The Role of Temperature and Humidity in Python Nest Site Selection
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Quick Reference Guide: Introduced Constrictors in Florida1 Steve A
WEC302 Quick Reference Guide: Introduced Constrictors in Florida1 Steve A. Johnson and Monica E. McGarrity2 Three non-native species of large constrictor snakes are that these were escaped or released pets. View maps of loca- now breeding in Florida, and several others have been tions where each species has been encountered in Florida encountered but have not yet established wild populations. by visiting the EDDMapS Florida invasive species reporting This fact sheet, best viewed as a pdf (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ portal online at http://www.IveGot1.org. Learn more about pdffiles/UW/UW34700.pdf), is a quick reference guide how to scan for, recognize, and report introduced constric- to identification of the constrictors you are most likely to tors by completing the Introduced Reptile Early Detection encounter in Florida. Although many of these snakes are and Documentation training course. Visit http://ufwildlife. not established in the wild, they are common in the pet ifas.ufl.edu/reddy.shtml to learn more and get REDDy! trade, and each has been spotted in the wild—it is likely Pythons Burmese Python (Python bivittatus) Status: established, breeding populations; range expanding Head: dark arrowhead, light center line, dark and light in Florida wedges under eyes Size: up to 12 feet or longer Body: Giraffe-like spots, dark blotches not connected Figure 1. Burmese python. Credits: Head illustration by USGS; body illustration by Monica E. McGarrity, UF 1. This document is WEC302, one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2010. Revised February 2014 and June 2017. -
A New Species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from Python Regius (Serpentes: Pythonidae) and Its Experimental Transmission by a Mosquito Vector
J. Parasitol., 93(?), 2007, pp. 1189–1198 ᭧ American Society of Parasitologists 2007 A NEW SPECIES OF HEPATOZOON (APICOMPLEXA: ADELEORINA) FROM PYTHON REGIUS (SERPENTES: PYTHONIDAE) AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION BY A MOSQUITO VECTOR Michal Sloboda, Martin Kamler, Jana Bulantova´*, Jan Voty´pka*†, and David Modry´† Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palacke´ho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Hepatozoon ayorgbor n. sp. is described from specimens of Python regius imported from Ghana. Gametocytes were found in the peripheral blood of 43 of 55 snakes examined. Localization of gametocytes was mainly inside the erythrocytes; free gametocytes were found in 15 (34.9%) positive specimens. Infections of laboratory-reared Culex quinquefasciatus feeding on infected snakes, as well as experimental infection of juvenile Python regius by ingestion of infected mosquitoes, were performed to complete the life cycle. Similarly, transmission to different snake species (Boa constrictor and Lamprophis fuliginosus) and lizards (Lepidodactylus lugubris) was performed to assess the host specificity. Isolates were compared with Hepatozoon species from sub-Saharan reptiles and described as a new species based on the morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and a complete life cycle. Hemogregarines are the most common intracellular hemo- 3 genera (Telford et al., 2004). Low host specificity of Hepa- parasites found in reptiles. The Hemogregarinidae, Karyolysi- tozoon spp. is supported by experimental transmissions between dae, and Hepatozoidae are distinguished based on the different snakes from different families. Ball (1967) observed experi- developmental patterns in definitive (invertebrate) hosts oper- mental parasitemia with Hepatozoon rarefaciens in the Boa ating as vectors; all 3 families have heteroxenous life cycles constrictor (Boidae); the vector was Culex tarsalis, which had (Telford, 1984). -
Prevent Problems with Large Boas & Pythons
Client Education—Snake Safety Tips Prevent Problems with Large Boas & Pythons ! According to the Humane Society of the United States,17 deaths and many more injuries have been related to large constrictors since 1978. Given the tens of thousands of large constrictors sold, the incidence of fatalities and injuries is relatively low, however every incident—including the death of four babies in their cribs and three additional children— is particularly tragic since such cases are completely preventable. So called “giant snakes” regularly exceed 8 feet (2.4 m) in length, potentially making them difficult or even unsafe to handle. Large constrictor species include the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), Indian python (Python molurus), African rock python (Python sebae), amethystine python (Morelia amethistina), reticulated python (Python reticulatus), and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). Only the latter two species, reticulated and Burmese pythons, are regularly found in the pet trade, however these species can exceed 20 feet (6.1 m) and are not recommended for casual hobbyists. One real life tragedy: In 2011, a Florida mother and her boyfriend were found guilty of the murder of her 2-year old daughter, strangled by her 8-foot 6- “The baby’s dead. inch pet Burmese python. The child was found in her crib, with the Our stupid snake snake coiled tightly around her neck and numerous bite marks on got out in the middle her face. of the night and strangled the Evaluation of the albino python named “Gypsy” found her to be baby”.—Florida man underweight, and the snake's enclosure had only a quilt for a lid. -
Final Rule to List Reticulated Python And
Vol. 80 Tuesday, No. 46 March 10, 2015 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife 50 CFR Part 16 Injurious Wildlife Species; Listing Three Anaconda Species and One Python Species as Injurious Reptiles; Final Rule VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:14 Mar 09, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\10MRR2.SGM 10MRR2 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES2 12702 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 46 / Tuesday, March 10, 2015 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 3330) to list Burmese (and Indian) Service, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach, pythons, Northern African pythons, Fish and Wildlife Service FL 32960–3559; telephone 772–562– Southern African pythons, and yellow 3909 ext. 256; facsimile 772–562–4288. anacondas as injurious wildlife under 50 CFR Part 16 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bob the Lacey Act. The remaining five RIN 1018–AV68 Progulske, Everglades Program species (reticulated python, boa Supervisor, South Florida Ecological constrictor, green anaconda, [Docket No. FWS–R9–FHC–2008–0015; Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife DeSchauensee’s anaconda, and Beni FXFR13360900000–145–FF09F14000] Service, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach, anaconda) were not listed at that time and remained under consideration for Injurious Wildlife Species; Listing FL 32960–3559; telephone 772–469– 4299. If you use a telecommunications listing. With this final rule, we are Three Anaconda Species and One listing four of those species (reticulated Python Species as Injurious Reptiles device for the deaf (TDD), please call the Federal Information Relay Service python, green anaconda, AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. -
Dispelling Python Regius Myths "Gorzula, Stefan, William Owusu Nsiah, and William Oduro
Dispelling Python regius Myths "Gorzula, Stefan, William Owusu Nsiah, and William Oduro. Survey of the status and By Francis Cosquieri management of the Royal Python (Python regius) in Ghana. Secrétariat CITES, 1997." This paper lists several pythons being found in Before we get deep into the “nitty gritty” of the trees, although points out that the species is subject I want to take a moment to say that the very adaptable to the point of being AHH Royal Python sub-group "Not Just a Pet semi-invasive and responds well to Rock" is the best place to start for getting rid of anthropogenic disturbance. the preconceptions surrounding the poor old Royal Python. Zack Tippie and the other admins have done an incredible job of "Luiselli, Luca, and Francesco Maria Angelici. dispelling the myths surrounding Royal Python "Sexual size dimorphism and natural history behaviour and husbandry, and Zack’s care traits are correlated with intersexual dietary guide for this oft-maligned snake (to be found divergence in royal pythons (Python regius) in the third Advancing Herpetological from the rainforests of southeastern Nigeria." Husbandry Quarterly Newsletter) is one of the Italian Journal of Zoology 65.2 (1998): best I have read. 183-185." - In the meantime, here is a post I made some Half of the male pythons encountered over a time ago on AHH itself bringing together some two year period were found on trees, there is a information on the wild habits of this python. large discrepancy between habitat use by All the papers mentioned here can be found in male and female pythons, and by larger and the AHH Files section. -
Cfreptiles & Amphibians
WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS IRCF REPTILES • VOL15, & NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 22(3):102–105 • SEP 2015 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Range. ChasingExtension Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi ) inand Wisconsin: Geographic Distribution On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: RecordA Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................ for the Burmese Python,Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCHPython ARTICLES bivittatus Kuhl 1820 . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida (Reptilia: ............................................. Pythonidae)Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, in Kevin M.Northwestern Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 India CONSERVATION ALERT Ritesh Joshi1 and Abhishek Singh2 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 1Conservation. More & Survey Than Mammals Division, ..................................................................................................................................................................... -
C:\TEMP\Copy of Digest of HB1354 Engrossed (Rev 0).Wpd
DIGEST The digest printed below was prepared by House Legislative Services. It constitutes no part of the legislative instrument. The keyword, one-liner, abstract, and digest do not constitute part of the law or proof or indicia of legislative intent. [R.S. 1:13(B) and 24:177(E)] Hill HB No. 1354 Abstract: Provides for licensure for any person selling, trading, or propagating certain nonindigenous or poisonous snakes or constrictors. Present law requires any person buying or handling for resale or any person transporting any native reptile or amphibian is required to have a reptile and amphibian wholesale/retail dealer's license at a cost of $105 for a resident and $405 for a nonresident. Proposed law expands present law to require licensure of any person buying or handling for resale or propagation of any live species of poisonous snake or constrictor. Proposed law defines constrictor to include Apodora papuana (Papuan python), Liasis olivacea, (Olive python), Morelia spilota (Carpet or Diamond python), Morelia kinghorni (Scrub python), Morelia amethystine (Amethystine python), Python natalensis (Southern African python), Python sebae (African Rock python), Python molurus (Indian or Burmese python), Python reticulatus (Reticulate python), any species of the genus Boa (Boa constrictors), and any species of the genus Eunectes (Anacondas), and venomous snakes to include the Families Viperidae (Pitvipers and Vipers), Elapidae (Cobras and Mambas), Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes), Atractaspididae (Mole Vipers), as well as the genera Dispholidus, Thelotornis, and Rhabdophis of the Family Colubridae. Proposed law provides that constrictors in excess of six feet and venomous snakes may only be kept by permit from the Dept. -
Investigations Into the Presence of Nidoviruses in Pythons Silvia Blahak1, Maria Jenckel2,3, Dirk Höper2, Martin Beer2, Bernd Hoffmann2 and Kore Schlottau2*
Blahak et al. Virology Journal (2020) 17:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-1279-5 RESEARCH Open Access Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons Silvia Blahak1, Maria Jenckel2,3, Dirk Höper2, Martin Beer2, Bernd Hoffmann2 and Kore Schlottau2* Abstract Background: Pneumonia and stomatitis represent severe and often fatal diseases in different captive snakes. Apart from bacterial infections, paramyxo-, adeno-, reo- and arenaviruses cause these diseases. In 2014, new viruses emerged as the cause of pneumonia in pythons. In a few publications, nidoviruses have been reported in association with pneumonia in ball pythons and a tiger python. The viruses were found using new sequencing methods from the organ tissue of dead animals. Methods: Severe pneumonia and stomatitis resulted in a high mortality rate in a captive breeding collection of green tree pythons. Unbiased deep sequencing lead to the detection of nidoviral sequences. A developed RT-qPCR was used to confirm the metagenome results and to determine the importance of this virus. A total of 1554 different boid snakes, including animals suffering from respiratory diseases as well as healthy controls, were screened for nidoviruses. Furthermore, in addition to two full-length sequences, partial sequences were generated from different snake species. Results: The assembled full-length snake nidovirus genomes share only an overall genome sequence identity of less than 66.9% to other published snake nidoviruses and new partial sequences vary between 99.89 and 79.4%. Highest viral loads were detected in lung samples. The snake nidovirus was not only present in diseased animals, but also in snakes showing no typical clinical signs. -
Aspidites Melanocephalus) in the Wild
Northern Territory Naturalist (2019) 29: 37-39 Short Note An observation of excavating behaviour by a Black-headed Python (Aspidites melanocephalus) in the wild Gerry Swan1 and Christy Harvey2 12 Acron Road, St Ives, NSW 2075, Australia Email: [email protected] 216 Fleetwood Cres, Frankston South, VIC 3199, Australia Abstract The Black-headed Python (Aspidites melanocephalus) and the Woma (Aspidites ramsayi) have both been reported as carrying out burrowing or excavating behaviour. These reports have been based mainly on observations of captive individuals, with the only observations of specimens in the wild being those of Bruton (2013) on Womas. Here we report on a Black-headed Python scooping out sand with its head and fore-body to create a depression in the wild. The pythonid genus Aspidites has been reported as exhibiting burrowing behaviour (Ross & Marzec 1990; Ehmann 1993; Barker & Barker 1994), based mainly on the report by Murphy, Lamoreaux & Barker (1981) that four captive Black-headed Pythons (A. melanocephalus) excavated gravel by using their head and neck to scoop loose material and create a cavity. O’Brien & Naylor (1987) reported that a young specimen that had been recently removed from the wild and was being held pending release, was observed digging beneath rocks and logs, ultimately creating a cavity in which it concealed itself. Fyfe & Harvey (1981) recorded similar behaviour by six captive Womas (Aspidites ramsayi). The floor of the vivaria in which they were housed was covered with 5–15 cm of sand and the pythons scooped this out in large quantities until they reached the base of the vivarium. -
Updated 3 February 2020 1
Updated 3 February 2020 Orange County Animal Services Advisory Board (ASAB) “Dangerous Animals Task Force” Participants: Chair Bryan Stuart; Current Members Amanda Schwoerke, Edmund Tiryakian, Beth Grooms, Irene Phipps, Bob Marotto, Rachel Plast; Past Members Susan Elmore, Evelyn Daniel --- Animal Control Ordinance DIVISION 5. – KEEPING OF WILD ANIMALS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY Sec. 4-181. Definitions. As used hereinafter, the following term shall mean: Wild Animals Potentially Dangerous to Persons and Property, hereinafter referred to as “Wild and Dangerous Animals”: The term applies to the following types of animals that are deemed dangerous and injurious to the public and/or domesticated animals and/or other property based on elevated risk of causing physical, zoonotic or epidemiological harm: Venomous reptiles, defined as lizard and snake species or subspecies that are capable of injecting toxins that may cause severe pain, injury, and/or death to humans; Crocodilians; Large constricting snakes, meaning any heavy-bodied snake that feeds by constriction and which species, subspecies or hybrid may attain a total adult body length reaching or exceeding 10 feet, including, but not restricted to, Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus), Yellow Anaconda (Eunectes notaeus), Reticulated Python [Python (=Malayopython) reticulatus), Burmese Python (Python bivittatus), Indian Python (Python molurus), African Rock Python (Python sebae), and Amethystine Python [Morelia (=Simalia) amethistina]i; Felines other than the domestic house cat. Any hybrid of such felines with the domestic house cat (hereafter as “hybrid felines”) is permissible only if the hybrid is a filial 5 (F5) hybrid or later (defined as being five or more generations since the cross included a pure wild feline) as documented by a breeder pedigree from a generally accepted registry, or genetic testing methods that are generally accepted by the scientific community; maintained at all times in an enclosed environment; and documented to be vaccinated against rabies by a licensed veterinarian. -
MAHS Care Sheet Master List *By Eric Roscoe Care Sheets Are Often An
MAHS Care Sheet Master List *By Eric Roscoe Care sheets are often an excellent starting point for learning more about the biology and husbandry of a given species, including their housing/enclosure requirements, temperament and handling, diet , and other aspects of care. MAHS itself has created many such care sheets for a wide range of reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates we believe to have straightforward care requirements, and thus make suitable family and beginner’s to intermediate level pets. Some species with much more complex, difficult to meet, or impracticable care requirements than what can be adequately explained in a one page care sheet may be multiple pages. We can also provide additional links, resources, and information on these species we feel are reliable and trustworthy if requested. If you would like to request a copy of a care sheet for any of the species listed below, or have a suggestion for an animal you don’t see on our list, contact us to let us know! Unfortunately, for liability reasons, MAHS is unable to create or publish care sheets for medically significant venomous species. This includes species in the families Crotilidae, Viperidae, and Elapidae, as well as the Helodermatidae (the Gila Monsters and Mexican Beaded Lizards) and some medically significant rear fanged Colubridae. Those that are serious about wishing to learn more about venomous reptile husbandry that cannot be adequately covered in one to three page care sheets should take the time to utilize all available resources by reading books and literature, consulting with, and working with an experienced and knowledgeable mentor in order to learn the ropes hands on. -
Ball Python Care Sheet
Ball Python Care Sheet NATURAL HISTORY: The Ball Python (also called the Royal Python) is by far the most common pet python in this part of the world. Ball pythons are native to sub-Saharan West Africa and thrive in extreme heat and humidity. Ball pythons are generally hardy and tend to do well in captivity if all of their basic husbandry needs are met. They are friendly, easy to handle, and a bit shy — making them a favorite amongst many reptile owners. Males range in size from 2-3 feet and females 3-5 feet. A ball python’s lifespan is variable, however, they can live for up to 25-35 years in captivity. DIET: Ball pythons consume rodents exclusively. Ball pythons can be fed mice or rats depending on the age and size of the snake. As a rule of thumb, the size (largest diameter) of the prey item should be approximately the same diameter as the snake’s body. Feeder rodents can be purchased alive or frozen. I recommend feeding frozen-thawed or pre-killed rodents to all pet snakes because live prey items are able to fight back. Keep in mind that rodents have very strong jaws, with sharp teeth, and are capable of inflicting serious wounds on your pet. Therefore, a live rodent should never be left in a snake’s enclosure without direct supervision. Some people prefer to feed snakes in a separate bin or tank (outside of their primary enclosure) which may help prevent accidental bites while reaching into their primary enclosure. Juvenile ball pythons should be fed weekly and adults may be fed bi-weekly or monthly depending on the size of the prey item.