Est. 1817. Vol. 13 Number 8. 3 December, 1968 Fortnightly 1s. 6d.

The Black Panther Dossier Nixon translated into English Dwarf exposes News of the World Where is RSSF going? John MacLean lives Tenants/Barbarella/Grays Inn/Hornsey/Trial in Wales 2 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 8 where is RSSF going wilson s barbarella— and when? scourge of the unions By PAT JORDAN The first RSSF Conference was Friday morning with a report by with the fight against im­ held in June in an atmosphere the National Coordinating Com­ perialism. The impact of this of optimism and excitement fol­ mittee on the problems it had M a n if e s t o was, however, Barbara Castle, Labour’s Min­ ism’s creditors: the IMF chiefs can be approved or disapproved of beer and; her skilfully-dyed and the Swiss bankers). Because encountered during the summer. severely blurred when the Con­ ister of Employment and Produc­ by the PIB the whole function flaming red hair. But that de­ lowing the May events in tivity (“unemployment and of the huge opposition to her of unions is undermined. The feat didn’t mean much, as she France. Not only did it seem The Maoist delegation claimed ference decided that member­ wage-cutting” would be more plan to use legislation to take next step would be towards a explained the very same after­ that students could be activated that there had been an IS plot to ship of RSSF was not condi­ appropriate), has been presented back this penny (workers would set-up where PIB’s covering noon at a Fabian (yes, you and driven forward by revolu­ sabotage the RSSF; the IS de­ tional on the acceptance of this by the press virtually as Wilson’s have received it for two weeks particular industries (and, to guessed right) tea party. tionary ideas, but it also ap­ nounced the RSL for failing to manifesto. Anyone can join, and Barbarella. and then it would have been the delight of our Labour leaders, Workers on building sites are Whilst her adventures may not slopped) the trade union officials now realising the danger of this the movement had lost any representing “ both sides of in­ peared that this explosion in the attend meetings. There was a be so exotic as those of the car­ refused to agree to a voluntary dustry”) took over the functions situation. It is to be hoped that educational superstructures of long hassle about one sect with­ political definition it might have toon character, she is given cut. But Wilson’s Barbarella was of adjusting wages up or down. al- organised workers will follow society could produce a similar holding membership lists, of acquired. Wilson’s most difficult missions not to be thw arted: she got the The dangerous logic of what th e suit. There should be no truck and, like Barbarella, her alleged trade union bureaucrats to agree union leaders have agreed to do with Barbara’s s e d u c t i v e revolutionary explosion among another refusing to distribute The next conference is fixed workers. RSSF was the response membership cards. charms are an important weapon to accept the Prices and Incomes is something very similar to the schemes. Massive trade union for March. It will be a delegate in her armoury. Her charms, Board’s ruling on this matter. “ syndicates” of fascist countries action must be the answer to her of the British student left to the The Discussion on student conference with each delegate moreover, are supposed to appeal Whilst it is not certain that they Even some Labour M. P. ’s have attempts to bring about wage foreign example, and precisely both to men (trade union offi­ will rule against the 1d., this recognised this fact. cuts on the sly. The incomes problems in the afternoon was representing 3 RSSF members. because it was to some extent Any member can attend, but cials) and women (Fords strike represents a very dangerous de­ Wilson’s Barbarella is now policy is clearly designed to cut an important form of political undermined by a persistent leaders). velopment and it could be that trying to block increases for workers’ standards of living. group of demagogues who only delegates can vote. Recently she was given the Barbara will consider this her bank workers and bakers. She The TUC has voted against it. organisation it has suffered in claimed that since student prob- What is RSSF going to do? mission by Wilson to stop the greatest victory. will, no doubt, try the same with The Labour Party threw it out subsequent months from the problems could not be seen in building workers’ penny an hour If this goes by without a seri­ other sections of the work in with the biggest vote of this kind difficulty of taking root in It cannot become a nation­ cost of living award on the ous struggle it could mark an class. for years. There is a mandate isolation, a discussion of student British soil. wide movement overnight; what grounds that this, together with important step towards the cor­ She failed at Blackpool to stop for struggle against the wage problems had to include a dis­ it must do is build strong local another separately negotiated, porate state. If workers accept a the Labour Party voting 5 to 1 freeze and its “ charming” ex­ These difficulties came out cussion of imperialism and the bases, and acquire a momentum transgressed the incomes policy position where their freely nego­ against the wage freeze, des i t ponent. (that is, upset British capital- tiated trade union agreements her promise to freeze the price very clearly at the First Plenary working class struggle. The dis­ of its own that is not dependent Conference held at the Round cussion was of an abysmal level: on the vitality of the local sects. House on November 8-9. RSSF no debate, few original ideas, Educational work among British is made up from existing British very little awareness of the students is a number one priority groups, and one of its major relative specificity of the student for the movement since a A Letter of Resignation problems is the mutual hostility struggle within the general con­ student body that is politically of the different tendencies and text of a socialist offensive. In educated would be able to tran­ the accompanying low level of spite of the refusal of most Comrades, the students at the barricades, they •role of Stalinism and its parasitic editorial to form a non-sectarian scend the divisions now existing bureaucracy. And if we did the political debate. The only way speakers to deal with the issues For some time now I have ex­ occupied their factories. They were extra parliamentary opposition. And and would be able to generate prepared to fight. Many tendencies lesson was rammed home only too what does this mean? It can mean in which this obstacle can be in a relevant or original way, pressed grave misgivings about the an articulated opposition to the editorial policy of the Black Dwarf, in this country and in Europe and tragically in Czechoslovakia. only one thing — a centrist compro­ overcome is for RSSF to acquire the Conference passed a state­ university as it now exists. its statements, its slogans, the con­ the United States based a theory on In this necessary clarification the mise, of which in the history of the an autonomous identity and an ment of aims that did give a Only through an ideological tent of the paper, its political direc­ this concrete and special phenome­ Dwarf has offered only confusion. struggles of the working class there autonomous ideology; then it detailed programme of ‘student tion. These misgivings should be non and assigned to the students the And nowhere more clearly is this are only too many treacherous ideological course-critiques and transformation can the RSSF can do without the sects and action’, within the university discussed, because I feel they are role of detonator of revolutions. The confusion found than in its associa­ examples. It is this that this paper by creating red majorities in the survive and attract a majority of Dwarf itself carried the front page, has called for, an unprincipled alli­ attract young people coming and in the struggle against important to the movement, and they tion with the Vietnam Solidarity student bodies. the studenty body. Students are involve questions of principle. Since claiming students as “The New Campaign, a campaign which has ance with Stalinists, State capitalists, into politics for the first time academic authority. The discussion on Saturday looking for an imaginative and May when the Dwarf first appeared revolutionary vanguard”. The politi­ made more about turns than the anarchists and let us not forget those away from the repetition of a cal situation throughout the world is waiting in the wings once they have The programme called for the morning of a manifesto ended intelligent political alternative in print political events throughout Irish Guards in front of Buckingham few banalities. If RSSF doesn't the world have developed at an un­ in a state of conflict; the students Palace. In the name of a united been deposed from office — the in a massive victory for a to existing institutions and ideas. the sects will continue to turn setting up of Red Bases in the precedented pace. Questions of the are restless, the young are restless, front it has formed an alliance with Labour ‘lefts’. That is what the extra- university, by putting all power manifesto including these theses This is the potentiality that there is an impatience. But revolu­ parliamentary opposition means. people away from left politics revolutionary role of the working precisely those Stalinists that be­ in the university in the hands of on the academic struggle and RSSF can grasp; provided it is class in Metropolitan countries, tion is not based on short cuts. trayed the French revolution. Never And where are the working class in and the opportunity that now this? Nowhere. Left to fight the a general assembly of students emphasising the overall political able to rise above the traditional questions of the Vietnamese revolu­ Events in France were peculiar to once did this campaign call upon the exists will be lost. France. What is incorrect is to build battles with the capitalist class and staff and administrative workers, orientation of th e RSSF - British milieu in which it is now tion, questions of the counter­ support of the working class, never a general theory out of this. To a once did it connect the struggle in their side-kicks the Labour Govern­ solidarity with the workers and established. revolutionary role of Salinism, ques­ The Conference began on the by carrying out a course of tions of the intervention of Soviet Marxist, there is only one class that Vietnam with the pending struggles ment, left to face their struggles troops in Czechoslovakia, questions can overthrow capitalism, and that is of the British working class against against the prices and incomes of the struggle of the working the working class. If the working the Prices and Incomes Act. The policy, against wage restriction and class in this country as they face class do not respond to moral question that must be asked is what possible anti-Trade Union Laws. one of their biggest fights in history, exhortations, it is because their daily is a more decisive blow against But, the working class does not Hornsey-what next? questions that are not academic but struggles are of a different order, a imperialism, a march or a massive need the “extra-parliamentary op­ have been sharply and concretely struggle of survival, a struggle of strike? No Marxist can be in any position” that ends up at ten posed. Our task in a newspaper of warring classes, the capitalist against doubt. Yet we heard no such dis­ Downing Street. This is not a de­ this kind is to examine and analyse the working class, a process which is cussion from the leadership of that feated class, this is a class that is by KIM HOWELL largely unconscious. Since Marx the fighting, that is coming forward more protest from the D.E.S. Militant we’ve got most of, and that’s militant the workers to the “heights” of the these questions, push forward theory march. Instead what did we have? and give a political lead on the basis task of all Marxists revolutionaries And in spite of the adventurist calls and more. This class needs Marxist For a brief seven weeks we tasted staff have been sacked while the students. Great sections of formerly bourgeoise or the petty bourgeois has been to make th e unconscious leadership, not an opportunist rag a kind of freedom. For seven weeks teachers union have all stood by politically backward people were intellectuals; it means raising the of a Marxist analysis of the inter­ from the leader of this paper to process conscious. But it is based on ‘“Not Demand, Occupy, ” we wit­ bag of reformist theories. This is we were spared the mind numbing silently like the sheep that they are. suddenly kicked in their pre­ level of art in the direction in which national struggle of the world’s pro­ one principle, that the working class nessed last Sunday the most craven what the Dwarf should be address­ shit poured out by the heroes of the The college itself has been turned dominately sedate middle class arses the prolateriat is advancing. We letariat. are the decisive class and the only example of reformism in the shape ing itself to, this is the struggle the bourgeois art magazines, we were into a fortress. Steel doors have been and were subjected to the worst kind must learn from the workers and In this respect I can only conclude decisive class. of a letter that was delivered to Dwarf should be giving clarification spared the lies of the aesthetes, of erected across strategic corridors, of hack borough politics. They very aim to find the proper relationships that the Black Dwarf has been number 10 Downing Street, which to. This should be its strategy, the the art historians and of the adminis­ searchlights hung on the outside quickly learned that our democracy between that aesthetic appreciation evasive of its task. From France another thing be­ began “Dear Harold” and ended overthrow of this vile corrupt system tration. We kicked our way out of walls, spikes placed on the drain­ was more democratic than the elec­ that we as so-called “creative The Black Dwarf first appeared at came clear. A revolution w as “Fraternally. ” Apart from the flip­ which holds the masses of the world the ivory tower which had been pipes, iron bars on the windows and tion of the American president, that artists” possess (or are supposed to the height of the revolutionary betrayed by the Stalinist Party. What pant irresponsibility of this letter in brutal subservience, that offers such an effective shield against the what was formerly the “subversive” the press actually told lies, and that possess anyway) and its relevance to events in France. One lesson that was crucial was not that the French (was this why one hundred thousand nothing but oppression and violence evil realities of life outside the make General Studies department is now a politicians were really not the con­ the struggles of the mass of the was clear from this was that the pro­ working class were not prepared to marched to say “Dear Harold”? ) to further its own greedy aims. believe of pretty colours, pseudo­ converted flat for a permanent night cerned, aware, implicitly honest men working class in this country. I and letariat of the metropolitan countries fight, but that they lacked revolu­ what we h a v e is the “extra- These are the questions to be posed. intellectual jargon and trendy varia­ of the people that they previously many others detest the' elitist cul­ were not dormant as so many ten­ tionary leadership to take the power. watchman and his family. parliamentary opposition” leading The building of a revolutionary tions on themes of high powered These are however, measures typi­ believed them to be. You revolu­ tural systems that exist in England, dencies had claimed. The students This was the lesson, a lesson that this demonstration back to where leadership through and in the only salesmanship that were the staple cal of, and to be expected from, an tionary comrades reading this will, and challenge anyone to defend their fought against police oppression must be digested by the movements every British radical movement has class that can transform the world, educational meals of the whiz-kids of course, have known these facts of position as a lackey of that wealthy and the French working class found in Britain. The crucial question is ignorant set of neo-fascist bank ended and been betrayed — to Parlia­ the working class. of Hornsey. managers and launderet owners of life since birth but you must try and parasitic minority who make the an echo in their own struggles, a the need for the building of a revo­ lutionary working class party to take ment. The progress of the sit-in matters the kind that control education at realise that until the sit-in most of most nauseating pretentions imagin­ working class that had been be­ ROGER SMITH, only superficially. Our revolution Hornsey. It is impossible to negotiate the good people at Hornsey were able about their understanding of trayed, bullied, cajoled in the name the power. We need no further It is in this light that we must went the way of many others, that or even communicate with such concerned with the real issues of our “great” art. All but a very few of of capitalist expansion. They joined evidence of the counter revolutionary discuss the plea of the Dwarf Hamilton Gdns., NW8. is to say that the social democrats morons as these, the only alterna­ existence. . . making useless art the teachers that I have ever met are sold us out, with their facade of tives left open to us now are near objects for the elitist bourgeoise of guilty to a lesser or greater degree respectability, t h e i r Hampstead suicidal ones. For unless a miracle our trendy, turned on society. of perpetuating this situation, those A REPLY IN DEFENCE OF THE DWARF liberal cliches and their pleas for happens we are expected to return to This is the fundamental lesson that that are not are at this moment being concessions and mild reforms. We college on the 4th of November to we have learned. We have discovered hounded out of their positions by FRED HALLIDAY. were led into the trap of negotiating work within a system and under the fallacy of the myth that sur­ reactionary, authoritarian elements, with petty, Concervative councillors, conditions which are a direct result rounded the so-called work of art. or by the worried heroes of the and with the important Department of the conservative backlash. We will Some of us have learned even to bourgeoisie, the left over avant- Roger’s letter brings up a number of vital questions on which we disagree opposition. The slogan “Don’t Demand. Occupy”, far from being adventurist, of Education and Science. We were be without our comrades who have mistrust those people who would guard. Most of these enlightened and which I shall try to answer. But I can deal with some of what he says received triumphant validation in the occupation of the LSE over the told to talk through the traitorous been victimised, and with the prob­ wish to impart their cultural exper­ people are at Hornsey. They and the merely by showing what the “Dwarf” has actually published. Much of his demonstration weekend, when precisely that discussion of political issues N. U. S. who did all in their power lem of educating about 270 new and tise to the “masses”. What are we students need immediate support critique is pointless since we do not hold, and have never expressed, the that Roger wants took place. His comparison between a demonstration and to ensure that the new participatory worried students of the true nature painting? what are we learning, and and solidarity. It is no longer merely views he attributes to us. a strike is highly abstract and unrealistic. Even if a strike is always a more who do we produce art for? Should potent weapon than a demonstration, this doesn’t mean socialists should not democracy at the college would of the