Proceedings Kerala Environment Congress 2011 Kerala Energy and Environment Proceedings KERALAKERALA ENVIRENVIRONMENTONMENT CCONGRESSONGRESS 22OO1111 25th, 26th and 27th August 2011, Thiruvananthapuram Organised by Centre for Environment and Development Thozhuvancode, Vattiyoorkavu P.O, Thiruvananthapuram-695 013 Centre for Environment and Development Phone : 0471-2369720, 2369721, Fax : 0471-2369720 Thiruvananthapuram E-mail :
[email protected],
[email protected] URL : www.cedindia.org; www.indiawastemanagementportal.org In Association with Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram PROCEEDINGS OF KERALA ENVIRONMENT CONGRESS 2011 FOCAL THEME ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 25th, 26th & 27th August 2011 Thiruvananthapuram Organised by CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM In Association with RAJIV GANDHI CENTRE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY THIRUVANANTHAPURAM Proceedings of the Kerala Environment Congress - 2011 Editors Dr. Babu Ambat Dr. Vinod T R Published by Centre for Environment and Development Thozhuvancode, Vattiyoorkavu Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India-695013 Design & Pre-press Godfrey’s Graphics Sasthamangalam, Thiruvananthapuram Printed at GK Printers, Kochi Cover photo courtesy: Photolibrary Dr S K Khanduri IFS Directorate of Environment and Climate Change Director Social Forestry Office Complex Telefax: 0471 2365554 Vattiyootkavu PO Email:
[email protected] Thiruvananthapuram 695013 FOREWORD Energy resources have always been considered indicators of the might of the nations and therefore global