RREEVIEWVIEW PPREREVIEWVIEW The Newsletter of the Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University Winter 2000 A Message From Paul Gleaning Wisdom From Diverse Views Our Public Policy Institute—Helps Institute Find Answers no, your Public Policy Insti- tute—is now three years old and United States. ty of views, varying from author thanks to the help and creativity Several members of the U.S. Studs Terkel to TV evangelist of many people, we have been Congress have expressed an in- Pat Robertson, from former able to make some solid con- terest in our recommendations. Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett tributions, but so much more Participants at the symposium Koop to former First Lady Bar- needs to be done. went away with a renewed bara Bush, from the head of the Let’s take the most recent sense of mission to help prevent Rabbinical Council of America, symposium that we held dis- future Rwanda-type tragedies Rabbi Jacob Rubenstein, to the cussing a little-known nation in from occurring. Muslim leader, Imam W. Deen Africa and its problems as an Not incidentally, a few Mohammed, from the head of example. Starting in the spring the U.S. Refugee Committee, of 1994, ethnic bloodshed cov- Roger Winter, to the head of ered the landscape of the tiny Africare, C. Payne Lucas, and nation of Rwanda, with some- a host of others who are less where between 500,000 and visible nationally but people 1,000,000 people slaughtered. who are making solid contribu-

Photo by Justin Jones The United States and other tions. Participants in our events nations that could have stopped have included the former U.S. this mini-holocaust did nothing. Ambassador to China Winston And now the hatreds and dif- Lord, Senators Paul Wellstone ficulties of Rwanda have spread (D-Minn.), Richard Lugar (R- to the neighboring nations of Ind.) and Dan Coats (R-Ind.) as Burundi, the Congo and Ugan- well as former Senator Carol da. Moseley-Braun and former Illi- So far as we know, no other nois Governor Jim Edgar. Three Public Policy Institute in the former Senators have joined our nation looked at Rwanda and discussions in Carbondale: Alan asked the fundamental ques- Simpson (R-Wyo.), John Dan- tion: What lessons can we learn forth (R-Mo.), and David Pryor from this tragedy? Our meet- (D-Ark). ing resulted in a major story Our gathering of faith lead- in the National Post of Toronto, ers of every stripe to look at Canada, and those expressing the moral issue of poverty in interest in our recommenda- our nation continues to nurture tions included former Swedish action—not headlines, but ac- Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson, Southern Illinois University Car- tion—though the meeting did who headed an international bondale faculty members and generate an editorial in the commission looking at this. A students took in the proceedings Christian Century and major sto- few weeks later they made some and—to use a biblical phrase— ries in some of the metropolitan blunt recommendations to the “grew in knowledge.” newspapers around the nation. United Nations and to the in- We have brought people to The list goes on: literacy, dustrial nations, including the our campus with a wide diversi- the international water shortage that looms ahead, the Social Secu- Continued on Page 2 REEVIEWVIEW PREVIEW continued from page one … rity Retirement Fund’s finances, how fort at campaign finance reform here an acknowledge-ment of the efforts of we can encourage creative people on in Illinois. To the credit of the four our Public Policy Institute in securing campuses to invent and secure patents, legislative leaders—Republicans Pate this, then-Governor Edgar flew down what can be done to encourage larger Philip and Lee Daniels and Democrats to Carbondale and signed the bill in employers to provide child care, and Mike Madigan and Emil Jones—each our office. a gathering of prosecutors, judges and complied with our request to name a I’ve gone on too long already. You former prisoners to examine methods key legislator who could work on this get the idea. We’re thoughtfully mak- of lessening our high rate of incarcera- issue. We asked for legislators who ing things happen by working with tion without increasing crime. would work at it, who were bright, key leaders of very differing perspec- We are not neglecting Illinois and and who had the confidence of the tives. our region either. Meetings with key leaders. The quartet that emerged— That would not be possible with- governmental and school leaders in Senators Kirk Dillard (R-Hinsdale) and out the help of you who read these Alexander and Pulaski counties, the Barack Obama (D–Chicago) and Rep- words. Your contributions are inching state’s most impoverished counties, resentative Gary Hannig (D-Litchfield) us in the direction of making perma- have resulted in some concrete actions and former Representative Jack Kubik nent a high-quality, action-oriented that should help in the long run. We’re (R-LaGrange Park)—met once a week “do tank” that contributes to the Uni- working with the Harrisburg schools with Mike Lawrence, the able associate versity that is our home base, but looks to see what can be done to encourage director of our Public Policy Institute. character education without violating They hammered out changes that did the guidelines of the courts. not satisfy everyone completely but Illustrative of the type of action are by far the most sweeping reforms we try to do was our successful ef- in this field in Illinois in 24 years. As

C. Everett Koop Delivers Blunt Assessment of Health Care Challenges

Former United States Surgeon General C. Everett Koop was his typi- cal blunt, no-nonsense self as he inau- gurated the institute’s Searle Public Health Lecture Series. He criticized the lack of health care insurance for 43 million Americans, managed care organizations and the role of malpractice suits in medicine. Koop noted most people sue their doc- tors to prevent similar mistakes from happening to others. The appropriate redress, he said, would be better polic- ing of the profession instead of costly malpractice suits. “Doctors can get away with murder for a long time in this country, simply by moving from town to town,” he From left: Richard De Schutter, Paul Simon said. “Our state boards of medical and Dr. C. Everett Koop examiners need to remove the bad a $100,000 gift from the G.D. Searle audience of more than 500 people. apples from the barrel.” Charitable Trust to the Public Policy After retiring in 1989 as Surgeon Gen- Institute. Richard De Schutter, CEO eral, Koop remains active in the health of Searle, introduced Dr. Koop to an care field through his writings, web “Doctors can get away with murder for a long time site (www.drkoop.com) and public ap- in this country, simply by moving from town to town. Our state pearances. He is also a Senior Scholar boards of medical examiners need to remove the bad apples from at Dartmouth College. the barrel.” —Dr. C. Everett Koop The Searle Public Health Lecture Series was established last year with 2 Winter 2000

Morton-Kenney Lecture and Youth Government Day Inspire Young People ormer Illinois Governor Jim Edgar Make a Difference.” Panelists included fairs Council for the Lieutenant Gover- F highlighted the challenges of Gene Callahan, retired after serving nor of Illinois. public service in back-to-back, Insti- as Director of Governmental Relations Maria Raicheva, an SIU graduate tute-sponsored appearances before for Major League Baseball and chief of student from Bulgaria, spoke about de- hundreds of university, community staff for former Senator Alan J. Dixon; mocracy and what we take for granted college and high school students. Mary O’Hara, associate professor of here in the United States. Edgar delivered the Morton- Tiffany Knoebel from Kenney Lecture to a packed Waterloo High School wrote: crowd of students, faculty and “Before this session, I hadn’t southern Illinois residents at known what I wanted to do the SIUC Lesar Law School after high school. However, Auditorium. The following since leaving SIUC that day, morning, 150 high school and I now have a better idea of community college students what field I want to go into— joined him and panelists at the government.” Student Center Auditorium After a barbecue for Youth Government Day. luncheon at the Student Rec- Paul Hanrahan, student reation Center, former U.S. council adviser at Johnsburg Congressman Glenn Poshard High School near the Illinois- and Simon concluded the Wisconsin border, drove his event. students the length of the state Edgar took a for Youth Government Day. weekend break from his “We all felt a deep sense of fellowship at the John F. honor having met you and so Kennedy School of Govern- many other leaders in state ment at Harvard University and national government,” to speak about the politics he said in a letter to Institute of governing and provide a Director Paul Simon after the candid assessment of how to event. “Most importantly, the get things done in the public students left the conference policy arena. with a new sense of the im- The Lecture Series portance and dignity of public was endowed by SIU alum- service.” Sociology, John A. Logan College; nus Jerome Mileur in honor Students from 27 high schools and Felicia Norwood, general manager, of two of Dr. Mileur’s political science four community colleges listened to AETNA US Healthcare, and Lori Wil- professors at SIUC: Ward Morton and a panel discussion of “How You Can liams, who now heads the Rural Af- Diverse Working Group to Address Forest Controversies he Public Policy Institute is making an innovative effort to encourage public involvement in shaping a plan for use of Tthe Shawnee National Forest well into the 21st century. Clashes over its use occurred repeatedly during the twilight of the 20th century. The institute is establishing a working group that will include individuals and organizations representing a cross-section of views and interests with respect to the Shawnee. The group will review testimony from a public hearing it conducted in October, gather and use other relevant information and seek to come to consensus on what are the major issues that must be addressed. Technical assistance will come from University resources, including experts in the environment, ecology, wildlife and forestry. “We want to protect the heritage of this great forest,” Paul Simon said. “Working together—not just shouting at each other but working together—is the key.” Among those attending the hearing were retired foresters, timber growers, Sierra Club members, ATV riders, horseback riders, motorcyclists, mountain bikers, tourism boards and conservation groups. Issues included access through trail sys- tems, tourism opportunities and protecting natural areas. This summer, the U.S. Forest Service asked the Public Policy Institute to assist it in gathering public opinion about the re- vised Forest Plan.“We agreed to act as an independent agent in assuring that all perspectives would be considered as part

