DOCSLIB.ORG

Declines in Non-Persistent Viruses of Succulent Green Bean: a Value Proposition for At-Plant Seed Treatments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Declines in non-persistent viruses of succulent green bean: a value proposition for at-plant seed treatments 2019 Wisconsin Agribusiness Classic January 17, 2019 Russell L. Groves1, Scott A. Chapman1, Benjamin Bradford1, Don Caine2, Michael Johnson2, Matthew Badtke2, and Brian A. Nault3 1Department of Entomology, 537 Russell Laboratories 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 2Del Monte Foods, Inc., 1400 Plover Rd, Plover, WI 54467 3Department of Entomology, 525 Barton Laboratories 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456 Presentation Outline – New Project – Old problem • Chronology of green bean viruses in Wisconsin & New York • Dynamics of virus spread • 2017 – 2019 Research Objective – Determine whether low populations of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, correspond with low infection rates of recent virus infections (Cucumber mosaic virus) Dr. Brian A. Nault, Professor • Future directions and new steps Cornell University Green Bean Virus Complex (2003 – Present) Major Viruses: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV – seedborne/aphid) Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV - aphid) Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV - aphid) CMV Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV – aphid) Clover yellow vein virus (CLYVV – aphid) Minor Viruses: CLYVV Tobacco ringspot virus (TRV-nematode) Tomato ringspot (TmRSV-nematode) Soybean mosaic virus (SMV – seedborne/aphid) Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2 - aphid) CMV impact on snap bean yield Non-infected CMV-Infected Photo: B. Nault Emerging bean viruses: the problem (Wisconsin) Wisconsin Snap Bean Survey 2003 100.00% 90.00% 79.00% 80.00% 70.00% 59.13% 60.00% 52.78% CMV 50.00% 42.66% AMV BCMV 40.00% Virus Incidence Virus 30.00% 22.60% 21.99% 19.50% 18.00% 20.00% 10.00% 3.00% 2.50% 0.00% 0.66% 0.00% 0.00% 0.33% 0.00% 1 2 3 4 5 Central Sands New Richmond SpringLocation Green Door County Oconto County German et al. (2004) CMV impact on snap bean industry – processing plant Year Estimated Loss ($)* Year Estimated Loss ($)* 2001 2,000,000 2010 limited 2002 700,000 2011 limited 2003 1,000,000 2012 limited 2004 500,000 2013 limited 2005 1,500,000 2014 limited 2006 limited 2015 limited 2007 2,500,000 2016 limited 2008 limited 2017 limited 2009 1,000,000 2018 limited *CMV caused over $9 million in losses in a decade (source: Vegetable Processing Industry in New York) CMV impact on snap bean industry – processing plant Year Estimated Loss ($)* Year Estimated Loss ($)* 2001 2,000,000 2010 limited 2002 700,000 2011 limited 2003 1,000,000 2012 limited 2004 500,000 2013 limited Why? 2005 1,500,000 2014 limited 2006 limited 2015 limited 2007 2,500,000 2016 limited 2008 limited CMV2017 virtually absent,limited probably 2009 1,000,000 because2018 no soybeanlimited aphids *CMV caused over $9 million in losses in a decade (source: Vegetable Processing Industry in New York) Possible sources of variation (CMV): vector, cultivar and landscape Aphis glycines (Hystyle – Huntington) Insect Vector Cultivar changes Landscape Biology and Distribution of the Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) © Merle Shepard, Bugwood.org Nonpersistent virus acquistion by insects - aphids Non-persistent (CMV, AMV, PVY) often referred to as “stylet-borne” Haemocoel PSG ASG Midgut Hindgut Salivary Food Canal Canal Phloem Non-persistent virus movement in insects Food Ingestion - pathogen Egestion - pathogen particles particles attach to maxillary lumen released with saliva Ingestion Salivation Non-persistent transmission Acquisition time - time required to acquire pathogen Seconds Inoculation time - time required by infectious insect to inoculate a susceptible host Seconds Latent period - (minimum time between acquisition of a pathogen and ability to transmit) Zero Retention time - time after acquisition that a vector remains capable of transmitting the virus Minutes to hours Research objectives • To monitor activity of winged soybean aphids in snap bean fields • To assess incidence of CMV in snap bean fields • Evaluate the influence of cultivar and local landscape on insect abundance and virus incidence Aphid collection methods - New York Sampling aphids • New York only • 2017 & 2018 • 3 periods (early, middle and late) • 4 fields/ period • 3 traps/ field • Sampled weekly • Aphids identified to species Ceramic tile on bottom + water + soap Aphid collections – Wisconsin (Suction Trap Network) Weekly captures of dispersing aphid species. Dr. David Voegtlin, Illinois Natural History Survey Acyrthosiphon pisum "Pea aphid" Aphis craccivora "Black legume aphid" Aphis glycines "Soybean aphid" Aphis gossypii "Cotton- melon aphid" Aphis helianthi "Sunflower or dogwood aphid" Aphis nasturtii "Buckthorn - potato aphid" Aphis