situation. The reactionary This is especially true of our views on the students. Roger feels some we devote ourselves to “raising a section of art students fighting for go on demonstrations. Roger’s comparison also ignores the difficulty of crumble and fall and be once again staff will attempt to condition the need to emphasise that only the working class can make a revolution. We standards”, or should we devote our­ the right to paint and design what organising a working class strike on an issue not directly related to the replaced by their archaic, elitist new people into believing and ac­ have never denied it. The theory of the students as the vanguard is not a selves to “popularisation”? From we want and where we want, we interests of the strikers. structure. We were of course cepting the situation as they would theory of the students as the agents of revolution. smashed, our best militant spokes­ wish them to. what basis is art to be raised? From have something to contribute to the Moreover, his answer to the question is rather mechanical. A strike is The article by Mandel in our second issue that he so attacks makes men have been thrown out “for The courses of action left open the basis of the bourgeoisie? From war against the rotten capitalist often a more potent weapon than a demonstration; a strike hits at the to us are few. We have certain the basis of the petty bourgeois in­ this point quite clear: “For without the proletarian socialist revolution there process of production itself. But a strike may well put forward purely academic reasons”, or have been system. We want to communicate placed on probation and told to strengths and weaknesses. Since it tellectuals? I say no. It must come will be no overthrow of the capitalist system”. This is hardly an evasion. corporate, economic demands that in no way challenge the system; whereas keep their mouths shut. Courses isn’t worth bothering listing our from the basis of the masses of and take a hand in finally smashing Mandel repeats himself: “. . . we know very well that neither by virtue of a demonstration that openly denounces capitalism and imperialism represents have been cut without a squeak of weaknesses I’ll concentrate on what workers. Nor does this mean raising it. their numbers nor by virtue of the place which they hold today in society a far more advanced level of revolutionary consciousness. can the students alone overthrow bourgeois society”. Our editorial in issue He accuses the VSC of changing its policy. VSC has a clear political number 5 repeats this point: “One thing is clear. Students cannot make the position on which it has always stood: solidarity with the NLF of South “I have been enlisted for fifteen years in the socialist army, whichis the only army worth fighting for. God damn all other armies!” revolution by themselves”, and again “France showed what the students can Vietnam. The NLF themselves have frequently stated their revolutionary do — detonate a proletarian explosion; but it also showed that without a - JOHN MacLEAN IN 1915. gratitude for VSC’s policies. If anyone is “evading” the issue of Vietnam it revolutionary organisation of the workers the explosion can be crushed”. is Roger, and those like him, who refuse to march on demonstrations fat If Roger were to re-read these texts and not misinterpret their head­ solidarity with the Vietnamese revolution. His charge of “about-turns” could John John John John lines, he might gain a clearer idea of our position. be made with far more accurate force against Roger Smith himself, who nine months ago was lyrical about the Cuban Revolution and six months We are not trying to build a general model out of what happened in MacLean MacLean MacLean MacLean ago was calling on us all to emulate the militants of Grosvenor Square. France, but the French events did show that under certain conditions and Lives Lives Lives Lives with definite limitations the students are able to play an auxiliary role in the He denounces the call for an extra-parliamentary opposition. Is VSC’s revolutionary process. The events in France have not disproven Marxism; support for the Vietnamese revolution and opposition to the invasion of BOB PURDIE. but Marxist theory, which is the self-consciousness of the revolutionary left Czechoslovakia “unprincipled”? The principles for which the “Dwarf” It is December - a day as bleak of revolutionary Marxism. Let this attendances in the thousands. During Bolsheviks made MacLean the first at any moment of history, must develop with history and incorporate stands are clear to anyone who has read our articles and editorials: the and raw as a lifetime spent in the November 30th, the 45th anniversary his life he built up strong bonds of Soviet consul, (not recognised by the changes in bourgeois society into the theory of how to destroy that society. building of a revolutionary student movement, the worker-student alliance, sweatshops and dole queues of of his death, be marked by an trust and affection between himself Government). This was no purely That is what we are beginning to do; and a discussion of the role of the anti-imperialist struggle and proletarian revolution. If these are a “rag­ Clydeside. Over the bridges, span­ increased interest in the one man and the workers of Clydeside; on honorary position, he energetically students is clearly central to the development of a revolutionary self- bag of reformist theories” where are we? ning the Clyde, and from Gorbals who succeeded in mobilising a signi­ one occasion he was hauled from his took up work in aid of Russian consciousness at the present time. Wc are well aware of the limitations of the British left, the problems and Govan, little knots of men make ficant section of the British working classroom to lead a mass demonstra­ exiles in Scotland, who were being There are a number of other issues. Roger’s list of the questions now of building a proletarian party and the concrete political tasks that we have their way to Eglinton Toll. There class around the ideas of Marxism, tion of shipyard workers. persecuted by a vindictive Govern­ facing us provokes two responses. First, we have discussed all these ques­ to face. The “Black Dwarf” is also well aware of its own limitations, some they join the thousands of workers and who more than anyone else was But MacLean best deserves to be ment. tions. He can hardly accuse us of “evading” the question of Stalinism when of which are a result of internal weakness, others of which are a reflection in issue number 5 we published an article by himself on that very subject. of the British left as a whole. In recent months Roger Smith has become a who have been gathering for hours. responsible for making Clydeside remembered for his activities during His last years were spent attempt­ The accusation of evading Vietnam is ludicrous to anyone who has read political associate of the Socialist Labour League and the views in his letter Forming into a long concourse they “red”. the First Imperialist War, like Con­ ing to build up a Party which stood the last issue. The “revolutionary role of the working class in the metro­ are similar to those of the SLL’s bi-weekly “Newsletter”. It is not yet march off to follow to Eastwcod Born the son of a displaced crofter nolly in Ireland, Luxembourg and for a “Scottish Workers Republic”, Cemetery the remains of one of the from Mull, John early in his life Leibknecht in Germany and the politan countries” has also been constantly reiterated and various aspects of “Dwarf” policy to engage polemics with other left-wing publications, but and in the present political situation the issues Roger has raised need clarifying and this has served to define greatest and most influential Marxists experienced the bitterness of life Bolsheviks in Russia, he called on the working class struggle in capitalist society have been examined in these in Scotland this has led to renewed our political position. of western Europe, John MacLean. under capitalism, his father dying at the workers to fight their own page — the dockers’ strike, the counter-revolutionary role of the British interest in his ideas. There can be The role that we now intend to play is a complex one, both reflecting, There are few working class the age of 43, from a lifetime of bourgeoisie. Communist Party, industrial illness and workers’ control. no doubt however that he would criticising and going beyond the left as it is now constituted. That we are leaders who have been more totally overwork a n d undernourishment. MacLean suffered a great deal for The second response that Roger’s list evokes is that it is curiously have little time for some of the not the organ of a party is a limit on what we can do, but there is a devoted to the working class, there Thus when John succeeded in going this; he was given several prison limited. He does not include racialism, student power and the liberation Scottish National Party opportunists concrete role and a real need for a left-wing paper that simultaneously have been fewer still who have to Glasgow University and becoming terms for sedition, and carried out struggles in Africa and Latin America as issues that we should be concerned who are now climbing on the band­ adopts a stance on political issues and reflects a diversity of opinions on the suffered more for their determina­ a schoolteacher, he resolved to use hunger strikes in protest. At his most with. This is very significant, since these are essential components of the wagon, and praising his example. left. By revitalising the moribund intellectual and political climate of Britain, tion, and yet have doggedly kept his knowledge in the service of his famous trial in 1918 he made a revolutionary situation as we now face it. His simplistic adherence to one Socialists should remember Mac- and by publishing views on a wide range of political and cultural issues, fighting to the end, and there are class. brilliant speech, in which he turned formula — that only the workers can make the revolution — prevents him the “Dwarf” can play a very important function in building the revolu­ few who have been more disgrace­ MacLean was a brilliant agitator the court’s accusations against the Lean, re-examine his ideas, and take from applying this formula to a concrete situation, and prevents him from tionary left. Attacks that ignore what we have published and ignore the a n d propagandist, some of his bosses’ Government. up his fight, - the fight for the understanding the diversity of contradictions we are now confronting. fully ignored and forgotten by those situation in which we now are, cannot serve us in any way. who profess to follow the principles classes in Marxist Economics had In recognition of his courage the socialist revolution. His most substantial charges concern VSC and the extra-parliamentary 13. 8 THE BLACK DWARF 3 LETTERS YOU SWINE OCTOBER 27 - I REVOLUTIONARY PURITY POP POLITICS - To the Editor, Dear Comrade, Comrades: fall while the presence was main­ However, neither do we wish to see have disgusted most working-class Comrade, was of any importance in the fight As the father of a young police­ tained. Neither was it expected that a movement so potentially strong as I have noticed a very regrettable leftists. for Socialism. man of 22 and myself an ex- I, like many other people, arrived tendency in the last few issues of the march should pass right through ours follow CND into oblivion for Where, one may wonder, would I have been a Socialist all my life The private standards of indi­ serviceman who fought in the last at Charing Cross on the 27th ready Black Dwarf to regard the dilettante Whitehall without one halting. want of decisive action. the profits of this record have gone? since the age of fourteen. I know a viduals are most certainly their own war and wounded and still suffer­ to demonstrate both solidarity with dissatisfaction of purveyors of the But this is what happened and the Therefore, next time let us not Would the ‘dissatisfaction’ of the little at first hand about revolution affairs but do not debase a noble ing, I think it a disgrace that a the NLF and opposition to pop sub-culture and of those who assembled comrades continued their stand around patting ourselves on Rolling Stones and their ilk dis­ and I lost an eye fighting Fascism. cause by enlisting the ‘help’ of filthy swine like you can be allowed capitalistic-imperialist states every­ make up the ‘International Times’ way to Hyde Park and the final the backs and accepting Callaghan’s appear if we had a genuinely Socialism to me means a society amoral bums, looking for a cheap in our beautiful country. A man who where. brigade as being an essentially anti­ rally. To be informed by the pat on the hand for our ‘British socialist s o c i e t y tomorrow? The where people are no longer crippled band-wagon. The great revolution­ doesn’t even come from Britain The Ad-Hoc Committee had asked capitalist and left-wing dissatisfac­ speakers how big the demo was - good sense’. If we must go to the answers, to me at least, are obvious; and depraved emotionally and aries of history, men like Conolly, and never fought for it. As regards that all follow the official route and tion. This tendency reached a we already knew. That the United ‘killing-ground’ of Grosvenor Square while the hippies and adherents of morally by the pressures of capi­ Lenin and Trotsky, and the humble your Communist party the whole not break off to Grosvenor Square ridiculous culmination in an open States was committing genocide in to make ourselves felt then let us the pop movement are obviously not talism, and where for the first time people too, such as the Spanish lot of you should be packed off to which, as all will agree, is a killing letter to John Lennon by one John Vietnam — we already knew. That go. The Vietnamese people have class enemies and are in fact part of human relationships will be honest, anarchists were shining examples of Russia and Siberia to rot with your ground. Hoyland (who graciously speaks for capitalism stinks — we knew that too. been living and dying on one huge the human wreckage of the capitalist open and moral in the real sense of integrity and honesty in their per­ friends. Since when did you have a The majority of marchers com­ “we on the left”) in which he as We were informed that this — the killing-ground for years. system, their lack of any ideology, that word. sonal lives which were indeed merely demonstration against the invasion plied with this request on the under­ much as said that taking LSD demo — was just the beginning but Either that or let everyone stay at apart from a reverence of “self” In your Vietnam issue you devote another another aspect of their of Czechoslovakia by the Russians? standing that confrontation would (“acid” sic.) was a left-wing protest. where were the proposals for the home and campaign on his local makes their support an encumbrance space to some doggerel by Mick political beliefs. That is what I think you will have a short life as come with the occupation and hold­ Also, the Rolling Stones apparently coming campaign? doorstep. and an embarrassment. Jagger, an unfortunate nothing Socialism means in practice. someone will get you. Why don’t ing of Whitehall for one hour. This are blooded revolutionaries because And all this while but a few A large section of the American whom the world could do well with­ May I say finally that the layout, the Russians stop supplying Viet­ was believed to be the main tactical they have been arrested by the police hundred yards away comrades were Hopefully yours, left have now, it seems, gone ‘hippy’, out, and more disgusting still, you the typography and much of the nam with arms? Why don’t you go objective of the march, a clear for drug-taking. Putting aside all continuing the demonstration in a discarding ideology and- theoretical couple his name on your front page, context of the Vietnam issue was of out there and fight for them? You demonstration, not necessarily vio­ ethical and medical considerations practical way. P. J. CULLIS polemics for the all-purpose ‘mother­ alongside Marx and Engels; some­ a very high standard indeed. swine. lent, of the determination and about drug-taking, it must be said It is not that a mass punch-up fucker’ (presumably a political thing which will surely make any G. R. LEWIS. power of those assembled. It was that it is no more left-wing than eat­ with the police is necessarily wanted. 2 Delamare Crescent, Croydon, analysis), and generally discrediting sincere Socialist want to vomit. Sincerely, Wrexham, N. Wales. not expected that the state should ing a bar of chocolate. Furthermore, the already weak but genuinely left- That in itself achieves nothing. Surrey. Almost as bad as this, you waste the ‘hippy’, ‘drop-out’ trend among wing movements in America. It valuable space on a letter of con­ PAT McVEIGH young people cannot but contribute would be a great tragedy if any sec­ dolence to John Lennon as if this Gosford Cottage, Aberlady, to the continued existence of capi­ tion of the British left were to poor confused drug experimenter East Lothian, Scotland. OCTOBER 27 - II talism since it directs into ineffective dabble with the hippies; to do any­ UNITY and passive opposition a great deal thing, in fact, which would detract Dear Dwarfs, ‘comrade’ to ‘friend’ and similarly and because in any case communism Sir, of political dissatisfaction and youth­ from its seriousness as a political What a naive performance! (I translate any other more dogmatic takes different forms and the Viet­ I wish you would remind some of POP POLITICS - II ful reformism which could be har­ movement. I write this incidentally refer to the speeches made at the terms. Progressivism must be a living namese form need not threaten the wilder contributors who seem nessed in the service of socialism. after arguing for about an hour with Sir, Hyde Park rally. ) If this is the stuff thing, continually taking up new, world stability. There were too many intent on promoting left-wing dis­ them and so perpetuate the system. Pop-culture is the new opium of the a trade-unionist, trying to persuade designed to swell the progressive more vivid and more embracing people on Sunday’s non-violent unity with Anti-CP Anti-Mao or l am surprised and dismayed that The records mentioned in the article people. him that the relatively new leftward movement, I don’t think you are phraseology and not bogged down march who seemed to have no you publish articles by Roland Mul­ are released because they are ineffec­ Anti-anybody tirades that this sort As for making revolutionary trend in British student politics is going to make much advance. The by stale cliches. Such cliches only serious idea of what practical, mass doon which seen to take certain pop tive. I urge you to advocate a boy­ of thing merely plays into the hands martyrs of the Rolling Stones, who point is as Roland Muldoon said in help to make the movement sound appeal progressivism must consist not a wholly transient and hippy groups seriously. Surely it is realised cott of these capitalist products. Let of the establishment. Self-criticism now it seems have decided to ride trend. I hope he will never be able the October 27 issue of Black Dwarf, conservative. of, and efforts must be made rapidly that the pop industry is the most youth make an effort to free itself - Yes! But let’s spend most of our the commercial tiger of protest, any to prove me wrong. that you must speak to the tradi­ So much for dogma. The second to educate them, or the movement advanced form of planned obsolesc­ from its self-willed slavery to the effort in finding points of unity and distributor would have a cast iron tionalists in their own language in point is that you must give tradi­ will stagnate. concurrence when discussing other ence in our sick society. The only pop industry. argument, on aesthetic reasons alone, Yours faithfully, order to sway them; only the con­ tionalists situations they can per­ Because these two points were not groups. Christ! We need each other's reason that records expressing revolt Yours for refusing to accept their record, ANTHONY K. HICKLEY tent of speeches should be different. sonally and deeply identify with noted, I believe there will probably are released is that the capitalist MICK LAUNCHBURY help badly enough. which was banal and adolescent Constant use of terms like ‘capi­ before they become convinced pro­ not be any significant rise in the 6 Randolph Gardens, Maida Vale, realises that the mass of youth is so Sorby Hall, Endcliffe Vale Road, rubbish. And would, incidentally, NW6. talism’, ‘imperialism’, fascism’, ‘com­ gressives. It is no good pouring out number of progressive movement October 15th issue editorial excel­ gullible that it will continue to buy Sheffield. rades’ and so on will only antagonise emotional statements like “We must adherents at the next major demon­ lent! Fawthrop v. good! the traditionalists and lead them to smash the fascist capitalists” without stration or progressive event in assume that those concerned are all saying exactly why they must be London, and if this proves to be so I notice you’ve got artists on the communists of an extreme type and smashed. I suggest you give some serious books - D. Mercey, AGIT-PROP, ROLAND MULDOON REPLIES not in any way concerned with You must explain in detail what thought to changing tactics in the etc. - which covers the visuals. But practical, rational progressivism. harm is being done to the Viet­ way I described. does anybody have any ideas about I think that in this stage of de­ explanation of one’s motives. If you want to express the concept namese way of life, because land is in this paper, writing, design, against the wall, offset by the These points apply of course not the promotion of revolutionary velopment, it is essential for all Although to a Socialist, by the very behind the word ‘capitalism’ why not being destroyed by American chemi­ photography etc. If the material is realisation that we have of a grow­ just to this Vietnam demonstration ideas through prose fiction. Has people who consider themselves nature of his collective beliefs, this call it ‘materialism’ or ‘selfish cals, innocent people are suffering good enough, the editors have ex­ ing maturity and understanding of but to any kind of outdoor progres­ anybody thought of a publishing co­ “involved” in the political struggle sounds like an unnecessary waste material gain' which sound less like and so on, and why the Americans pressed their willingness to partici­ peoples immediate problems. This sive activity, as much the same de­ operative? for a workers’ democracy to explain of time. If you’re on the receiving Marxist dogma and appeal more to don’t need to be there at all, because pate. This I hope will help to bridge would reveal that although a fects have been apparent in other not only their theory, but also their end it might not be. Obviously I’m the sense of reason? Why not change the ‘communism’ the Americans are the gap between theory and em­ minority, we are creating an alter­ such activities in the past. ROY JOHNSON motivation. Although to most this going to be criticised for saying ‘imperialism’ to ‘arrogant colonial­ afraid of is not just communism but bryonic interest. native that Is Interested in the Yours fraternally, NICK ROGERS 19 Grange Avenue, Heaton Chapel, would seem obvious and unneces­ this, but for those who understand ism’, ‘fascism’ to ‘blind dictatorship’, also religious and nationalist feeling Why I keep harping on about sub­ human condition. This I hope is a 57 Cecil Park, Pinner, Middx. Stockport. sary, it must be pointed out that a my concern, I would like to say this: culture is not because I believe that justification for the idea of en­ lot of the casual buyers of Black should have an open Black Dwarf it can in any way substitute for a couraging people to express their Dwarf are only “interested” in the page which allows its readers, mass political movement. In a positions however non-theoretical movement and not in any way con­ whatveer their denomination or country where at the present the or theraputic this might seem. OCTOBER 27 - III MORE ABOUT KING’S COLLEGE vinced that they should become stage of development, to express contradictions are not always as To the Editor of The Black Dwarf: Black Dwarf should not consider is extended, why not stone taxi involved themselves. Why? Because their ideas. Ideas that is, that will obvious as we would wish them to As a participant in the October drivers because they transport capi­ they cannot relate their human pre­ itself the vanguard paper, but act help to explain how and why and seem to be, we have a duty to 27th demonstration, I left Grosvenor talists to their places of business dicament to our tub-thumping. Dear Comrade Editor, and golfing cap, to the room. Neigh­ what led, or, is leading them to create a rival culture which reflects almost as a trade paper to the Square when some members of the where they exploit workers? True, Handing a leaflet to workers de­ bouring sections of the march were take on the battle against their the aspirations of our m ovem ent in struggle on whatever level this crowd began provoking the police. the cop represents the establishment Following your Diary note about scribing their economic alienation surprised when the King’s contingent alienation. This can be done by such a way that the short term might be. Any contributions could In addition to disagreeing with their and its laws. But, as a worker. As a our Principal, you may be interested changed from ‘Victory to the NLF’ must, I feel, be accompanied by an any way which is possible to print "futility” of knocking one’s head be sent to me care of the paper. tactics, it seems to me that these result of his maltreatment, he and to hear of his first military action, to ‘NATO out of King’s’ and from provocations are self-defeating. many other workers are being on October 27th. Ho Ho Ho Chi Minh’ to ‘Prince- At the beginning of the march a alienated. The policeman is being Having had calls from Adams Out’ (Prince is Commissar for Ex­ fellow standing by me offered an made a primary enemy of the ‘move­ since Friday pleading for support in ternal Affairs and well-known MORE ABOUT DERRY invitation to the bobbies within ear­ ment’, with verbal and physical the press, it occurred to Sir John Establishment lackey in the Union). ISAAC DEUTSCHER MEMORIAL PRIZE shot to join the demonstration ‘for abuse as the weapons in combating Hackett, that his ow n militant Sir Hackett unfortunately did not higher wages’. This started me him. Police ‘over-reaction’ is of students might do an ‘LSE’ on him. see any action on Sunday, but we Dear Comrades, Ireland will then be forced to resort thinking: these demonstrators are course intolerable. But why shit on He therefore immediately ordered hope he will be able to withstand Isaac Deutscher was a great latter part of September of the to illegal agitation and violence. making an appeal to the ‘workers’; a cop without reason? It is as much full pass checking over the week- the deprivation. The six north-eastern counties of socialist historian and teacher who same year. The first Isaac Deuts­ this is apparent in many of the signs the cop’s law he is enforcing as and, and invited the U n ion This is exactly what the govern­ Ireland (Derry, Tyrone, Down, An­ provided a unique link between a cher Memorial Prize w ill be yours. He’s a worker just doing his and chants. And what, pray tell, is executive to join him in defending Fraternal Greetings, ment want; a chance to see their attributed in September 1969. goddam job. trim, Fermanagh, Armagh), have a rich Marxist tradition and new the cop? An aristocrat? And with ‘our’ college. Thus on Sunday, mem­ DWARVES OF KING’S political police reserves, and British In order to ensure the continuity WILLIAM M. GURVITCH. generations of socialists in many whom do all the workers viewing bers of the executive could be seen (now renamed People’s College). long history of political repression. troops if necessary, to destroy the of the Prize, we are inviting con­ the demonstration empathize? One P. S. I am an American whose trip in the upper windows, and Sir King’s College Catacombe, Since 1924 the Unionist Govern­ Republican movement before it can countries. As a way of furthering tributions to a permanent Fund, wrongly glorifies the cop when treat­ here coincided unintentionally with Hackett ascended, with binoculars The Strand rebuild its popular support to hit the task to which he was dedicated, either by donation or by Bankers’s ing him as a political enemy. If this the demonstration. ment there have given the police back at them. Republicans appeal the signatories of this letter have Order to be addressed to The Isaac wide powers to “Maintain order”. to all people who value their demo­ agreed to institute an Isaac Deuts­ Deutscher Memorial Prize, Lloyd’s To give some idea of these powers cratic rights to help them fight a Bank, 68 Warwick Square, London, machine built and succoured on cher Memorial Prize to be awarded the Royal Ulster Constabulary have, S. W. 1. forty years of repression, violence, each year to a work which contri­ OCTOBER 27 - IV VARIATION ON A THEME we will just mention some of the WOLFGANG ABENDROTH vested business and religious in­ butes to the development of Marxist PERRY ANDERSON more important of them. They have tolerance. If people are prepared to thought. Dear Comrade, refuse it without losing almost as Dear Black Dwarf, workers can’t present a united front LELIO BASSO Your latest issue makes the im­ the right to arrest anyone without a fight for Vietnamese freedom here The Prize, to the value of £100, Congratulations on your truly much by the refusal as by the now this doesn’t mean this can E. H. CARR portant emphases. Our task today is why have they not raised a voice will be awarded by a jury drawn massive part in the demonstration. ‘granting’. Should we not see to never be done. Moreover, in reality warrant. Hold them without charg­ TAMARA DEUTSCHER not revolution but the development against a government within their from among the sponsors. The jury That control of the streets does not POSE THIS QUESTION OF AC­ and in the spirit of Marcuse, the ANDRE GORZ of ideological awareness and critique ing them. Imprison them indefinitely own state longer in power than will consider works published or necessarily require offensive (as CESS TO THE MASS MEDIA prospects for revolutionary change CHRISTOPHER HILL of bourgeois mystification, the radi­ without any recourse to the courts, Salazar or Franco or the Greek submitted in typescript. It is also opposed to defensive) violent action ALL THE TIME? The CP, the sane have never been brighter. Nothing ERIC HOBSBAWM calisation of students and workers, military dictators which needs the proposed to connect the award, was wonderfully proven. The grow­ non-CP left groups, and even the more is needed than a change in let alone a trial. Suppress any DAVID HOROWITZ political organisation and mobilisa­ Special Powers Act, an armed whenever possible, with a lecture ing unity between the various parties INsane ones, for that matter, we mental attitude, a psychological newspaper, periodical, film, record MONTY JOHNSTONE tion. police force and British troops to by the recipient of the Prize. Type­ and groups of the left is of such must GET ACROSS TO PEOPLE, breakthrough - the self-confidence etc., they consider “subversive”, MARCEL LIEBMAN The p o in t about ‘revolution’ “maintain” order. scripts should be submitted by 1 great importance that I wonder if HAVE THE RIGHT TO BE and determination to challenge capi­ prohibit inquests on prisoners’ RALPH MILIBAND directed against key symbols of May; the award will be made in the any of us at all realise just HOW HEARD. (Many people just don’t talism shown by workers in France. deaths; even arrest anyone acting Republicans need time to or­ PAUL M. SWEEZY authority and centres of power significant it is in this country? In realise that we are being kept, as far Such a liberation totally transforms in a way “prejudicial to the preser­ ganise, build suport, fight back and carried out by a minority (though beat this machine. You can give ft this country, the state machine rules as possible off the BBC and out of the situation. Once workers realise vation of peace or maintenance of the press — except under adverse, interesting as a revelation of the to them. by manipulation of the mass media that to take part in wage and pro­ order in Northern Ireland and not lengths people will go to preserve ‘in the dock’, slanged-at conditions. ductivity bargaining with a manage­ specifically provided for in the COMPENDIUM BOOKS much more than in any other coun­ private property) is not merely that try. Take their monopoly of the If we can sap away at the mental ment which, supported by govern­ the regulations. -ACTIVATE YOUR OWN OR­ NEW BOOKS - POETRY - MAGAZINES - CONSTRUCTS - POLITICS - under modern conditions they will POSTERS - RECORDS _ POETRY READING condition among our people which ment and mass media, holds most of BRITISH & N. BBC, ITV, press, etc. away from certainly be ineffective and through GANISATIONS ON THE BAN. AMERICAN SMALL PRESS EDITIONS — can be summarised: WF are a the cards and all of the information How far this Act has been suc­ them even to the extent of—say— the use of violence enable the mass 240 CAMDEN STREET, N. W. 1. ‘democracy’ then the main plank of is itself a form of deference and cessful in the maintenance of law 10% and they are on the slippery media to drive a wedge between - MAKE SURE IT IS TAKEN TO the ruling class mystique is shot — that occupation is not merely a more and order can be seen in the record slope down. students and radical intellectuals at the dyke is open. . . what ‘they’ are effective form of industrial action of political disturbance in the Six THE HIGHEST EXECUTIVE The press went out on a limb, and the very moment when we want to pleased to call (and get a response; but a less expensive one, then the Counties which far exceeds any­ AUTHORITY OF YOUR OR­ despite their cant and howls they build bridges between them, but that ‘senseless violence’ only strengthens world changes. But occupation will thing in Britain (though the Act is BLACK can’t disguise the fact that it was they are irrelevant and contrary to GANISATION. PANTHER FILM SHOW that mystique. What our enemies only work when the majority of so comprehensive that it is virtually sawn off — precisely because what the spirit of Marxism. welcome we don’t. workers are behind it; otherwise the impossible not to commit an PARIS PULLMAN SUNDAY DECEMBER 8th 11 p. m. they’d wanted to happen — didn't. Marxism emphasises that in a - CONTACT LOCAL REPUBLI­ government of the day will be able offence under it, at “police discre­ (Doubt if they can be relied upon to Anyway, modern industrial society these CANS SO THAT WE CAN Tickets 10/- each available from The Black Dwarf, 7, Carlisle Street to divide the labour movement and tion” of course). Now the police LONDON, W.1. Proceeds will be sent to the Eldridge Cleaver Defence make the same mistake next time). all the best mate. . . superstructural institutions, political, feel justified in using force. have used the Act to ban Irish Re­ JOINTLY PLAN A CAMPAIGN KEN GEERING financial or whatever have no auto­ Committee. If the struggle for unity reache sa Given the appropriate situation, publican Clubs. They have already nomous life of their own, they are AGAINST IT. certain stage then the establishment Editor, Breakthru International with widespread worker take-overs, banned (The United Irishman) the dependent on the productive forces will not be able to refuse across-the- Poetry Magazine, 38 Penn Crescent, the use of force by the government, official republican paper even in society and therefore to imagine - FIGHT POLICE REPRESSION: TWO FILMS ON THE SAN FRANCISCO PANTHERS AND THEIR board TV panels and so on — or not Haywards Heath, Sussex. whatever you rightly say about our though it is sold legally in the rest STRUGGLE AGAINST THE RACIST CALIFORNIAN POLICE that they are indeed central is to DENIAL OF POLITICAL FREE­ ‘non-violent traditions’, is not only of Ireland and in England. The Re­ fall precisely into the trap of publican Clubs have ignored the * DOM IN THE UNITED KING­ bourgeois thought. unthinkable but certain to fail. Still, as socialists we must insist that the ban and now a battle has been DOM. Virtually all socialists, whatever Labour Government take steps to joined between the police and re­ XMAS IN VORSTERLAND their differences, accept that revolu­ publicans. Police search republican tionary change in society can only democratise a n d civilianise th e - YOUR ACTION CAN AND WILL DIRECTORY OF LITTLE Army, so that it is clearly under­ homes (they don’t need a warrant) come about with the participation of AFFECT BRITISH POLICY IN Sir, of some of these South Africans is stood that this force is to be used they seize minute books of meet­ MAGAZINES the working class and much has The fourth edition of this invalu­ Large basement room under new May we invite your readers to available from our office. We also only against an external aggressor, ings, they ban meetings. Repub­ THE SIX COUNTIES. been made of apathy there. The able catalogue is now available and send Christmas or New Year greet­ have a short list of some of the and never, under any circumstances licans defy bans on meetings, sell shop 20’ x 15’, good lighting, large number of Rhodesians who problem is particularly real since lists hundreds of avant-garde and ings to some of the many South against our own people in defence the “United Irishman”, and go to Anyone prepared to give support students who have been creamed off revolutionary publications throughout available for readings, meetings, Africans who have husbands, sons are in political detention without of capitalism. The responsibility for prison. through the educational process into this campaign contact: - the world. or daughters in prison, or who are trial. the use of violence will be there. the middle class have to recognise The Republican Clubs in the Six group practice, etc. Cheap hourly under house arrest, banned or in Yours faithfully, SEND 15/- TO DEP T DEM that at present any attempt on their Counties are fighting for survival. If THE BLACK DWARF banishment because of their opposi­ S. ABDUL Yours etc., S. COLLINS. rates, any time of day. Phone 485 part to radicalise workers would they are beaten the movement will 7 CARLISLE STREET tion to apartheid. DAVID MORSE 48 Haughton Rd., 8944. Anti-Apartheid Movement, meet with resentment and suspicion. be driven underground and the LONDON W.1 A list with names and addresses 89 Charlotte Street, W1 ■ University of Sussex, Falmer, forces of "order” will have won. But just because students an d Brighton. Handsworth, 0 1 . 734 4827 The Republican movement in B'ham. 4 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 8 The image of a black para military organisation, disciplined, trained, heavily armed, highly motivated, completely dedicated to the destruction of the status quo, is a prominent feature of the contemporary American nightmare, and aided by a less than precise media, many white Americans have nothing but bad dreams and misapprehensions to draw on when forming their opinions of who and what the Black Panther Party is. Not that they are entirely in error, or that such an organisation does not exist (at least in embryonic form) or that it is not a real threat to the established order. Of course it is. But what­ ever actual threat the Black Panther Party possess does not come from their force of arms but from the potential power they are acquiring and from the actual political influence they currently are applying in pursuit of their announced intention to force a revolution in America.

