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Institute of Zoology Auditory Spatial Cognition in Different Vertebrate Taxa

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! University of Veterinary Medicine Institute of Zoology Auditory Spatial Cognition in Different Vertebrate Taxa THESIS submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree - Doctor rerum naturalium - (Dr. rer. nat) by Daniel Schmidtke Hannover, Germany Hannover 2013 ! Main Supervisor: PD Dr. Karl-Heinz Esser Co-Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Eckart Altenmüller Apl. Prof. Dr. Manuela Gernert 1st Evaluation: PD Dr. Karl-Heinz Esser Institute of Zoology University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover Prof. Dr. Eckart Altenmüller Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media Apl. Prof. Dr. Manuela Gernert Institute for Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover 2nd Evaluation: Prof. Jagmeet S. Kanwal, Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Biophysics Georgetown University, Washington Date of final exam: 13.04.2013 Sponsorship: Funding for this work was provided by the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes in form of a Ph.D. scholarship and a scholarship for studies abroad to Daniel Schmidtke. ! Parts of this thesis were presented to a scientific audience on the following occasions: 2008: Invited talk at the Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology (Seewiesen, Germany): ''Spatial cognition in mammals: new insights from a bat model.'' Talk at the Doctoral Student Forum of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (Cologne, Germany): ''Neuroethological studies on three-dimensional spatial cognition in mammals.'' 2009: Talk at the 2009 Meeting of the German Bat Research Community (Frauenwörth, Germany): ''Gender-specific orientation strategies in the lesser spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor.'' Talk at the 2nd Braunlage Meeting of the Center for Systems Neuroscience (Braunlage, Germany): ''Neuroethological studies on three-dimensional allocentric spatial cognition in mammals.'' 2010: Invited talk at the Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (Amsterdam, Netherlands): ''Spatial cognition in mammals: a story of mice, men, and microbats.'' Poster presentation at the 7th FENS Forum of European Neuroscience (Amsterdam, Netherlands): ''Manufacturing short Elgiloy (stainless steel) microelectrodes for telemetric neuronal recordings in freely behaving small mammals.'' – Abstracts: 7th FENS Forum of European Neuroscience (2010), 207.1 Poster presentation at the 2010 Meeting of the Center for Systems Neuroscience (Hannover, Germany): ''Studies on allocentric spatial cognition in mammals.'' 2011: Talk at the 2011 Meeting of the German Bat Research Community (Frauenwörth, Germany): ''Towards telemetric electrophysiological recordings in freely behaving bats.'' Poster presentation at the 9th Göttingen Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society (Göttingen, Germany): ''The utilisation of acoustic landmarks for orientation in humans without vision.'' – Proceedings: 9th Göttingen Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society (2011), T24-10C 2013: Poster presentation at the 10th Göttingen Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society (Göttingen, Germany): ''Acoustically guided wayfinding in humans: the role of gender and sightedness.'' – Proceedings: 10th Göttingen Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society (2013), T25-4B ! Chapters 3 and 4 of this thesis have been submitted for publication in peer-reviewed, scientific journals. In terms of content, chapter 3 of this thesis is identical to the respective, submitted manuscript. However, some minor modifications have been made to the text for consistency in writing style and layout. Chapter 3: Title: Acoustic Landmarks in Human Wayfinding: the Role of Gender and Sightedness. Authors: Daniel Schmidtke Sarah Galinski PD Dr. Karl-Heinz Esser Authors’ contributions: DS, SG and K-HE conceived and designed the experiments, DS and SG performed the experiments, DS analysed the data, K-HE contributed materials and analysis tools, DS wrote the manuscript. Journal: The manuscript has been submitted to PLOS ONE (status: under peer review)! Chapter 4: Title: Structure and Possible Functions of Constant-Frequency Calls in Ariopsis seemanni (Osteichthyes, Ariidae). Authors: Daniel Schmidtke Dr. Jochen Schulz Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jörg Hartung PD Dr. Karl-Heinz Esser Authors’ contributions: DS and K-HE conceived and designed the experiments, DS performed the experiments, DS analysed the data, JS and JH and K-HE contributed materials and analysis tools, DS wrote the manuscript. Journal: The manuscript has been submitted to PLOS ONE (status: published)! ! ! Index Summary!.............................................................................................................................................!1! Zusammenfassung!.............................................................................................................................!3! Chapter 1: General Introduction!...................................................................................................!7! Space!..............................................................................................................................................................!7! Egocentric Representations of Space!......................................................................................................!8! Allocentric Representations of Space!...................................................................................................!10! The Firing Properties of Place and Grid Cells!...................................................................................!11! Gender Differences in Orientation Strategies!.....................................................................................!16! Aims of This Thesis!...................................................................................................................................!17! Chapter 2: Towards Telemetric Recordings of Allocentric Spatial Representations in Freely Behaving Small Mammals!...............................................................................................!19! Characterising the Firing Properties of Place and Grid Cells!........................................................!19! Telemetric Devices!....................................................................................................................................!21! Manufacturing Short Elgiloy (Stainless Steel) Microelectrodes for Telemetric Neuronal Recordings in Freely Behaving Small Mammals!...............................................................................!23! Surgical Protocols for the Chronic Implantation of the Electrodes in Mice (Mus musculus) and Microbats (Phyllostomus discolor)!.................................................................................................!27! Results and Discussion!.............................................................................................................................!30! Chapter 3: Acoustic Landmarks in Human Wayfinding: the Role of Gender and Sightedness!.......................................................................................................................................!38! Abstract!.......................................................................................................................................................!38! Introduction!................................................................................................................................................!39! Materials and Methods!............................................................................................................................!41! Ethics statement!.......................................................................................................................................................!41! Test subjects!..............................................................................................................................................................!42! Experimental environment!...................................................................................................................................!42! Acoustic landmarks!.................................................................................................................................................!44! Videography!..............................................................................................................................................................!46! Experimental procedure!........................................................................................................................................!46! Personality measures!..............................................................................................................................................!47! Data acquisition!........................................................................................................................................................!49! Data preparation!.......................................................................................................................................................!51! Statistics!......................................................................................................................................................................!51! Results!..........................................................................................................................................................!55! Comparison of the training performances between the groups!................................................................!55!
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