spiraecola "Spiraea aphid" Brachycaudus helichrysi "Leaf curling plum aphid" Lipaphis pseudobrassicae "Turnip aphid" Macrosiphum euphorbiae "Potato aphid" Myzus persicae "Peach potato aphid" Rhopalosiphum insertum "Apple grass aphid" Rhopalosiphum maidis "Corn leaf aphid" Rhopalosiphum padi "Bird cherry-oat aphid" Schizaphis graminum "Greenbug" Sitobion avenae "English grain aphid" Therioaphis trifolii "Spotted Alfalfa aphid" Virus detection methods – New York & Wisconsin Sampling Plants for CMV • NY: n= 46 and 38 fields in 2017 and 2018, respectively; WI: n= 20 fields in 2017 and 2018 • Sampled 500 plants/field (NY); 200 plants/field (WI) at bloom stage • Random collection of plants • DAS-ELISA • PCR confirmation (WI samples only) ~ 97% • (+) was 3x OD reading in negative control RESULTS - Winged aphid activity – New York Mean winged aphids/ snap bean field/ trap over 4 weeks Sampling period 2002-2006 Mid June – mid July 8 (6-11) Mid July – early Aug 17 (3-42) Early Aug – early Sept 17 (4-25) RESULTS - Winged aphid activity – New York Mean winged aphids/ snap bean field/ trap over 4 weeks Sampling period 2002-2006 2017 Mid June – mid July 8 (6-11) 12.6 Mid July – early Aug 17 (3-42) 1.4 Early Aug – early Sept 17 (4-25) 13.9 RESULTS - Winged aphid activity – New York No. of winged aphids/ snap bean field/ trap over 4 weeks Sampling period 2002-2006 2017 Mid June – mid July 8 (6-11) 12.6 NO Mid July – early Aug 17 (3-42) 1.4 soybean aphids! Early Aug – early Sept 17 (4-25) 13.9 Rank Species Captures Aphid species diversity 1 Aphis glycines 313169 2 Rhopalosiphum padi 146799 2005-2017 3 Rhopalosiphum maidis 79793 4 Pemphigus sp. 50138 5 Tetraneura sp. 24010 6 Therioaphis trifolii 19439 7 Capitophorus elaeagni 12496 8 Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale 11749 9 Sitobion avenae 10160 10 Hyalopterus pruni 9871 11 Hyadaphis foeniculi 9004 12 Acyrthosiphon pisum 8733 13 Aphis craccivora 8607 14 Pemphigus populitransversus 7581 15 Capitophorus hippophaes 7458 16 Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae 6710 17 Schizaphis graminum 6119 18 Lipaphis pseudobrassicae 6067 19 Rhopalosiphum insertum 5426 20 Phylloxeridae 5009 21 Aphis asclepiadis 4277 22 Anoecia cornicola 3656 23 Aphis gossypii 3636 24 Colopha ulmicola 3611 25 Myzus persicae 2770 26 Uroleucon sp. 2567 27 Aphis nasturtii 2522 28 Myzus lythri 2479 29 Macrosiphum euphorbiae 2460 Aphid collections – Wisconsin (Suction Trap Network) Aphid collections – Wisconsin (Suction Trap Network) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Aphid collections – Wisconsin (Suction Trap Network) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 New York - snap bean fields infected with CMV in 2017 0% infected with CMV 1-19% infected with CMV 20-100% infected with CMV Wisconsin - snap bean fields infected with CMV in 2017 0% infected with CMV 1-19% infected with CMV 20-100% infected with CMV Virus detection results Incidence of CMV in snap bean fields Number of fields in Estimated mean which CMV was incidence of CMV per Year State detected field 2017 New York 1/46 0.004% Wisconsin 1/20 0.025% RESULTS - Winged aphid activity – New York Mean winged aphids/ snap bean field/ trap over 4 weeks Sampling period 2002-2006 2017* 2018** Mid June – mid July 8 (6-11) 12.6 128.5 Mid July – early Aug 17 (3-42) 1.4 24 Early Aug – early Sept 17 (4-25) 13.9 69 * No soybean aphids in any samples ** Aphids now being identified to species Virus detection results Incidence of CMV in snap bean fields Number of fields in Estimated mean which CMV was incidence of CMV per Year State detected field 2017 New York 1/46 0.004% Wisconsin 1/20 0.025% 2018 New York 22/38 18.7% Wisconsin 19/20 47.4% New York - snap bean fields infected with CMV in 2018 0% infected with CMV 1-19% infected with CMV 20-100% infected with CMV Wisconsin - snap bean fields infected with CMV in 2018 0% infected with CMV 1-19% infected with CMV 20-100% infected with CMV Preliminary Results Summary • In 2017, no soybean aphids in NY samples, few in WI samples; CMV virtually absent from snap bean fields in NY and WI • In 2018, many more aphids in NY and WI (species being identified); CMV was back at moderate levels in many fields in NY and WI 2010 Biotechnology Endorsement Estimates – proportion of acreage adopting transformation technology Hutchison et al. 2010 Global Insecticide Seed Treatment Use is Increasing “The global insecticide seed treatment market is projected to reach nearly $1.6 billion by 2016, growing at a CAGR of 11.4%.” (Source: marketsandmarkets.com. January 2012). Neonicotinoid concentrations and planting date Jul 1 Acknowledgements Research Grant Funding: Midwest Food Processors Association USDA SCRI – SCBG Program In-kind support for this program provided by: Del Monte Foods (Plover, WI): Matthew Badtke, Mike Johnson, and Don Caine.
Recommended publications
  • Neonicotinoid Insecticide Seed Treatments in Soybean: an Indirect Means of Reducing CMV Incidence in Processing Green Beans

