Dissolution and Processing of Cellulose Using Ionic
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Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Atmospheric Pseudohalogen Chemistry
Atmospheric Pseudohalogen Chemistry David John Lary Accepted by: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions Reference: Vol. 4, pp 5381-5405, 16-9-2004 Hydrogen cyanide is not usually considered in atmospheric chemical models. The paper presents three reasons why hydrogen cyanide is likely to be signiscant for atmospheric chemistry. Firstly, HCN is a product and marker of biomass burning. Secondly, it is also likely that lightning is producing HCN, and as HCN is sparingly soluble it could be a usell long-lived “smoking gun” marker of lightning activity. Thirdly, the chemical decomposition of HCN leads to the production of small amounts of the cyanide (0and NCO radicals. The NCO radical can be photolyzed in the visible portion of the spectrum yielding nitrogen atoms (N). The production of nitrogen atoms is significant as it leads to the titration of total nitrogen from the atmosphere via N+N->N2, where N2 is molecular nitrogen. , 1.. This manuscript was prepared for Atmos. Chem. Phys. (Discuss.) with version 7.0 of the egu L5TS class egu.cls. Date: September 14,2004 ACP-LOGO Atmospheric Pseudohalogen Chemistry D. J. 'Global Modelling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ([email protected]) 'GEST at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD, USA ([email protected]) 3Unilever Cambridge Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, England ([email protected]) Abstract. There are at least three reasons why hydrogen 1E-01 1 1E-010 1E-009 cyanide is likely to be significant for atmospheric chemistry. 10 The first is well known, HCN is a product and marker of biomass burning. -
Primary-Explosives
Improvised Primary Explosives © 1998 Dirk Goldmann No part of the added copyrighted parts (except brief passages that a reviewer may quote in a review) may be reproduced in any form unless the reproduced material includes the following two sentences: The copyrighted material may be reproduced without obtaining permission from anyone, provided: (1) all copyrighted material is reproduced full-scale. WARNING! Explosives are danegerous. In most countries it's forbidden to make them. Use your mind. You as an explosives expert should know that. 2 CONTENTS Primary Explosives ACETONE PEROXIDE 4 DDNP/DINOL 6 DOUBLE SALTS 7 HMTD 9 LEAD AZIDE 11 LEAD PICRATE 13 MEKAP 14 MERCURY FULMINATE 15 "MILK BOOSTER" 16 NITROMANNITE 17 SODIUM AZIDE 19 TACC 20 Exotic and Friction Primers LEAD NITROANILATE 22 NITROGEN SULFIDE 24 NITROSOGUANIDINE 25 TETRACENE 27 CHLORATE-FRICTION PRIMERS 28 CHLORATE-TRIMERCURY-ACETYLIDE 29 TRIHYDRAZINE-ZINC (II) NITRATE 29 Fun and Touch Explosives CHLORATE IMPACT EXPLOSIVES 31 COPPER ACETYLIDE 32 DIAMMINESILVER II CHLORATE 33 FULMINATING COPPER 33 FULMINATING GOLD 34 FULMINATING MERCURY 35 FULMINATING SILVER 35 NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE 36 NITROGEN TRIIODIDE 37 SILVER ACETYLIDE 38 SILVER FULMINATE 38 "YELLOW POWDER" 40 Latest Additions 41 End 3 PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES ACETONE PEROXIDE Synonyms: tricycloacetone peroxide, acetontriperoxide, peroxyacetone, acetone hydrogen explosive FORMULA: C9H18O6 VoD: 3570 m/s @ 0.92 g/cc. 5300 m/s @ 1.18 g/cc. EQUIVALENCE: 1 gram = No. 8 cap .75 g. = No. 6 cap SENSITIVITY: Very sensitive to friction, flame and shock; burns violently and can detonate even in small amounts when dry. DRAWBACKS: in 10 days at room temp. 50 % sublimates; it is best made immediately before use. -
Hydrogen Cyanide Product –Type 18 25 May 2012
Hydrogen cyanide Product –type 18 25 May 2012 Directive 98/8/EC concerning the placing biocidal products on the market Inclusion of active substances in Annex I or I A to Directive 98/8/EC Assessment Report Hydrogen cyanide Product–type 18 25 May 2012 Annex I – the Czech Republic 1 Hydrogen cyanide Product –type 18 25 May 2012 1 STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE .................................................................4 1.1 Procedure Followed .....................................................................................................................4 1.2 Purpose of the assesment report ...................................................................................................6 1.3 Overall conclusion in the context of Directive 98/8/EC ..............................................................6 2 OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ..................................................................................7 2.1 Presenatation of the Active Substance ........................................................................................7 2.1.1 Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analyssis .............................................7 2.1.2 Intended Uses and Effficacy ....................................................................................................8 2.1.3 Classification and labelling .....................................................................................................9 2.2 Summary of the Risk Assessment ..............................................................................................10 -