Frey was lying dead in the street

Panthers do shoot back

Members were photographed

It took them a few moments to realize

Armed invasion of state capitol

Making contact

I’d a been a dead cat Stephen Schneck

In 1965, Huey Newton and Bobby ciation or a group of hunters oppo­ Authority probably is not entirely described as a minor vehicle code could get a fair trial anywhere in Darnell and Jenson got out of their first he tore off the rest of his Cleaver later asked and then an­ swered, “ It was murder in the Seale, two young residents of West sing government control of the incorrect. Cleaver is a threat to violation, the reason given for America. car to investigate and were caught clothes. Oakland’s black ghetto (a suburb citizen’s right to bear arms, it is present authority. The threat, how­ Frey’s stopping the Volkswagen “We go out buck naked,” he told coldest blood. It was murder, mur­ A motion by the Defence claim­ in a whitering cross fire. Officer of San Francisco) got together with doubtful whether there would have ever, does not come from the gun that Newton was driving. young Hutton. “ And then the pigs der, murder. ” ing that the juries are made up Jensen was superficially wounded. some friends and neighbours and been such a fuss. But these were the Cleaver doesn’t carry, it comes According to the testimony of can’t claim they shot us because Very slowly the truth is trickling mainly of middle class, middle Darnell radioed for help. formed an organisation to police black men with guns and the im­ from a mind that in many ways Officer Hubert Heanes, the back-up they thought we had a gun. ” out, and not only the Panthers are aged moderately successful white Miraculously or providentially, the police. Taking their name from pact of their arrival in Sacramento resembles the mind of another man, before an Alemedia Grand But Hutton was too inexperien­ saying, Murder? Murder? Yes, mur­ citizens who cannot be expected help appeared almost instantly. a cadre that had been created in was absolutely stunning. black, ex-convict, Malcolm X. More Jury investigating the case last ced, too shy, he was only 17, and der! to render an unbiased verdict, has Dozens of battle ready policemen the South to protect civil rights dig­ and more, Cleaver is becoming the November, he arrived at the scene took off his shirt but couldn't bring The Autopsy surgeon reported to From every corner and cubby­ been denied by trial Judge. suddenly materialized, not only nitaries, the B la ck Panthers foremost strategist of America’s in time to hear gunfire. Frey was himself to take off his pants too. the Alemedia County Grand Jury hole of the building, reporters and In Oakland, the leaders of the from Oakland Police Force but followed patrol cars through the black liberation movement. His dead, lying in the street; Heanes There was no time for Cleaver to that one bullet hit Hutton’s left arm, cameramen came running. Photo­ main Panther Party were singled from the community next door to ghetto. When police stopped blacks comprehension of the subtle forms himself was slightly wounded, but convince him, they had to get out another traversed the back from the graphers preceded the Panthers, out for very special attention. The West Oakland, Emeryville. on the street for questioning, the of political power constitute a very he managed to fire a few bullets right away. side and passed through the abdo­ taking pictures of them as they wal­ Panthers were growing in number One of the many odd details re­ Panthers would stop behind them serious threat to those who claim before he lost consciousness, and Cleaver yelled that they wanted minal sector; two bullets hit him in ked down the unfamiliar corridors and in influence. Not only were lating to the April 6th shoot-out, and observe the conduct of the exclusive power, and it is no great a short while later, according to to surrender, and the order came both legs below the buttocks, and of their State’s capitol. The Pan­ they making contact with other was the Emeryville cops taking part police toward the black citizen. surprise that police officials and other witnesses, Huey Newton tur­ back for them to throw their guns one struck his head in the left thers, not knowing their way angry black citizens, and establish­ in the battle. It is almost always When police arrested a black, the prison authorities want him out of ned up at Kaiser Hospital with four out first. temple area. around, thought they were follow­ ing alliances with other militant necessary to make special arrange­ Panthers would take it upon them­ circulation: to what extremes they bullets in his abdomen and one in According to Cleaver’s affidavit, ing the photographers in front of black organisations, but they had ments before calling in men from selves to advise the suspect of his have gone to get him back behind his thigh. He received all the com­ “ I was unarmed but I wished I did them. Naturally, the photographers formed a coalition between them­ other municipalities to assist local legal rights and offer whatever bars will be detailed further on. forts usually accorded suspected have a gun. . . ” Hutton had a rifle, MOON MAN under the impression that the Pan­ selves and the predominantly white police. In this instance, however, assistance they could towards Suffice to say, at this point, that it cop-killers; In fact, one witness at Cleaver took it from him and tos­ thers knew where they were going Peace and Freedom Party, a newly the speedy assistance offered by A Police Officer testifying before raising bail or obtaining counsel. is largely due to Cleaver’s efforts the investigation, Miss Corrine sed it through the window at the kept backing up, eventually leading formed independent political orga­ Emeryville officers seems to sug­ that same Grand Jury, said that Huey Newton, the Panther leader, that the influence of the Black Pan­ Lenord, a real angel of mercy, in­ rear of the burning basement. Then the Panthers onto the floor of the nisation which is on the California gest that arrangements had already some twelve to fifteen shots were had, In addition to a prison record, ther Party has spread beyond the limping and leaning heavily on Assembly. It took them only a few dicates that Newton received this ballot this year. Panther Minister been made. fired at Hutton after someone (not a year of law school, and was care­ Oakland ghetto, not only into other Hutton’s arm, Cleaver and Bobby seconds to realize their error treatment even before anyone knew of Information, Eldridge Cleaver, However, it happened, It unques­ further identified) shouted, “Watch ful not to Interfere or impede legi­ ghettos, but into the more radical that an officer had been shot and came out. Cleaver had shotgun (they’d been looking for the public was largely responsible for bring­ tionably did happen. Something out, he’s got a gun! ” The Officer timate police activity, but he and and even to the liberal elements of killed. pellets in his leg that prevented gallery, upstairs) and when they ing his Panthers into white happened. Someone was shooting. said that he fired twice himself at his brothers were not at all hesi­ the white community. him from moving very fast. did, they immediately withdrew. It America’s political arena. This Someone started it. And in a mat­ Hutton from a distance of approxi­ tant about displaying their less than The back of the basement let out all happened so quickly that most After the great armed invasion of alliance marked the first associa­ ter of two or three minutes some mately four feet. loving attitude toward the police, ACUTE DISTRESS onto a short alleyway. There were of the legislators never noticed the State capital, Newton ordered tion between the grass roots of the fifty officers were on the scene all Similar testimony, including who, in Oakland at least, have police in the window of the house them, and those who did were un­ the Panthers to stop carrying their black community, the brothers on ready to finish it. A two block area some that seemed to indicate some never attempted to deceive the Miss Lenord was at the Kaiser next door, and more police on the der the impression that cameramen guns in public. “ Ninety per cent, of the block, and the white radicals was cordoned off, and officers suspicion that the Black Panthers citizen regarding their likes and Hospital emergency desk when sidewalk, less than 15 yards away. had disrupted the Assembly which, the reason we carried guns in the who haven’t quite given up yet on commenced firing at a two storey had attempted to ambush the Oak­ dislikes of this group or that mino­ Newton arrived, apparently alone. On this point, both police and in a way, was really the truth. first place, ” Newton told a reporter, the electorial system. Not a serious frame house at 1218 - 18th Street. land police and had laid a trap on rity. She testified that she, “ heard a Panther testimony concur. Every­ “ Was for educational purposes. We threat in terms of numerical power It was reported that some Panthers 28th street which the two officers, However, the truth is not our pri­ moaning and a groaning, and I one agrees that Cleaver and Hutton set an example. ” at the voting polls, the alliance be­ tad taken refuge inside. The cops Darnell and Jensen, had fallen into. mary concern; what actually hap­ went over and it was. . . this were completely surrounded. Said Bobby Sealle, whose part in riddled the shabby wooden struc­ Apparently no one on the Grand NO LONE RANGER pened is more pertinent. This is Negro fellow was there. He had tween militant blacks and dissident the Sacramento affair cost him six ture. They poured a couple of thou­ Jury, at this point, exclaimed, what happened. After withdrawing been shot in the stomach. , . . I whites could in time, conceivably Now this affection was recipro­ months in prison, “ It was never the sand rounds i nto the house during “Fantastic!” But many informed from the assembly floor the Pan­ asked him if he belonged to K aiser, create a dangerous block of con­ cated by the Panthers, who not intention of the Panthers to police siderable strength. Such a block the 90 minute siege. It was not BOBBY AND THE PIGS persons not on the Grand Jury feel thers, feeling that they had made and he said, “Yes, yes. Get a only acted as witnesses for sus­ the streets of West Oakland by our could be construed as a menace to known how many bullets the Pan­ that something less than “ the their point, left Sacramento and doctor. Can’t you see I’m bleeding? pects improperly arrested, but who own force of arms. We just wanted the rules by which this Nation is thers fired back, but it has been They were ordered to sit down meaningful inquiry that is needed headed back to Oakland. One of I’ve been shot. Now get a doctor dramatized their opposition to to let the brothers on the block find run (for whose benefit? ) and those established that they did return on the pavement with their hands to allay public mistrust, ” was con­ the cars broke down and a High­ out here. ” And I asked him if he police tactics in the ghetto by out what was happening. We are in power pressed even harder: police fire. There seems to be no on their heads. They followed the ducted by this Grand Jury, who way Patrolman spotted them sitting had his Kaiser card, and he got openly carrying weapons, in accor­ saying that we want every black effects to discredit and destroy the doubt about the fact, the Panthers order and then according to called no witnesses to the slaying in a gas station; he radioed for quite upset at this and said, ‘Come dance with California laws, but in brother to put a shot gun in his on, get a doctor out here. I’ve been Panthers were intensified. do shoot back. Cleaver’s affidavit, "... an army other than police officers, and no assistance and the carload of Pan­ (“The nature of the Panther, ” one was permitted to cross exa­ direct defiance to police practices. house. We are saying that’s neces- shot. ' and I said, I see this, but you On April 6th this year, two days of pigs ran up from the street and thers were arrested, not because Seale had previously told many Not that the Panther’s guns were sary. We are saying we need to are not in any acute distress. . . ” after the assassination of Dr. Martin started kicking and cursing us, but mine them. they’d broken the law but because crowds, “ Is not to go hunting for just for show. The willingness of protect ourselves from police pro­ A doctor did eventually appear, Luther King, this country was rag­ were were beyond feeling any pain. Despite the one sided nature of a car full of armed black men must trouble. But if you back a panther the Panthers to use their guns was tection. That’s all. ” but he refused to treat Newton un­ ing, literally burning. Federal troops The pigs told us to stand up and the testimony, the Grand Jury had be illegal, reasoned the Highway into a corner and don’t give him a probably the major factor in the til police arrived to strap and occupied twenty-one cities, includ­ Little Bobby helped me to my feet. no trouble reaching an unanimous Patrol. choice except fight or be killed, discernable drop in police harass­ manacle the Panther leader to an ing Washington, D. C. In some Then the Pigs pointed to a squad- decision. They found, “ Police con­ They held the eight Panthers for he’ll claw you to pieces. He won’t ment during the period when the operating table. A press photogra­ seventy-two cities, police worked car in the middle of the street and duct in the death of Robert Hutton a week while they searched for a quit till he rips out your heart, even Panther patrols were operating in pher managed to get a picture of overtime quelling “ disturbances” , told us to run for it. I couldn't run was lawful” . statute to fit the situation. Finally, “We made if it kills him.” This somewhat Eight Panthers were indicted, West Oakland. Newton on the table. The photo containing the rebellious ghettos, because of my foot, but they snat­ one legal eagle-eye spotted an 1874 keeping the violence from spilling exaggerated description of the ched Little Bobby away from me each on two counts of attempted The response by the Oakland was published and it provoked this ruling on which the State built a people aware over and crossing into the white noble panther had overtones of and shoved him forward, telling murder, except for Eldridge Clea­ Police Department lends weight to response from an Oakland sur­ case charging the eight with con­ part of town. pathos when juxtaposed with the him to run for the car. It was sick­ ver, who was given an extra count the Panther position. Rather than geon, writing a letter to the editors spiracy to disrupt the assembly that they have “Throwing rocks and bottles is statement made by a Black Panther ening. . . Little Bobby coughing on both charges, and was returned establishing or opening an avenue of this local paper. Dr. Mary Jane proceedings. The fact that the dis­ very irrelevant to the revolution, ” who was among those trapped, and choking from the tear gas. . . to prison as a parole violator. No through which black Americans Aguilar wrote: ruption was entirely inadvertent the right to counselled Seale and his Panther pushed into the narrowest of cor­ stumbled forward, best he could, hearing was held to determine could seek redress for grievances "I can remember nothing in my and they left as soon as they rea­ officers. “Don’t let the cops set you ners, actually given no choice at and when he had travelled about whether in fact he was a violator. against the police, the departments medical training which suggested lised their mistake was not consi­ carry guns” up to get killed. Don’t start no all, once the hail of police bullets ten yards from me, the pigs cut The Oakland police had failed to mounted a campaign to destroy the that in the care of an acute abdo­ dered mitigating circumstances. trouble. Go home. When it comes cut loose. loose on him with their guns. And kill him, but the Adult Authority did Panther Party. Members were minal injury severe pain and hae­ Neither was it considered news­ to revolution, spontaneity is not then they turned back to me. . . ” the next best thing, they just threw photographed. Descriptions and morrhaging are best treated by worthy. where it’s at! ” Cleaver swears that the only him back in jail without troubling license numbers of Panther cars said Newton with some pride. As a manacling the patient to the exam­ Though their appearance in Sac­ One excellent measure of the reason he is alive today is because to make any case for their conten­ were noted and posted in station matter of fact, the media must get ining table in such a way that the ramento was front page next day Black Panther’s worth Is the influ­ too many people were watching tion that Cleaver had failed to meet houses around the San Francisco some of the credit for spreading back is arched and the belly ten­ all over the country, no paper ence they exert over the ghetto “It was like all the scene. They’d seen Hutton gun­ the conditions of his parole. It Bay area. Panthers were regularly the fame of the Panthers through­ sed. Yet this is precisely the pic­ printed a word about the simple youth. These youngsters, in their ned down and when the police tur­ would seem that certain authorita­ out the country, making black ture of current emergency room stopped and almost always cited little mistake that brought the Pan­ teens, are the ones who play the the cowboy and ned to Cleaver the crowd started tive elements really had It in for for minor or imaginary violations people aware of a number of procedure which appeared on the thers onto the sacrosanct floor of largest, most destructive role in yelling and cursing them. Eldridge Cleaver, They got him things. Previous to Sacramento, the front page of a local newspaper. ” of the vehicle code. Warrants were the Assembly for a few momentous the black rebellions. They rarely indian movies A week later, in a letter smug­ any way they could, but, as we capriciously Issued, and Panthers membership of the Black Panther (my emphasis). seconds. Instead the papers fol­ take advice from anyone outside gled out of Vacerville Prison, Eld­ shall see, holding was something Party For Self Defence was rather were continually being picked up lowed the lead of the San Francisco In spite of the unorthodox medi­ their peer group, but the Black I’ve ever seen. ridge Cleaver considered another else entirely. excessively estimated at 50, includ­ on suspicion, held for the maximum Chronicle which gave the story a cal treatment, Newton survived. In Panthers are an exception to the possible explanation. The note, length of time, then released for ing wives and girl friends. In the banner headline: November, 1967, the Almedia rule. Most ghetto kids regard the And I was the addressed to a well known San months following, their membership lack of further evidence, or let out County Grand Jury listened to Panthers with adolescent hero- Francisco newsman, claimed that ACT OF 1870 on bail which co-operative judges increased to at least three hundred. some extremely conflicting evi­ worship. When the word went Indian” he’d survived because he’d deci­ The Panthers claim that they set as high as possible. The police Three hundred visible members, dence from Officer Heanes and ARMED INVASION around that the Panthers were tel­ ded to come out naked. were preparing for a picnic that often broke into the home of Pan­ that is. No one can guess how other witnesses for the Prosecution ling everyone to be cool, the kids “ This decision was based on was scheduled for the next day, an thers, usually late at night, on OF STATE CAPITAL! many invisible Black Panthers are took all of twenty-seven minutes to paid attention and did what the long and continuous observation of affair to raise more money for charges that were less than believ­ lurking under how many black deliberate (actually most of the 27 Panthers advised them to. They Police brought in floodlights, the pigs while imprisoned. Conclu­ Newton’s continually depleted de­ able. Things like a car improperly Nowhere was there evidence skins. minutes was occupied by the com­ went home and there was no riot illuminating the target and the sion: all pigs are homosexuals. . . fence fund. The Oakland police parked, or a traffic ticket that had that the Panthers threatened any­ Like everyone else, revolutiona­ ings and goings of the jury, the in this Bay area. The police were surrounding area, lighting up the When confronted with a naked were well aware of this, not only not been paid, served as the pre­ one or pointed their weapons at ries play the numbers game. Ask a prosecutor, the Court, reporter, and so well prepared to handle the riot little house like a movie set, while male body, totally by surprise, the had they been following Cleaver’s text for kicking In doors and ter­ anyone, or brandished them in a Black Panther how many Panthers the reading of the three count that didn’t take place. a crowd of about two hundred resi­ homosexuals basic impulse is to car for two whole days, but they rorizing the families of Panther dangerous manner. But mere pos­ are in the Party and he'll answer indictment that the Grand Jury had dents from inside the cordoned off caress it. Instead of shooting me, had refused a request for a permit members. session of guns by blacks consti­ with the phrase nicely turned by brought in against Newton charg­ area stood around like a crowd of the Oakland pigs kicked and stom­ that was needed to hold such a tutes an armed threat to many if Malcolm. “Those who know, don’t ing him with murder, kidnapping, At this, the early stage of the GOLD STAR extras. ped my naked body. In those cir­ picnic. Their contention that the not the majority of white Ameri­ say and those who say, don’t and assault with a deadly weapon Black Panther Party’s development, The cops were firing tear gas cumstances, a kick or a stomp can Panthers were ambushing them is cans, the majority of whom would know.” on a police officer. Included in the the problem was a local one, or so It probably isn’t realistic to give cannisters and explosion grenades be interpreted as a caress when actually pretty funny, except for deny that they were racists. “ Huey P. Newton is a political twenty-seven minutes was also an it seemed, and probably it would the Panthers all the credit for to get at the Panthers believed to contrasted with shooting. There the fact that it is really pretty have remained local, eventually to At any event, the Panthers had prisoner in Oakland, California. ” enquiry from the court excusing the keeping the peace in a time of be hiding in the house. were about fifty frantic pigs around revolting. crashed through the reality barrier Police pressure on the Black Grand Jury. Since these proceed­ be controlled by local police, had hysteria, but surely they deserved The police were quite right, at me with their guns in their hands. So many aspects of the Hutton and entered into the province of Panther party built rapidly after the ings alone would normally take it not been for the remarkable at least a gold star. Instead they least two Panthers were taking re­ Had just one of them been killing and subsequent investigation myth. Their image was set in the Sacramento publicity. Panthers more than 27 minutes, the infe­ grasp of sophisticated public rela­ got something I don’t think they fuge at 1218 - 18th street. ‘straight’, I’d be a dead black cat. ” are unsavoury; literally stinking. public’s mind. charge they were subjected to un­ rence is that the Grand Jury devo­ tions techniques demonstrated by were expecting. Or put it another In the basement Eldridge Cleaver “ Best regards, The order was so bad that the U.S. lawful arrests illegal searches and ted no time at all to judicious Huey P. Newton, early in 1967, Among those eight arrested and way, say they blundered into a and Bobby Hutton were trying to Eldridge. ” Justice Department finally had to seizures of their property (mainly review of the extremely tenuous when he despatched two carloads held in Sacramento was Eldridge reception that was there, waiting flatten themselves out on the ce­ It is difficult to say with much act on a demand from 10 profes­ their guns) and forced entries evidence placed before it. They for them. of armed Black Panthers to the Cleaver, an officer of the Panthers, ment floor, holding their breath certainty how much of that is true sors of law who charged that the without warrants were made into merely left the room and then retur­ State Legislature in Sacramento. on parole. Cleaver was not carrying Alf the facts are not yet avail­ while police bullets whistled and how much is Cleaver, using Grand Jury had been grossly dere­ their homes. Panthers say that ned with their considered verdict: Ostensibly, the Panthers had any weapons, he was armed only able, but enough bits and pieces through a beaverboard partition his literary talents to insult his mor­ lict in failing to conduct a more police on many occasions man­ in other words there was no con­ come to lobby against the Mulford with his press card. He’d come to are beginning to float up to the less than a foot above their heads. tal enemies. Nevertheless, it is a extensive inquiry. The Justice handled them, threatened them, sideration, but only a rubber stamp Gun Bill, a proposed legislation Sacramento accompanying th e surface, and a general picture is A tear gas cannister scored a fact that just as Cleaver had pre­ Department had no choice but to with guns drawn to lend emphasis Grand Jury going through the for­ forming itself. that would prohibit a citizen from Panthers as an accredited reporter direct hit on Cleaver and his shirt dicted the police claimed they turn the investigation over to the and credibility to these threats. The malities. carrying a loaded weapon within on an assignment from Ramparts We know that at around 9-30 on caught on fire. With Hutton’s help thought Hutton was armed and FBI, under the authority of the Civil situation reached the predictable Such an unavoidable conclusion city limits. The Bill had been pro­ magazine. But the California Adult the evening of April 6th, Officers he stripped his shirt off to deter­ that’s why they shot him. Cleaver, Rights Act of 1870, which made it a crisis, but not the conclusion, on lends weight to the arguments of posed by arch conservative Don Authority, the State's parole board, Nolan R. Darnell and Richard mine whether any part of him was naked except for his socks, could­ Federal crime for public officers to the night of October 28th, 1967. Newton and his attorney, Charles Jensen were in a squad car, driv­ Mulford (R. ), at the instigation of revoked Cleaver’s parole just the smouldering. The tear gas grew n’t be accused of concealing a conspire or to intentionally violate Garry, who maintain that it is im­ Oakland’s mayor, and its police same. As far as they were concer­ Oakland Patrolman John Frey ing through the West Oakland thicker in the basement death weapon so Hutton is dead and the civil rights of a citizen. radioed to Headquarters that he, possible for a black man accused streets, when they spotted a man Chief, and aimed at the Black ned he was and always had been a chamber. Then the police started Cleaver’s alive. Was it latent homo­ Soon we may discover whether of killing a police officer to receive apparently hiding behind a parked Panther Party trouble-maker, an agitator, not to “ had a Panther car. " a backup using tracer bullets, setting the sexuality in the police force or too the FBI thinks the Oakland Police man was immediately despatched, a fair trial in Alemedia County. car. Here the details conflict. Had the Panthers been a delega­ mention the real reason, an all too house on fire, and Cleaver knew many witnesses that saved his life? violated Hutton’s civil rights by tion from the National Rifle Asso articulate dissenter. And the Adult unusual procedure for what police Indeed, if is very doubtful that he According to the police version, that they’d have to get out. But “Was it murder in cold blood? ” shooting him dead. 13. 8 THE BLACK DWARF 5 It’s useless to interpret an entire speech by Nixon. Most of the time he is saying nothing, partly because his brain winces away when it senses a thought approaching, partly because he has a great deal of trouble with his face and is forced to concentrate on his Hammer Films smile. When there is meaning it is concealed in the the Law and Order languageof Eichman. The following savings of Nixon have been taken from recent speeches and passed through the Black Dwarf Translation Computer supervised by Adrian Mitchell. TRANSLATING TRICKY DICKY Nixonese English Nixonese English

I think it is vital that Britain be a WHITE CAPITALISTS SHOULD Let us always respect, as I do, our I HAVE A DREAM. IT IS ABOUT part of Europe. STICK TOGETHER. courts and those who serve on them, ELECTRIC CATTLE PRODS CS but let us all recognice that some of GAS NIGHT-STICKS LONG­ I say the time has come for other WE’RE GOING TO HAVE TO our courts have gone too far in HAIRED AND KINKY-HAIRED nations in the free world to bear PUT A GUARD ON EVERY weakening the peace forces as SKULLS CRUSHED ON their fair share of the burden of ESSO PETROL PUMP IN THE against the criminal forces of this CONCRETE FLOORS AND defending peace and freedom around WHOLE WIDE WORLD. HELP country. POLICEMEN MARCHING the world. OR ELSE. TWENTY FEET TALL. What we’ve got to do is walk softly IF YOU’RE THINKING OF and carry a big stick and we can OPENING YOUR MOUTH, OPEN There is no mystery about what THE POOR HAVE PERMISSION have peace in this world. IT WIDE, BECAUSE WE’RE causes inflation. It springs from the TO ROT. GOING TO DROP A BOMB desire of politicians to bestow upon IF THIS IS NOT IN IT. the people more favours than the ENOUGH, WE WILL CONCEDE people are prepared immediately to THEM THE RIGHT TO BE You can’t run away from the commit­ LETS MURDER ALL THE pay for. KILLED. ment, tell the enemy you want to, VIETNAMESE. I AM THE then negotiate a surrender that will FATHER OF TWO DAUGHTERS. bring home these 21-year-old boys Rather than more millions on welfare IN ORDER TO HELP THE POOR, . . . and before long they’ll be out rolls, let’s get more millions on I WILL GIVE MONEY TO THE fighting someplace else, and I’m not payrolls in the United States. I will RICH. going to have that happen. initiate programmes in which the Federal government will provide tax Unless Israel maintains the balance WHITE CAPITALISTS SHOULD credits and other incentives to of power, Israel’s neighbours who STICK TOGETHER. train the unemployed. are bent on driving Israel into the sea will embark on a war of revenge. I eat proteins: I eat a lot of cheese. COTTAGE CHEESE IS WHITE I would withhold aid from any WE DON’T NEED TO CONQUER I eat cottage cheese until it runs out LIKE ME. country which directly or indirectly THE WORLD. LET’S BUY IT. of my ears, and one thing I do that KETCHUP IS RED LIKE MY was providing aid and assistance to makes it not too bad is I put ketchup BLOOD. any enemy of the United States. on it. I learned it from my I AM A RED-BLOODED WHITE grandmother. MAN. Let those who have the responsibility THE BLACKS ARE HUMAN to enforce our laws, and our judges BEINGS. THIS ENTITLES THEM who have the responsibility to TO THE RIGHT TO BE What has to be done, has to be done I AM A LIAR. interpret them, be dedicated to the OPPRESSED. by President and people together, great principles of civil rights. But or it won’t be done at all. let them also recognise that the first civil right of every American is to The reason there are going to be I’M A HYPOCRITE AND PROUD be free from domestic violence. And some Texans in my Administration OF IT. that right must be guaranteed in . . . is because there are a lot of this country. brains in this state. And I am not And to those who say that law and AND TO THOSE WHO SAY saying this because I am on a Texas order is the code word for racism, THAT BASH THE BLACKS radio programme. here is our reply: “Our goal is MEANS BASH THE BLACKS, justice, justice for every American. If HERE IS OUR REPLY: “BASH In spite of what has happened in BETTER BOMB CHINA BEFORE we are to have respect for law in THE BLACKS”. central Europe, peace in the world IT’S TOO LATE. WILL SOME­ Ammerica, we must have laws that must ultimately depend upon an BODY PLEASE LOOK UP deserve respect. ’’ understanding with the Soviet Union. CHINA ON THE MAP? California’s grapes of wrath The chair of Sociology Elaine Elinson John Spitzer