    Neonicotinoid Insecticide Seed Treatments in Soybean: an Indirect Means of Reducing CMV Incidence in Processing Green Beans

    Neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments in soybean: an indirect means of reducing CMV incidence in processing green beans 2018 Wisconsin Agribusiness Classic January 11, 2018 Russell L. Groves1 and Brian A. Nault2 1Department of Entomology, 537 Russell Laboratories 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 2Department of Entomology, 525 Barton Laboratories 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456 Presentation Outline – New Project • Chronology of green bean viruses in Wisconsin • Dynamics of virus spread • 2017 – 2018 Research Objective – Determine whether low populations of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, correspond with low infection rates of recent virus infections (Cucumber mosaic virus) • Future directions and new steps Total Impact of Specialty Crop Production and Processing (Economic activity in $ millions per year) Keene and Mitchell, 2010 Processing Snap Bean: Pest Phenology in Wisconsin European corn borer Potato leafhopper Seed corn maggot Harvesting Planting 5/5 5/19 6/2 6/16 6/30 7/14 7/28 8/11 8/25 9/8 9/22 10/6 Date Biology and Distribution of the Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) © Merle Shepard, Bugwood.org North Central Region – Aphid Suction Trap Network Weekly captures of dispersing aphid species. Dr. David Voegtlin, Illinois Natural History Survey Acyrthosiphon pisum "Pea aphid" Aphis craccivora "Black legume aphid" Aphis glycines "Soybean aphid" Aphis gossypii "Cotton- melon aphid" Aphis helianthi "Sunflower or dogwood aphid" Aphis nasturtii "Buckthorn - potato aphid" Aphis spiraecola "Spiraea aphid" Brachycaudus
  • Soybean Mosaic Virus