Ethanol Denatured
GHS SAFETY DATA SHEET DENATURED ETHANOL SDS DATE: 03/10/2021 SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME (GHS Product Identifier): Denatured Ethanol (Other means of Identification): Denatured Ethyl Alcohol PRODUCT INTENDED USE AND RESTRICTION: Automobile fuel, fuel additive NAME, ADDRESS & TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE RESPONSIBLE PARTY: Company Green Plains Trade Group LLC 1811 Aksarben Drive, Omaha, NE 68106 Phone: 402-884-8700 Email: [email protected] CHEMTREC PHONE (24HR Emergency Telephone): 1-800-424-9300 (Within U.S.A) INTERNATIONAL CHEMTREC CALL: 1-703-527-3887 OTHER CALLS: 1-402-884-8700 (M-F, 8 AM-5 PM, Central time (U.S.A & Canada); within U.S.A) FAX PHONE: 1-402-884-8776 (M-F, 8 AM-5 PM, Central time (U.S.A & Canada); within U.S.A) SECTION 1 NOTES: None Available SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION: This product meets the definition of the following hazard classes as defined by the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). GHS CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ANNEX II: HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICAL Serious eye damage/eye irritation-2A Not classified Flammable Liquids-Category 2 Skin corrosion/irration-3 STOT SE-2 Acute toxicity (Oral)-Category 4 SIGNAL WORD: DANGER SYMBOL: HAZARD STATEMENT: H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H315: Causes skin irritation. H335: May cause respiratory irritation H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness H302: Harmful if swallowed. PREVENTIVE: P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood P210-Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces.—No smoking. -
Chapter 2 EXPLOSIVES
Chapter 2 EXPLOSIVES This chapter classifies commercial blasting compounds according to their explosive class and type. Initiating devices are listed and described as well. Military explosives are treated separately. The ingredi- ents and more significant properties of each explosive are tabulated and briefly discussed. Data are sum- marized from various handbooks, textbooks, and manufacturers’ technical data sheets. THEORY OF EXPLOSIVES In general, an explosive has four basic characteristics: (1) It is a chemical compound or mixture ignited by heat, shock, impact, friction, or a combination of these conditions; (2) Upon ignition, it decom- poses rapidly in a detonation; (3) There is a rapid release of heat and large quantities of high-pressure gases that expand rapidly with sufficient force to overcome confining forces; and (4) The energy released by the detonation of explosives produces four basic effects; (a) rock fragmentation; (b) rock displacement; (c) ground vibration; and (d) air blast. A general theory of explosives is that the detonation of the explosives charge causes a high-velocity shock wave and a tremendous release of gas. The shock wave cracks and crushes the rock near the explosives and creates thousands of cracks in the rock. These cracks are then filled with the expanding gases. The gases continue to fill and expand the cracks until the gas pressure is too weak to expand the cracks any further, or are vented from the rock. The ingredients in explosives manufactured are classified as: Explosive bases. An explosive base is a solid or a liquid which, upon application or heat or shock, breaks down very rapidly into gaseous products, with an accompanying release of heat energy. -
Lactoperoxidase: Physico-Chemical Properties, Occurrence, Mechanism of Action and Applications
