27670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 12, 1974 freedom of religion, or freedom to emigrate, Republic. He has been beaten and stabbed and student groups in New York at the So there 1s no reason for us to do likewise. Let us on a number of occasions by criminal in viet Mission to the U.N. in New York, and at use our best weapons for the hearts and mates, with the full knowledge, if not in· the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C. minds of men. Let us win real ames and deter stigation, of the prison authorities. Also, protests and demands for the release war by again and again quoting the great The other Ukrainian political prisoner is of V. Moroz and L. Plyushch have been pour truths of our Declaration of Independence Leonid Plyushch, a 34-year-old mathemati ing in from various American labor, academic and our Captive Nations Resolution to the cian and cybernetics specialist, who has been and professional groups; at least three U.S. one b1llion human beings locked inside the committed to a "psychiatric ward" in the Senators are known to have made demarches Captive Nations. For !a.r too long, we have Dnipropetrovsk prison in Ukraine !or an in on behalf of V. Moroz: J. Glenn Beall, Jr., neglected our best defenses against Com definite period. and Charles McC. Mathias of Maryland and munism, our arsenal of spiritual weapons. Both Moroz and Plyushch a.re being pres Charles Percy of lllinois, and several U.S. DEAN MANION. Thank you, Fred Schlafiy, sured to "atone" and recant their critical Congressmen. President of the World Anti-Communist views of the Soviet system, which they Mr. Secretary: League, !or reminding us that we are st111 steadfastly refuse to do. We are fully aware of the delicate status pledged by the unanimous vote of both In February, 1974, Prof. Andrei D. Sak of U.S.-Soviet relations and our plea. is not Houses of Oongress to work for the freedom harov, outstanding Russian physicist, sent an meant to upset it. On the contrary, it is in and national independence of the nations appeal from Moscow, urging international the context of improving U.S.-Soviet rela now held captive by Red China and Soviet action to save Plyushch, whom he described tions that we seek your support and inter Russia. I hope that the people who heard as being "near death" as a result of large vention on behalf of Valentyn Moroz and you here today will make haste to remind doses o! haloperidol which have been reg Leonid Plyushch. Both President Nixon and the President of that continuing resolution. ularly administered to him. Also, in June you were successful in prevamng upon the Pro!. Sa.kharov sent two separate appeals to Soviet government to relax its rules regard· UKRAINIAN CoNGRESS COMMI'l"I'EE President Nixon and Secretary General ing the emigration of Soviet Jews from th& OF AMERICA, INc., Leonid Brezhnev, on behalf of Moroz, and on USSR to Israel. Like the U.S. government, we New York, N.Y., July 31, 1974. behalf of 98 Russian, Ukrainian, Baltic and too, believe in the relaxation of international Bon. HENBY A. KISSINGER, Jewish political prisoners. Finally, Pro!. tensions and a just peace with freedom and Secreta.ry of Sta.te, Depa.rtment of Sta.te, Sa.kharov made another telephone appeal in justice in the world. But the policy of detente Wa,sh.tngton, D.C. the middle of July, 1974 stating that Mr. does not necessarily mean the abandonment DEAR MR. SECRETARY: On June 22, 1974 Moroz has been on and off a hunger strike of our belief in the rights of the individual during the National Manifestation in De since July 1, 1974, and his whereabouts as regardless of his creed, color or national fense of Human Rights in Ukraine, held in well as the state of his health are unknown, origin. our Nation's capital and attended by 10,000 as prison authorities refuse to accept calls We hope, Mr. Secretary, that you will heed people from several states, a delegation of !rom abroad or release any information on our plea and will use the power of your high the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer the Ukrainian historian. office to save the lives of Valentyn Moroz and ica submitted to the White House a plea Mr. Secretary: Leonid Plyushch. Both our government as memorandum urging President Nixon to The Ukrainian American community and intervene with the Soviet leaders whom he Ukrainians throughout the world, as well as well as that of the USSR stand to gain by was scheduled to meet in Moscow, on behalf many prominent intellectuals from various demonstrating their sensitivity to the pleas of two Ukrainian political prisoners. These countries have been deeply concerned about of hundreds of thousands of men and women two prisoners are reportedly being tortured the fate of V. Moroz and L. Plyushch. In throughout the world who are deeply con and drugged to their almost certain death. Canada, a number of parliamentaria,ns took cerned !or these Ukrainian political prisoners We also sent a telegram to President Nixon the issue to the Canadian government. Last and who appeal and act in whatever way they in care of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow dur week Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada can for the release of these two Ukrainian ing his stay in the SOviet capital !or the summoned the SOviet Ambassador in Ottawa mtellectuals. same purpose. Regrettably, to this very day and expressed the concern of his government Respectfully yours, we have not received even a formal and and appealed to the Soviet government to LEV E. DOBRIANSKY, routine acknowledgment of the receipt of release V. Moroz. There have been hunger President. our communications. protests and strikes by the Ukrainian youth JOSEPH LESAWYER, The two Ukrainian political prisoners in and women's organizations in Ottawa. Executive Director. question are Valentyn Moroz, a 38-year-old Here, in the United States, hunger strikes Executive Vice President. Ukrainian historian who was sentenced to 14 and protests in defense of Moroz were held IVAN BAZARKO, years imprisonment and is currently incar by Ukrainian women on July 23-26, 1974 IGNATIUS M. BILLINSKY, cerated in Vladimir Prison in the Russian opposite the U.N. headquarters, and by youth Secreta.ry.
SENATE-Monday, August 12, 1974 The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon and And to Thee shall be all glory and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem was called to order by Hon. FLOYD K. praise. Amen. pore. The clerk will call the roll. HASKELL, a Senator from the State of The second assistant legislative clerk Colorado. proceeded to call the roll. APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask DENT PRO TEMPORE unanimous consent that the order for PRAYER The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk the quorum call be rescinded. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward will please read a communication to the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Senate from the President pro tempore pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. prayer: (Mr. EASTLAND). The legislative clerk read the following Almighty God, who doeth all things letter: THE JOURNAL well, we thank Thee for dispelling the U.S. SENATE, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask clouds of darkness from the landscape of PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, unanimous consent that the reading of the Nation and for the light which sheds Wa.shington, D.C., August 12,1974. the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, its ray upon our pathway to the future. To th.e Sena.te: August 9, 1974, be dispensed with. In the march of history, give us a vision Being temporarily absent from the Senate on offi.cilal duties, I appoint Hon. FLOYD K. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem of Thy purpose and move us to greater HASKELL, a. Senator from the State of Colo pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. deeds of service. Guide us to a more per rado, to perform the duties of the Chair fect justice, to equality of opportunity during my absence. and to that spirit of liberty which nour JAMES 0. EASTLAND, MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE ishes truth and righteousness. President pro tempore. Be graciously near to the President A message from the House of Repre Mr. HASKELL thereupon took the sentatives by Mr. Berry, one of its read that he may think wisely, speak clearly, chair as Acting President pro tempore. ing clerks, announced that the House in and act confidently. Grant us receptive sists upon its amendment to the bill (S. minds and hearts as he speaks to the 3698) to amend the Atomic Energy Act Nation. Forge us once more into one QUORUM CALL of 1954, as amended, to enable Congress united people, "strong in the Lord and in Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I sug to concur in or disapprove international the power of His might." gest the absence of a quorum. agreements for cooperation in regard to August 12, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 27671 certain nuclear technology, disagreed to sented to the President of the United tional Personnel, which had been re by the Senate; agrees to the conference States the enrolled joint resolution
OTHER PROVISIONS of being a model employer. Enactment as a model workers' compensation law. Other provisions of the bill will : allow of these amendments will do much to In fact, the recommendations of the Na compensation of up to 312 weeks for an achieve that goal. tional Commission on State Workmens' impaired external or internal organ not In view of the broad-based support of Compensation Laws were used as a guide specified by the statutory schedule; ad this bill by the Department of Labor in preparing these amendments to the just the Consumer Price Index computa and by all concerned employee organiza act. tion in order to make it more responsive tions, as well as the bipartisan and unan Now, I would like to describe the non to cost-of-living increases; make certain imous action of the committee, I would technical changes made in H.R. 13871 by previously excluded groups eligible for urge colleagues to vote in favor of these our committee. cost-of-living compensation increases. much-needed and deeply humane The House-passed bill, in addition to Further, the bill will: Provide addi amendments. permitting the employee a choice of fa tional compensation for wives with de Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, the Federal cilities and physicians, adds podiatrists pendent husbands; increase the monthly Employees' Compensation Act has not to the list of authorized physicians and allowance for the service of attendants been amended since 1966. During the past available services. The committee ex for disabled workers from $300 to $500; 8 years, a number of economic and ad panded upon this definition to include eliminate the requirement for Federal ministrative developments have made it not only podiatrists, but also dentists, review of benefit levels when participants necessary to update and revise our pro clinical psychologists, optometrists, and reach age 70; permit employees or sur gram of compensation benefits for in chiropractors subject to certain limita vivors to receive benefits from both VA jured Federal workers. I feel this new tions. The services of chiropractors will and FECA as long as the claim is not for legislation, H.R. 13871, as amended by be limited to manual manipulation of the the same injury; reduce from 21 to 14 the Senate Committee on Labor and Pub spine. These additional categories reflect days the minimum length of disability lic Welfare, meets those changing condi a recognition of the need for specialized required to waive the exclusion of com tions and will insure the continuance of professional services which should be pensaton for the first 3 days of disabil the FECA as a model of efficient and available directly to the disabled worker. ity; lengthen the time for notice of in equitable compensation for workers in Currently, such services are available jury from 48 hours to 30 days; permit jured in the performance of their duties. only through referral by a treating or Federal agencies to obtain claims forms I congratulate the House and especially supervising medical doctor. directly from the Government Printing Mr. DANIELS, the distinguished chairman Generally speaking, under existing law, Office rather than the Department of of the House Select Subcommittee on no compensation is paid with respect to Labor; extend the statute of limitations Labor, and the ranking minority member the loss of personal property due to an from 1 to 3 years; expedite procedures of that subcommittee, Mr. EscH, for such accident even if the same accident re for the recovery of benefits by the Fed an excellent piece of legislation. The bill sulted in personal injury. Nonreimburs eral Government in case of third-party has had the strong support of the Depart able personal property includes such liability; permit death benefits to exceed ment of Labor, and the concerned em items as artificial limbs and other pros the monthly pay of the deceased em ployee organizations. thetic devices. The committee b111 ployee if the excess is created by author It is my belief that the amendments amends the definition of the term "in ized cost of living adjustments; provide to H.R. 13871 adopted by the Senate jury" under the act to include damage to $200 to the representative of the de Committee on Labor and Public Welfare or destruction of medical braces, artificial ceased employee to cover administrative will further strengthen the bill and tie limbs, and other prosthetic devices. In costs necessary to terminate the dece up a few loose ends. order to make it clear that eyeglasses and dent's status as a Federal employee; per I would like to highlight briefly some hearing aids are not covered in cases mit the Secretary to discharge compen of the major provisions of the bill passed where such items are accidentally dam sation liability by lump sum payment if by the House and reported by our com aged or destroyed under situation not in the monthly payment is under $50- mittee. The bill authorizes the employ volving personal injury, the committee formerly $5-provide for the use of im ing agency to continue an employee's pay has included language that such devices proved actuarial tables; require the U.S. for a period not exceeding 45 days, where • will not be replaced, or otherwise com Postal Service to contribute to the em the employee files a claim under the act pensated for, unless the damage or de ployees' compensation fund with respect based on a traumatic injury. struction is incident to an injury requir to administrative costs, and will increase The bill further helps to assure that ing medical services. the act's compensation rate for Head of Federal employees, including those of The committee bill extends FECA cov Household Peace Corps Volunteers to the U.S. Postal Service, who are injured erage to all eligible Federal employees that of volunteer leaders. on the job and return to Federal employ who are killed or injured while serving In view of the continuing interest in ment within 1 year, that during their pe as Federal grand or petit jurors. The in improving workers' compensation at riod of disability they will incur no loss of tent of this provision is to apply cover both the State and Federal level, the bill benefits that they would have received age on the same basis as if the juror were requires the Secretary of Labor to con absent the injury or disease. Addition an employee on a special mission as part duct a broad-based review of the Fed ally, it provides a guaranteed right to of his Federal employment. eral employees' compensation program an injured Federal employee to return The Department of Labor has rejected which w111, among other things, include: to his former or equivalent position if he such claims for compensation on the First, the level and distribution of sur recovers within 1 year. H.R. 13871 also basis that Federal jurors do not come vivors' benefits in order to determine the permits continuation of benefits, at the within the present statutory definition of most equitable method of providing com total compensation rate, to those workers Federal employees. The existing situa pensation to the family of a deceased who recover sufficiently to enter an ap tion is certainly unfair to those who are employee, including consideration of an proved program of vocational rehabilita performing such a vital and important approach based on a spendable earnings tion. civic duty. concept; second, the adequacy of sched The bill extends the time for filing for Since the FECA was last amended in uled awards; third, the feasibility of in disability compensation from 1 to 3 years, 1966, the Peace Corps has recognized cluding disabilities involving the heart. and eliminates the 5-year waiver provi a third category of volunteers, generally brain, and back in a system of scheduled sion. Provision is made for equal treat referred to as the Head of Household compensation; fourth, whether the Sec ment of surviving widows and widowers, Volunteer, HOH, because he or she serves retary of Labor should have discretion ellminating the artificial differences in with one or more minor children. A ary authority to increase maximum entitlement between husband and wife. HOH Volunteer receives a readjustment monthly attendant and maintenance The bill eliminates the requirement that allowance of $125 per month, the same allowances. the Office of Workers' Compensation figure as a Volunteer leader receives. It is essential that injured or disabled Program reassess an individual's com However, at present he or she is com employees of all covered departments pensation and possibly reduce it when he pensated under the FECA for disabiiity and agencies, including those of the U.S. reaches 70. Also, survivors' benefits are payments at the same rate as an ordi Postal Service, be treated in a fair and increased by 5 percent. nary Volunteer. The committee bill pro equitable manner. The Federal Govern Progressive new developments such as vides consistency in the application of ment should strive to attain the position these are necessary to maintain the act monthly earnings as the computation 2767() CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 12, 1974 basis for disability. Accordingly, Head of dent will address the Nation for the first potic, as wicked, and as capable o:f as bitter Household Volunteers will be deemed, In time. Following that address, I would and bloody persecutions. During the throes and convulsions o:f the the same manner as Volunteer Leaders, urge that he meet with the joint, biparti ancient world, during the agonizing spasms of to be receiving monthly pay at GB-11 san congressional leadership-as, indeed, infuriated man, seeking through blood and rates. I am reasonably sure he will plan to do slaughter his long-lost Uberty, it was not In conclusion, Mr. President, I believe in order that we may discuss together wonderful that the agitation of the b1llowa that the bill before us today is a well what can be accomplished in the re should reach even this distant and peaceful considered and much needed piece of maining days of this Congress: the dis shore; that this should be more felt and legislation. Its enactment will serve to position of pending legislation-for ex feared by some, and less by others, and should divide opinions as to measures of assure that the Federal Government will ample, the agricultural appropriation safety; but every difference o:f opinion is not be a model employer in the area of bill veto, campaign financing, health leg a difference of principle. We have called by workers' compensation. islation, and numerous other measures different names brethren of the same prin I urge all of my colleagues to support which are pending; whether we wish to ciple. We are all Republicans; we are all this bill. recommend to him certain additional Federalists. The amendments were agreed to. legislation; whether he wishes to make If there be any among us who wish to dis The amendments were ordered to be that kind of recommendation to us; solve this Union, or to change its republican engrossed and the blll to be read a third :form, let them stand undisturbed as monu whether he wishes to pick up an earlier ments of the safety with which error of opin time. recommendation of the joint leader ion may be tolerated, where reason is left free The bill was read the third time, and ship-and, indeed, of the two bodies to combat it. passed. for an economic summit, to discuss the I know, indeed, that some honest men :fear problems of inflation and other areas that a republican government cannot be that beset the economy. strong; that this government is not strong JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO enough. But would the honest patriot, in the HOUSES TONIGHT In that way, I think we can be off to a good start. We can find out what we :full tide of successful experiment, abandon Mr.l\a.NSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask a government which has so far kept us free can do and how we can do it; and we and firm, on the theoretic and visionary fear, the Chair to lay before the Senate a can tell the country that we are going to that this government, the world's best hope, message from the House of Representa do this much this year. Then, when the may, by posslb111ty, want energy to preserve tives on House Concurrent Resolution 94th Congress come.::; in, we will, of itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the con 594. course, receive more elaborate programs; trary, the strongest government on earth. I The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem and the Senate and the House will want believe it the only one where every man, at pore laid before the Senate House Con to have their input and their recom the call of the law, would fly to the standard current Resolution 594, which was read of the law, and would meet invasions of the mendations. public order as his own personal concern. as follows: It is with a feeling of great confidence H. CoN. RES. 594 Sometimes it is said that man cannot be and genuine optimism that I look for trusted with the government of himself. Can Resolved. by the Ho'U8e of Representatives ward to an era of warm and friendly and he then be trusted with the government of (the Senate concurring), That the two very genuine cooperation between the others? Or, have we found angels in the :form Houses of Congress assemble in the Hall o:f executive and the legislative branches. of kinds, to govern him? Let history answer the House o:f Representatives on Monday, this question. August 12, 1974, at 9 p.m. for the purpose o:f We ·. vill continue to watch our responsi Let us then, with courage and confidence, receiving such communications as the Pres bilities, to assert our true relationships pursue our own federal and republican prin ident of the United States shalL be pleased to with the Executive; but, at the same ciples; our attachment to union and repre make to them. time, in an administration whose hall sentative government. Kindly separated by The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem mark, as the President has said to me, nature and a wide ocean :from the extermi pore. Is there objection to the immediate wtll be openness and accessibility, we nating havoc of one quarter of the globe; too consideration of the concurrent resolu can all achieve those things which have high-minded to endure the degradation of tion? not yet been done and which ought to the others, possessing a chosen country, with have been done. room enough for our descendants to the There being no objection, the resolu thousandth and thousandth generation, en tion was considered and agreed to. So I look forward to this coming era, tertaining a due sense of our equal right to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, for not with euphoria, but with a very real the use of our own faculties, to the acqui the information of the