    Soybean Mosaic Virus

    -- CALIFORNIA D EP AUM ENT OF cdfa FOOD & AGRICULTURE ~ California Pest Rating Proposal for Soybean mosaic virus Current Pest Rating: none Proposed Pest Rating: C Kingdom: Orthornavirae; Phylum: Pisuviricota Class: Stelpaviricetes; Order: Patatavirales Family: Potyviridae; Genus: Potyvirus Comment Period: 6/15/2020 through 7/30/2020 Initiating Event: On August 9, 2019, USDA-APHIS published a list of “Native and Naturalized Plant Pests Permitted by Regulation”. Interstate movement of these plant pests is no longer federally regulated within the 48 contiguous United States. There are 49 plant pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes) on this list. California may choose to continue to regulate movement of some or all these pathogens into and within the state. In order to assess the needs and potential requirements to issue a state permit, a formal risk analysis for Soybean mosaic virus is given herein and a permanent pest rating is proposed. History & Status: Background: The family Potyviridae contains six genera and members are notable for forming cylindrical inclusion bodies in infected cells that can be seen with light microscopy. Of the six genera, the genus Potyvirus contains by far the highest number of important plant pathogens Named after Potato virus Y, “pot-y-virus” particles are flexuous and filamentous and composed of ssRNA and a protein coat. Most diseases caused by potyviruses appear primarily as mosaics, mottling, chlorotic rings, or color break on foliage, flowers, fruits, and stems. Many cause severe stunting of young plants and drastically reduced yields with leaf, fruit, and stem malformations, fruit drop, and necrosis (Agrios, 2005). Soybean is one of the most important sources of edible oil and proteins for people and animals, and a source of biofuel.
  • Role of Soybean Mosaic Virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean

    Role of Soybean Mosaic Virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean

    Virology e-Xtra* Role of Soybean mosaic virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean Sushma Jossey, Houston A. Hobbs, and Leslie L. Domier First and second authors: Department of Crop Sciences, and third author: United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801. Accepted for publication 2 March 2013. ABSTRACT Jossey, S., Hobbs, H. A., and Domier, L. L. 2013. Role of Soybean transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component pro- mosaic virus–encoded proteins in seed and aphid transmission in teinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was soybean. Phytopathology 103:941-948. influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmis- Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can sibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in soybean (Glycine that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded D in the DAG motif and Q to P near the carboxyl terminus, significantly proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric reduced seed transmission. The Q-to-P substitution in SMV 413 also recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) abolished virus-induced seed-coat mottling in plant introduction 68671. and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted).
  • A Study of the Biology of Rhopalosiphum Padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Winter Wheat in Northwestern Indiana J

    A Study of the Biology of Rhopalosiphum Padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Winter Wheat in Northwestern Indiana J

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 1987 A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGY OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN WINTER WHEAT IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANA J. E. Araya Universidad de Chile John E. Foster University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] S. E. Cambron Purdue University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Araya, J. E.; Foster, John E.; and Cambron, S. E., "A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGY OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN WINTER WHEAT IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANA" (1987). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 543. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/543 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 1987 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 47 A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGY OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN WINTER WHEAT IN NORTHWESTERN INDIANAI J. E. Araya2, J, E. Foster3, and S. E. Cambron 3 ABSTRACT Periodic collections of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, dtring two years revealed small populations on winter wheat in Lafayette, Indiana. The greatest numbers were found on volunteer wheat plants before planting. In the autumn, aphids were detected on one-shoot plants by mid-October and also early March. The populations remained small until mid-June. We conclude that the aphid feeding did not significantly affect the plants, but helped spread barley yellow dwarf virus.
  • Maize Aphid (330)

    Maize Aphid (330)

    Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets https://apps.lucidcentral.org/ppp/ Maize aphid (330) Photo 1. Colonies of the maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, on the tassles of maize. Photo 2. Maize aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Photo 4. Colony of maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, with numerous 'mummies', swollen parasitised individuals. The papery skin of some has collapsed after Photo 3. Adult maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, the exist of the parasitoid. Common Name Maize aphid, corn leaf aphid, green corn aphid Scientific Name Rhopalosiphum maidis Distribution Worldwide. In tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Asia, Africa, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, Middle East, Oceania. It is recorded from Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Northern Marianna Islands. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. Hosts Maize, sorghum, barley, millet, and many grasses. Symptoms & Life Cycle Aphids suck the sap of plants, often occurring in large numbers, causing plants to yellow and wilt. Sooty mould fungi develop on honeydew discharged by the aphids that falls onto the leaves. Large numbers of aphids occur on maize 'tassels' (the male flowers) preventing the development of pollen (Photo 1). Male aphids are very rare, and females give birth to living young without mating. Nymphs are light green, darkening to bluish or olive green adults, with black antennae and legs, and purple areas at the base of the two upright, backward-pointing tubes ('cornicles') at the rear of the body (Photo 2). The adults are somewhat rectangular, about 2 mm long, mostly without wings (Photo 3). Nymphs become adults within 7-14 days, depending on temperatures.
  • Viral Diseases of Soybeans

