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El Género Puccinellia Parl. (Poaeae) En La Comunidad Valenciana

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El Género Puccinellia Parl. (Poaeae) En La Comunidad Valenciana Flora Montiberica 45: 103-109 (V-2010). ISSN 1138-5952 EL GÉNERO PUCCINELLIA PARL. (POAEAE) EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA Mª Ángeles ALONSO, Ana GUILLÓ, José Luis VILLAR, Ana JUAN & Manuel B. CRESPO CIBIO, Instituto de la Biodiversidad; Universidad de Alicante. Apartado 99. E-03080 Alicante. Correo electrónico: [email protected] RESUMEN: Se realiza una revisión taxonómica de las especies del género Puccine- llia presentes en la flora de la Comunidad Valenciana. Como resultado se acepta la existencia de tres especies, y se aclara la identidad o se descarta la presencia de otras que venían citándose desde antiguo en dicho territorio. Puccinellia fasciculata es la es- pecie más ampliamente distribuida, mientras que P. hispanica y P. caespitosa sólo se presentan en una localidad, respectivamente en Jaraguas, Venta del Moro (Valencia) y en Villena (Alicante). Para cada una se ofrece su caracterización morfológica, ecología y distribución. Además, se aporta una clave dicotómica para facilitar su identificación. Palabras clave: Puccinellia, taxonomía, corología, Comunidad Valenciana, España. ABSTRACT: A morphological study is presented for taxa of Puccinellia growing in the Valencian Community (eastern Spain). Three species are accepted, and the pres- ence of other taxa usually cited in that territory is clarified or discarded. Puccinellia fasciculata is the most widespread species, whilst P. hispanica and P. caespitosa are only known from a single site, respectively in Jaraguas, Venta del Moro (Valencia) and in Villena (Alicante). Data on morphology, ecology and distribution are reported for each species, and an identification key is also presented. Key words: Puccinellia, tax- onomy, chorology, Valencian Community, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN suelos con una alta conductividad (BA- RRET-LENNARD & HOLT, 1999; ED- Puccinellia es un género de gramíneas WARDS et al., 2008). que se incluye en la subfamilia Pooideae. La primera recopilación de los táxones En su seno se han descrito alrededor de españoles de Puccinellia se debe a PAU- 350 táxones (IPNI, 2008), la mayor parte NERO (1960), quien menciona un total de de los cuales habitan en suelos húmedos, 10 especies, a partir de las citas existentes desde mesosalinos a hipersalinos. Este gé- en obras clásicas precedentes; pero la pro- nero se distribuye por las zonas templadas pia autora pone en duda que dicha cifra y árticas del globo (MONTSERRAT & responda a la realidad. Posteriormente, en MONTSERRAT, 1986) y en la actualidad su revisión para Flora europaea, HUG- también se conocen algunos táxones natu- HES & HALLYDAY (1980) aceptan sólo ralizados en Australia y Nueva Zelanda, a 5 táxones para España. Más recientemen- partir de su introducción como pasto para te, JULIÀ (1991) –en su monografía sobre el ganado, con el fin de hacer productivos las especies ibéricas del género–, señala la 103 Puccinellia en la Comunidad Valenciana existencia de 11 táxones en la Península que clarifican la identidad de los táxones Ibérica, algunos de ellos descritos como existentes en la flora valenciana. nuevos en dicho trabajo. En el ámbito de la Comunidad Valenciana BOLÒS & VI- GO (2001) mencionan 6 especies. No MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS obstante, MATEO & CRESPO (1995) citan primero tres táxones, y finalmente Los estudios morfológicos realizados (MATEO & CRESPO, 2009) reconocen se basan en material fresco y en pliegos sólo dos, P. fasciculata y P. festuciformis de los herbarios ABH, BC, JACA, MA, subsp. convoluta; pese a que la presencia MUB y VAL (acrónimos según THIERS, de esta última ya fuera descartada para la 2008). Península en la completa monografía de Como base taxonómica se ha aceptado JULIÀ (op. cit.). la propuesta inicial de JULIÀ (op. cit.), Las particulares exigencias ecológicas con la revisión posterior para la Flora de de los táxones de Puccinellia provocan los Països Catalans (BOLÒS & VIGO, que las poblaciones se encuentren muy lo- 2001). calizadas y no sean demasiado abundan- Las fotografías que acompañan al tex- tes. A ello se une el hecho de que la pau- to se han realizado en una lupa binocular latina desaparición de la ganadería, y por (Olympus SZX12), con cámara digital ende de los pastos, hay reducido el hábitat adaptada. Los números cromosómicos natural de estas plantas. corresponden a los que presenta JULIÀ (op. cit.). Desde el punto de vista taxonómico, el género Puccinellia resulta conflictivo, ya que los caracteres morfológicos utilizados RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN como diagnósticos, en ocasiones no son muy útiles para la identificación inequí- Muchos de los caracteres que han ve- voca de los táxones. Todo ello ha contri- nido utilizándose en las claves de identifi- buido a que, a menudo, se hayan cometi- cación de Puccinellia han resultado poco do errores en la identificación, que han útiles para una discriminación inequívoca. llevado a una denominación incorrecta de A