Senate-and I istic and pragmatic judgment that we sition of our own industry, to honor and. would hope that the attaches would get are headed for times of accomplishment, confidence from our fellow-citizens, result this out on the "hot line"-the Senate in which matters that have been on the ing not from birth, but from our actions and will meet in this Chamber at 8:40 this back-burner can now be moved forward their sense of them, enlightened by a benign evening, for the purpose of going, in a and disposed of in the public interest. religion, professed in deed and practised 1n Exhibit 1 follows: various :forms, yet all o:f them inculcating body, to the Hall of the House of Rep honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and resentatives, to hear the President of the EXHIBIT 1 the love of man, acknowledging and adoring United States. THOMAS JEFFERSON: A PLEA FOR UNITY an overruling Providence, which, by all its During the contest of opinion through dispensations, proves that it delights in the which we have passed, the animation of dis happiness of man here, and his greater hap A PLEA FOR UNITY cussions and of exertions has sometimes worn piness hereafter; with all these blessings, Mr. HUGH SCOTT. Mr. President, I an aspect which might impose on strangers what more is necessary to make us a happy unused to think freely, and to speak and to and prosperous people? -ask unanimous consent to have printed write what they think; but this being now Still one thing more, fellow-citizens, a wise at the conclusion of my remarks the plea decided by the voice of the nation, an and frugal government, which shall restrain of President Thomas Jefferson for unity, nounced according to the rules of the Con men from injuring one another, shall leave delivered in his inaugural address on stitution, all wm of course arrange them them otherwise :free to regulate their own March 4, 1801. selves under the wlll of the law, and unite pursuits of industry and improvement, and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem 1n common efforts :for the common good. shall not take from the mouth of labor the pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. All too will bear in mind this sacred pr1n· bread it has earned. This is the sum of good ciple, that though the will o:f the majority leasing at that time and urged an inde and I believe the citizens of New England BOSTON HERALD EDITORIAL IN SUPPORT 011' pendent evaluation of environmental, eco· want to know: Is offshore drllling going to DRILLING nomic and alternative energy sources by the produce lower home heating bills to home Hearings on Monday before Sen EMK on National Academy of Sciences. The Aclinin owners? Is offshore drllling going to reduce proposed offshore drilling for oU and gas put lstration opposed that e:ffort for two years- the price of gasollne? Is offshore drnUng go the whole picture into much clearer perspec despite its adoption by the Senate and de ing to mean more jobs and a growing econ tive. spite its endorsement by numereous East omy for New England? Of major interest was the testimony of Dr. Coast Governors. Fine.lly, prior to the Presi· Or is New England going to take all of Bostwick Ketchum an ecologist from the dent's Energy Message of April 1973, former the environmental risks attendant on off Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution that Energy Advisor James Akins recommended shore drilling only to see the resources and tankers already using NE harbors and inland the inclusion in the Energy message of an jobs shipped outside the region? Are we to waters pose a greater threat to the environ· environmental study of Atlantic o:ffshore see the value of our fisheries further dimin ment than drUling off Georges Bank would. drnllng. ished and the beauty of our seashore de stroyed? He said that records show such drllling Although the National Academy of Sci can be done without damage to fish. The fish ences was given a role as critic, the study I believe these questions and others must catch o:ff Louisiana stayed relatively con• itself was conducted by the Administra be answered before valuable and non-renew stant for the last fotry years, and they have tion's Council on Environmenal Quality. able public resources are handed over to pri :far more intensive off shore oil development Its report, whne admittedly a first e:ffort, vate control. The President has called for than anything contemplated for New Eng left many loose ends and its ranking of 10 million acres to be leased to private in Georges Bank development as offering the dustry in 1975, nearly one-fifth of our avail land. lowest relative risk is one that I dispute and able offshore lands and as much acreage as That should dispell some of the fears ex that the National Academy of Sciences ques has been leased in the past 20 years. pressed by environmentalists about exploit· tioned. Before that occurs, I believe that we must ing fuel resources off our coast. If we can This hearing today is designed to tie up demand answers to our questions. live with the tankers in our harbors, where some of those loose ends and to provide both First, we must be sure that offshore drill spills of refined on are far more injurious to the Congress and the executive branch with ing is considered as part of an overall na marine life, than spills of crude oil out at a better understanding of the potential im tional energy policy that balances ..the costs sea we can accept off shore drilllng carried pact of offshore oil drilling on our state. and benefits of all sources of energy. One out under the most rigidly controlled condi Every Administration spokesman speaks of element must also be to consider whether tions. Dr. Ketchum brings impressive au offshore oil and gas development as the some portion of the OCS resources should be 'thOil'ity into the debate-on the side of answer to New England's energy needs. Yet preserved as a national hedge against a fu proceeding for the common good. the facts are unclear. We may well import ture boycott or any other emergency threat Just how much the area will benefit imme as much on in the future as we do today, to our energy supply. It must be consistent diately was debated at the hearing, but the even with the most optimistic production as well with coastal zone policies that pro need for more fossil fuel is unquestionable. estimates for offshore drnling. tect our shorelines from unplanned develop Sooner or later the wealth of energy re The Administration implies that an en ment. sources under our coastal waters must be vironmental impact statement is a mere Second, we must be sure that the technol tapped. Off shore drilling has been viewed formality before actual leasing is underway. ogy is adequate to the task and that there with far too much emotion. The subject Yet, the National Academy of Sciences cri are regulations strict enough to ensure that needed the kind of clarification it received a1 tique of the Administration's first environ adequate technology, when it is available, is the Kennedy Ocean Policy Study hea.rtna mental review was unmistakably cautious, used. The NSF-funded study by the Univer And complaints that drilling will foul Ne\\ stating,".•. the Committee agrees with the sity of Oklahoma stated that "Most of these England's waters and beaches must be con CEQ that present knowledge is inadequate weaknesses in physical technologies exist be sidered in the light of Dr. Ketchum's scien for assessing thoroughly the likely physical cause, until very recently, standards used tific and highly convinsing testimony. and biological consequences of OCS devel for determining the adequacy of OCS tech opment activities on the environmentals in nologies have been based largely on indus question." try's judgment of what is economically feas Perhaps more important, the National ible." We cannot afford private interests A POKE AT BUREAUCRACY Academy reiterated the findings of every re rather than public interest as the standard Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I respect cent study on oil and gas development on for offshore oil development. fully request leave poke bureaucracy the Georges Bank-that "potential impacts For that reason, as Chairman of the omce to on commercial fisheries should be evaluated of Technology Assessment Board of Directors, in the ribs once more. My job is directed before development begins." I have asked that one of this new Congres toward the Social Security Administra Our fishing industry has been a mainstay sional advisory agency's first priority be the tion. Mr. Henry Mead, a constituent of of our economy and of the nation's food examination of offshore technology. mine, applied in November of 1973 for supply since colonial days. In recent years, Third, we must insure that leasing proce his social security retirement benefits. New England fishermen have been faced with dures and compensation standards are ade After 9 months and the submission of 90 subsidized foreign competition which has quate to protect the public interest. Most pages of personal documents, Mr. Mead captured some 85 percent of the fishing on witnesses before the ocean Policy Study hear the Georges Bank and depleted our stocks ings in Washington have concluded that has at last received his flrs·ii social secu in the process. Even so, our fishermen land without some form of revenue sharing with rity check. almost $26 million worth of hake, haddock, adjacent states, the net result will be an My years in Congress have rendered cod, flounder, skate, and other species, at economic loss to the coastal states. this sort of predicament believable tn Boston, Gloucester and New Bedford every Fourth, we must consider as an alterna me. In spite of the "reforming" measures year. tive to total private control over o:ffshore instituted by Congress and by Govern We must not risk that industry without development, the establishment of a Federal ment organizations, excessive bureau being absolutely sure that there is no alter 011 and Gas Corporation, to both obtain in cratic complications are everywhere per native or without taking every precaution to dependent data and to check the pricing minimize disruptions. Yet, even the most policies of the private companies. I have co• petuated. I cannot claim to have been basic data currently is unavailable to De sponsored legislation for that purpose. At successful in cutting through every partment of Interior decisionma.kers. I be the very least, we should tightly control the jumble of redtape. In a case like Mr. lieve every document or fact held by private prices to be charged for the on products pro Mead's, though, it is best to persevere in industry must be made available to the gov duced. attempting to lessen and ultimately ernment before the first lease is sold. A Na Finally, we must establish clear and en tional Science Foundation-funded study remedy the confusion which organiza forceable regulations not only to minimize tions can force upon individuals. Mr. noted: "In addition to lacking background the potential for accidents but to assign U data, the Department of Interior has limited abllity to the developer for any and all costs. Mead has not yet succumbed to bureauc geological and geophysical data to use in its Not only must the rules be set forth but the racy. I hope my colleagues in Govern management and control of OCS oil and gas institutional mechanism for enforcement ment can learn from his example. development." must be in place before any leases are of· Mr. President, I ask unanimous con Perhaps the single statistic that under fered. sent that the article in the July 1974 is scores the inadequacy of current data is that The witnesses this morning are going to sue of Nebraska Newspaper magazine less than 3 percent of the U.S. Outer Con examine some of these questions. Their testi tinental Shelf was mapped as of 1972. entitled "Just Asking for a Little Secu mony will help both the Congress and the rity ..." be printed in the RECORD. The All of these factors make it more and more Adm1n1stra.tion to balance the potential 1m essential that we demand full answers to pacts-positive and negative-of o:ffshore magazine is published by the Nebraska basic questions that concern the citizens of drilling. And they hopefully w111 help us de Press Association. New England. These are the same questions termine whether curtrent laws and a.dmin'ls There being no objection, the article I posed last year during the Councn on En trative procedures are adequate to protect was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, vironmental Quality hearings. I want to know the public interest. as follows: August 12, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 27691 have beeil! in the newspaper business all my JtJST AsKING FOR A LrrrLE SEC'URITY morning mail along with solicitations for the Indian Missions and Korean orphans? life, and such material accumulations as now (EDIToR's NOTE.