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P2-Dec 00 IJW V6 INTERNATIONAL Journal of Wilderness DECEMBER 2000 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 3 FEATURES 31 Wilderness as Teacher 3 EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES Expanding the College Classroom Wild Rivers and Wilderness BY LAURA M. FREDERICKSON and BAYLOR L. JOHNSON BY DAVID N. COLE 35 The Central and Southern Sierra 4 SOUL OF THE WILDERNESS Wilderness Education Project A Value in Fear An Outreach Program That Works Some Rivers Remembered BY BARB MIRANDA BY LUNA B. LEOPOLD SCIENCE AND RESEARCH STEWARDSHIP 38 PERSPECTIVES FROM THE ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 7 The Value of Wilderness to the U.S. Wilderness Monitoring National Wildlife Refuge System New Directions and Opportunities BY JAMIE RAPPAPORT CLARK BY PETER LANDRES 12 Managing Campsite Impacts 39 Autonomous Agents in the Park on Wild Rivers An Introduction to the Grand Canyon Are There Lessons for Wilderness Managers? River Trip Simulation Model BY TERRY C. DANIEL and H. RANDY GIMBLETT BY DAVID N. COLE 17 The San Marcos River Wetlands Project WILDERNESS DIGEST Restoration and 44 Announcements & Wilderness Calendar Environmental Education in Texas BY THOMAS L. ARSUFFI, PAULA S. WILLIAMSON, 47 Book Reviews MARTA DE LA GARZA-NEWKIRK, and MELANI HOWARD • The Wilderness Concept and the Three Sisters Wilderness Voyage of Recovery by Les Joslin 22 REVIEWED BY JOHN HENDEE Restoration of the Wild and Scenic Missouri River • Requiem for Nature BY ANNIE STRICKLER by John Terborgh REVIEWED BY JOHN SHULTIS EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION • The River Reader Edited by John A. Murray 27 A Community-Based Wilderness REVIEWED BY CHRIS BARNS Education Partnership in Central Oregon Front cover photo of the headwaters of the Blackfoot River, Montana, USA © 2000 by the Aldo Leopold Institute. Photo inset of young river BY LES JOSLIN rafter © 2000 by David Cole. International Journal of Wilderness The International Journal of Wilderness links wilderness professionals, scientists, educators, environmentalists, and interested citizens worldwide with a forum for reporting and discussing wilderness ideas and events; inspirational ideas; planning, management, and allocation strategies; education; and research and policy aspects of wilderness stewardship. EXECUTIVE EDITORS Alan W. Ewert, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., USA Vance G. Martin, WILD Foundation, Ojai, Calif., USA Alan Watson, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, Mont., USA John Shultis, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C., Canada PRODUCTION EDITOR Kurt Caswell, Cascade School, Whitmore, Calif., USA WEB MASTER Wayne A. Freimund, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont., USA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF/MANAGING EDITOR John C. Hendee, Director, University of Idaho Wilderness Research Center, Moscow, Idaho ASSOCIATE EDITORS—INTERNATIONAL Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Karen Fox, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Les Molloy, Heritage Works, Wellington, New Zealand; Andrew Muir, South African Wilderness Leadership School, Durbin, South Africa; Ian Player, South Africa National Parks Board and The Wilderness Foundation, Howick, Natal, Republic of South Africa; Vicki A. M. Sahanatien, Fundy National Park, Alma, Canada; Won Sop Shin, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea; Anna-Liisa Sippola, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland; Pamela Wright, Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, B.C., Canada; Franco Zunino, Associazione Italiana per la Wilderness, Murialdo, Italy. ASSOCIATE EDITORS—UNITED STATES Greg Aplet, The Wilderness Society, Denver, Colo.; Liz Close, U.S. Forest Service, Washington D.C.; David Cole, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, Mont.; John Daigle, University of Maine, Orono, Maine; Chad Dawson, State University of New York, Syracuse, N.Y.; Lewis Glenn, Outward Bound USA, Garrison, N.Y.; Glenn Haas, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.; Troy Hall, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, Va.; Dr. William Hammit, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.; Greg Hansen, U.S. Forest Service, Mesa, Ariz.; Dave Harmon, Bureau of Land Management, Portland, Oreg.; Bill Hendricks, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Calif.; Steve Hollenhorst, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; Ed Krumpe, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; Jim Mahoney, Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix, Ariz.; Bob Manning, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.; Jeffrey Marion, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.; Leo McAvoy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; Michael McCloskey, Sierra Club, Washington, D.C.; Chris Monz, National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, Wyo.; Bob Muth, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.; Connie