    Viral Diseases of Soybeans

    SoybeaniGrow BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Chapter 60: Viral Diseases of Soybeans Marie A.C. Langham ([email protected]) Connie L. Strunk ([email protected]) Four soybean viruses infect South Dakota soybeans. Bean Pod Mottle Virus (BPMV) is the most prominent and causes significant yield losses. Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is the second most commonly identified soybean virus in South Dakota. It causes significant losses either in single infection or in dual infection with BPMV. Tobacco Ringspot Virus (TRSV) and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) are found less commonly than BPMV or SMV. Managing soybean viruses requires that the living bridge of hosts be broken. Key components for managing viral diseases are provided in Table 60.1. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the symptoms, vectors, and management of BPMV, SMV, TRSV, and AMV. Table 60.1. Key components to consider in viral management. 1. Viruses are obligate pathogens that cannot be grown in artificial culture and must always pass from living host to living host in what is referred to as a “living or green” bridge. 2. Breaking this “living bridge” is key in soybean virus management. a. Use planting dates to avoid peak populations of insect vectors (bean leaf beetle for BPMV and aphids for SMV). b. Use appropriate rotations. 3. Use disease-free seed, and select tolerant varieties when available. 4. Accurate diagnosis is critical. Contact Connie L. Strunk for information. (605-782-3290 or [email protected]) 5. Fungicides and bactericides cannot be used to manage viral problems. 60-541 extension.sdstate.edu | © 2019, South Dakota Board of Regents What are viruses? Viruses that infect soybeans present unique challenges to soybean producers, crop consultants, breeders, and other professionals.
  • Characterization of Seed Transmission of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean

    Characterization of Seed Transmission of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean

    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 4-24-2015 12:00 AM Characterization of Seed Transmission of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean Tanvir Bashar The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Aiming Wang The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Dr. Mark Bernards The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Tanvir Bashar 2015 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Bashar, Tanvir, "Characterization of Seed Transmission of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean" (2015). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 2791. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2791 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERIZATION OF SEED TRANSMISSION OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS IN SOYBEAN (Thesis format: Monograph) by TANVIR BASHAR Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Tanvir Bashar 2015 ABSTRACT Infection by Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is recognized as a serious, long-standing threat in most soybean (Glyince max (L.)Merr.) producing areas of the world. The aim of this work was to understand how SMV transmits from infected soybean maternal tissues to the next generation by investigating the possible routes and amounts of seed transmission of SMV.
  • Aphid Vectors and Grass Hosts of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus in Alabama and Western Florida by Buyun

    Aphid Vectors and Grass Hosts of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus in Alabama and Western Florida by Buyun

    AphidVectorsandGrassHostsofBarleyYellowDwarfVirusandCerealYellow DwarfVirusinAlabamaandWesternFlorida by BuyungAsmaraRatnaHadi AdissertationsubmittedtotheGraduateFacultyof AuburnUniversity inpartialfulfillmentofthe requirementsfortheDegreeof DoctorofPhilosophy Auburn,Alabama December18,2009 Keywords:barleyyellowdwarf,cerealyellowdwarf,aphids,virusvectors,virushosts, Rhopalosiphumpadi , Rhopalosiphumrufiabdominale Copyright2009byBuyungAsmaraRatnaHadi Approvedby KathyFlanders,Co-Chair,AssociateProfessorofEntomologyandPlantPathology KiraBowen,Co-Chair,ProfessorofEntomologyandPlantPathology JohnMurphy,ProfessorofEntomologyandPlantPathology Abstract Yellow Dwarf (YD) is a major disease problem of wheat in Alabama and is estimated to cause yield loss of 21-42 bushels per acre. The disease is caused by a complex of luteoviruses comprising two species and several strains, including Barley yellowdwarfvirus (BYDV),strainPAV,and Cerealyellowdwarfvirus (CYDV),strain RPV. The viruses are exclusively transmitted by aphids. Suction trap data collected between1996and1999inNorthAlabamarecordedthe presence of several species of aphidsthatareknowntobeB/CYDVvectors. Aphidsweresurveyedinthebeginningofplantingseasonsinseveralwheatplots throughout Alabama and western Florida for four consecutive years. Collected aphids wereidentifiedandbioassayedfortheirB/CYDV-infectivity.Thissurveyprogramwas designedtoidentifytheaphid(Hemiptera:Aphididae)speciesthatserveasfallvectorsof B/CYDVintowheatplanting.From2005to2008,birdcherry-oataphid,
  • Genome Sequence of the Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum Maidis Fitch)