-The following article was "You can even fall so low," he said, "that appear in the balance sheets that Mr. Green authored by Minnesota Press Association you wonder about the mail service. And you so assiduously studies have not been due to Newspaper editor Cindy Sperbeck and is re recall the question that Postmaster Blount 'big' decisions, or even very smart decisions. printed in this publication with her per raised one time at a staff conference: 'If nei Rather, they may be credited to 40 years of mission.) ther snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of 70-hour weeks, 40 years of what one pub Last November Henry Mead reached that night can stay these coUriers from the swift lisher has called 'uncomplaining drudgery.' point in his life when he could forget the completion of their appointed rounds, What However it isn't drudgery if you like the pressures of endless deadlines. He could re in Hell is Causing the Delay?'" work." tire; live a life doing mostly what he wanted But Henry's check was not being delayed This session did not give Mead any assur to do; live in the comfort of knowing he'd by the mails. Social security omcials had de ances of forth-coming checks. earn a little money for services rendered to cided to make him squirm a little longer. Mead has kept a running account of his the Aitkin Independent Age and Seward "D. Green" of the Lincoln omce, next en "unsocial insecurity" battle in his two papers. County (Neb.) Independent, and receive a tered the former publisher's life and re Almost five months after his initial applica o1.onthly social security check. quested some 90 pages of documents includ tion, he wrote : Henry thought things would happen like ing: "On my first visit to the Lincoln social this. A. A complete description of his newspa secUrity omce last November, I presented a But six months after reaching 65, he has per business; "delayed certificate of birth," issued Jan. 29. come to believe there is nothing "social" B. Locations of all omces and names of 1942, at Des Moines, Iowa, recording that about governmental red tape, and certainly each manager; Henry Mead was born Jan. 19, 1909, at Alli· no "security" in retirement. c. How many employees were working at son, Iowa. Miss Baeder made photo copy of it. "I'm discovering that the transition from each location; "Now, nearly five months later, I am asked payroll to social security roll is not accom D. A copy of the bylaws of each corpo by Mr. Green to 'resubmit this certificate plished without some travail," he said. ration; and copies of documents listed • • • Also, "In my innocence, I had assumed that all E. Names of all corporate omcers and their please send copies of all articles you have I had to do was show up at social security positions; written a.nd printed'." headquarters, bring my certificate of birth F. All stock and value held by each person; Green returned these latest documents, and evidence of the 37 years I have paid into G. Complete personal income tax returns minus the clippings, and soon a!ter Mead got the fund." for last three years; word that his application would be forwarded. He was wrong. H. Complete corporate income tax returns to Kansas City with approval. On his first trip to ss omces in Lincoln, for each corporation for last three years; "I would observe," said Henry, "that the Neb., simple routine procedures were thrown I. Complete detail as to how his services forwarding of my approval to Kansas City to the wind when it was discovered Mead today differ from those last year; must have called for some kind of celebration had incorporated the Aitkin paper. The in J. Complete detail of all services he intends at the Lincoln social security omce. They terviewer told Mead SS is "always suspicious to render starting with January, 1974. List won't have Mead to kick around any morel" when a man sets up a family corporation of each day worked, number of hours per day, He has had two other reassurances that h18 on the eve of retirement." all duties, rates of pay, etc.; application is in the hopper. One came from "What could I say?" said Henry. "I felt K. Copies of all corporate papers (articles Sen. Mondale's staff who had researched the as guilty as lf I had been accused of father of incorporation, board mlnUJtes where application's status and found it being proc ing a child out of wedlock. Rather lamely, I applicable) ; essed in :&ansas City. The other. was from explained that on advice of legal counsel I L. Documentation he feels will explain his the K.C. office itself saying "your benefits had created the corporation so I could trans retirement. are cUITently in suspense . . . we will notify fer stock to my family. In the unconvincing For a while there Henry thought he had you when a decision has been reached.'' manner of a Watergate witness, I could only thwarted D. Green. It was during a trip to "I had a dream the other night," said bravely insist that it seemed like the right Duluth that he decided, because of the con Henry, "dreamed that I had discovered the thing to do at that point. venient access to his business records at explan&tion of the perplexingly slow JM'ogreSS "The interviewer, Miss Baeder, wanted to Aitkin, it might be easier to file his applica of an application through the social security know how much my services are worth to tion at Duluth. labyrinth. my organization-I could only point out The woman at the omce received him cor "They use snails for couriers. that in my 11-year ownership of the paper dially, and asked only to see his articles of "In my particular case," he said, "circum there was one consecutive 18-month period incorporation. She stayed into her lunch hour stances conspired against me. When D. Green when my CPA showed me the books indicat just to complete the papers. Henry thought went to the courter box to select a snail to ing a loss of something like $1000 per month he had it made, and then: carry my file, he quite by chance chose Gas under my management. And certainly, I "I'll send these to the Lincoln office," she ton, an ancient but reliable creature with a would hate to have my services evaluated by said. "They can't go direct to Kansas City high civil service seniority, and a memory a vote of my staff I" because we have to get the file number from like an elephant. Mead went on to explain the reorganiza Lincoln." "When Gaston learned that: it was my file tion that has taken place at the Independ Later his CPA told him to write to Nebraska he was to transport, his antennae quivered ent Age, the realignment of responsib111ties, so the Lincoln people wouldn't accuse him with rage. additions of new staff members. But this held of trying to get two social security checks "Mead?" he asked. 'Henry Mead, 88469-09- no weight. Miss Ba.eder asked him to bring every month. 4392? I remember him. He was the one who in his articles of incorporation, bylaws, and So Henry had no recourse but to assemble ate my uncle Pierre and aunt Heloise in that federal income tax return for the last year. his 93-page document and drive to Lincoln French restaurant in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., a "I wondered lf I should take along some "softly humming under my breath, 'I'm off few years ago. No matter that they were al other credentials I had accumulated over the to see the Wizard, the Wonderful Wizard of realy cooked dead. in the mustard and garl1c years," said Mead, "1 like the cert11lcate I Oz • . .' " he said. sauce, MEAD W8IS the man who ate them! He got when I crossed the Arctic Circle with He and Green argued over to what extent even admitted it 1n an article in the Seward the US Navy, my World War n Good Con Mead's legally permissible 15-hours of paper. Said that they tasted like 4-ply truck duct Army Medal with two clusters, my Past month-ly labor at Aitkin constituted "man tires'!" President's Pin from Nebraska Press Associ agement." sb, six months after his omclal retirement. ation, my airplane pilot's license, and maybe, "He seems to feel that a weekly newspaper and eight months after his initial applica just for good measure, a negative Wasser can be 'managed' by somebody just stopping tion, Henry Mead 1s stlll without soc1al secur man test." in a few hours now and then and, going over ity benefits. But through most of his strug• gle, he's kept his sense of humor. His next encounter was with a Mr. the accumulated crises, disposing of them "rt does seem like one hell of a way to Schwier, "bald, benign, and benevolent," zip-zip I" said Mead. said Henry. "But the running of a business is and treat a senior citizen who at one time held Mr. Schwier eventually signed Henry's ap the high omce of Left Scene Supporter in the must be done by those people who are there Odd Fellow Lodge, though," he complains. plication, and Henry left his omce relieved, on the job, all day, every day, and available but also afraid that more red tape would on call, after-hours 1! need be. eventually strangle his chances of receiving "There are a few 'blg declsions' that are a prompt check. made in building a weekly newspaper . . . THE GENOCIDE CONVENTION AND "Have you ever had to wait, day after day, but there are hundreds of small ones that WORLD PEACE for a letter that never arrives?" asked Mead. have to be made, on the spot, without delay "Have you ever experienced the slow dis Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I ask and without extended consultation." you to recall the effective U.S. leader integration of morale that comes from ex Green suggested that possibly any one pectations unfulfilled? Have you ever fought decision Mead might make could be worth ship at the 1945 San Francisco conven against the stnklng feeling In the pit of your his entire legal social security salary of tion which led directly to a strong en stomach, choking back your tears, when you $2,400. dorsement of the international promo 1lnd no treasury remittance envelope 1n the "Would that it were so," said Henry, "I tion of human rights in the U.N. Charter. 