partir de los estudios que hemos real- los sintáxones en los que participan, como ziado en las especies iberolevantinas del ya ha sido puesto de manifiesto por género, los aspectos morfológicos que se ALONSO & DE LA TORRE (2004). han revelado como diagnósticos para la En consecuencia, en la flora de la Co- diferenciación de las especies se presen- munidad Valenciana se han citado espe- tan seguidamente y vienen a unirse a los cies como P. distans (RIGUAL, 1972; que ya mencionaron FERRER & GUARA MATEO & FIGUEROLA, 1987; ALON- (2006) para algunos táxones iberolevanti- SO, 1996; VICEDO & DE LA TORRE, nos. 1997; VILLAESCUSA, 2000; SERRA, 2008) o Puccinellia festuciformis (RI- Hábito GUAL, 1972; COSTA & BOIRA, 1981; En el género se observan dos formas MATEO & FIGUEROLA, 1987; FE- de crecimiento bien diferenciadas. Por un RRER & GUARA, 2005, 2006), que lado, plantas de tipo rizomatoso, que colo- ciertamente no crecen en dicho territorio. nizan el terreno de un modo más rápido Partiendo de dicha situación, en la pre- (e.g., P. fasciculata); y, por otro, plantas sente contribución se realiza una revisión de tipo cespitoso, que forman macollas de los táxones valencianos de Puccinellia, densas y bien individualizadas (e.g., P. aportándose nuevos datos morfológicos caespitosa y P. hispanica). 104 Flora Montiberica 45: 103-109 (V-2010). ISSN 1138-5952 M.A. ALONSO, A. GUILLÓ, J.L. VILLAR, A. JUAN & M.B. CRESPO Hojas cos. No obstante, las costillas de P. fasci- PAUNERO (1960) reunió las especies culata son más numerosas y marcadas que ibéricas en dos grandes grupos, atendien- las de P. hispanica. do de la presencia o ausencia de costillas Otro carácter foliar importante se re- en las hojas. Del mismo modo, JULIÀ fiere al aspecto del limbo. En P. fascicu- (op. cit.) utilizó este carácter para separar lata es plano, mientras que en P. caespi- P. fasciculata y P. hispanica −ambas con tosa es plegado, terete, y en P. hispanica hojas costadas− del resto de táxones ibéri- es conduplicado. Fig. 1.- Aspecto del limbo foliar. A. plano, liso y con numerosas costillas, muy marcadas (P. fasciculata). B: conduplicado, papiloso y sin costillas (P. caespi- tosa). C: plegado, liso y con escasas costillas, poco marcadas (P. hispanica). Fig. 2.- Caracteres de la lígula. A: triangular-deltoidea, apiculada (P. hispani- ca). B: triangular-linear, aguda (P. caespitosa). Fig. 3.- Espiguillas. A: pequeñas (P. fasciculata). B: grandes (P. hispanica). 105 Flora Montiberica 45: 103-109 (V-2010). ISSN 1138-5952 Puccinellia en la Comunidad Valenciana El tamaño y forma de la lígula foliar costillas, profundas, marcadas; lígula 1,1- es un buen carácter para diferenciar las 1,3 mm de longitud, membranosa, trian- especies en estado vegetativo. Ésta es gular, de ápice obtuso, en ocasiones bífi- triangular, linear, muy aguda y de mayor da. Inflorescencia paniculada; raquis tamaño en P. caespitosa, mientras que en excavado, escábrido. Espiguillas de hasta las restantes especies valencianas es 5,4 mm de longitud, con 5 flores; gluma triangular-deltoidea, obtusa o aguda, en superior c. 1,6 × 1,1 mm, ampliamente ocasiones truncada o apiculada, y nota- elíptica, truncada u obtusa en el ápice, con blemente más pequeña. 3(5) nervios −uno principal bien marcado Por el contrario, la longitud de las en toda su longitud, con acúleos en la hojas no resulta un buen carácter diagnós- parte superior, y 2 nervios laterales que no tico, ya que se ha comprobado con el llegan al ápice (en ocasiones les acompa- cultivo de estas especies, que depende del ñan 2 nervios muy poco prominentes, más estrés al que estén sometidas las plantas: pequeños que los laterales)−, con margen en suelos más secos y salinos, una misma hialino ancho e irregularmente dentado, especie desarrolla hojas más cortas que en con dientes grandes; gluma inferior 0,9-1 suelos más húmedos y menos salinos, en × 0,5 mm, elíptico-lanceolada, de ápice los que las hojas crecen más. truncado, nervio medio prominente, con margen hialino ancho; lema c. 2,5 mm de Piezas florales longitud, anchamente elíptica, de ápice de El tamaño de las piezas florales resulta redondeado a truncado, irregularmente un carácter diagnóstico para diferenciar dentado, con un estrecho margen hialino, las especies. Así, P. fasciculata presenta con 5-7 nervios −el central prominente, las piezas florales de menor tamaño, con acúleos apicales; 2 nervios laterales, mientras que P. hispanica y P. caespitosa poco prominentes en el haz; y otros 2 producen piezas florales comparativamen- marginales, con cortos pelos basales en su te mayores, aunque en ambas son de ta- tercio inferior−; pálea c. 2,2 × 0,8 mm, maño similar. con dos nervios verdes que dejan un espa- cio intercostal invaginado, hialino; ner- Descripción de los táxones vios densamente escábridos, con acúleos regulares en la mitad superior. Anteras valencianos hasta de 0,75 mm de longitud, amarillas; A partir del material estudiado durante polen esférico, monoaperturado. Carióp- la realización del presente trabajo, en la side c. 1,5 × 0,6 mm, fusiforme, marrón. Comunidad Valenciana sólo se acepta la 2n=28. Fenología: III-X. presencia de tres especies de Puccinellia, Material seleccionado.
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