20th Century Review SUMMARY – Modernism

• emphasis on materials or expression instead of illusion • a notion of progress & evolution poet Ezra Pound: “Make it new."  results in lots of “isms”

TRENDS definition ABSTRACTION KANDINSKY FLATTENING OF PICTORIAL SPACE Abstract art –– art which is either completely non-representational, or which converts forms PRIMITIVISM PICASSO observed in reality into patterns which are EXPRESSIONISM NOLDE read by the spectator primarily as independent relationships, rather than with CUBISM PICASSO reference to the original source. SURREALISM DUCHAMP Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms

p. 389

KANDINSKY REMEMBER THE textbook example TITLE IN FRENCH p. 396 Picasso Les Demoiselle d’Avignon 1907

CUBISM ABSTRACTION PRIMITIVISM Improvisation 28 (second version) 1912 Oil on canvas, 43 7/8 x 63 7/8 inches Nolde, Dance Around the Golden Calf, 1910 E X P P R R I E M S I Duchamp, S T La Boite en I I O Valide V N I (L.H.O.O.Q.), I S 1919 S M M DADA “appropriation” p. 396

Mies van der Rohe Gropius – Bauhaus Seagram Building 1957 1926

Stravinsky Stravinsky

The Rite of Spring The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps) -- radically new: non-tonal, (1913; for very large harsh unresolved orchestra) dissonance, percussive, brilliant orchestral effects, -- a ballet with a story line extreme ranges, written in part by an rhythmically and metrically anthropologist very irregular and quite innovative TEXTBOOK CD -- interested in primitive or TEXTBOOK CD exotic materials; what is -- a riot (somewhat staged) behind the mask of at its premiere; much civilization? publicity ensues Schoenberg TRENDS

Listening example: • DISSONANCE “LIBERATED” Etwas Rasch • “PRIMITIVISM” – MORE GENERALLY: (somewhat fast) from FOLK MUSIC, AN ALTERNATIVE TO Six Little Piano Pieces, Op. 19 (1911) STANDARD PATTERNS & FORMULAS TEXTBOOK CD • CHAOTIC SURFACES, CONSISTENT INNER Blue self-portrait, 1910 WORKINGS • EXPRESSIONISM CHAOS v. ORDER

SUMMARY – after WW2

MODERNISM CONTINUES – PROGRESS & MATERIALS; EACH WORK OF ART DICTATES ITS OWN TERMS [POLLOCK, abstract expressionism] CONCEPTUAL ART – ULTIMATE CHALLENGE TO THE VERY IDEA OF ART, THE ULTIMATE CONCLUSION OF MODERNISM? [SMITHSON Spiral Jetty]

POST-MODERNISM – QUESTION NARRATIVE! [CHICAGO The Dinner Party] Jackson Pollock, Lavendar Mist No. 1, 1950 compare p. 420

textbook p. 436 Frank Gehry

Robert Smithson Spiral Jetty, 1970

p. 444 POMO Judy Chicago

CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-MODERNISM: • QUOTATION, PASTISHE, COLLAGE • CHALLENGES AUTHORITY OF “MASTER” NARRATIVE • FOCUSES ON THE “CONSTRUCTED-NESS” OF NARRATIVE, AUTHORITY, REALITY (“deconstruction” is not just analysis)

p. 440 see p. 431

Gentileschi, Hildegard Judith Slaying of Bingen Holofernes, 1098-1179 1620

Abbess, scholar, visionary, poet, FAMOUS FEMALE musician, healer, ARTIST; spiritual leader

A CARAVAGGISTI One of the earliest “named” composers in the European tradition

Listening example music summary

ORDER & CHAOS by Hildegard of Bingen, c.1150 • large intervals • SURFACE CHAOS/INNER ORDER: • large or wide range (large ambitus) Rite of Spring; serialism • this is chant, but NOT Gregorian chant • SURFACE ORDER/INNER ORDER: minimalism (Reich, Music for 18) • SURFACE CHAOS/INNER CHAOS: chance methods (John Cage) CAGE listening example STEVE REICH

John Cage (1912-1992), Sonata II from Sonatas and Preferred the term Interludes for Prepared “process music” Piano (19 pieces composed 1946-1948) Formed his own -- influenced by gamelan ensemble to play and other non-Western pieces like music Drumming and Music for 18 Musicians

JOHN ADAMS

LISTENING EXAMPLE NIXON IN CHINA an opera about . . . Nixon in China CD EXAMPLE The Chairman Dances