27692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 12, 1974 The U.S. delegation supported the hu Emergency, as the same are hereinafter de major scale, or any other situation of such man rights section in the United Nations fined. National concern as to warrant 1mmedlate Section 2. (a) Time of War is hereby de attention. The important thing about it is Charter because it recognized that un fined as a steate of armed conflict between that it is designed to do away with the power checked domestic oppression often leads the United States and any other foreign of the President to declare a National Emer to foreign aggression, as demonstrated by nation, and shall exist only when declared gency, and then continue to function under the Axis powers. to exist by the Congress as provided in Art such powers for years after the emergency It was 29 years ago that the United icle I, Section 8 of the Constitution of the has passed. It further strengthens the Con States led the worldwide struggle for hu United States. gress by requiring their concurrence that man rights. Although we can be proud (b). Grave National Emergency is hereby such emergency exists. The self-terminating of our leadership at the San Francisco defined as a time of great economic, social or language requires that the subject be pub convention, we must not rest upon our military peril, grossly threatening the peace licly debated on an annual basis so the peo and tranquility of the Citizens of the United ple will be aware that the nation is operating laurels. For 25 years the Senate has re States. A Grave National Emergency sh 11 under an emergency. fused to ratify the Genocide Convention exist when so declared by the President, pro Section 3. This section reccgnizes that accords. I believe that the American peo viding that the Congress concur in such dec there is no economic evil in creating long ple support international standards of laration within 30 calendar days of its being term debt for an asset that has a long term human dignity. We want for all peoples transmitted thereto by the President. Pe value. It does not seem unfair to require a the human rights which we cherish. riods of Grave National Emergency shall ex 1985 taxpayer to help pay for a bu ilding Nevertheless, perennial criticisms are pire at the end of the next full fiscal year built in 1974 if the building is there in 1985, heard of the Genocide Convention. They following such declaration, unless the Presi and the taxpayer is benefi ting from it s use. dent shall again, on or before 60 days prior The amendment is so designed that some ask: What good will accrue from ratifi to the end of such fiscal year, and each fiscal limitation be placed on this type of indebt cation of the accords when our own laws year thereafter, declare such Grave National edness, and the federal taxes collected in the already protect us from the threat of Emergency to continue to exist, and such prior year was used as a criterion. There are, genocide? declaration be concurred in within 30 calen however, other criteria which could be used, Mr. President, my answer to these crit dar days by the Congress. such as the gross national product, assessed ics is this: The United States has as its Section 3. Notwithstanding the foregoing valuation of federal lands, or total federal stated foreig:q. policy objective the pro provisions, the Congress shall be empowered, assets, to name a few. Likewise, the percent motion of peace and freedom. Human from and after the ratification of this amend age figure is left blank because the extent ment, to create public indebtedness for capi of the limitation should be a matt er of public rights, including the right to live in tal improvements or specific works or proj debate and discussion. The import ant thing peace are historically interdependent. ects having a beneficial life over a period of is to express the limitation in terms that When the human rights of any people years, providing that such indebtedness shall will be meaningful fifty years from now, and are threatened, peace itself is in jeop not exceed an amount equal to- percentum not just today, and a percentage of dollars ardy. of the total taxes collected by the United seems wise, because as the value of dollars Thus, I call upon the Senate to assume States Government during the next preced fluctuates, so will the limitation. a position of leadership by ratifying the ing full fiscal year, and providing further Section 4. This section is designed to pro accords forthwith. that any such law authorizing such capital vide for the ultimate retirement of current expenditure shall designate the ways and federal debt. Recognizing that to require means, exclusive of loans, for the payment of payment in full of all its obligations as they the interest and discharge of the principal of now fall due might impose a crushing bur THE IDAHO AMENDMENT such debt or liability within a time com den on us in any given year, the amendment mensurate with the reasonably expected use gives the Congress leeway in the mat-ter, the Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, recently, ful life of such work or project, which period only restriction being that the intere$t on the Democratic candidate for Congress of time shall be set forth in the law author the debt be paid annually, and the entire in Idaho's First Congressional District, izing such project. All laws enacted under debt existing at the time of ratification be J. Ray Cox, proposed an interesting solu this section shall be irrepealable until the retired within one hundred years. That pe tion to the on-going problem of dealing principal and interest set forth therein shall riod of time should also be the subject of de with the mushrooming national debt. be fully paid and discharged. The limitations bate and discussion, and is proposed as an Mr. Cox has proposed a constitutional set forth in this section shall not be exceeded example and not as a hard and fast rule. The unless any such law which would result in debt referred to in this section has no bear amendment--which has been labeled the exceeding such aggregate amount of in ing on the debt as permitted by Section 3, Idaho amendment--to require that the debtedness shall be approved by three as this section refers to the "then existing Federal budget be balanced, except in fourths of the members of Both Houses of debt" (after ratification) and not to capital times of war or grave national emergen Congress. debts as may thereafter be created under cies. Further, the amendment provides Section 4. The Congress shall, at the next Section 3. a framework to pay o:ff the existing na session thereof following the ratification of tional debt over the next 100 years. this amendment, and each year thereafter, appropriate sufficient funds to pay the in THE DEATH OF GOVERNOR The proposal bears close consideration, McKELDIN and I am pleased to call it to the atten terest accrued on the then existing indebted ness of the United States, together with such Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, on Satur tion of my colleagues. principal payments thereon which shall fall I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi due in that year, providing that the Congress day morning former Maryland Gov. dent, that the text of the amendment may, by law, make such further extensions Theodore R. McKeldin died at his home and an analysis of it be printed in the of such principal indebtedness as will en in Baltimore at the age of 73. Governor RECORD. sure its full retirement within a period not McKeldin rose from a very modest fam There being no objection, the amend exceeding one hundred years from the date ily background to become one of Mary ment and analysis were ordered to be of such ratification. land's and the Nation's most prominent printed in the RECORD, as follows: and colorful political figures. THE IDAHO AMENDMENT-SECTION-BY THE IDAHO AMENDMENT--A PROPOSED AMEND Theodore R. McKeldin was a political SECTION ANALYSIS MENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED contemporary of my father, whose first Section 1. STATES This section simply requires the term in the Senate coincided with Gov AMENDMENT NO. XXV.U Congress to make no expenditure or appro priation unless they levy suftlc1ent taxes to ernor McKeldin's service as Maryland's Section 1. Notwithstanding the provisions pay for the appropriation. In simplest terms, chief executive. I have known Governor of Article 8, Section 1 of the Constitution of it says Congress may not spend more than McKeldin throughout my adult life and the United States, no appropriation shall be they take in in any given period. They must his passing is a personal loss to me. I had made, nor any expenditure authorized by balance the federal budget. There are two the good fortune to work in his guberna the Congress, whereby the expenditures of exceptions: Time of War and Grave National torial campaigns in 1950 and 1954 and the United States during any fiscal year Emergency. shall exceed the total tax then provided by he was among the first to offer support Section 2. (a). This section defines Time of when I announced for the U.S. Senate law, and applicable to such appropriation or War. Note that it can only exist only when in 1970. expenditure, unless the Congress making declared by the Congress. This provision such appropriation shall provide for levying would tend to strengthen the Congress and At a time like this one is inclined to a suftlcient tax to pay such appropriation or to re-state the powers already vested in them remember certain incidents that marked expenditure within such fiscal year. This pro by the Constitution. our friendship. On many occasions I vision shall not apply to appropriations or (b). Grave Nattonal Emergency. This term heard Governor McKeldin say that he expenditures made to defend the United is intended to cover such situations as eco had run for mayor of Baltimore 4 States in Time of War or Grave National nomic depressions, drought or flooding on a times-winning twice-that he ran for August 12, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 27693 Governor 4 times-winning twice-for a placed the general's name in nomination at olulu Claire Manzer; a son, Theodore R. Jr., lifetime batting average of .500. He the 1952 Republican National Convention. and a daughter, Mrs. Cla.ire Whitney Sigler, An affable politician who was popular all of Baltimore. would go on to remind his audiences, throughout Maryland except to those of McKeldin's body wlll be in the chapel of with great satisfaction, that baseball fended by his liberalism, McKeldin invited the Church of the Redeemer, 5603 N. Charles great Stan Musial's lifetime batting av every resident of the state to his first inaug St., Baltimore, from 2 p.m. today until the erage was .331. uration as governor in 1951. "You don't need funeral. The funeral service will be in the In 1971, shortly after I came to the an invitation," he said. "Just come." church at 11 a.m. Tuesday. Burial will be in Senate, I was asked to participate in the McKeldin also was one of Maryland's best the Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore. Fourth of July parade in Dundalk, Md. known and most enthusiastic boosters, but Just before the parade began, the parade tonholing national and other state leaders McKELDIN DEAD AT 73: REPUBLICAN WAS GoV• with black-eyed susans, the state flower ERNOR, CITY'S MAYOR marshal assigned the last convertible to which was often in his own lapel. In 1950, he Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin, former gov some other officials leaving the former was elected as Maryland's fourth Republican ernor of Maryland and former mayor of Bal Governor without a car. I invited him to governor by what was then the greatest mar timore, died early yesterday at his home at ride in my convertible and he told me gin-almost 94,000 votes-in a gubernatorial 103 Goodale road. that even though he was 71 years of age election in the state. In subsequent elections, Mr. McKeldin, who was 73, had been re and would never run for public office only Gov. J. Millard Tawes and the incum leased from the Johns Hopkins Hospital again he just wanted to ride in this bent, Marvin Mandel, both Democrats, re about three weeks ago after receiving treat parade and be with the people of Dun ceived greater margins. ments for cancer. He defeated Gov. William Preston Lane Jr. Funeral services wlll be held at 11 a.m. dalk. We had hardly started down the in the first election and the late H. C. (Cur Tuesday at the Episcopal Church of theRe parade route when the crowd responded ley) Bird, a longtime president of the Uni deemer, 5603 North Charles street. with legitimate warmth and enthusiasm versity of Maryland, for his second term in Governor Mandel described him as "a giant for their former chief executive. Theo 1954. of his era" and said that his loss would be dore McKeldin who had a genuine affec McKeldin first tried for the mayorality of felt by "all those who shared his belief in tion for people of all races and all creeds Baltimore in 1939, but lost by 24,000 votes. In decency and in the dignity of the individual." was soon waving vigorously to the people 1942 he tried to oust Gov. Herbert R. O'Con SCHAEFER'S TRmUTE along the way. At every opportunity he or, but lost by 19,000 votes. Mayor Schaefer described him as "a mc.n He again entered the Baltimore election in who scaled the tallest heights, but he never would reach out into the crowd to shake 1943 and defeated Democratic Mayor Howard hands and pat small children on the lost the common touch." Mr. :r.~cKeldin loved W. Jackson by 20,000 votes. people and the city, the Mayor said, "And, head. He again ran for governor in 1946, but was in a way, he belonged to each of us." This genuine love of people was a hall defeated by Lane by more than twice as many Senator Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. (R., mark of Theodore McKeldin, the man, votes as in his first attempt. Md.) said: "Ted McKeldin was a Baltimore the mayor, and the Governor. He served In 1947 he did not seek reelection as mayor, original. His style has been imitated but as mayor from 1943 to 1947 and from but after his two terms as governor he again never duplicated. He had a monopoly on 1963 to 1967. He was Governor of Mary entered city politics. He lost in the 1960 may charisma before we knew what the term land from 1953 to 1959. As an early sup oralty election, but was successful again in was. A steadfast Republican, he had a per his second try for a second term in 1964. sonal appeal that transcended party lines and porter of General Eisenhower in 1952, As governor, McKeldin was energetic, work cut across all class and ethnic barriers. We Governor McKeldin won the right to ing an average of 15 hours every day. At the are richer for having known him. We are give the nominat·ng speech for the man end of his second term he listed as his major poorer now that we have lost him." who was to serve as our 34th President. accomplishments: Representative Paul S. Sarbanes (D., 3d) Throughout his illustrious political Setting up Maryland's most ambitious described Mr. McKeldin as "a leader of ex career, Theodore R. McKeldin always roads program; establishment of the Pau traordinary humanity and decency." He said remained in close touch with the people. tuxent Institution for defective delinquents; Mr. McKeldin's actions were "marked by a Even when he was not serving in public construction of the Baltimore harbor tunnel; deep and uncompromising commitment to repeal of Maryland's 'Jim Crow' law, one the brotherhood of man and to the American office Governor McKeldin devoted his which segregated races on ferries and intra ideals of equality and justice." considerable energy and talents to im state carriers; improvements to state training The ebullient Mr. McKeldin grew up in proving the well-being of the people of schools. . poverty and started work as a $20-a-month Baltimore and Maryland. In the fifties Putting Maryland on a program budget office boy. He made a gift for oratory the he, of course, was one of the first elected basis designed to give lawmakers a better basis of a political career that included two officials to use the influence and power idea of how money will be spent and setting terms as mayor and two terms as governor, up a central payroll bureau; acquisition of jobs which no other Republica·1 has held of his office to promote civil rights for lands for park and recreation purposes and for more than one term. - all of our citizens. He has left a legacy of establishing many roadside picnic areas; His career extended from a term as Balti service and accomplishment for which overhauling the state's unemployment bene more's World War II mayor through the ur we can all be grateful. Mrs. Beall and I fits and workmen's compensation laws; con ban renewal and civil rights years of the have joined with our fellow Marylanders struction of libraries at the University of 1960's. in extending our profound sympathy to Maryland and the state teachers colleges, He presided over the rewriting of the Bal Mrs. McKeldin and the McKeldin family. and construction of new state office buildings timore City Charter and is identified with Mr. President, I ask unanimous con in Baltimore and Annapolis. many of the state's biggest highway and re McKeldin said his practice of letting voters development projects, including the State sent that an article from the August 11, in on his plans and programs applied pres Office Building in Baltimore and the Charles 1974, edition of -the Washington Star sure from the home front and aided the ad Center and Inner Harbor urban renewal News and one that appeared in the Bal minstratlon in getting bllls passed. projects. timore Sun on the same date regarding His success with the dominant Democratic But it was the exuberance of his personal Governor McKeldin be printed in the organization in the state legislature also was style of governing that dominated his ad RECORD. attributed to his appointment of Democrats ministrations. There being no objection, the article to some key jobs in his administration. He carried this exuberance on foot through In 1964, McKeldin, then mayor of Balti was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the black ghettoes of East and West Balti more, endorsed President Johnson for re-elec more in the steaming summer of 1966, when as follows: tion over the Republican candidate, Sen. racial tensions rose after the Congress of Ra THEODORE MCKELDIN DIES; WAS MAYOR, Barry Goldwater. Johnson, he said, believes cial Equality declared Baltimore a "target MARYLAND GOVERNOR "in responsible leadership, responsive not to city" and the National States Rights party Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin, 73, former fanaticism but to the sober thinking of citi held a series of Negro-baiting, se.gregationist Republican gove.rnor of Maryland and mayor zens representative of the best constructive rallles in Patterson Park. of Baltimore, died of bladder cancer yester views within both parties." He campaigned for racial peace as he had day at his home in Baltimore. Also in 1964, a police guard was placed on campaigned eight times for office-shooting His physician, Dr. Horst Schirmer, said McKeldin's house after threats were made on baskets at recreation centers, throwing his McKeldin went into a coma Friday night at his life because of his pro-integration poli arms around black youths to celebrate when his home. He had been resting there since his cies. the ball went through the hoop, alighting release !rom Johns Hopkins Hospital where In 1967, President Johnson offered McKel from his city limousine day after day to he was hospitalized three weeks ago for ra din the mayorship of the District, which he wade into crowds of blacks. He armed him diation treatment. refused. However, the next year Johnson did self with a disarming grin, a pumping hand McKeldin, called Maryland's Mr. RepubU appoint him to the Federal Indian Claims shake and the greeting he gave to all Ne can in the 1950s, was an early backer of Commission. groes: "Hello, my brother." Dwight D. Eisenhower tfor president and McKeldin leaves his wife, the former Hon- His impeccable striped suits and silk neck- 27694 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 12, 1974 ties marked hlm as a. member of the esta.b· all products of the McKeldln administra old-crow wing" of the GOP and had been Ushment, but he was dra.wtng on a reservoir tion. known to refer to himself as a "left-wing of good.wlll built up from countless visits to A GRAND ORATOR Republican." bla.ck churches and black high school gradu Some of the millions of words he uttered After 1958 and a Democratic landslide, Mr. ates. from platforms scattered from Seattle to McKelden often warned that his own party During his first term as governor, long Tel Aviv wiD be remembered, too: would shrink on the political vine unless lt before it was fashionable to promote civil "Here 1s the man to unite our party; here "liberalized itself.'' · rights causes, he had abolished questions is the man to unite our nation ... he is a BEATEN BY GRADY asking the color or rellglon of appUcan.ts tor strong ma.n-the Hercules to sweep the He, himself, was a victim of the Demo state jobs. stench and. stigma from the Augean stable cratic trend in 1959, when he sought to be In the summer of 1966, too, he backed his of the Washington administration." (As he come mayor again, and the man who won showy ghetto tours with tough .action. placed the name of Dwight D. Eisenhower !our times despite h1s Republican label lost When the States Rights party agitators into nomination at the 1962 Republican Na to Democrat J. Harold Grady by a record urged their white listeners to take direct tional Convention.) 81,000 votes. action against nearby blacks, and CORE .. And so my brothers, though the heart Republicans who hated his nonconformity threatened to picket the segregationl&ts' ral may be heavy at the moment of departure, immediately turned against him. He was lies, he denounced the Patterson Park the deep breaths of clear conscience will publicly snul':>bed by being stricken from the speeches as "Name-calling and a disruptive, ease the weight--and soon the burden that invitation list of the State Young Republi un-American tirade." rema.1ns will be dissipated in the excitement cans convention. PRESSURE ON TAVERNS of new contests, and the challenge of new Mr. McKeldin took that snub in stride, He jawboned owners of high-rise apart opportunities to serve my fellow citizens." continuing to fill scores of speaking engage ments where CORE was threatening a Ue-ln (A part of his gubernatorial "swan song" ments in various parts of the country and demonstration, and he steadily mounted speech.) striving to re-establish himself as a prac pressure on tavern owners to serve blacks. "We have to rid our souls of prejudice." ticing lawyer. CORE leaders repeatedly found their (In calling for compliance with the Supreme He had no taste for the role of elder states hottest symbolic issues pre-empted by the Court decision outlawing segregation of races man, and, if truth be known, welcomed that in public schools.) snub as an opportUnity to break 81WaJ from Mayor's own efforts to win co-operation from "I have no anger tonight about the fool the job of leader of a political party. · the white business men who were the civil ish charges ... that have been leveled against Riding through the entire McKeldin life rights leaders' targets. me in these dark, descending hours of the was his yearning for an ev·angelistic pulpit. When September brought rellef from the opposition's star." (On the eve of a suc From the start, he wanted to become a heat and from the tensions, the Mayor pri minister, but early poverty killed that ambi vately ranked the successful campaign for cessful polltical campaign.) SUBTLE CHANGES tion. His later actions reflected that rellgloua racial peace with the sweetest of his political fervor that was never dimmed. victories-his election in 1963 to a second Thousands upon thousands of sentences Mr. McKeldin was born November 20, 1900, term as Mayor. like those rolled off the tongue of Mr. Mc on Stockholm (now Ostend) street. He was Exactly four years before, he had taken Keldln. Those who heard some of them wlll one of 11 children of a stonecutter turned the worst licking ever handed a major candi never forget the accent that gave them a policeman with a propensity for the bottle. date for Mayor. Seemingly, he had reached pure-McKeldin flavor-an accent that One of his earliest and deepest impressions the end of his political road. changed subtly to fit the particular audience. On speaking tours for Republican can came one day in Bennett Memorial Church AG~ST HEAVY ODDS 1'1.8 he watched his father march up to the didates, the accent could start 1n eastern mourner's bench and swear off liquor. But when the time came to choose a Re Pennsylvania resembling the cUpped tones publican candidate for mayor in the next Although he was but 10 at the time, he of Harvard College, return in Baltimore to vowed never to touch the stuff, himself. And, election, his party turned to him as the only the fam111ar approximation of a Scottish member of the GOP who had any chance at despite