Downloaded from British Journal of Nutrition (2000), 84, Suppl. 1, S19±S25 S19 https://www.cambridge.org/core Lactoperoxidase: physico-chemical properties, occurrence, mechanism of action and applications Klaas D. Kussendrager* and A. C. M. van Hooijdonk . IP address: DMV-International, R&D Center, PO Box 13, 5460 BA Veghel, The Netherlands Lactoperoxidase (LP) is one of the most prominent enzymes in bovine milk and catalyses the 170.106.202.58 inactivation of a wide range of micro-organisms in the lactoperoxidase system (LP-s). LP- systems are also identified as natural antimicrobial systems in human secretions such as saliva, tear-fluid and milk and are found to be harmless to mammalian cells. The detailed molecular structure of LP is identified and the major products generated by the LP-s and their , on antimicrobial action have been elucidated for the greater part. In this paper several aspects of 27 Sep 2021 at 23:05:51 bovine LP and LP-s are discussed, including physico-chemical properties, occurrence in milk and colostrum and mechanisms of action. Since the introduction of industrial processes for the isolation of LP from milk and whey the interest in this enzyme has increased considerably and attention will be paid to potential and actual applications of LP-systems as biopreservatives in food and other products. , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Lactoperoxidase: LP-system: Antimicrobial properties: Applications Introduction Physico-chemical properties Lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) (LP) is a member of the A number of specific physico-chemical characteristics of peroxidase family, a group of natural enzymes, widely bovine lactoperoxidase are summarised in Table 1. -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. RAFAEL CAL VET, O F BAR, CEL on A, SPAIN
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. RAFAEL CAL VET, o F BAR, CEL ON A, SPAIN. VANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES, 1,189,238. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 4, 1916. No Drawing. Application filed June 6, 1913. Serial No. 772,097. To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Dr. RAFAEL CALVET, a pounds have an acid reaction and can con subject of the King of Spain, residing at Sequently be combined with metals, and so 45 No. 34 calle de Gerona, Barcelona, Spain, form definite and permanent bodies which have invented certain new and useful Im might, like the thiocyanate compounds from provements in and Relating to the Manu which they are derived, be used for the facture of Primary Explosives, of which the preparation of the improved primary explo following is a specification. sive which forms the subject matter of the 50 This invention relates to a primary ex present patent application. 0 plosive and its manufacture, the object be The compounds in question are the fol ing to produce a substance capable of re lowing: perthiocyanic acid or hydrogen per placing fulminate of mercury and the other . thiocyanate (S.C.N.H.) and its salts, par usual detonating compounds. ticularly copper perthiocyanate (SCN,Cu) 55 The improved product consists of a mix and lead perthiocyanate (SCNPb) fur. 5 ture of a thiocyanate compound or of a sub ther dithiocyanic acid or hydrogen dithio stance derived therefrom with potassium. cyanate (S.C.N.H.) and its salts, copper chlorate or potassium perchlorate. diothiocyanate (SCN,Cu) and diothiocy It has previously been proposed to utilize anate of lead (S.C.N.Pb) and finally Woh 60 certain sulfocyanids or salts of the sulfocy ler's thiocyanic compound (“pseudo sul 20 anic acid SCNH, for the above said purpose. -
APA STANDARD 87-1 Contents 1
APA STANDARD 87-1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1 2. DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................................1 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSUMER FIREWORKS, NOVELTIES AND THEATRICAL PYROTECHNICS .....................................................................4 3.1 Types of Consumer Fireworks.......................................................................5 3.2 Types of Novelties .........................................................................................8 3.4 Other Devices ................................................................................................9 3.6 Specific Requirements for Consumer Fireworks...........................................10 3.7 Prohibited Chemicals and Components.........................................................12 3.8 Requirements for Theatrical Pyrotechnics ....................................................13 3.9 Approval ........................................................................................................13 3.10 Marking and Labeling..................................................................................14 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPLAY FIREWORKS DEVICES ..........................14 4.1 Types of Display Fireworks Devices.............................................................14 4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells.........................................................................15 4.3 Approval -
Ammonium Thiocyanate
AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO. 1762-95-4 EINECS NO. 217-175-6 FORMULA NH 4SCN MOL WT. 76.12 H.S. CODE 2838.00 TOXICITY Oral Rat LD50: 750 mg/kg SYNONYMS Thiocyanic acid, ammonium salt; Amthio; ammonium sulfocanide; ammonium sulphocyanide; ammonium rhodanide; ammonium sulphocyanate; Ammonium Rhodonide; Amthio; Ammonium sulfocyanate; DERIVATION CLASSIFICATION PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL STATE Colorless, deliquescent crystals MELTING POINT 150 C BOILING POINT SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.31 SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble SOLVENT SOLUBILITY Soluble : acetone, alcohol, and ammonia pH 4.5-6.0 (5% sol) VAPOR DENSITY AUTOIGNITION NFPA RATINGS Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 1 REFRACTIVE INDEX FLASH POINT 190 C STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions APPLICATIONS Cyanic acid (the isomer of fulminic acid) is an unstable (explosive), poisonous, volatile, clear liquid with the structure of H-O-C¡ÕN (the oxoacid formed from the pseudohalogen cyanide), which is readily converted to cyamelide and fulminic acid. There is another isomeric cyanic acid with the structure of H-N=C=O, called isocyanic acid. Cyanate group (and isocyanate group) can react with itself. Cyanuric acid (also called pyrolithic acid), white monoclinic crystal with the structure of [HOC(NCOH) 2N], is the trimer of cyanic acid. The trimer of isocyanic acid is called biuret. • Cyanic acid: H-N=C=O or H-O-C¡ÕN • Fulminic acid: (H-C=N-O) or H-C¡ÕN-O • Isocyanic acid: H-N=C=O • Cyanuric acid: HOC(NCOH) 2N • Biuret: (NH 2)CO) 2 NH Cyanic acid hydrolyses to ammonia and carbon dioxide in water. The salts and esters of cyanic acid are cyanates. -
The First Chemical Achievements and Publications by Justus Von Liebig
MICROREVIEW The First Chemical Achievements and Publications by Justus von Liebig 1803؊1873) on Metal Fulminates and Some Further Developments in Metal) Fulminates and Related Areas of Chemistry[‡] Wolfgang Beck[a] Dedicated to Professor Wolfgang Steglich on the occasion of his 70th birthday for his great friendship, collaboration and support[‡‡] Keywords: Liebig / Fulminates / Silver / Structure elucidation The first chemical investigations and publications by Justus by Liebig. Later, explosive (fulminato)metal complexes were von Liebig dealt with the fulminates of silver and mercury. prepared by Nef, Wieland, and especially by Lothar Wöhler Even as a boy Liebig had learnt how to prepare silver fulmi- and co-workers. In Munich the HCNO structure of fulminic nate, and as student of chemistry in Erlangen (1821) he stud- acid was established by its IR spectrum and the spectroscopic ied the properties and reactions of silver fulminate. In Paris in properties of (fulminato)metal complexes were studied. A se- 1823 (together with Gay-Lussac) he succeeded in analyzing ries of new nonexplosive complexes could be obtained by quantitatively the highly explosive silver compound. This dilution of the energy-rich species with large cations or li- great experimental success with the dangerous silver fulmi- gands. Recent X-ray structure determinations have revealed nate was most important in three respects: i. The develop- the almost perfect linear, tetrahedral, square-planar, or octa- ment of the experimental method later culminated in Liebig’s hedral structures of these complexes with linear − 2− perfected and well-known C,H,N analysis of organic com- metal−CϵNO bonds, e.g. [Au(CNO)2] , [Zn(CNO)4] , 2− 3− pounds (1830). -
List of Lists
United States Office of Solid Waste EPA 550-B-10-001 Environmental Protection and Emergency Response May 2010 Agency www.epa.gov/emergencies LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right- To-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act • EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances • CERCLA Hazardous Substances • EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals • CAA 112(r) Regulated Chemicals For Accidental Release Prevention Office of Emergency Management This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction................................................................................................................................................ i List of Lists – Conslidated List of Chemicals (by CAS #) Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act ................................................. 1 Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Consolidated List ..................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Radionuclides Listed Under CERCLA .......................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: RCRA Waste Streams and Unlisted Hazardous Wastes................................................ C-1 This page intentionally left blank. LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals