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Tracing Commoner Health Problems Among Tribal School Children of the Dang District of Gujarat

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Tracing Commoner Health Problems Among Tribal School Children of the Dang District of Gujarat ORIGINAL ARTICLE pISSN 0976 3325│eISSN 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org Tracing Commoner Health Problems among Tribal School Children of the Dang District of Gujarat Jatin Chhaya1, Hitesh Bhabhor2, Shailee Vyas3, Mohua Moitra4, Jayesh K Kosambiya5 Financial Support: None declared ABSTRACT Conflict of Interest: None declared Copy Right: The Journal retains the copyrights of this article. However, re- Background: Development, food security, safe housing and sanita- production is permissible with due ac- tion being the rights of every citizen. Health is inseparable compo- knowledgement of the source. nent of these essentials of living. Tribal population is poorest and experience extreme levels of health deprivation and that’s why How to cite this article: they lag behind state as well as national average on several health Chhaya J, Bhabhor H, Vyas S, Moitra indicators. Tribal children being most vulnerable, this study is M, Kosambiya JK. TracingCommoner planned to know morbidity profile of the tribal children living in Health Problems among Tribal School residential hostel in Dang district. Children of the Dang District of Guja- rat. Natl J Community Med 2018; 9(5): Methodology: Community Medicine Department of Government 368-371 Medical College, Surat conducted general health check-up camp for the benefit of tribal students. Author’s Affiliation: 1Asst Prof, Dept of Community Medi- Result: One hundred and seventeen students from 5 tribal residen- cine, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical College, tial hostels were beneficiaries of this camp. Dental caries, Ear wax Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Waghodia, and discharge, passing worms in stool, refractive errors and skin 2 3 4 Vadodara; Tutor; Asst Prof; Asso infection were some common problems identified and treated in Prof; 5Prof and Head, Community the camp. Medicine, Dept, Government Medical College, Surat Conclusion: Personal hygiene and oral health is more compromis- ing factor that becomes hurdle for their overall development. Pe- Correspondence riodical health check-up and health education is most needed es- Dr. Hitesh Bhabhor pecially for tribal children. [email protected] Date of Submission: 19-04-18 Date of Acceptance: 04-05-18 Key words: Health camp, Health education, Morbidity profile, Date of Publication: 31-05-18 Tribal children INTRODUCTION tion are some other profound factors that make them more vulnerable to have diseases3. Lack of One fourth of India’s poorest people are Scheduled access to healthcare facility, absence of awareness Tribes (ST), even though they are only 8% percent of diseases, non-affordable transportation and poor of India’s population1. Gujarat is a state on fifth civil work and above all financial constraint are number of having more number of tribal popula- some factors that add on susceptibility of having tions after Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha diseases4. and Rajasthan respectively, and 14.75% of total Gu- jarat’s population, near about 8,917,174 persons, Under-five mortality rates (U5MR) of 95 deaths per belong to STs category as per census 20112. If we 1,000 live births in 2006 suggestive of poor hygiene talked about India, over 84 million people are practices among tribal population only because of scheduled tribes1. lack of awareness5. In recent study of Maharashtra, almost 80% of tribal women weighed less than 50 Health indicators are far worse among India’s un- kg and malnourished children were 74% 6. Death derprivileged tribal people as contrary to general due to starvation is still reported in tribal commun- population. Illiteracy, irritating physical surround- ities even in advance state like Kerala5. In epidemi- ings, lack of nutrition, insufficient access to potable ological transitions of disease, nutritional deficien- water, and absence of personal hygiene and sanita- National Journal of Community Medicine│Volume 9│Issue 5│May 2018 Page 368 Open Access Journal │www.njcmindia.org pISSN 0976 3325│eISSN 2229 6816 cy replaced by infectious diseases to non- dents were examined for general health check-up communicable diseases and with that, moreover by the post-graduate doctors, tutor and assistant disturbing is the prevalence of rare disease like di- and associate professors of the department of abetes and hypertension in tribal population is also community medicine, government medical college, increasing7,8. Surat. Students were examined for dental caries, ear wax/ pus or discharge from ear, clinical anae- Frequently reported complaints from tribal area mia, refractive errors, skin diseases, and other eye are malaria, pneumonia, respiratory disorders, problems and along with that, history passing snake and scorpion bites, diarrhoea and fever3. In- warms in stool was collected. Inch tape, digital adequate antenatal visit, home deliveries, unim- weight machine and sphygmomanometer also took munized children, inadequate postnatal visits, and with us for measurement of height (cm), weight rising prevalence of RTI/STI infection decreases (kg) and blood pressure (mm of Hg) respectively. impact of government efforts1,3. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated. Not surprisingly, the health status of India’s tribal Statistical Analysis: Data was entered in Microsoft communities is in need of special attention. So, Excel and descriptive analysis was done using Sta- Government Medical College Surat organized gen- tistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V.16 eral health check-up for tribal children with the and converted in to information. support of Swapath Non-Government Organiza- tion (NGO) to provide preventive, promotive and curative health services to the tribal children. The RESULTS objective of the camp was to provide free general health check-ups, providing treatment for minor One hundred and thirty children enrolled or living ailments, refer for free treatment to those patients in a residential hostel set by Swapath NGO at dif- who required specialized treatment and to identify ferent villages of Dang district and out of them, 117 common health problems. children were present at the time of our visit. All the children were in the age group range from 6 years to 18 years with male to female ratio of OBJECTIVES 1.12:1. The present study was conducted to know the One fourth of the total tribal children had a prob- commoner health problems and its prevalence lem of dental caries (23.93%). among tribal children; to assess the nutritional sta- Basing on Body Mass Index-for-age percentile, it tus of tribal children; and to know the prevalence was observed that more than two third of tribal of prehypertension and hypertension among tribal children had healthy weight. On the contrary, nu- children. tritional status 19.65% of total child deviated from the normal. METHODOLOGY This was a cross sectional study. All the students Table 1: Baseline information of children living in residential hostel maintained by Swapath Characteristic Frequency (n= 117) (%) NGO in the tribal area of Jamnyamal, Zaran, Gir- Residential hostel of mala, Kaksala & Amlipara villages of dang district Jamnyamal 42 (35.9) were examined. The study was done in the month Girmala 18 (15.38) of March to May 2016. Zaran 25 (21.37) Kakshala 7 (5.98) A total of 130 students studying from Std I to Std Amlipara 25 (21.37) VII living in concern residential hostels of studied Age of children (in years) village included as study participants. Data was 6 – 8 54 (46.15) collected of 117 students as 13 students were not 9 – 12 44 (37.61) present at the time of our visit. 13-18 19 (16.24) Sex of children A pre-designed questionnaire was used to record Male 62 (52.99) the complaints of tribal students. Tribal students Female 55 (47.01) living in the residential hostel and provided in- Mean of Height (in cm) (mean ± SD) formed consent were included in the study. All Boys 124.96 ± 13.31 other children of concern village who examined in Girls 125.3 ± 13.46 the camp were excluded. Combined 124.80 ± 13.12 Mean of weight (in kg) (mean ± SD) A Pre-designed questionnaire cum case paper was Boys 21.59 ± 6.21 used to collect all the important information. Stu- Girls 21.63 ± 6.31 Combined 21.50 ± 6.12 National Journal of Community Medicine│Volume 9│Issue 5│May 2018 Page 369 Open Access Journal │www.njcmindia.org pISSN 0976 3325│eISSN 2229 6816 Table 2: Commoner health problems found dur- cessible adequate water, inadequate oral hygiene ing camp (n = 117) and lack of awareness of dental cleanliness. The List of commoner problem Cases (%) prevalence of clinical anaemia among the children Dental caries 28 (23.93) of welfare hostels in rural health centre, tadikonda Ear wax/ pus or discharge from ear 17 (14.53) area of Guntur district was 6.7% which was lower Clinical anaemia (pale nails and tongue) 17 (14.53) than our study findings (14.53%)13. Worm infestation (Warms pass in stool) 14 (11.97) In our study prevalence of ENT problems was Refractive errors (diminished vision) 8 (6.84) 13 Multiple boils/ skin itching or Skin problem 7 (5.98) 14.53% which was lower than the Sivaiah’s study Cough and Cold (URTI) 4 (3.42) (17.1%), but a lower prevalence was reported from Abdominal discomfort 2 (1.71) the study conducted in Nellore14 city of Andhra Red /painful eye 1 (0.85) Pradesh (7%). The prevalence of skin problem was Vitamin A deficiency (Bitot spot) 1 (0.85) 5.98% in our study which was lower than the re- ported in study of welfare hostel of Tirupathi15 that Table 3: Nutritional status of children (n = 117) was 25.7%, Nellore14 city of Andhra Pradesh (26%) 16 Weight status Percentile Range Children and Ropar district of Punjab (23.2%).The current category (%) study revealed the prevalence of history of passing Underweight < 5th percentile 5 (4.27) worms in stool (11.97%) which was lower than the Normal Weight 5th to <85th percentile 94 (80.34) Sivaiah’s study (18%)13andTirupathi’s15 study Overweight 85th to <95th percentile 13 (11.11) (20.7%)but a higher figure was reported in Shan- Obese ≥95th percentile 5 (4.27) tiananthakrishnan17 et.
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