his stand against prohibition, he burr and become a gentlemanly Southern never allowed a drop to enter his home. all of ending 16 years of Democratic monopoly drawl by the time he reached Virginia. at City Hall. Jealous of his reputation for oratory, Mr. WON DEGREE IN 1925 Mr. McKeldin turned to the late M. William McKeldin called upon some of Maryland's Young McKeldin went directly from gram Adelson, the man who had masterminded best-known scholars and writen for his mar school to a. $20-a-month job as an omce most of his campaigns and who had squeezed speeches. boy in a bank. That same day, he enrolled and wangled his most vital bills and appoint The late Judge Simon E. Sobeloff worked in a night course at Bai.timore City College ments through the Democratic City Council on many, and the late Albert Quinn, who the first ln a long succession of night courses and Legislature. later became a WBAL-TV newscaster, wrote that eventually led-in 1925-to a degree in Mr. Adelson probed the weaknesses created many others, including a famous line de law from the University of Maryland. by the Democrats' pre-election maneuvering nouncing the Truman administration as "the It was during that stint as bank office boy and found a boss here and a machine there pusllla.nimous potentates of the Potomac." (wlth gravedigging at $2.50 a day while on that would quietly accept Mr. McKeldin. Gerald w. Johnson, the Baltimore writer, vacation) that he met Miss Honolulu Claire He ca.m.e through, against heavy odds, in a wrote non-political speeches for him for Manzer, a fellow employee. squeaker. many years. They were married in 1924, while Mr. Mc "I'm going to be a good mayor," he confided. At least as important to him as his writ Keldin wa.S employed by the Fidelity and to a friend after the re·turns were ln. "I ers-and his political savant--was "Mrs. Deposit Company to give pep talks to its have to be ·a good mayor. I owe so much to so Mom," Mildred K. Momberger, a secretary agents throughout the country. They had two many people who have confidence in me. whose work shifted with Mr. McKeldin's children-claire and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. "Anyway, it's a job I love." from public halls to private law offices and Mr. McKeldin got lnto politics in 1927 by As a matter of fact, Mr. McKeldin loved any whose workday was never shorter than his, volunteering his speaking services to the late job he tackled. which often ran as long as 16 hours. "Noth Wllltam F. Broening, the Republican candi He loved life as he loved to talk. ing happens aro_und here without Mrs. Mom date for mayor. BORN IN SOUTH BALTIMORE berger," he often said. He spoke so often and so eloquently that And he talked his way through a life that Untold myriads of Marylanders had shaken they were calling him the "boy orator" and started in the poverty-stricken South Balti the McKeldin campaign hand which was he was becoming nearly as well known as the more policeman's home of many children out-thrust in campaigns from Girdletree, in candidate. and was culminated first by an eight-year lower Worcester county, to Accident in the Mr. Broening was elected and promptly ( 1951-1959) residence in Government House, mountains of Garrett county. named the 27-year-old Mr. McKeldln, who ln Annapolis, then by the soul-satisfying elec Pulpits by the hundred were occupied by just two weeks before had hung out his law tion to a second term as mayor. the deeply religious Mr. McKeldin during his yer's shingle, to be his secretary, or "assist His gift for oratory and the spirit of a long public career. He was a man who could ant mayor." frustrated evangelist helped pave the way be completely sincere in presenting a rosary Mr. McKeldin is still remembered for the for his rise from omce boy, to part-time grave to a Cathollc and a King James New Testa hundreds of speeches he made during the ment to a Protestant before donning a skull four years that followed. He went out of digger, to clerk in a banking house, to cap to enter a synagogue for Rosh Hashana counselor-at law, to secretary to a mayor, office with Mr. Broening 1n 1931, by then services. established as a power within the GOP. to mayor, then governor and an international Pollticians will remember him as the one reputation a.Jtd finally, to chief executive of He made his first run for mayor in 1939, Repui':>Uca.n above all others who was able and was beaten by Howard W. Jackson, the his native city again. to get along with legislatures and a City Mr. McKeldin left an imprint upon Mary Councll under firm control of the Democrats. Democratic incumbent, by 24,000 votes. land and its life that wm endure. Many of his key appointments went to ELECTED MAYOR IN 1943 The harbor tunnel., hundreds of miles of members of the opposite party. In 1942, Mr. McKeldin made the first of roads, the State Office Building in Baltimore, In fact, Mr.l\4cKeldin had more fights with two unsuccessful bids for the govemorship the redbrick walks on the State House Republlcans than he did with the other aide. but made it for mayor the following year by grounds, more than 20 buildings on college He had an abiding distaste for what he was beating Mr. Jackson by 20,251 votes, the e&mpuses-wayS'lde plcnic areas-they were fond of calling "that antediluvian, mossback, biggest majority ever given a. Republican. August 12, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 27695 As a wartime mayor, Mr. McKeldin could> who, like Mr. McKeldin, could relax com or, and it became evident he would seek an do little but keep essential services running pletely when the need arose, could have put elective term. and, in the immediate postwar period and in his 80-hour weeks without end. The Republican leadership, casting about 1ts shortages, help draw plans for a new era. He was a complete extrovert who gave of for someone to oppose Mr. Goodman, held a He also brought down upon himself the himself, let himself go so completely that series of meetings. wrath of the GOP "regulars" by giving some some of those who did not know him wen Each time, the name of Mr. McKeldin of the top municipal jobs to Democrats, and were inclined to label his as somewhat of a would come up. He was too much of a "lib they sought to trip him up in 1946, when clown. Nothing was further from the truth. eral" for some of those leaders. he made his second try for the governorship. He was deadly serious when he got down But the more they talked, the more sup Mr. McKeldin licked the Republican they to business--when, for example, he was port Mr. McKeldin got. put against him in the gubernatorial pri striving against a school lobby that demanded He, himself, let 1t be known he would like mary so badly, though, that he was never that the state use more of its funds for to be mayor again, but made it clear he again the object of an attempted primary teachers' pay, Mr. McKeldin believed firmly would have to have the support of his party. ••purge." that the pay question was prlmarlly the re Finally, the Republican State Central Com The Republlcan lost the general election sponsibllity of the subdivisions. mittee, at a formal meeting, voted over that followed, to William Preston Lane, and He was completely sincere, too, when he whelmingly to ask him to make the run. settled back to serving the one year remain sought desperately for reasons to commute A few days later, Mr. McKeldin filed for ing of his term as mayor. death sentences probably knowing full well the GOP nomination. He brushed aside token Knowing full well that the Democrats, that his long series of commutations would primary opposition, then got down to brass with their 4-to-1 registration bulge over the reflect against him at the polls. But he did tacks against Mr. Goodman. Republicans were united, thus killing off his not believe in capital punishment. Campaigning on his record as governor chance for re-election, he qUietly bowed out LOVED ROUGH-AND-TUMBLE and wartime mayor and raising the cry of of the picture temporarily when his term Although the going was rough at times, no "bossism" at City Hall. Mr. McKeldln was al ended in 1947. ready making headway when his big break In the meantime, Governor Lane, con Maryland governor got more sheer fun from his job than did Mr. McKeldin. He loved came. fronted with tremendous postwar money The Republican candidate for city comp problems, jammed a. sales tax through the meeting people and talking with and to them; the rough-and-tumble of politics. troller resigned less than a month before the General Assembly. balloting. In his stead, Mr. McKeldin per That gave Mr. McKeldin an issue on which He got a big kick out of handing out di plomas, dressing in the McKeldln ktlts for a suaded Hyman A. Pressman, the self-ap to angle for the governorship for a. third pointed watchdog over city affairs who had time. St. Andrew's Society haggis dinner-and pushing for legislation he thought would been narrowly beaten in the Democratic He stumped the state in 1950, promising to primary contest for that party's nomination first cut, then eventually, abolish, the then benefit Maryland. He was an exuberant campaigner, one who for city comptroller, to become the Repub unpopular 2 per cent sales tax-and was lican candidate for the post. elected governor by a landslide 93,000 ma could use bare knuckles when the necessity jority over Mr. Lane, who had bid for a arose. APPEAlS TO VOTERS second term. Mr. McKeldin demonstrated that in 1954, That "fusion ticket" caught the fancy of As governor, Mr. McKeldin found out when he ran for reelection against Dr. H. C. the voters, and Mr. McKeldin and Mr. Press quickly he could not cut the sales tax. In Byrd, former University of Maryland presi man went on to nose out their opponents 1n fact, during the last year in office, the 2 per dent. That was one of the roughest cam the general election. cent levy became a. 3 per cent one, and the paigns in recent state history, but he came Thomas D'Alesandro Sd, the "regular" ·state income tax also was raised 50 per cent. out of it with energy unimpaired, ready to Democrat who was a landslide winner of an In reply to criticism of his 1950 pledge, dig in for another four years. elective term as City CouncU president, was Mr. McKeldin would say simply, "I made a. The amount of legislation he was able to quick to make a working agreement with mistake." get through Democratic legislatures was re markable. And, although more of his vetoes Mr. McKeldin. Perhaps his two most significant accom were overridden than those of any other And the new administration got off to a plishments as governor were an overhaul of Twentieth Century Maryland governor, his harmonious start-at the top, at least state budgetary procedures and the formula despite the fact that Mr. McKeldin was the tion of a. gigantic postwar roads building "must" bllls, in the main, had a way of slid ing through to passage. one Republican 1n a city government 1n and reconstruction program. which all other elective jobs were held by The most significant personal event that SWITCH WITH BEALL Democrats. happened to Mr. McKeldin during his first , Mr. McKeldin was limited to two con Mr. McKeldin proposed the Historic Park term as governor was his early jump on the secutive terms as governor. He wanted to try which is now taking shape in downtown Eisenhower bandwagon and his placing of to switch jobs with Senator J. Glenn Beall, Baltimore. It includes the Carroll-Caton Mr. Eisenhower's name into nomination at a fellow Republican, after 1958. But Senator mansion, the Flag House, Shot Tower, St. the 1952 GOP convention. Beall demurred and ran successfully for re Vincent de Paul Church and other buildings As a. result, he was admitted for the first election. of historic interest. time into national counsels of the Republi So Mr. McKeldin had no place to turn The new City Charter he approved In 1964 can party, and, in fact, narrowly missed be except Baltimore and a try to get his old job had such important provisions as creation of ing tapped as Mr. Eisenhower's running mate of mayor back. an all-embracing