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Co-Sponsored by the Institute and University Press What I Have Learned …

Studs Terkel Longtime oral historian, famous radio personality and renowned author Studs Terkel entertained a standing room-only audience with people of all ages crowding into the SIUC Lesar Law School Auditorium to listen. Since graduating from the University of Chicago Law School in 1934, Terkel has been a civil service employee, actor, playwright, jazz columnist, disc jockey, panel moderator, lec- turer, film narrator, music festival host, radio news commentator and sportscaster, network television personality and Pulitzer Prize-win- ning author. Terkel discussed the present labor situ- ation, the value of education and excesses of technology. “We are reaching a point of no return. Society is more concerned with the field of communications rather than communicating,” Terkel said. He was also delighted to see a woman who reintroduced herself during the question Studs Terkel and answer portion of the lecture. She was in- cluded in Terkel’s book Division Street: America. Afterwards, he attended a dinner with William Warfield journalism students and faculty. Terkel’s William Warfield played the piano, sang “Summertime” from the lecture was cosponsored by the Virginia Mar- opera Porgy and Bess and entertained his audience with lessons learned maduke Lecture Series. through a career that has spanned more than 50 years. The 79-year-old Warfield, best known for his moving rendition of “Old Man River” in the 1951 version of the movie Showboat, spoke to SIU music and theater students, taped an inter- view show with Paul Simon and delivered his lecture to an early evening audience. “That’s what I’m here for—not just to sing and receive the adulation of the crowds—but to pass it on to others,” Warfield said. “The spirit of what we do as musicians is passed on to you.” Fluent in German, French, Italian and Latin, Warfield delighted the audience when he sang his trademark “Old Man River” in German. He chuckled as he remembered how audiences in Germany and Austria would ask to hear the song in English because that was the version most familiar to them. Throughout his career, Warfield worked with many notable artists including Ira Gersh- win, Leonard Bernstein and Aaron Copland. It was collaboration with Copland on A Lincoln Portrait that garnered Warfield his first Grammy award.

4 Winter 2000

… And Would Like To Pass On Lecture Series

Carol Moseley-Braun Just confirmed as ambassador to New Zealand, former U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun made SIUC one of her last stops before leaving for New Zealand in December. “One person can make a difference for good,” she said in her opening remarks at Shryock Auditorium. “Not everyone can save the world, but everyone can make a difference in an- other person’s life.” Moseley-Braun kept her promise to speak at SIUC after canceling an earlier visit because of her ambassadorial confir- mation hearing. During her visit, she spoke to political science students both formally and informally and held a news confer- ence before delivering her lecture. Her message stressed how each person can have a positive impact on others. “Individual action, coupled with collective activity, can make a change for the good,” she said. “We all have a personal and individual responsibility to use our talents to do our best and benefit the life of at least one person.”

Carol Moseley-Braun Fred Korematsu

Fred Korematsu’s sense of injustice spurred him to launch what became a history-making challenge to the intern- ment of himself and 110,000 other Japanese Americans during World War II. “I was born in the states and this was my country,” Korematsu said during his lecture to hundreds from the South- ern Illinois University Carbondale community. “I didn’t feel like I had done anything wrong. I didn’t feel like I was a criminal. I thought ‘I am an American and this is ridiculous.’” Korematsu, born in Oakland, Calif., was a 23-year-old shipyard welder when orders came down for Americans of Japanese ancestry to report to internment camps. He refused and his defiance resulted in his arrest, felony conviction and internment. He recalled the confusion felt by many and said that even the police officers apologized as they handcuffed him. A legal battle soon followed. In the renowned 1944 case, Korematsu v. U.S, the United States Supreme Court upheld his lower court conviction for violating military orders. Forty years later, Judge Marilyn Hall Patel of the Ninth District Federal Court in San Francisco vacated Korematsu’s conviction. That court, in 1983, found that the U.S. government had altered, suppressed and destroyed evidence that would have shown that Japanese Americans posed no danger to the country and that would have negated arguments supporting the military necessity for interning Japanese Americans. “Even the government tried to sneak out of it by offering me a pardon,” Korematsu noted of the case in the early 1980s. “I said pardon? You should need the pardon, not me!” In 1998, he was honored by President Clinton with the President’s Medal of Freedom, the country’s highest civilian honor. First-year law student Sean Collins-Stapleton was inspired by Korematsu’s visit. “We will not soon forget the beam- ing smile that came, after all these years, to Mr. Korematsu’s face as he spoke of an ACLU attorney paying him a surprise visit in jail,” Collins-Stapleton said. “We should all hope to have a chance to render justice to a client as deserving as Mr. Korematsu sometime in our careers.”

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Idea Exchanges Stimulate Action

Area Groups Dream Big for the Arts

The Institute’s idea: tap into the expertise of a diverse group to examine what role communities can play in developing and stabilizing the arts in southern Illinois. “The arts are one piece of a mosaic in terms of what we can do to enrich life in southern Illinois,” Paul Simon said during a wide-ranging discussion that launched the initiative. He later asked participants to work together to develop specific proposals. Short-term ideas for improving cultural opportunities in southern Illinois included making the arts more visually apparent in our com- munities through sculptures, murals and architecture; dedicating a television channel in area hotels to local events; promoting an area gallery guide; and developing a regional arts tour similar to the winery tours now marketed statewide. The Carbondale Community Arts organization initiated the meet- ing. Attending were representatives from SIUC’s Black American Stud- ies, music, opera, theater and photography programs, the City of Car- bondale, the Illinois State Museum at Rend Lake, a local theater group and other organizations dedicated to the arts. Key To Democracy Is Early Participation More Resources, Technical Help Are Keys to Spur Inventions How can we get Americans—par- Creative entrepreneurs need encouragement, marketing guidance and legal ticularly young Americans—engaged expertise to stimulate them and convert their initiatives into products and pat- in their communities and public poli- ents. cy? That was the consensus among a patent lawyer, SIUC officials, faculty Former Illinois Gov. Jim Edgar members involved in research and a Southern Illinois businessman who has and former U.S. Sen. Paul Simon led made the leap from creativity to profit. a lively discussion on the subject with Paul Simon and Mike Lawrence will explore possibilities for additional high school administrators and teach- federal and state funding. Among other things, the University should be able to ers, local media, SIU representatives offer assistance to entrepreneurs throughout southern Illinois and to establish a and community leaders. self-help legal center to educate citizens on the patent process, those attending “We are just not participating in an institute idea exchange recommended. public life the way we should be,” Si- Participants included Cal Meyers, SIUC emeritus faculty and successful mon said in leading off the discussion. inventor; John K. Roedel Jr., a St. Louis patent lawyer; Brian, Gwena and Jody “There’s a feeling somehow that we Johnson, successful southern Illinois entrepreneurs; Tom Guernsey, dean of the have gotten off track.” SIU School of Law; Peter H. Ruger, the University’s general counsel; Jeff Myers, Edgar pointed to issues of trust who spearheads SIUC efforts to stimulate and market inventions; Kevin Dorsey, as part of the problem. “One of the associate provost of the SIU School of Medicine; and SIUC faculty members Bill dilemmas is that there is a lack of faith in those of us in the process. People Labor Administrator Leads Discussion on Child Care want to feel confident that the person isn’t going to embarrass them or betray Employers benefit from offering convincing small and medium employ- their trust. We have to instill in elected child care. ers in rural areas that providing child officials the understanding that they That was the message Nancy care options to employees makes busi- have to be very careful not to undo that Chen, regional administrator of the ness sense, and meeting nontraditional trust.” Women’s Bureau in the U.S. Depart- child care needs such as evening and Cindi Canary, executive director ment of Labor, brought to an Institute- weekend care. of the Illinois Campaign for Political organized meeting of child care pro- Members of the group included Reform, added, “In Chicago, there is no fessionals and educators in southern Mindy Byram, director of Gilbert Brad- civics curriculum. What we are giving Illinois. ley Day Care; Eva Murray, director of young people is news where they see The group discussed quality, Rainbow’s End; Zane Neely of Neely the horse race or advertising where accessibility and affordability of child Services; Sara Starbuck, SIU Early they get the mudslinging, but they care for working parents. Participants Childhood Education; and Dr. Martin don’t get what’s meaningful.” brainstormed about encouraging col- Tracy, SIU School of Social Work. A few months later Simon and laboration among local businesses; Edgar headlined a daylong program that drew hundreds of high school and 6 community college students. Winter 2000