    Genome Sequence of the Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum Maidis Fitch)

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/438499; this version posted November 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Genome sequence of the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) Wenbo Chen1, Sara Shakir1,3, Mahdiyeh Bigham1, Zhangjun Fei1,2, and Georg Jander1,* 1Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853 2US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 3Present address: Plant Genetics Lab, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liѐge, Gembloux, Belgium *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Georg Jander Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 Phone: (1) 607-254-1365 Email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/438499; this version posted November 21, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Background: The corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) is the most economically damaging aphid pest on maize (Zea mays), one of the world’s most important grain crops. In addition to causing direct damage due to the removal of photoassimilates, R. maidis transmits several destructive maize viruses, including Maize yellow dwarf virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus.
  • Rapid Screening of Pest Resistance Genes in Maize Using a Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Vector

    Rapid Screening of Pest Resistance Genes in Maize Using a Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Vector

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.425472; this version posted January 13, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Rapid screening of pest resistance genes in maize using a sugarcane mosaic virus vector Seung Ho Chung1, Mahdiyeh Bigham1, Ryan R. Lappe3, Barry Chan2, Ugrappa Nagalakshmi2, Steven A. Whitham3, Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar2, and Georg Jander1 1Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 2Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 3Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is a notorious pest that threatens maize production world-wide. Current control measures involve the use of chemical insecticides and transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Although several additional transgenes have confirmed insecticidal activity in other plants, limited research has been conducted in maize, at least partially due to the technical difficulty of maize transformation. Here, we describe implementation of a sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) vector for rapidly testing the efficacy of transgenes for the control of S. frugiperda in maize. Four categories of proteins were tested using the SCMV vector: (i) maize
  • Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Genes in Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Mariola Klepadlo University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

    Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Genes in Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Mariola Klepadlo University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Genes in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Mariola Klepadlo University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Klepadlo, Mariola, "Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Genes in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1451. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1451 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Genes in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences by Mariola Klepadlo University of Szczecin, Poland Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology, 2007 University of Szczecin, Poland Master of Science in Biotechnology, 2009 The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece Master of Science in Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, 2011 May 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ___________________________________ Dr. Pengyin Chen Dissertation Director ____________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Kenneth L. Korth Dr. Richard E. Mason Committee Member Committee Member ____________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Vibha Srivastava Dr. Ioannis E. Tzanetakis Committee Member Committee Member ABSTRACT Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes the most serious viral disease in soybean worldwide.
  • Barley Yellow Dwarf Management in Small Grains

    Barley Yellow Dwarf Management in Small Grains

    Barley Yellow Dwarf Management in Small Grains Nathan Kleczewski, Extension Plant Pathologist September 2016 Bill Cissel, Extension IPM Agent Joanne Whalen, Extension IPM Specialist Overview Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYD) was first described in 1951 and now is considered to be the most widespread vi- ral disease of economically important grasses worldwide. This complex, insect-vectored disease can have con- siderable impacts on small grain yield and quality and may be encountered by growers in Delaware. This fact- sheet will describe the disease, its vectors, and current management options. Symptoms Symptoms of BYD vary with host species, host resistance level, environment, virus species or strain, and time of infection. The hallmark symp- tom of BYD is the loss of green color of the foli- age, especially in older foliage. In wheat, the foli- age may turn orange to purple (Figure 1). Similar foliar symptoms may occur in barley, except that the foliage may appear bright yellow. In severe cases, stunting can occur and result in a failure of heads to emerge. In other severe cases the heads may contain dark and shriveled grain or not con- tain any grain. Tillering and root masses may also be reduced. BYD is often observed in Delaware in patches 1-5 feet in diameter, however, larger infections have been reported in other states. Symptoms of BYD, as with other viruses, are easy to overlook or confuse with other issues such as nutrient deficiency or compaction. Thus, diagno- sis cannot be confirmed by symptoms alone and Figure 1. Wheat showing characteristic foliar symptoms samples must be sent to diagnostic labs for confir- of BYD virus infection.