Myers, Arthur Carhart Wilderness Training Center, Missoula, Mont.; Roderick Nash, University of California, Santa Barbara, Calif.; David Ostergren, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Ariz.; Marilyn Riley, Wilderness Transitions and the Wilderness Guides Council, Ross, Calif.; Joe Roggenbuck, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.; Holmes Rolston III, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo.; Mitch Sakofs, Outward Bound, Garrison, N.Y.; Susan Sater, U.S. Forest Service, Portland, Oreg.; Tod Schimelpfenig, National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, Wyo.; Jerry Stokes, U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C.; Elizabeth Thorndike, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.; Jay Watson, The Wilderness Society, San Francisco, Calif. International Journal of Wilderness (IJW) publishes three issues per year Submissions: Contributions pertinent to wilderness worldwide are (April, August, and December). IJW is a not-for-profit publication. solicited, including articles on wilderness planning, management, and allocation strategies; wilderness education, including descriptions Manuscripts to: University of Idaho, Wilderness Research Center, of key programs using wilderness for personal growth, therapy, and Moscow, ID 83844-1144, USA. Telephone: (208) 885-2267. Fax: environmental education; wilderness-related science and research from (208) 885-2268. E-mail: [email protected]. all disciplines addressing physical, biological, and social aspects of wilderness; and international perspectives describing wilderness Business Management and Subscriptions: WILD Foundation, P.O. worldwide. Articles, commentaries, letters to the editor, photos, book Box 1380, Ojai, CA 93024, USA. Fax: (805) 640-0230. E-mail: reviews, announcements, and information for the wilderness digest are [email protected]. encouraged. A complete list of manuscript submission guidelines is available from the editors. Subscription rates (per volume calendar year): Subscription costs are in U.S. dollars only—$30 for individuals and $50 for organizations/ Artwork: Submission of artwork and photographs with captions are libraries. Subscriptions from Canada and Mexico, add $10; outside North encouraged. Photo credits will appear in a byline; artwork may be signed America, add $20. Back issues are available for $15. by the author. All materials printed in the International Journal of Wilderness, copyright World Wide Website: www.ijw.org. © 2000 by the International Wilderness Leadership (WILD) Foundation. Individuals, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make Printed on recycled paper. fair use of material from the journal. ISSN # 1086-5519. SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS • Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute • Indiana University, Department of Recreation and Park Administration • National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) • Outward Bound™ • The WILD® Foundation • The Wilderness Society • University of Idaho Wilderness Research Center • University of Montana, School of Forestry and Wilderness Institute • USDA Forest Service • USDI Bureau of Land Management • USDI Fish and Wildlife Service • USDI National Park Service • Wilderness Foundation (South Africa) • Wilderness Inquiry • Wilderness Leadership School (South Africa) 2 International Journal of Wilderness DECEMBER 2000 • VOLUME 6, NUMBER 3 FEATURES EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES Wild Rivers and Wilderness BY DAVID N. COLE ivers are magic. Their draw is irresistible. Their value Two lessons are particularly important: First, limiting cannot be overestimated. This issue of IJW, guest use has side effects, many unintended and undesirable. Redited by Alan Watson and myself, is the first of Questions surround the issue of private versus commercial two emphasizing rivers. Our hope is that both issues will permit allocations. Any established limit will tend to favor help increase interest and attention to wild rivers as an im- certain types of users. Tight restrictions on one river will portant component of the wilderness resource. increase use on other rivers. River managers have long dealt People flock to rivers for recreation. Many wild rivers in with these issues. Among their most important innovations the United States, particularly those with opportunities for has been the management of rivers on a regional scale, such prolonged trips and the thrill of whitewater, are so popular that opportunities are provided for as many different types that access to them must be limited. Commercial outfitting of users as possible. Rivers like the Selway in Idaho are on rivers is a huge and growing enterprise. Private groups managed for extremely wild, once-in-a-lifetime experiences, often must obtain permits through lotteries (with chances while others in the region offer less challenging experiences of drawing a permit less than 5%), or go on a waiting list of and more people. up to 10 years. The second important lesson
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