Experts Call for Dramatic Action to Avert Global Water Crisis Biographer of a Southern Illinois xperts at a symposium on water desalination determined that a grave global Legend Shares E water crisis will be averted only if the United States and countries throughout the world make substantial investments in developing efficient and Insights With SIUC effective technologies to remove salt from seawater. Community The group—assembled under the sponsorship of the Public Policy Insti- he legendary Paul Powell was tute and the SIUC-based International one of Illinois’ most colorful Water Resources Association—urged T politicians. He was speaker of countries to commit 5 percent of what they spend on weapons research and/ the Illinois House and secretary or 1 percent of what they allocate for of state. His political clout and defense toward desalination. skills helped put Illinois into “In the next 40 to 90 years, the world Harry Truman’s column during population will increase dramatically, the storied 1948 presidential cam- but our water supply will not increase. paign. His wheeling and dealing Nations have gone to war over oil. helped marshal the resources to They almost certainly will go to war make Southern Illinois University over water if we don’t take significant the second largest higher educa- action now,” Paul Simon said. “Seawa- ter comprises 97 percent of the world’s tion institution in the state. It also water. A key component of our strategy to head off this looming catastrophe must made him a rich man—and the be to make seawater fit for consumption.” subject of numerous stories by The conferees noted 5 percent of what Congress now appropriates annually investigative journalists. Indeed, for military research would amount to nearly $2 billion. “Such an expenditure for even in death, the southern Il- desalination research could have staggering results for a better world,” they said linois native made national head- in a statement that accompanied their recommendations. lines with reports that hundreds The recommendation concerning desalination in the Mideast came from the of thousands of dollars were conference’s keynote speaker, Wayne Owens, who is president of the Center for discovered in a shoebox in his Middle East Peace and Economic Cooperation. The former Utah congressman, who had just returned from the Middle East, stressed desalination could be a ma- Springfield apartment. jor factor in facilitating a permanent agreement. It is small wonder, then, that Rob- Other participants included James Birkett, West Neck Strategies; Werner For- ert Hartley’s remarks stimulated nos, The Population Institute; Peter Gleick, the Pacific Institute for Studies in De- lively discussion at an Institute velopment, Environment and Security; Mark Hammond, Southwest Florida Water breakfast prompted by publica- Management District; Peter Hofmann, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp.; tion of Hartley’s new biography Gordon Leitner, International Desalination and Water Reuse Quarterly; Andrew on Powell entitled Paul Powell of Macoun, The World Bank; Kevin Price, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Glenn Stout, Illinois: A Lifelong Democrat. Hart- past president of the International Water Resources Association; William Warren, ley also spoke to a political sci- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Ian Watson, AEPI/RosTek, Inc.; and Floyd Wicks, CEO, American States Water Company. ence class while on campus. For a copy of the full set of recommendations, contact the Institute. He traced Powell’s political as- cendancy, including his election as speaker with the help of House Paul and Jeanne Republican crossovers. Hartley Simon exchange also related how Powell took on views with Roma- the president of the University of nian President Emil Illinois and its powerful cham- Constantinescu and pion in the Illinois Senate to win U.S. Ambassador to Romania James C. additional funding for Southern Rosapepe in Bucha- Illinois University. And he dis- rest, Romania. cussed Powell’s association with the racetrack industry—an as- sociation that brought him both income and notoriety.

7 REEVIEWVIEW PREVIEW International Experts Recommend Reforms To Prevent Future Genocides

nternational relations experts Iconvened by the Institute have recommended dozens of reforms to prevent a repetition of the genocide that took nearly a million lives in Rwanda. “The world community and our national leadership must not let another Rwanda occur,” said Paul Simon. The participants, including David Rawson, U.S. ambassador to the Af- rican nation as the crisis developed in 1994, made a series of recommen- dations to the United Nations, the Institute Director Paul Simon and C. Payne Lucas, U.S. government and the media. president of Africare Among other things, they urged the U.N. to establish a rapid-response Forges, 1999 MacArthur Fellow Refugees; Mike Cherry, attorney mechanism that can be employed and author of the book Leave with the Chicago law firm of Cher- when Rwanda-like catastrophes None to Tell the Story: Genocide in ry & Flynn; and Seymour Bryson, are taking shape. They also said Rwanda; Professor Rene Lemarch- SIUC associate chancellor. the U.S. must be willing to take and, Thomas Watson Institute at Copies of the lengthy recommen- risks with military personnel and Brown University; C. Payne Lucas, dations are available from the financial resources when the lives president, Africare; Professor D. Institute. of massive numbers of people are K. Smith, Southeast Missouri State at stake. University; Roger Winter, execu- Participants included Alison Des tive director, U.S. Committee for

Review & Preview is published twice a year for contributors to and friends of the Public Policy Institute. Director: Paul Simon. Associate Director: Mike Lawrence. Editor: Julie Kaiser. Graphic Designer: Bonnie Marx, Publications Office. Phone (618) 453-4009; Fax (618) 453-7800; E-mail [email protected]; Internet Web Site www.siu.edu/~ppi. Printed by University Printing and Duplicating. Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Public Policy Institute Permit No. 15 Mail Code 4429 Carbondale, IL Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-4429