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Neonicotinoid Insecticide Seed Treatments in Soybean: an Indirect Means of Reducing CMV Incidence in Processing Green Beans

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Neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments in soybean: an indirect means of reducing CMV incidence in processing green beans

2018 Wisconsin Agribusiness Classic
January 11, 2018

Russell L. Groves1 and Brian A. Nault2

1Department of Entomology, 537 Russell Laboratories 1630 Linden Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
2Department of Entomology, 525 Barton Laboratories 630 W. North Street,
Geneva, NY 14456

Presentation Outline – New Project

• Chronology of green bean viruses in Wisconsin • Dynamics of virus spread • 2017 – 2018 Research Objective – Determine whether low populations of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, correspond with low infection rates of recent virus infections (Cucumber mosaic virus)

• Future directions and new steps

Total Impact of Specialty Crop Production and Processing

(Economic activity in $ millions per year)

Keene and Mitchell, 2010

Processing Snap Bean: Pest Phenology in Wisconsin

European corn borer
Potato leafhopper
Seed corn maggot

Harvesting
Planting

  • 5/5 5/19 6/2 6/16 6/30 7/14 7/28 8/11 8/25
  • 9/8 9/22 10/6

Date

Biology and Distribution of the Soybean aphid

(Aphis glycines Matsumura)

© Merle Shepard, Bugwood.org

North Central Region – Aphid Suction Trap Network

 Weekly captures of dispersing aphid species.  Dr. David Voegtlin, Illinois Natural History Survey

Acyrthosiphon pisum Aphis craccivora Aphis glycines

"Pea aphid" "Black legume aphid" "Soybean aphid"

Aphis gossypii Aphis helianthi Aphis nasturtii Aphis spiraecola

"Cotton- melon aphid" "Sunflower or dogwood aphid" "Buckthorn - potato aphid" "Spiraea aphid"

Brachycaudus helichrysi Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Macrosiphum euphorbiae Myzus persicae Rhopalosiphum insertum Rhopalosiphum maidis Rhopalosiphum padi Schizaphis graminum Sitobion avenae

"Leaf curling plum aphid" "Turnip aphid" "Potato aphid" "Peach potato aphid" "Apple grass aphid" "Corn leaf aphid" "Bird cherry-oat aphid" "Greenbug"
"English grain aphid"
"Spotted Alfalfa aphid"

Therioaphis trifolii

Seasonal Dispersal – 2007 Suction Trap Data

Week 19
(12-19 May)
Week 23
(9-16 June)

Seasonal Dispersal – 2007 Suction Trap Data

Week 27
(7-14 July)
Week 31
(4-11 August)

Seasonal Dispersal – 2007 Suction Trap Data

Week 35
(1-8 Sept)
Week 39
(29 Sept-6 Oct)

Proportion of lots not experiencing down-grades or rejections resulting from Potato virus Y - Potato

20%

Year

  • Rank Species
  • Captures

313169 146799
79793 50138 24010 19439 12496 11749 10160
9871

Aphid species diversity 2005-2017

123456789

Aphis glycines Rhopalosiphum padi Rhopalosiphum maidis Pemphigus sp. Tetraneura sp. Therioaphis trifolii Capitophorus elaeagni Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sitobion avenae
10 Hyalopterus pruni 11 Hyadaphis foeniculi 12 Acyrthosiphon pisum 13 Aphis craccivora

9004 8733 8607

14 Pemphigus populitransversus 15 Capitophorus hippophaes 16 Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae 17 Schizaphis graminum 18 Lipaphis pseudobrassicae 19 Rhopalosiphum insertum 20 Phylloxeridae

7581 7458 6710 6119 6067 5426 5009

21 Aphis asclepiadis

4277

22 Anoecia cornicola 23 Aphis gossypii

3656 3636

24 Colopha ulmicola

3611

25 Myzus persicae

2770

26 Uroleucon sp.

2567

27 Aphis nasturtii

2522

28 Myzus lythri

2479

29 Macrosiphum euphorbiae

2460

2010 Biotechnology Endorsement Estimates – proportion of acreage adopting transformation technology

Hutchison et al. 2010

Insecticide Seed Treatment Gains Traction as a Standard Agricultural Practice
Green Bean Virus Complex (2003 – Present)

Major Viruses: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV – seedborne/aphid) Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV - aphid) Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV - aphid)

CMV

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV – aphid) Clover yellow vein virus (CLYVV – aphid)

Minor Viruses:

CLYVV

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRV-nematode) Tomato ringspot (TmRSV-nematode) Soybean mosaic virus (SMV – seedborne/aphid) Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2 - aphid)

Emerging bean viruses: the problem (Wisconsin)

Wisconsin Snap Bean Survey
2003

100.00%
90.00%
79.00%
80.00%

70.00%
59.13%
60.00%
52.78%

CMV
50.00%

40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00%
0.00%
42.66%
AMV

BCMV

22.60%
21.99%

19.50%
18.00%

3.00%
0.66%
2.50%
0.00%
0.33%
0.00%
0.00%

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

Central Sands New Richmond Spring Green

Door County Oconto County

Location

German et al. (2004)

Emerging bean viruses: the problem (New York)

Mean percent of snap bean plants with CMV in (A) early-planted, (B) middle-planted, and (C) late-planted snap bean fields in New York (n = 4 fields/yr).

Nault et al. (2009)

Non-Persistent Transmission

  • Acquisition
  • Transmission
  • Retention

  • seconds
  • seconds
  • hours

Used with permission, T.L. German

Non-Persistent Transmission: Movement in Insects

  •  Food Ingestion
  • Egestion

- Pathogen particles attach to maxillary lumen
- Pathogen particles released with saliva

  • Ingestion
  • Salivation

Non-Persistent Transmission: Challenge for control

• Acquisition time - time required to acquire pathogen
– seconds

• Inoculation time - time required by infectious insect to inoculate a susceptible host

– seconds

• Latent period - (minimum time between acquisition of a pathogen and ability to transmit)

– zero

• Retention time - time after acquisition that a vector remains capable of transmitting the virus
– minutes to hours

Virus Incidence Testing, Plover, WI

. Two Years (2017 & 2018) – Portage and Waushara Counties . Green beans (Del Monte Foods, 2 ‘Blue Lakes’ varieties) . 200 individual plants sampled / field (DAS-ELISA) . 20 fields sampled: mid- (N=10) and late-season (N=10) planting dates . 30 alfalfa field locations (Columbia and Waushara Counties) – late planting sampling times (08/11/2017)

. At-plant seed treatments (THMX)

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