“Viva la Huelga! ” is the cry dubious process, and the farm wine and farm workers travelled been without success: US grape which symbolises the straggle of workers have sought other from California to picket stores consumption has been cut by Maintaining The hot and America’s one million migrant methods to gain union recogni­ that sold the wine. In the sum­ twenty per cent in the last year. tion. At every move, they have mer of 1966, the fruit of the Major cities such as Boston and the cool cold seat farm labourers to free them­ been countered by California’s boycott was reaped: ten major New York are almost clear of selves from the economic and six-billion-dollar-a-year agricul-tu wine grape growers signed con­ California grapes, and many social slavery they have endured ral industry and the reaction­ tracts with the unions. While large chain stores now refuse to since before the days of John ary practices of California’s four of these companies were handle them. Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath. state government. After refusal struck, and signed only after a The growers, it seems, have Presently centered in California, of the growers to hold union long and bitter economic one last recourse in their efforts the heart of the nation’s agricul­ representation elections, even straggle, six of the contracts to smash the Union: the foreign tural industry, the United Farm after eighty per cent of their were negotiated on the basis of market. In 1967 over one-third Workers Organising Committee workers had signed u n io n proof that the union represented of the grapes were exported; the (UFWOC), under the leadership authorisation cards, the first the workers, without work stop­ quantity will surely increase this You can’t write essays about they’re the most respectable. of Mr. Cesar Chavez, himself a tactic of the UFWOC was a page or picketing. year. (Within the last three David Wise’s art; you have to See, up top there. I’ve got Walt migrant fang worker, and with strike against specific growers. The union then turned to years, South Vietnam has risen sit in it and talk about it. Whitman Rostow (formerly of the support of the AFLCIO The effects of the strike were California’s largest agribusiness, from the 17th largest importer the Massachusetts Institute of “What’s that, man? ” demands (equivalent to the English TUC), soon negated as the growers the table grape industry, whose of fresh grapes to the 3rd Technology, now in the State a sharply dressed, bereted black is attempting to end the dis­ filled the fields with scab labour, combined farms employ over largest). Efforts are therefore Department) dropping bombs kid. “That’s art, brother, ” his criminatory practices which imported unknowingly from sixty-five thousand workers at being made to internationalise on the Vietnamese. Durkheim friend hisses. “Don’t you know have excluded farm workers Mexico for the Specific purpose peak season The first boycott the boycott. England, as the and Weber are up there as the art when you see it? ” “Man, I from all pieces of major labour of breaking the strike. Under a was of grapes of the Giumarra largest importer of US grapes in king and queen of sociology. don’t know anything about art, legislation (including minimum federal immigration act, alien Corporation. This twelve thous­ Europe, is a prime target. Hope­ They were the ones at the but that’s far out. ” wage and child labour laws) and immigrants cannot enter the and acre ranch, with over 12 fully, there will be enough sup­ beginning of the century who to bring the owners of the huge United States for employment million dollars gross profit a port from labour unions to black “That” is The Chair of put sociology on a really re­ agribusinesses to the bargaining where there is a certified labour year, (who received in 1967 a at least one major shipment of Sociology, 14 feet of bronze, spectable footing. But down table, where they will agree to dispute. However, the reaction­ 250,000 dollar government sub­ US grapes, if not the entire filagreed with a blowtorch, in­ there in hell, there’s Karl Marx; deal with a union which repre­ ary judges of California’s legal sidy for not planting and “con­ export cargo. If this can be laid with stained glass, and he’s the biggest devil of all. He sents agricultural workers. system have ruled that there are serving soil”), has been particu­ effected, the California growers strewn with an assortment of 85 said the task of sociology wasn’t The struggle is a difficult one: no labour disputes at the struck larly infamous for economically will be forced to acknowledge rough human forms, each one just to interpret the world, it the single most important reason farms, and thus labour flows in exploiting their thousands of that the Union has international bearing a name. Presently on was supposed to change it too. is that the National Labour Re­ freely. When at times this proves workers. As the boycott received recognition and support - this exhibit in the lobby of the And Mao and Trotsky, way lations Act, (NLRA) which is difficult, the growers have em­ nationwide support, Giumarra acknowledgement will hopefully Student Union at the University down there in the comer - regarded as a bill of rights for ployed inmates in the state sales dipped sharply. Rather be serious enough to bring them of California at Berkeley, it is they’re the worst, because they industrial workers, specifically prisons to work the fields, the than recognise the union, how­ to the bargaining table: soon to be shipped for display asked Robert Merton, a profes­ val artists used to arrange their actually did change it. excluded agricultural workers first time in the history of the ever, the Corporation chose to That will be the beginning of at Brandeis University in Wal­ sor of sociology at Columbia. altarpieces in a sort of hier­ “And you see there in the from its provisions. This means California penal system that use illegal means to retaliate. the end to the last fight for union tham, Massachusetts. The Chair No one could discover an ex­ archy, with the angels in heaven, middle, that’s Freud in purga­ that employers are under no convicts have been allowed to Four months after the boycott recognition in the United States. is the biggest effort yet by planation for David’s placement the saints and humans on earth tory. He said some pretty un­ obligation to bargain collectively participate in a commercial began, Giumarra began shipping Farm workers will at last be sculptor David Wise, second- of individual sociologists, but and the demons down below. respectable things about human with their employees, even if enterprise. Finally, the farm his grapes out under one hun­ free from the exploitation of year graduate student at UC and professors climbed all over The Everyone had his place in the nature, but on the other hand he everyone of them has signed a workers have recently had many dred other labels, lent to him huge corporations which keep a teaching assistant in sociology. Chair looking for their own cosmos. Just the same way justified a lot of kinds of repres­ union authorisation card. Efforts of their strikes decertified by the by fellow grape growers. The their children hungry and out of Originally sculpted as an un­ names and trying to discover every sociologist has his place in sion as necessary for the preser­ have been made over the past State Department of Employ­ Federal Food and Drug Ad­ school, their lives degraded by solicited, surprise contribution the principle of order in David’s the sociological cosmos. ” vation of society. So he’s atoning two years to amend the NLRA, ment, apparently through the ministration has confirmed and the filth of migrant labour to the 1967 convention of the sociological universe. “But what’s C. Wright Mills for his sins. Wilhelm Reich and passed over thirty years ago, to direct intervention of Governor criticised this practice, but did camps, and their opportunities American Sociology Associa­ The Chair of Sociology elicits doing in hell? ” asks the redhead. Norman O. Brown are below include farm workers: they have Reagan. This has opened the way not stop it. As a result, the absorbed by their below mini­ tion, The Chair caused instant pleasantly bewildered responses “I thought he was a pretty good Freud because everyone thinks met with widespread support. for the Department of Employ­ Union extended its boycott to mum poverty level income. The controversy at its first appear­ in its present resting place at guy. And Frantz Fanon and they’re so way-out and freaky. The bill, sponsored by such ment to refer strikebreakers for include all California table farm workers are not asking ance. UC. “Ooo, ” once little red­ Marcuse, they’re great. ” But Erich Fromm is above him Senators as Kennedy, McCarthy employment to these ranches. grapes. merely for an hourly raise, they “What’s this heaven, earth, headed hippie girl bubbles, “Listen, ” says David, who is because Fromm acts as Freud’s and McGovern, seems to hold These actions, coupled with in­ The nationwide boycott goes are asking that their dignity as purgatory, hell business? ” socio­ “that’s the most beautiful thing as patient as he is talented, “the public relations man. ” a majority in Congress. How­ junctions drastically limiting the on. The growers continue to fill working men be recognised and logists asked one another. I’ve ever seen. It looks like sociological cosmography isn’t “But the whole thing’s upside ever, it has been blocked since right to picket, has left the the fields with scab labour and honoured. As stated in this “Look, ” came a reply, “it’s a something medieval. Can I sit any more rational than the down! ” someone cries out. By its introduction in the Rules workers with no recourse but to counter the effects of the boycott week’s issue of El Malcriado, map of the sociological uni­ in it? But what are all these theological one was back in the now a whole crowd has gathered Committee by the filibuster seek public support for a con­ by employing insidious tech­ the official Union organ, “Our verse.. Some sociologists are in names all over it? ” Middle Ages. In sociology, res­ around The Chair. techniques of Senator George sumer boycott. niques. The latest of these for mission is to work the land until heaven, flying around as angels, “Well, you see, these are all pectability is a much more “Upside down? ” asks David. Murphy, movie star of Cali­ The first national boycott was example, is the injection of food we are tired and collect its fruit and others are in hell depicted sociologists, ” David Wise ex­ important criterion than sociolo­ “Yeah, the bad guys are in fornia and Paul Fannin, land- organised against the wine grape colouring and artificial flavour­ as a reward. We firmly believe as devils. See, there’s Seymour plains to her. David is twenty- gists ever admit. The sociolo­ heaven and the good guys are in owner of Arizona. industry' The union put out ing into seedless grapes and in that mission. . . and we want Martin Lipset up top and there’s three years old, voluble and not at gists up in heaven take the hell. ” The inclusion under federal publicity asking stores and con­ passing them off as maraschino a just price for doing that. . . Herbert Marcuse down there in all ashamed to explain his work. present order as given, and seem “Well, ” says David, “it’s The sumers not to buy California law is, therefore, a long and cherries! ) Still, the union has not we also want what is ours.. . . ” hell. ” “But why am T up there? ” “It is kind of medieval. Medie­ content to leave it that way. So Chair of Sociology. ” 6 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 8

But while he was bringing generals Lessons from Vietnam - operation of the Brazilian army. The revolutionary struggle in Latin from 15 Latin American countries Westmoreland was the featured project would ostensibly dot the America it is difficult to see the up to date on the latest counter­ speaker. His theme was his experi­ area with a communications system advantage of nuclear installations. Westmorland Preaches insurgency warfare tactics and ap­ ences in Vietnam and their applica­ and open it to economic develop­ In a n y event, Westmoreland plauding the “democratic spirit” of tion to Latin America. Nevertheless, ment, but it also gives Uncle Sam a pointed out that among the lessons fraternal American armies, several at least some militants didn’t think pivotal point for observation and he learned in Vietnam was the neces­ Counterinsurgency in Rio thousand youthful demonstrators the U.S. general had the “authority control of subversive activities in the sity to "hide our operations as much outside shouted "Down with im­ to speak about a technique that he centre of the Latin American conti­ as possible from the enemy, ” and perialism! ” and made it known that failed at, ” according to Brazilian nent. the need to construct "what I call a By Alfredo Hopkins they didn’t feel that Latin American Deputy Helio Navarro, who also Since the 1964 military coup, ‘strong nation. ’ ” Translated, that armies are “democratic. ” launched the sensational charge that which was aided and encouraged by means government of most of the They dodged in between more one of Westmoreland’s missions in the U.S., Washington has made no continent by "democratic” militarists Rio de Janiero than 1, 500 well-armed soldiers and Brazil was to “assure the absolute secret of its intention to use Brazil (witness the “elections” of Costa policemcn ( sidetracked assault tanks tranquillity of the rearguard of as a centre of imperialism in Latin Silva, Stroessner, Barrientos, Somo- Gen. William Westmoreland, the U.S. armed forces commander who couldn’t and secret agents, turned over a few North American territory” through America. Reactionary Brazilian za, etc. ) that favour foreign im­ police cars, handed out pamphlets establishment of nuclear bases in militarists have gladly accepted that perialism and dedicate themselves to bring off a victory in Vietnam, extended Washington’s worldwide counter­ to the public, and escaped without Rio Grande do Norte. role. Any doubt about that can be “structural changes” and “social injury. Few people were surprised that the cleared up by consulting General revolution” while freezing workers’ revolutionary warfare to Latin America last month when he told fellow Among other things, the pamphlets government denied the charge, which Golbery do Couto Silva’s analytic wages, suppressing “extremism on pointed out that “General Westmore­ originated from information given book on geopolitics. Minister of in­ the left and the right, ” and assuring generals here that the Guevara revolutionary thesis “represents a real dan­ land, General Meira Matos (Brazil) Navarro by Marshall Floriano de formation in the Castelo Branco economic and political stability. and all the generals that are meeting Lima Brayner, but a certain amount dictatorship and considered a leading Westmoreland talked about psy­ ger for the security and stability of all free people”. here this week are the generals of of suspicion was created by the fact theoretician of the army group now chological and military tactics and the armies of the exploiters and op­ that some of the meetings were so in power, Couto Silva claims Brazil apparently won a lot of ground for He thus gave notice that the tactics being used in Vietnam would be pressors throughout the world. But top-secret that only selected military is destined to be an appendage of the implementation of counter­ a people’s army could defeat them. officials had access to them. Further­ the U.S. and should accept that insurgency strategy in Latin America. used in Latin America to prevent the outbreak of “other Vietnams” on the ... Only the victory of the oppressed more such bases would be con­ status because “there isn’t any other The generals concluded that “the is capable of bringing about a free venient because the U.S. Union alternative for us but to accept it Latin American armies have a pro­ periphery of the United States. He backed that up with a threat to send and just society.” Carbide Corporation, with mono­ and to accept it consciously.” found democratic consciousness and The scene was the eighth Confer­ poly on tungsten mining, has exten­ U.S. gets what it wants a complete dedication to the de­ the U.S. Army to intervene on the side of “fraternal American armies should ence o f American Armies, which last sive operations in Rio Grande. Under such conditions the U.S. can velopment of their people.” They year unsuccessfully tried to create an Another direct U.S. concern is for get and is getting practically every­ also promised to increase indoctrina­ they be faced with aggression”. “Interamerican Peace Force” to the security of a telecommunications thing it believes it needs for the tion and training of troops in rural justify invasions such as that in the system now being set up in the adja­ “strategic” defence of the continent, and urban counterinsurgency warfare Dominican Republic. cent Amazon river area with the co­ although in view of the nature of tactics.

th e trial of Owen Williams: Welsh Patriot Nixon’s brave new men Fiona Armour Brown

The Judge held up his hand for telly. . . only an ache in his heart one day in January, ’68, protesting, said. The Prosecution made a great silence; ‘Just a fninute. Who IS for better things. And the first better for they were not permitted to to-do about this; ‘guilty of possess­ Gwynfor Evans? ’ thing he knows is the integrity of his explain to their families what was ing explosives, ’ he claimed. ‘No, not The whole Court gasped. Everyone, own Land. The cheque was torn up, happening; Robyn had a son ill in morally guilty of jumping bail, ’ from the lawyers to the Commander- under the nose of the Law. bed and, in fact, no one was sent to claimed the Defence. in-Chief of the Free Wales Army; I know some of these men and tell his wife what had become of Another issue was made of the from the policemen filling the aisles, they are neither thugs nor criminals. him. statement he made at Caernarfon to the little old lady in the public They are men of great heart, com­ Robyn was charged with having a Police Station. . . ‘I’ve come to face gallery — all drew in their breath passion, and a sense of urgency who piece of wire in his pocket, they what’s coming. . . ’ said the Defence. Doug Gill with an angry hiss of incredulity. are moved to tears by the sights of called it ‘fuse wire’ (useful for set­ ‘I’ve come to take what’s coming.. ’ You could almost hear them mutter­ Biafra. ting off explosions) I and Ned had a said the Prosecution. And upon the ing to themselves ‘Sham — what right They are also extremely shrewd Colt revolver sold to him by John. translation of one ambiguous Welsh One of the most repellent sights of the Kennedy years was that of the has THAT man to sit here in judg­ in looking after their own skins. It was hanging over his mantle piece, word the Prosecution would have ment on a Welshman, knowing They need to be. They appear to the for all the world to see, not as a had him convicted. scores of intellectuals and liberals who hurried to Washington and lined up nothing? ’ Authorities as stupid, ignorant, real saboteur would have had it, hid­ The Committal trial of Owain Many of us might try and counter easily confused and easily beaten. den away somewhere. Anyway it did Williams was heard on September for jobs, who gravitated towards power wherever it was. They talked tough this blatant Nationalism by saying, But now is the time when these not work (that was why he believed 13th. Arfon Jones, who’d sold the ’But what right has ANY man to under-dogs are getting up and show­ that John was a police plant). gelly to Ned; John, the Anglesey lad; about power, about strategies and winning and losing, and to them “taking sit in judgment on ANY OTHER ing their strong under-hands. During When they got to the Police Robyn and Ned were all called as man, knowing nothing - of his one of the adjournments of this Station they asked for a solicitor. witnesses for the Prosecution. At the out” Hanoi, Paris, or anywhere else was merely a factor to be weighed in heart? ’ trial, in a nearby café, I overheard ‘Have you got family solicitors? ’ start, the Prosecuting lawyer gave a It is no good us utopian socialist one press man say to another. . . ‘What would two working men do brief resumé of his case; what each the balance. idealists ignoring the grass roots of ‘so-and-so, he made a pretty poor with family solicitors? No, of course man was expected to say and so on disaffection wherever they appear, showing’ little knowing that this we haven’t. ’ ‘Well, that’s it, then, ’ . . . and Robyn Jones and Wilkinson They brought with them not only were swept under by the violence “the head of a handful of Jews and Middle Eastern opinion that, despite just because they don’t happen to fit apparently meek and hesitant man they were told, ‘You have to answer will testify that they passed a parcel calculations of how imperialism they helped to create; and the Communists”. the abstention at Suez, the United into our system of ideas. For the had laid the whole plot of how he these questions. ’ And the interroga­ of gelignite from one to the other might most effectively spread, they schemers and dreamers of power, Murphy can be relied on to defend States was no better than Britain Welsh will fight for ‘the nominal and his mate would conduct them­ tion began: In the dark, under a and then to John Jones who then brought weapons harder to blunt. the Rostows and Goldbergs, have American interests, but in a manner a n d France. He cherishes the freedom of their nation state’ selves in court, so that together they bright lamp which burnt the skin off gave it to Williams, etc., etc. Europe was placated by Kennedy’s been borne down by LBJ’s ill-repute. which, in the short term quite manoeuvres which in Guatemala whether the central government in would defeat the connivances and their faces and blinded their eyes. But when it came to the turn of Robyn and Ned they said no such youth and Jacqueline’s charm, the The negroes, the peace movement shrewd, will nonetheless be easier to ousted from power the leftwing London be Capitalist or Communist contrivancies and masses of evidence ‘When this happens, ’ Robyn told thing. So the defence picked up the well-meaning and liberal were have shown what American society combat by those on the left. The Arbenz regime — a move which poli­ or what you will. We should try collected by the prosecution against me, ‘the best thing to do is concen­ trate on a woman; strip her and go scent and made a wreck of the Pro­ seduced by Stevenson’s words, and is really about; the Vietnamese have Cuban adventures of the Kennedy ticised Che, many other South to understand the f e e l i n g of this man Owain Williams. to bed with her, then you can ignore secution’s case when it came to the revealed the limitations of military years could be defended by pointing Americans too. There will be fewer What happened was, that in the poor negroes were assuaged by nationalists, because only together the questions. ’ Ned said, ‘I think of assizes on November 5th. power. Dien Bien Phu has now to the President’s inexperience and grand- and finely phrased schemes - with them can we achieve the January, 1968, a certain ‘Country the expectation of change. Club’ was blown up. The Police my wife and kids. ’ The trial turned out to be four taken place; in Chicago this year. youth, by blaming the armed forces Alliance for Progress, New Frontiers greater personal freedom for every The Kennedy years saw the high thought they knew who did it; The Every hour or so the policeman days long and there was masses of The new Nixon brings only the on the CIA, by stressing the role as — which bemused the European left, individual everywhere, which is what point of American power, when US F.W.A. So they ferreted about until would change for a different one, extraneous detail: a forensic expert stench of the past. The first foreign a conscience which Adlai Stevenson and a return to the more open de­ we are all after. imperialism was hardest to fight. they gathered a bunch of men who the techniques of interrogation claimed to have found minute traces policy appointment he makes, to played; but Nixon and Murphy have ployment of power. Talk of spread­ Threaten men’s homes and their Difficult to talk of racism when the had had meetings together through­ changed too. Apparently this went of nitro-glycerine on Now’s car, less goodwill in the bank than had ing freedom and peace will sound way of life, make them collectively negroes were in turmoil only in the advise him until the moment he is out the Autumn months. Two of them on for three days and nights. During which he’d left at Rhyll when he even Johnson and Rusk. even more hollow, and the Wilson aware of their frustrated hopes, and untypical South; difficult to talk of firmly in power, is Robert Murphy, were known to be members of the this time Robyn was told his son went to London; the police who Murphy will be less concerned government will be placed yet fur­ this, their desire for personal free­ an NLF victory when all was ob­ a name lost sight of since John F.W.A. and Owain Williams who was dying, that he’d never see him searched his home found a stack of with cutting a great international ther out on a limb; Europe will be dom will come to the surface as scured by pacification and rural Foster Dulles. Some rough edges was Vice-President of the National again, that he would be sent to newspaper cuttings, poems, and dash than in intervening in strength less courted, more plainly used. Nationalism; and then they will reform; impossible to talk of social adhere to this man: the story, for Patriotic Front, and there was one Walton Gaol for 9 years unless he letters, all about blown dams, Irish where it can safely be done. No The days of Foster Dulles, with fight. This is what is happening in decay when all believed in the Ad­ instance, that the first time de Gaulle lad of 19, who had apparently wan­ confessed. ‘The words don’t matter, ’ Freedom Heroes and Welsh nation­ soft soap at the United Nations, for ministration’s goodwill. met Roosevelt, during the war, whom Murphy for long closely Wales. ted to join the F.W.A. to ‘strike a he was told. ‘We’ll make them up alist policies.. . . All this they instance, which he regards as no Cofia Dryweryn! Do you remem­ Five years have seen great changes Murphy stood behind drapes with a worked, will be with us again; and blow for Wales’. God knows who for you, you’ll get off scot-free, right claimed was proof of illegal pur­ more than a talking shop. His ber Tryweryn? Back in 1962 an in both substance and style. The gun, ready to shoot down de Gaulle for those who prefer a cop in that boy really was. . . a police now, if you sign here’. But he pose.. . . ‘Ah’ said the Defence ‘if if he attacked the President’s per­ memoirs speak with pride of his English city, Liverpool or Birming­ style is now rancid, the substance is plant? (he had a brother in the thought of his brother’s grave in you have the Morning Star in your son. Certainly true; as also his des­ role in the landings in the Lebanon uniform to one in plain clothes, the ham, needed more water. All the visibly m e ltin g away. Hubert force, and he certainly behaved like Arnhem, he told me, ‘He didn’t die home does that make you a Com­ cription of de Gaulle at that time as ten years ago — which convinced change will be one for the better. valleys on the English side of the Humphrey is a joke; the Kennedys one, but would the police really use for me to do this to him. ’ munist?. . . ’ mountains were labelled ‘beauty- one so young and gawmless? 1 have To Ned they threatened 30 years ‘Alright’, said the Judge. ‘It is clear spots’ (relative to the Black Country my doubts). Or was he considerably in Walton. ‘There’s a place ready for that if this man had explosives it middens) but Tryweryn was just unbalanced? (he is rumoured to you from tomorrow, unless you sign would NOT have been for a lawful another Welsh valley relative to all have spent time in a mental home, this. . . and if you sign this we will the scenic beauties of Snowdonia. purpose. . . but is it established Mozambique Guerillas and his fantastical boasts would give help you. We will protect you from that he had any at all? There is only So, despite the protests and petitions credence to that theory). Or was he the revenge of the other F.W.A. from the local population, the the word of this one lad. ’ a bona-fide innocent who had wanted men, and we will pay off the mort­ Robyn and Ned for their part, re­ government in London ordered that to do something for Wales, but was gage on your house, so you need fused to take the oath. When asked Second Congress • an entire village, which had dwelt, frightened when confronted with never again have any financial wor­ to explain, they told the court about farmed, worshipped, sung its lan­ reality and told all, and more than ries. ’ He refused this ‘help’ as would how the police had handled them guage, and buried its dead for cen­ From 20 to 25 July, 1968, the is now widely representative of the is fought, this struggle will be struggle of the peoples of South all, to the, Police because they bullied any man who called himself a man. when they were arrested. How they turies in that valley, be evacuated. Second Congress of FRELIMO was mass organisations - workers, necessarily protracted. The Con­ Africa, Zimbabwe and South-West him, or because his mother was ill However, somewhere along the had not been allowed a lawyer. How The snug cottages were razed to the held in Mozambique, in a liberated youth, women and students — plus gress decided to intensify the Africa, led by the ANC, ZAPU and and he wanted to get out of it all in line their signatures were obtained. ground, the chapel destroyed and the the statements they had been forced area of Niassa Province. There representatives of the political and mobilisation and the politicisation SWAPO. It hailed the struggle of the easiest way possible? (which is At least they ‘admitted’ to the pos­ whole valley made desolate with to make, under ‘duress’, were null were approximately 170 delegates military structures. The Central of the masses; to recruit elements the Afro-Americans in the United his story). Whatever the truth of the session of ‘fuse wire’ and a gun. and void. flood waters. Now Liverpool has all Then they were allowed out on and observers. The delegates came Committee has now a different of other provinces not yet. affected States, against racial discrimination matter, the jury decided that his T made the same complaint at the water it needs, and all for free; bail; and only then, by their own from all parts of Mozambique - nature. While previously consisting by the armed struggle; to increase and economic exploitation. It hailed word was not to be trusted, and they the last hearing, ’ Robyn said. ‘The they pay nothing for it, while not efforts, did they get hold of a soli­ Lourenco Marques to Cabo Del­ only of the Secretaries of the De­ the number of militias; to amplify the struggle of the Portuguese found Owain Williams ‘Not Guilty’ court promised to give me an ex­ four miles from the pipeline there citor; despite the fact that at the gado - and represented all strata partments and their assistants, and two women’s detachment; and to people against Salazar's fascism. of being in unlawful possession of planation. They have not done so. are still Welsh villages who cannot preliminary hearing, the day after of the Mozambican people — having legislative, executive and apply the policy of clemency to The Congress declared Its solidarity explosive substances. Why not? ’ afford to be put onto the ‘mains’. It must be admitted that Williams they were taken in, they had been workers, peasants, intellectuals and judicial functions, it has now been captured enemy soldiers. with the peoples and governments And Ned said ‘Men have died in The Free Wales Army was formed had a brilliant Barrister defending ‘granted legal aid’ (those words were traditional chiefs. Observers were expanded to about 40 elected mem­ Concerning the administration of of the socialist countries, and en­ two world wars, believing they then, of men whose limit of anger him: one Andrew Rankin, Q.C., but ALL they got! ) also present, including British bers and representatives of mass the liberated zones, It was decided trusted the Central Committee to fought for Justice. Did we have had been reached. even he could have done little to At their own trial then, they got writer and journalist Basil Davidson. organisations, and its function has to consolidate the establishment of intensify the relations between Justice? Tell me!’ And so Tryweryn was blown up. help Williams (named hereafter 2 year suspended sentences. Imme­ The importance of this Congress become strictly legislative. the political and administrative FRELIMO and the socialist coun­ And the Judge made conciliatory Not very effectively, it is true; for it ‘Now’) (a nickname) if the other diately after they were discharged rests on the fact that it is the first power in those regions; to increase tries. noises, and then told them to take The executive function belongs to is hard to collect together enough two witnesses called by the Prosecu­ by the Court, the police took them Congress held in liberated Mozam­ production; to re-populate the At the end of the Congress elec­ the oath and get on with the matter a new organ — the Executive Com­ explosive material from the sources tion had not shown him the way, at away up a back passage and made bique, and the first Congress truly liberated areas by persuading the tions took place. Members of the in hand. mittee — comprising the President available; but enough of a BANG the Committal hearing. them sign new statements. Ones representative of the Mozambican people who sought refuge in the Central Committee were elected. When it came to the crucial ques­ and the Vice-President of FRELIMO, was made to make the whole of The 19 year old, John, alleged that which conflicted with those they had exterior to return to their lands; to Comrades EDUARDO MONDLANE tion of the parcel, Robyn admitted people. The participants at the first and the Secretaries of the Depart­ Britain sit up and wonder—‘What’s Now had phoned him up one day been forced to make while in the uplift the cultural level of the and URIA SIMANGO were re-elected he had had it off Ned.. . . ‘But not Congress, which was held in Dar es ments. A Political and Military all this about? The Welsh? The rat­ and told him to go to the village of cells. Robyn and Ned knew that the Mozambicans by creating more for the posts, respectively, of Salaam in September 1962, were Committee was also created, to ting Welsh? Who have been our Groeslon on November 3rd, ’67, and police would not have a leg to stand gelly, no, it was a gun. A gun which mostly emigrants who had lived out­ schools and t r a i n i n g more President and Vice-President of sycophants for centuries! What do John had tried to sell me; I showed solve urgent political and military FRELIMO. there would be a man, Robyn Jones, on if this little matter were brought side Mozambique for several years- problems in between the ordinary teachers; to better the services of these miserable down and outs, who it to Ned and he sent it back to me.’ The Congress sent a message to who would give him a parcel. He to public notice, and besides they Now, in 1968, nearly all the dele­ meetings of the Central Committee, social assistance; to improve medi­ can hardly speak straight English, wanted to get home badly by then Ned corroborated this statement. His Excellency Julius K. Nyerere, said he took this parcel; inside it gates came directly from their consisting of the President and cal assistance. what do they mean by this cheek? so after a few hours of haggling About the gelly he’d had from President of the United Republic were 13 sticks of gelignite. He was regions in Mozambique, and all of Vice-President, Secretaries of the Regarding external policy, the . . . Of course it is nothing. . . just frightened but took them home, put they signed these statements. Afron. . . ‘it was no good, it was of Tanzania, thanking him, his them are actively engaged in the relevant Departments (Defence, Congress condemned the American a few alienated individuals, a few them into a tin and gave them to Meanwhile, Now had gone to soft, wet, flabby - it goes like that government and the people of Tan­ Revolution. Political, Security, Internal Organis­ imperialist aggression against Viet­ thugs and criminals who must be Now the next day. But Now pleaded London. By the time he returned when it’s stored for long. I used it zania for the support they have The Congress was held in an ation), and the Provincial Secre­ nam, and reaffirmed the total stamped out. ’ So the Home Office ‘Not Guilty’ to ever having had in Ned and Robyn were already free for poaching salmon. It doesn’t even always given to the struggle of the atmosphere of wide cordiality, taries. solidarity and support of FRELIMO sent orders to the Welsh Constabu­ his possesion any gelignite whatso­ men, but he was arrested. He was kill them, only stuns them. No, I frankness and democracy, with to the FLN of South Vietnam and to Mozambican people. lary to do everything in their power never gave no gelignite to nco-'el’ The President and Vice-President ever. made to understand that all the high revolutionary spirit. The dele­ the Government of the Democratic This Congress reinforced the (short of making any martyrs) to So what did this man Robyn Jones cards were stacked against him; So the case for the Prosecution of FRELIMO are elected by the unity of the Mozambican people. It gates presented the problems of Republic of Vietnam; condemned catch the culprits, punish them and have to say? everyone had turned traitor and told rested solely on the evidence of Congress upon proposal by the their regions - problems concern­ the imperialist alliance of NATO; proved that all Mozambicans are bribe the population to become Now, the police had discovered all manner of things about him to John, the documents a few am­ Central Committee. ing the political organisation, the condemned the imperialist policy of united in the same will to be free, informants. They even authorised that he had a mate called Edward save their own skins. The press knew biguous words from Now himself, armed struggle, and national recon­ At provincial level there is a Pro­ Israel against the Arab people; and to work together to regain that £10, 000 be offered to certain Wilkinson, and that he had obtained nothing, so that even the cause of and the forensic expert. The Defence struction. These problems were vincial Council and a Provincial hailed the revolutionary struggles their freedom. This Second Con­ F. W.A. members if they would only gelly, in a pub, quite openly, from Welsh Nationalism would not gain made short work of these. The thoroughly discussed; on the basis Committee. of the peoples of Angolia, Guinea gress was a decisive step towards stop their activities. That is a lot of someone called Arfon Jones, who from his conviction. He had no time hardest nut to crack being to prove of the discussions directives for final victory. money and an easy way out for a to prepare his defence, and the soli- that John was lvine. However, when Decision of the people of the peoples of Angola, Guinea, told them so without any difficulty. their solution drawn up. and Cape Verde, Sao Tome and N. B. Contributions to the Mozam­ man on the ‘dole’, who remembers It was not very useful gelly that he tor of his choice was not available. the Judge pointed cut that in Among the most important de­ The Congress took important Principe and reaffirmed the unitary bique liberation struggle can be fighting in the last war for Justice had picked up anyway; but the So he flew to Ireland, where he British law it was considered dan­ cisions of the Congress are those decisions. It reaffirmed that in the nature of the struggle of all peoples sent, and more information ob­ Freedom and Peace, etc., and comes police were not bothered about that remained until August 27th this gerous to believe the evidence of an present circumstances the armed tained, through The Committee for which have changed some struc­ under Portuguese colonialism. The home to find everything remaining detail; gelly is gelly and to speak the year. ‘accomplice’, without firm corrobora­ tures of the organisation. Thus, struggle is still the only way to Freedom in Mozambiqe 1 Antrim as it was in the depression times. . . word in itself is incriminating evi­ When he did return he was imme­ Congress hailed and expressed tive evidence from outside, then the Congress continues to be the liberate Mozambique, and that con­ Road, London NW3. Tel: 01-722 no work, no house, no purpose to dence to them, it seems. diately apprenhended at Birmingham really the Jury had little option but supreme organ of FRELIMO; but it sidering the conditions in which it its support to the revolutionary 9030. be alive but drink and song and the Robyn and Ned were picked up Airport. ‘I’m not morally guilty,’ he to find Williams “not guilty’. 13. 8 THE BLACK DWARF 7 One dimensional Peter Sedgewick? Cohn-Bendit A critique of his interpretation of Marcuse

Helge Ronning In Black Dwarf No. 6 Peter Sedg­ article. wick makes an attempt to analyse 1. Peter Sedgwick divides Mar­ Herbert Marcuse' s ideas and tries cuse's writings into tnree periods. to show how these ideas have been I think this a dangerous way of of minimal influence on the radical treating the work of a political student movement. I would tend to thinker who in contrast with many agree with him that the importance others has been remarkably consis­ of Marcuse’s writings to the student tent in his theories since he started rebellion has been grossly exag­ writing. There are two trends which gerated. His importance is, like that I think are especially prominent in of Rudi Dutschke and Cohn Bendit, Marcuse’s philosophy and which I largely the creation of the bour­ think should be underlined. He has geois press. In order to find easy always stressed the imporance of explanations to social problems the critical (negative) thinking (i.e. the establishment personifies politics. dialectical proces). An early elabo­ The press will pick anyone who is ration of this theory is printed in easily identifiable and project an Negations. He sees Marxian philo­ image of him to the consumers of sophy as a fulfilment of this theory. Obsolete Communism the mass media; hence Marcuse Marcuse analyses the evolution of has been made the father of the critical thinking in Reason and student rebellions, a role he himself Revolution which to a certain The Left-Wing has rejected all the time. degree is based on his doctoral I think there is only one country thesis, Hegels Ontolgie und die Alternative where Marcuse’s ideas really have Grundlegung einer Theorie der What really happened in May and June Geschichtlichkeit. In the 1955 edi­ been influential in the formation of 1968? a revolutionary student movement tion (with the postscript) he shows and that is in Germany; and this for how, while Hegel’s philosophy was Western Europe, the crisis ridden “the abolition of labour” science modes and forms which reduce and locked up in small magazines. very special reasons. Marcuse is in based on an ontological process fishermen in Northern Norway, It is must be used to serve the critical weaken erotic energy. In this pro­ Then Marcuse goes on to argue This tightly-argued and lucid commentary is many ways a part of a German where metaphyics served as the not a new theory that the revolu­ impetus instead of the oppressive cess too, sexuality spreads into that it would not be a violation of without doubt the most constructive and moving force in history, Marx libe­ tionary spirit has to be carried by formerly tabooed dimensions and the principle of tolerance to with­ philosophical tradition called “Die forces. But that can only happen in authentic document to emerge from the Frankfurter Schule, ” and together rated dialectical thought from on­ an avant-garde. It is on the contrary a revolutionary society. relations. However, instead of re­ draw the right of speech to groups with other thinkers of this school tology. His dialectics are based on an old element of Marxian thought. 5. Peter Sedgwick seems to be­ creating these dimensions and rela­ advocating racism and the destruc­ events of those two months. Marcuse has been prominent in social conditions. 3. Peter Sedgwick thinks that lieve that Marcuse is against the tions in the images of the Pleasure tion of the world through bacterio­ discussing the structures of what The second trend is Marcuse's Marcuse means that all cultural development of sexual freedom. But Principle, the opposite tendency logical and nuclear warfare. This Covering the strategy and nature of the activities serve the repressive the German students would call the insistence on making a clear dis­ neither in Eros and Civilization, nor assert itself: the Reality Principle means that it would be necessary to revolutionary movement, the strategy of the authoritarian society. Other impor­ tinction between rational and irra­ structure of capitalism. On the con­ in One Dimensional Man does Mar­ extends its hold over Eros. The be intolerant to research which tant philosophers of this tradition tional authority. This distinction is trary both in Eros and Civilization cuse pass value judgments on the most telling illustration is provided creates bacteriological and chemi­ state, Stalinist bureaucracy and the class are Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. of utmost importance in understan­ and in One Dimensional Man, Mar­ role that sexual permissiveness by the methodical introduction of cal weapons. struggle in France, and the strategy and Adorno and Jurgan Habermass. ding Repressive Tolerance. cuse states that precisely in art and plays in society. He makes an ana­ sexiness into business, politics, I do think that most revolutionary nature of Bolshevism, it makes a powerful in literature one can find the most There are two texts which I be­ 2. Peter Sedgwick seems to make lysis of the development of what he propaganda, etc. To the degree socialists would be very reluctant to advanced forms of the critical spirit. impact and demands attention. lieve really established Marcuse’s the same mistake as many of calls the performance principle. which sexuality obtains a definite let racists have their say, and to But he also stresses the fact that a position in Germany. The first is his Marcuse’s other critics. He believes The reality principle, which is a sales value or becomes a token of let mad scientists carry out their lot of what is presented today as critique of Max Weber, the other is that Marcuse actually states that the necessity in any society, has in our prestige and of playing according insane experiments. When Marcuse 25s artistic criticism of society only his essay basic contradiction in the society society developed into a perfor­ to the rules of the game, it is itself was asked by Robert McKenzie in Repressive Tolerance, serves the present structures. Partly which Peter Sedgwick seems to between the proletariat and capital mance principle which is a function transformed into an instrument of an interview on “24 Hours” what because it is only seen as a proof think is a call for censorship. (I’ll does not exist any longer. This is of competitive capitalist society and social cohesion. Emphasis of this he meant by the paragraph that of liberalism in a truly repressive return to that point later). Outside not so; what Marcuse says is that of authoritarian socialism (in familiar trend may illuminate the Peter Sedgwick quotes, he answe­ Andre Deutsch society. An example of “ critical” Germany however, I do not think a veil has been drawn over the con­ Eastern Europe it is called “ socia­ depth of the gap which separates red: “I believe that if the Nazi move­ art that does not succeed in “going Marcuse has played the influential tradictions, the working-class listic competition” ). When the per­ even the possibilities of liberation ment in Germany had not been beyond” the limits of role that the mass media give him. seems to have been integrated and (aufheben) formance principle cannot be satis­ from the established state of allowed to make full use of the civil the present society would be so- (The last and most ridiculous the workers are made to believe so fied, it leads to aggression and this affairs. ” and political rights granted to them called daring erotic art. example of this exaggeration is themselves. But as the events in aggression must be released. If not, 6. Peter Sedgwick’s severest cri­ by the democracy, if Hitler’s ‘Mein Dialectics of Marcuse's alleged secret meeting France show and as Marcuse him­ 4. Peter Sedgwick claims to des­ the members of the society will turn ticism of Marcuse is centred around Kampf’ had not been allowed to be with the British student leaders self has stated after the May revolu­ cribe Marcuse’s thoughts when he against the society. In the West this his essay Repressive Tolerance, published, we might have been Liberation International Conference where he, according to The Obser­ tion, this is nothing but a superficial writes: “ Science is counter-revolu­ energy is released through the which certainly is a disturbing text, spared the Second World War. The ver, urged them to serve as detona­ integration. tionary because it seeks to control development of greater sexual per­ but not for the reasons that Sedg­ withdrawal of tolerance which I The Dialectics of Liberation Congress was sponsored by the Institute of tors for the revolution). One can It might be unpleasant for a lot nature, and hence human nature." missiveness. wick gives. He has been misled by had in mind refers only to move­ Phenomenological Studies, London, and was a unique gathering to demistify regret the fact that Marcuse’s of people that the working class in This is a serious misunderstanding This is what Marcuse calls “ rep­ what he thinks is a call for censor­ ments whose aggressive character human violence in all its forms, the social systems from which it emanates western societies do not seem to ressive de-sublimation. ’ He writes thoughts have not played the part of Marcuse’s intentions. Science ship. But it is impossible to analyse is beyond any doubt. I have never and to explore new forms of action. they are supposed to have. I think be willing to revolt against society cannot be separated from the con­ in the preface to the Vintage edition this part of the essay separately advocated any kind of censorship The majority portion of the proceedings are now available in a series of 23 so myself. When I see the anti­ unless their revolutionary fervour is text of the society in which the of Eros and Civilization: from the rest of the argument in it. for example, in art and literature. ” long playing records from the Black Dwarf: — intellectual, spontaneistic, and over- ignited by a fringe group like the science functions. Hence in an op­ “I propose in this book the no­ Marcuse makes a critique of the so- At last I would like to refer any­ DL1 Gregory Bateson Conscious Purpose vs Nature optimistic romantic trends that at students. This does not, however, pressive society science will serve tion of a ‘non-repressive sublima­ called liberalism of a pluralistic one interested in a critique of Mar­ present are so prominent among mean that Marcuse believes that a oppressive ends. The very notion tion’: the sexual Impulses without capitalist society, and shows that cuse’s thouhgts to a book edited by DL2 Bateson (1) & Speck (5) continued revolution can be successful with­ that there is something called pure many left wing students, I wonder losing their erotic energy, trans­ freedom of speech has in reality Jurgen Habermass, called Antwor- DL3 David Cooper Beyond Words whether the student movement out support from the working class. science, is one of the most dange­ cend their immediate object and already been taken away from radi­ (edition ten auf Herbert Marcuse DL4 R D Laing The Obvious might not need some of Marcuse's What he states is that the critical rous parts of bourgeois ideology, eroticize normally non- and anti­ cal groups, because they are being Suhrkampf, Frankfurt, 1968). There intellectual analyses and his realis­ tradition in our societies is being and it is just this tendency to make erotic relationships between the denied the right to use the mass- it is possible to find a critique of DL5 Ross Speck The Politics & Psychotherapy of Mini & tic “ pessimism.” carried forward by groups that have a distinction between science and individuals, and between them and media the same way as the conser­ this important philosopher based Micro Groups I will try to elaborate on a few not reached the stage of apparent social structures that Marcuse their environment. Conversely one vative forces. In our society oppo­ on an understanding of philosophy DL 6 Stokely Carmichael Black Power—Address to Congress of the interpretations and ideas integration, for example the black attacks. He believes that in order can speak of ‘repressive de-subli­ sitional elements are not being and of what Marcuse has set out to DL 7 Stokely Carmichael Black Power—Address to Black Community Peter Sedgwick puts forward in his masses in America, the students in to reach the state that Marx called mation”: release of sexuality in locked up in jails they are being do. DL 8 John Gerassi Imperialism & Revolution in America DL 9 Gerassi (8) & Marcuse (11) (continued) London Tenants enter new DL10 Jules Henry Special & Psychological Preparation for War DL11 Herbert Marcuse Liberation from the Affluent Society phase of struggle DL12 Paul Sweeney The Future of Capitalism DL 13 & 14 A two record set of the open discussion which by Valerie Deacon and Keith Veness included Cooper, Ginsberg, Carmichael & Laing. DL15 Julian Beck Money, Sex & The Theatre The fight against the rent-rises on Council houses in London DL16 Allen Ginsberg has now entered a new, and perhaps decisive, stage of struggle. In Consciousness & Practical Action DL17 Paul Goodman the GLC the figure for tenants withholding the increases has Objective Values varied between 33,000 (the Council’s figure) and 98,000 (our most DL18 Igor Hajek Art & Literature in Czechoslovakia optimistic one). Gayo Petrovic Praxis DL19 Simon Vinkenoog When one considers that there are immediately anyway. A Revolution in Consciousness JOHN WEAL 220, 000 GLC tenants and that those In Brent, certain estates such as Beck (15) & Goodman (17) continued on rebates or social security (nearly Kingshaven, Explorers and Alpha- DL20 Anti-Institution Seminar There has been so much crap in same sitting for the candidate to eminently afford to subsidise them. Many others were frightened that 40 %) have been advised not to Gorefield have had a seventy-five Including speakers from Provo, Internationalists, Free University the press about the Inns of Court pass the Exam. Before ’64 a student What institutions do they have any manifestation of solidarity with withhold it by the Tenants’ Associa­ per cent, response to withholding of New York, German Students, New Experimental College, Denmark. which has completely ignored the could sit as often as he wished for through which they can fight? In their fellows could well effect their tion, then these figures must be con­ the increase and a writ has been reasons behind the student protest. the Exam. Then came Rule 23 which 1966 there was a Union but that chances of getting into chambers sidered excellent. During these strug­ served on the council restraining DL21 Lucien Goldmann Criticism & Dogmatism in literature announced, “Four times mayest ended when “Mr. Adams did not (unlike them most demonstrators gles many interesting events have them from raising the rent. The To study for and to take the Bar occurred. On the Warwick Estates DL22 Thich Nhat Hahn The Lotus & The Fire exam, one must join one of the four thou sit, but after that, y’re out want the meeting to go on”. Instead would not be practising in Britain). court case will probably be heard at Maida Vale a possee of house­ next month. A mass demonstration DL23 Challenge Seminar: Inns of Court, three of them very mate”. And this rule was applied one union in each Inn was per­ It might even prevent them “pass­ wives follow the rent-collector to at the Town Hall in October attrac­ Gregory Bateson Ecological Destruction by Technology rich. Not that they teach the student retrospectively without exempting mitted: Divide and rule at work. No ing” the exam. The marks are not make sure that he doesn’t intimidate ted over 1, 000 tenants and the coun­ The discussion includes: Roy Battersby, Francis Huxley, Ronald anything. They charge £170 a year those who had arrived before its existing institution even recognises published and it seems evident that tenants and to ensure 100% sup­ cil are well aware that they are sit­ Laing & Allen Ginsberg. plus £100 the first year as a deposit existence. their student status, let alone gives someone can pass the exam but fail port. Mrs. Kay McNicholas, the ting on a colvano. which the student gets back when Yet, given exams, four attempts, them minimal rights that that status to be called to the Bar because his The records cost 28/11 each including post & package, or special set price- Association’s Chairman, had a brush In Ealing, a policy of withholding and if he passes the Bar Finals (the even on an all-parts-passed-or- deserves, e.g. N.U.S. membership — elders and betters do not consider DL1-5 “Anti-Psychiatry” , 6 gns. DL6-12 “State & Revolution” , 8 gns' with the police, who accused her of the increases has started on estates failure rate is 70%). It is invested nothing basis would seem to be far too subversive. him suitable. And so he is forced to DL13-14 Open Discussion, £ 2. 9. 6. DL15-20 “Individual & The State” “threatening” the rent collector. such as Elm-trees, Yeading Green 7 gns. from during the interval. They also pro­ enough. But that conclusion neglects Five months ago, the Reform conform to and eventually lapse (Odd of the fuzz to protect a large, and Ravenor Park and m ore vide “Dinners” at 14/- a throw, 12 the crucial issue — the education. Committee’s grievances were submit­ into a code of conduct nothing short THE BLACK DWARF well fed rent collector from a group struggles can be expected here. of which are obligatory before Rule 23 strips Legal education bare; ted to Russell and were arrogantly of mediaeval - the barristers them­ 7 Carlisle Street no other education system would rejected. Consequently both the sit- selves proudly insist their traditions of housewives while letting him However we heard the best news taking finals. From the £170, they threaten tenants with eviction!) London, W .l. 01 734 4827 generously pass £50 to the Council feel obliged to have more than two in and its results, however inade­ go back 600 years! of all was on 19th November when Now tenants have taken to paying the Smithfield Meat Porters stopped of Legal Education and £15 for attempts. Worse than that, the dod­ quately, are a landmark in an The v e ry backwardness and him in sixpences, halfpennies and work and marched to County Hall Tutorials. These are only once dering Council is only now improv­ institution as traditional and hier­ atrophy of the administration of the other small coins so he has to carry in protest against the rises. The monthly for those who can get them ing slightly on the education offered archical as the Inns of Court. The Inns and the weakness of student a load of small change on his march started at 4-00 p.m. from (A class of 15 is defined as a before Rule 23 — and then it was a students themselves w e re inex­ institutions seems to offer the chance rounds. Smithfield and was joined by the tutorial), and even then the student much easier exam. It must be like perienced and must be forgiven for of a radical breakthrough in their In Hackney the rent collectors Royal Group of Dockers, represen­ must pay £18 extra. being a work-camp inmate, who is letting Russell listen to them in his reorganisation; a complete bypassing have quite rightly refused to be tatives of the Central London Bus expected to fulfil quotas meant for own office. The so-called “results” of the Bourgeois institutions, epito­ Ruling over this quaint system is scapegoats for the council and have Committee, and shopstewards and tractors when all that is provided is of that meeting are that Russell “will mised by affiliation to the N.U.S., a Council of Eiders as it were, threatened to strike if they don’t get a spade which he can barely lift recommend the abolition of Rule 23 and the setting up of a united union members from many factories chaired by Lord Justice Russell and an immediate pay rise. The giant and building sites. At seven in the anyway. to Council”. He will ask them to student council with direct control composed of a few “Benchers” from Trowbridge Estate is the best in Squashed lectures are the ONLY “consider" the formation of a over their education. Except for one evening the tenants joined them at the Inns. After last May’s Exams, London for withholding the increa­ County Hall to return increase student-teacher contact for many general student body. He will meet thing, the Students. A few do relate when half the papers were lost, an ses, with a figure of 98 %. undergraduates. Discrimination exists students for negotiations and will their situation with the society ‘out­ forms and eviction notes. The total innocuous Dean was created, and In Tower Hamlets the local coun­ against coloured students for a discuss the exam system. Lastly, the side’, and others are eager to learn— participants were well over the consultative Link Committees of two cil (57 Labour and 3 Communists tutorial place though naturally the only concrete result — they can meet for they learn nothing in their course 10,000 who marched on the last students from each Inn were formed. on it) have agreed to rehouse any white Rhodesian I met had a in the MacGeagh Hall at any time. but strict Gradgrind Facts. But the tenants march of September 22nd. Their composition was overwhelm-, GLC tenant evicted and obviously tutorial. Of course this wasn’t dis­ Although the authorities are ob­ majority are there because they want All Dwarf readers should remember ingly British — a minority in the this has aided the struggle tremen­ the slogans— crimination! “On merit, old boy, on viously prejudiced against coloured the money, social position and often Inns — moreover, a minority nomi­ dously. Tower Hamlets is now the merit. ” students (though the Inns lap them power which the profession brings “WE WON’T PAY” nated by the Bench and not elected leading borough in tenants solida­ up because of the money they both in Britain and abroad. Any by students. Lastly of the education grievances, rity. One of its rent-offices was “TELL CUTLER TO GO TO students are allowed to use the bring, quite disregarding the strain significant change in society would daubed with red paint, the slogan HELL” The complaints which finally libraries for TWO HOURS a week, on the Educational facilities), to smash their dreams. Perhaps I am being “NOT A PENNY ON OUR erupted in the sit-in by the 600 “NOT A PENNY ON THE period. As libraries are used for the accuse all the British students of wrong. Perhaps the whole mass of RENTS — DON’T PAY THE IN­ m a in ly Commonwealth students RENTS”. rest of the time by practising bar­ the same thing is to be too simplistic. prospective barristers will rise in in­ CREASES". The Council haven’t centred on Rule 23. All parts of the risters, students are in effect subsi­ One girl had been photographed and You’ll hear a lot more of them dignation at this last paragraph. I bothered to clean it off yet—pro­ Bar Final must be passed in the dising a profession which could given her name; she was scared. wish they would. before the London tenants are Logue Poster 5s. post free from The Black Dwarf, bably it would be put on again through! 7, Carlisle St., London, W.1. 8 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 8 THE UNFREE PRESS 1. The News of the WorldDWARF All the muck that’s fit to print A printer working on the News of to sell to the uneducated working a battle of capitalism. Tory policy favoured by Enoch Powell. This was spy inside the students’). The story the World remarked to The Black class. swings under the sign of the hang­ all handy in the Smethwick period is a typical case of downright lies Dwarf: “Let’s face it. we all know Does the News of the World cor­ ing Negro. Ask Ian Smith and of Tory racialism. Some readers felt and bogus bullshit. Unfortunately Duncan Sandys. why people buy the sheet. Because rupt and deprave? These are the that the News of the World sex- for Regan, October 27th passed off DIARYregime in power. The main TITO’S TROUBLES BOOBY-TRAPS it’s dirty. They buy it for the dirt. words which lawyers use when they One of the few pubs in Brixton crime reports were concentrating un­ without incident, but readers of the ban serious novels and plays about which has ever been boycotted for duly on coloured criminals. Since Soon after the Russian inva- student demand is for political So why is it full of Tory propa­ rag had been infected with a good FOR SALE sexual behaviour. Both these words banning coloured people is The then we have had further News of ‘healthy’ dose of anti-student hyste­ I sion of Czechoslovakia there was liberty and for socialism. Of ganda? Who wants to read about mean ‘make bad’. If pornography George in Railton Road. Now the the World surveys on coloured im­ ria so what the hell. a worried exchange of notes course the mass media in this We bring to the attention of Dwarf readers the firms, G. H. politics in a dirt sheet? ’ This printer’s make people bad, so does the News landlord has a new craze. His saloon migrants, very like Peter Earle’s. One Why did they pick on Jagger? between Yugoslavia and the country has ignored the butchery of the World. All they mean, really, bar flaunts a poster calling for the was by John Deane Potter, the well- theory was that it all stemmed from ‘Youth’ is one of their scapegoats. United States. The Yugoslavs being perpetrated by the Ayub Garland and Co. Ltd. and Mic- is that sex-books encourage peole to restoration of capital punishment. known normal-family-man immor­ They like looking for youthful rovar Ltd. They occupy premises the joint managing director, Mark masturbate. Plenty of people will feared Russian intervention and regime. He is after all very Alongside it is a letter from Duncan talised in John Osborne’s play ‘The orgies, it gets the readers excited — on 100-101 Nibthwaite Road, Chapman Walker, who lives at 4 swear in court, if necessary, that Sandys and a letter from the World of Paul Slickey’. The most wondered whether they could nearly one of them. How dif­ and then Graham Stanford can Harrow. Dwarf correspondents Cliveden Place, SW1 (SLO 2808). they masturbated over the News of Licensed Victuallers Central Protec­ recent was by Graham Stanford — recommend a good spanking, more sign a defence pact with the ferent it was in the days of the World in their childhood. An tion Society of London, both asking and it culminated in the News of the who visited the area tell us that The printer believes that Chapman thrilling still. Their favourite photo­ United States (a secret one, of Nkruma and Sukarno. We still action could be taken against this for a hanging. (Think of death while World’s ballot-slip, asking readers to it is a small family concern graph is that Grosvenor Square one course! ). The State Department remember the stem editorials in Walker has close links with Con­ seedy paper - but it would be hypo­ you drink. Last time the publicans vote whether they wanted restriction (17 March) showing a uniformed (non-union) and employs women was interested but not interested The Times or the faked torture servative Central Office. But maybe critical, since the law on obscenity is demonstrated it was against the on coloured immigrants. policeman ‘spanking’ a girl demon­ part time (because of the low idiotic, and sex stimulation is not breathalyser. They want to keep A few weeks before, the paper enough to shatter the status-quo. photographs in The Daily Ex­ this is mere gossip and rumour. strator with plenty of leg. They re­ rate) and three full time men. always evil. The News of the World Death On The Roads.) printed voting-slips asking readers printed it twice, by public demand. So what they suggested was that press. On the arrest of Mr. Though the official purpose for He is unfair, though, to the British is horrible not because it is sexy, but Can you smell the News of the whether they wanted to hang people. Who edits this rag? Stafford Yugoslavia sign a mutual assist- Bhutto the leading Oppositionist public in thinking that we buy the because it is anti-sex — always eager Punishment and restrictions are the the firm’s existence is to manu­ World? Like other Sunday papers Somerfield, a Barnstaple man who ance pact with Greece as this on the liberal Left The Times paper only for its lip-licking, yet to punish sex-offenders, while getting they maintain a punishment corres­ main interests of the News of the joined in 1945, a dog-breeder who facture television components the thrill of their ‘crimes’. would be a fairly convenient remarks that perhaps it is prudish, tales of sexual diversity. It pondent, Graham Stanford. Like World. They get the votes they want. has written a life of the murderer, yet our reporters have dis­ also has a good outdoor sports Keen punishers, and those readers cover. But at this even Tito ‘beneficial’. Of course it is but This relates to the paper’s politics. ancient John Gordon and poor, sick Haigh. He married for a second time covered that this is merely a coverage. Here we may detect the It likes scapegoats. It likes punish­ who have been brainwashed by the in 1951 — one Elizabeth Mont­ balked. Sign a deal with the to whom. While we do not agree Robert Pitman of the Express news­ front for the manufacturing of influence of Sir William Carr (who ment. It wants to make its readers papers, he writes as a plain, bluff paper’s weekly drip, write in sup­ gomery. Mrs. Elizabeth Somerfield fascist colonels. Never! Result: with most of Mr. Bhutto’s views port. Most of us are too lazy to anti-personnel devices amongst controls the paper through his own feel NORMAL and pleased with family-man, attacking, accusing and lives at 2 Cliveden House, Cliveden a boring stalemate with the we are in complete solidarity and his family shareholdings). He is themselves. So it persecutes the odd oppose. Place (730 7032) — very near Carr which is a propelling pencil that exposing. Who do they expose? Big colonels extremely upset that with him in his opposition to the keen on golf, athletics, boxing, man out. It has steadily fomented business? Bristol Siddeley? Dow Noyes Thomas became the ‘politi­ and Chapman Walker. Somerfield’s blows your hand off when cricket, rowing and dog-tracks. He cal correspondent’. His first big they have not been able to Ayub dictatorship. The struggle feeling against coloured people. It Chemicals? Ferrari? Not on your address is given as 26 Chelwood turned. These devices are re­ lives at 26 Cliveden Place, SW1 (SLO demands severe penalties for sex- stories were about George Brown House, Gloucester Square, W2 (PAD please the United States and in Pakistan is only in its infancy. life. Local councils, nationalised in­ ferred to euphemistically as 2403 and 6248). He also has a little crimes. It longs to hang people. dustries, trade unions — these are the drinking and about Harold Wilson’s 2194). Does he know how filthy his understandably upset because if It will inevitably develop till the ‘switches. ’ They are packed on place at Bentley Wood, Halland, These are Tory feelings. If you can targets. With a sprinkling of petty secretary, Marcia Williams. That’s paper is? Does he like it that way? the C. I. A. liberals seriously want four families who rule Pakistan Sussex. A typical public-school and only get the working class to forget crooks who send holy water through his kind of politics. The sad thing is The News of the World keeps up are overthrown and the reign of the premises in British ex-army Cambridge man, he produces a that this paper has such a big circu­ a foothold in Yugoslavia they their own troubles by making them the post. a steady six million circulation. It terror is over. ammunition boxes and taken paper which his own class treats with lation that few people are willing started building itself up in the 19th will have to do ‘something’ hate someone else — criminals, per­ Graham Stanford may be seen away in small loads in the back contempt — but which they are glad verts, Negroes, lews — you have won to refuse to write for it. Journalists century and during the first World about the colonels. After all this drinking around Fleet Street, often of a large pantechnicon. who want to attack Harold Wilson War, by breaking the Sunday observ­ is Europe and not some nigger THE GAULLIST in the company of colleagues, Peter from the Left take advantage of its They are then sold to various Earle and Noyes Thomas. These two ance laws and by publishing lists of continent like Africa. columns. Clive Jenkins. the ASSET SCHOOL OF worked together on the Christine war casualties. Now it has interests FALSIFICATION African states not well-known union leader, is one. Paul Johnson, in transport, p a p e r (Townsend is being well-disposed towards Keeler story: they swanned around editor of the New Statesman, is The May events in France with her before her public disgrace Hook) print (Eric Bemrose), adver­ revolutionary socialists such as another. They don’t seem to realise tising journals (City magazines), BRITAIN’S have resulted in tens of books W ATCH THIS and afterwards they wrote a vicious that knocking Labour in the News Kenya. piece attacking and insulting her. local newspapers (the Berrows Or­ NON-VIOLENT analysing aspects of the revolu­ of the World is merely helping the ganisations) - and also of Reuters. TRADITIONS tionary struggle. The neo-fascist There are rumours that the She was down. That’s good enough m o s t vicious kind of punitive, MAN for the News of the World. It’s a monster. It has too much Gaullist regime, in an attempt arm has government approval racialist Toryism. Of course the power — and all exercised to appeal An excellent book was pub­ and a government contract. We Earle and Thomas took particular News of the World doesn’t really to obliterate the traces of the to the worst in human nature. lished two years ago on the would like to see the Board of interest in Christine’s coloured want these lefties and liberals: it’s Simply because six million people May revolution have carried out trade deny this charge. friends. After this assignment, they using them. It wants real backwoods buy it for the cheap porn and the subject of police, demos, civil a number of purges of education CAREFULLY IN split up. Noyes Thomas went round Tories like Duncan Sandys and Des­ sports results, this rag acquires the liberties, etc. (POLICE AND and government-controlled tele­ the world reporting on the gallant mond Donnelly - that keen normal- power to dirty men’s minds. Even CIVIL LIBERTIES; by Stuart service of British tommies against vision and radio. Only recently BENT PLANES AT family-man who is currently com­ the most right-wing Socialist or Bowes, Lawrence & Wishart, THE FUTURE bad coloured men — strange ignorant bining attacks on his former collea­ liberal should recognise that this is they prohibited all municipal BENTWATER 45s. ). We quote an extract for savages, he suggested, in places like gues with rant against immigrants. one of the ‘commanding heights’ of libraries in the Paris area from Near Woodbridge in Suffolk Borneo and Arabia. Peter Earle went A recent ‘coup’ by the News of the communications industry, that it the benefit of Dwarf readers and issuing any of the books on the there is a United States Air round Britain studying coloured the World has been to publish an He’s the man from is ‘failing the nation’ - and that it hope that it encourages them to May events in their stocks. Force Base known as BENT- immigrants. He came back with a innuendo-ridden story by Simon ought to be brought under public, read this book: Needless to say this does not WATER. This is the fifth stack of anecdotes of the kind Regan (‘the man who worked as our democratic control. The Special Branch “On December 11, 1931, police worry the French Stalinists too target in a nuclear war as it aggression against demonstra­ much. After all if the books are maintains a large stockpile of tions of unemployed occurred in not read by large numbers the nuclear ‘devices. ’ It has a two- with a Special Liverpool and Wallsend; on the counter-revolutionary role of the minute warning system. How­ Films 15th in London, Leeds, Glasgow French C. P. will escape further ever these are not the most DWARF UP and Kirkcaldy; on the 16th in exposure. And if Stalin could important facts about BENT- Assignment IN THE YEAR OF THE PIG. Wigan; on the 18th in Stoke-on- A new feature-length document­ re-write history, why not de WATER. ary' about Vietnam, by Emile de Trent. Such actions continued Gaulle. It is at the present moment Antonio, who made Rush to in 1932 and on January 12th Judgement. Perhaps the most being used as a repair-base for AGAINST comprehensive film yet made occurred in Keighley and Glas­ planes damaged in Vietnam and about recent history and polities gow; on the 15th in Rochdale; OF ‘FRIENDS’ AND of South East Asia. Every ‘FRIENDSHIP’ especially the F 111 which are Thursday. Friday, Saturday and on February 23rd in London flown in by Douglas G. obe- Sunday at ICA, Nash House, and Bristol. British Imperialism has been THE WALL? The Mall, S.W. l; 6-00 and 8-30 master. There is an excellent betraying the interests of the p. m. “Throughout the summer of case for organising localised Black Dwarf Reporters 1932 intimidatory violence and Arab peoples for well over a century, but despite this a cer­ demonstrations outside bases END OF A REVOLUTION? arrests were frequent all over s u c h as BEN WATER to The social and political climate the country, but reached an tain aberrant section of the Following up the unsuccess­ police found obscene? in Bolivia following the death of imperialist apparatus has always puncture the myth that Britain ful raid on The Black Dwarf Che Guevara. It traces the extraordinary pitch in Birken­ is not involved in this war. offices in September, and the Somebody up top is out to events leading to Che’s death head where, on September 13, proclaimed its ‘friendship’ to the get us. Although Jos Farth­ and the trial of Regis Debrav. Arabs. The latest hypocritical subsequent harrassment of ing is broke, legal aid has Angry Arts Film Societv, The 15 and 16, hundreds of un­ CAPTAIN Dwarf street sellers, the police manifestation of this ‘friendship’ been refused. We will have to Unity Theatre, 1, Goldington employed were arrested and PAUL JOHNSON have finally succeeded in get­ Street, N. W. l. several hundred injured as they is CAABU - th e so-called ting us into their courts. bear the costs of this attack ourselves. The case will be fought off unprovoked attacks. Council for Arab British under­ Undoubtedly the most sea sick On 5th October Joe Farth­ heard on Monday, December PILOTS IN PYJAMAS. An East “On the latter date, large standing. galley slaves in the drifting ing was arrested by two con­ 9th, at Marlborough Street German Investigation of cap­ These people, without doubt, wreck of British social democ­ Court. We desperately need tured American pilots shot down numbers of police were drafted stables and charged with over North Vietnam. It consists are friends of the Arabs but of racy must be the crew of the ‘ offering for sale in Oxford your support. Please come to into the town and, together with of four films and lasts in total which Arabs. Feisal of Saudi New Statesman. Street an obscene newspaper the court at 2 p. m. on that about five and a half hours The the local force, began during the to the annoyance of the pas­ Monday and let’s show the New Cinema Club. 122 Wardour night what can only be described Arabia and others of his ilk. The Week after week their skipper police and the repressive Street. London, W. l. 734-5888 exploiters and traitors whom the sengers”. for details. as a reign of terror. Working- Paul (“gentlemen don’t wear authorities of this “free” British have always used. At the brown suits”) Johnson urges Our first thought was that country that we are no; going class areas were raided; homes last public meeting of CAABU this ludicrous charge must be to be fucked about. OPEN FILM FESTIVAL. Free entered without warrants; arrests them into further acts of double- the brain child of some preco­ films are being shown for the made indiscriminately and with­ on the anniversary of the Bal­ talk, evasion, and servile pros­ cious desk sergeant after two duration of the London Film Whenever there’s a left-wing demon­ STOP POLICE REPRES­ Festival at Friends Hall, Barnet out cause; and men, women and four Declaration a couple of tration to the renegade Wilson coppers took fright at the awe­ SION OF THE DWARF Grove, East London; The Oval odious Tory M. P. ’s proclaimed clique. Week after week Great stration he’s there! The moment he some sight of Joe Farthing House. Kennington; Pepys children beaten up. Repeated on and nicked him. NOW. Estate, Greenwich and Notting the next two nights the terrorism their ‘friendship’ for the Arab Turnstile echoes to the snores of hears a demonstrator shout a partic­ Dill Gate. Ring 240 1864 for peoples and argued that Britain those assessing ‘Labour’s record’ But we found out since it caused over a hundred civilians See you in court. details ought to back their Arab (Much to be said on both sides), ularly apposite slogan he photographs was no accident. Those two to be taken to hospital with coppers came looking for a such severe injuries as a broken ‘friends’ in order to keep com­ and the world outside echoes to him. When Dwarfs asked him who he street seller. The seized issue pelvis, fractured ribs, broken munism out of the area. So the snores of those trying to represented on October 27 he refused was No. 6. arms and legs. ” much for CAABU. British Im­ ‘read’ what they say. Skipper On the cover were the DIARY OF EVENTS Comrades will not be sur­ perialism has always tried to Johnson snoozes in his editorial to comment. words: DON’T DEMAND prised to learn that very few of use local stooges to undermine offices, dreaming of promotion OCCUPY. SUNDAY, DEC. 1st Black Youth Conference. Speakers include James Baldwin and Tariq these incidents were reported in the Arab revolution. There is a to diplomatic eminence and an Could this be what the Ali. Birmingham Town Hall, 5-30 p. m. definite need for a movement of end to the cares of journalism, To celebrate NLF birthday. the national cress. Please send me the BLACK DWARF for the next 6/12 solidarity with the Arab revolu­ the thrustful staff lightly intrigue months. I enclose p.o. /cheque for £l/£2. TUESDAY, DEC. 3rd PANIC IN PAKISTAN tion, but CAABU with its bag and discuss the morality of Discussions on Israel. Conway Hall, 6. 45. of discredited former cabinet the public schools; the cost- Name ...... CHEGUEVARA'SBOLIVIANDIARIES ‘'Support South Vietnam” Rally, Kensington Town Hall, 7. 30. A Dwarf readers may not have ministers (Mayhew and Nutting, conscious manager, Prosperous counter rally is being organised. Phone VSC (480 6789) or the Black gathered this from the unfree both paternalistic imperialists) Potter, doodles on a spare Address ...... Dwarf for details. press, but latest reports from has no part to play in that luncheon voucher before chasing THURSDAY, DEC. 5th Pakistan indicate t h a t 30 movement. The only Arab- up a few more advertisements. CND Torchlight March “Americans out of Vietnam”. Assemble 6 p.m., Manchester Square (behind Self ridges). students have been killed by the British understanding worthy of A sordid scene, and not one The BLACK DWARF, 7 Carlisle Street, W .1. with an Introduction Ayub dictatorship and hundreds that name is a militant revolu­ really to bore the Dwarf readers SUNDAY, DEC. 8th arrested. All the universities and tionary solidarity against Ameri­ with. But from time to time it is Telephone: 01-734 4827 by Fidel Castro. Human Rights Lecture. Conway Hall, 11 a. m. schools in W. Pakistan have can, British and Zionist im­ worth reminding comrades that Trade terms on application. MONDAY, DEC. 9th been shut by the regime in an perialism conducted on a the end of journalistic social Arts & Censorship A gala evening concerning depravity and corruption, 5s. post free from in aid of NCCL and Defence of Literature and The Arts Society. Royal effort to prevent the students principled socialist basis and not democracy is the emaciated EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION GROUP: Tariq Ali, Olive Goodwin, THE BLACK DWARF, Festival Hall, 8. 00. from assembling and having as a loose coalition of social- cadaver of the New Statesman Adrian Mitchell, Robin Fior Bob Rowthorne, Mo Teitelbaum, Fred 7, Carlisle Street, political discussions. What is democrats, liberals and right- and the stench ridden drips Halliday, Barney Fulcher, Eric Wills, Jess Mackenzie, Ann Scott (non-event — Dwarf Obscenity Case — Marlborough St. Magistrates Published by The Black Dwarf, 7, Carlisle St., London, W.1. Printed London, W. l. Court, 2. 00 p.m. we think). important to realise, however, is wing Tories with a streak of who run it. LONG LIVE by A. J. Chappie Ltd., Bala, N Wales. Distributed by Moore Haress Ltd that the students have in many anti-semitism. If the British REVOLUTIONARY JOUR­ 11 Lever St., EC1. 01-263 4286. INDICA, HOUSEMANS TUESDAY, DEC. 10th places been joined by other people are to support the Arabs, FOREIGN SUBS PER ANNUM: Or from COLLETTS, Black Revolutionary Poetry and Music, ICA, Nash House, S.W.1, NALISM. LONG LIVE THE 8 p.m. Members 5/-, non-members 7/6. U.S.A-/Canada/India/Pakistan; £5 16s. 6d. (By Air); £3 16s. (Ordinary); sectors of the population who the only way to do so is to arm BLACK DWARF. STORMY and other LEFT-WING BOOK­ Cuba/North Vietnam. /China./New Zealand/Austrralia: £6 8s (By Air); MONDAY, DEC. 20th are equally fed-up with the the Palestinian guerrillas. APPLAUSE. ALL RISE. £3 18s, (Ordinary); Czechoslovakia/Yugoslavia/W. Europe; £4 (By Air). SHOPS. VSC Public Meeting, Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, W.C.2, 7. 30. I