Department of Finance, a for vice president in 1952. He figured that an upset win for that post requirement for program budgeting, provi Later his influence within the Eisenhower would enhance his chances for a crack at the sion for a capital improvement program and administration waned, but he nevertheless Republlcan vice presidential nomination in establishment of a Department of Hospitals. continued to nurse a. yen for the vice presi 1960. Although he first came on the national dency. But it was not to be. Instead of Democrat scene with his 1952 nomination of Dwight As governor, his opportunities for public Thomas D'Alesandro, the 1959 incumbent Eisenhower, that was not his last such ap speaking were enhanced immeasurably. He who had become, like himself, an "old face" pearance. would catch a plane at a whipstitch to give in politics, he found himself pitted in the SUPPORTED JOHNSON an Israel Bond Drive speech in Los Angeles, general election against J. Harold Grady, a At the 1964 GOP convention, Mr. McKeldin "new face" with the glamorous background seconded Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller's nomi or a Republican campaign oration in Maine, of a former FBI agent. or a. prodesegrega.tion discourse in Atlanta.. And, in consequence, Mr. McKeldin took nation. But in the election he bolted the A STEADY TRAVELER Republican party for the only time in his the worst licking ever administered a can life to support Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson He went abroad regularly-to Israel, to didate for mayor. against Barry M. Goldwater because of re Germany for University of Maryland Over He took that licking gracefully, as he had marks about immigrants attributed to Rep seas Branch commencements, to Liberia as taken past honors gracefully, and, with his resentative William E. Miller, Mr. Goldwater's guest of that government, to Rome and the interest in practically everything unim running mate. Holy Land for visits to the shrines of Chris paired, went ahead to make his speeches, President Johnson expressed his gratitude tendom. distribute his autographed pictures, add to with various honors and appointments, in He also was a founder of the Baltimore his collection of antiques and gold coins, cluding designation as special ambassador for Junior Chamber of Commerce in 1933 and and butld up his law practice. the Phllippines presidential inauguration in served as its second president a year later. KEPT WELL ALOOF 1965 and as a member of the United States He started what Is now the Santa Claus He kept well aloof from clty and state observer group for the 1967 South Viet Anonymous campaign for Christmas gifts for pol1t1cs during much of that S% -year hiatus. namese elections. poor children. Then the Democrats started maneuvering. President Johnson also named him to the But he never neglected his real job-gov Mr. Grady resigned as mayor in December planning council of the White House con erning his native state. 1962, to become a judge of the Supreme ference "To Fulfill These Rights," and to the Only a man with the energy of the 200- Bench of Baltimore. Indian Claims Commission. pound 6-footer could have carried the bur Philip H. Goodman, president of the City In 1967, Thomas J. D'Alesandro 3d won the den he shouldered for years. And only a man Council, was elevated automatically to may- mayoral election, and frequently sought his 27696 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 12, 1974 predecessor's counsel. In 1971 he appointed At a cost of $150 million we could produce would have cost the State over $50,000. Fur Mr. McKeldin to the city Zoning Board, a thermore, it 1s obvious that the ERTS satel a quarter of a million new units. lite imagery will be the most rapid and effi post he held until his death. Third, pay for this by both cutting the cient means of monitoring, updating, and Mr. McKeldin was one of 11 children, but present budget by a $10 billion plus is survived by one brother, James Raymond maintaining State information on our nat McKeldin, and one sister, Miss Theresa Mc amount-through cuts in defense, for ural resources. Keldin, of Baltimore. eign aid, highways, public works, selec Information is the currency of planning He is also survived by his wife, and by two tive service, space, and other activities and we find too often that lack of infr ~ma children, Mrs. Peter Ziegler, of Upper Marl which produce very few jobs for the dol tion is the main limitation in effectiv& ~Ian boro, and Theodore R. McKeldin, Jr., of Balti ning decisions. Up to now, such inforruution lars spent-and putting back a relatively has not been available in collected, coord1· more, and by four grandchildren, Erick and small proportion in housing. This would nated, and retrievable form by either govern Theodora Ziegler, and Caroline Stuart and have both a stimulating and anti-infla Theodore R. McKeldin 3d. ment agencies or the private sector. tionary effect. Of the two senate bills, I would prefer Because of the present high level of 83484, in that an agency such as the Depart unemployment in housing, the fact that ment of Interior is more likely to lbe ac FALL IN HOUSING STARTS COULD the industry is operating far below its quainted with the domestic data needs than LEAD TO 7 PERCENT UNEMPLOY NASA. I would also like to add that the capacity, and the absence of shortages of proposed State level land use bill will be ad MENT construction products, this can be done ministered by the Department of Interior Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, if without stimulating inflation. Idle men and it would be best to locate the data func• housing starts continue to fall at the and women put to work on idle resources tion within that federal agency that has re is not inflationary. Instead the ensuing sponsib1Uty for land use planning. present calamitous rate, the depression I want to thank you very much for tn .. in housing construction and its second production would increase the supply of housing and hence tend to lower rents, forming me of this very important proposal ary effects could cause the unemploy and I hope that you will keep me informed ment rate to rise to the 7 percent level housing costs, and interest rates. of developments in the future. from this single source. Housing may be one of the keys to solv Sincerely, Expert testimony received by the Hous ing the "stagflation" problem-the prob KENNETH M. CURTIS, ing Subcommittee of the Senate Bank lem of rampaging inflation and excessive Governor of Maine. ing, Housing, and Urban Development unemployment at the same time. Committee last week indicated that hous A NATIONWIDE COMMUNITY ing starts will drop to the 1 to 1.2 million MAINE SUPPORTS ERTS level if the present trend continues. That EDUCATION PROGRAM is 1 million units below last year and Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, I have re Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the pas 1.5 million units below the 1968 Housing ceived a letter from the Governor of sage of the Elementary and Secondary Act goals. Maine, the Honorable Kenneth M. Cur Education Act by the Congress is always The testimony was given by Dr. Mi tis, in which he says about the Earth Re a major task and achievement. This year chael Sumichrast chief economist for the sources Technology Satellite-ERTS: I am particularly pleased that the :final National Association of Home Builders I can assure you that it is in the best in version includes . a provision-section and Dr. Henry Schecter, formerly HUD's terest of the State of Maine, and I am quite 405-which will create for the first time chief housing ana.lyst, Library of Con sure all other states and their local govern ments, to make sure that this valuable source a nationwide, federally supported com gress' senior expert in housing, now with of data is continued. We in Maine through munity education program. the AFL-CIO. our State information system are only be The community education provision, A 1 TO 1.2 MILLION HOUSING STARTS LEVEL ginning to use this data with primary em which was incorporated from my bill to They testified that a drop to the 1 to phasis on land and water use planning and create such a program, provides for the 1.2 million housing starts level would in as our efforts accelerate in this area, we are Commissioner of Education to make crease direct unemployment by 600,000 beginning to see the future potential of this grants to local and State educational jobs and create a 15 percent unemploy great technological development. agencies to develop, maintain and ex ment level in the construction trades. I am happy to see that Maine supports pand community education programs. This itself would raise unemployment to the ERTS program. The funds will be divided 50-50 between a nationwide level of 6 percent. When Mr. President, I ask unanimous con the local and State educational agencies combined with the secondary employ sent that the letter of the Governor of who will compete for the funds by sub ment which would be created in the hous Maine be printed in the RECORD. mitting applications to the Commis ing associated industries-furniture, tex There being no objection, the letter sioner. tiles, durable goods, et cetera-unem was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The bill also provides for specific ployment would rise to 7 percent from as follows: funding to be made to institutions of the effects of the housing and associated OFFICE OF THE GoVERNOR, higher education for the purpose of industries slump. A'l.lgusta, Maine, July 1,1974. training persons to plan and operate This is a chilling prospect but a very Senator FRANK E. Moss, community education programs. Chairman, Committee on Aeronautical and possible one. Therefore, now is the time Space Sciences, U.S. Senate, Washington, Mr. President, I am especially pleased to act. And we can act without adding to D.O. to announce the passage of this legisla infiation or busting the budget. Here is DEAR SENATOR Moss: Thank you very much tion ·as it will help to create all over the why. for your letter of June 24 regarding the fu country what I have witnessed in those One dollar spent on housing in the ture of the first Earth Resources Technology communities which have had community public sector has a tremendous multi Satellite (ERTS) and the two bills now be education programs. The enthusiasm, fore the Senate to assign this function on a plier effect. The ratio is estimated to continuing basis to a federal agency. interest and endeavors which the people be as high as 20 to 1. Therefore small I can assure you that it is in the best in put into their programs to make their amounts spent in the public sector pro terests of the State of Maine, and I am quite schools a viable and exciting focal point duce large private sector gains. I there sure all other states and their local govern within their neighborhoods for persons fore urge the administration to take ments, to make sure that this valuable of all ages is tremendous. School doors some or all of the following actions. source of data is continued. We in Maine are kept open after hours to allow the through our State information system are WHAT CAN BE DONE only beginning to use this da·ta with primary facilities to be utili2 vised that I will bring this matter to the A RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE ADEQUACY OF and analyzed in relation to present water re attention of the proper International au FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR RADIATION DAMAGE source management practices which permit thority with my support of the Resolution. Whereas, it has been brought to the atten man to extract water economically from only Fraternally yours, tion of the ·Board of Commissioners of the about 0.01 per cent of the total global sup SAMUEL C. EVETT, County of Porter, Indiana, that citizens of ply. District Director. this County cannot obtain insurance cover In industrial nations it 1s apparent that age for radiation damage to personal property better utilization of water is a necessity. The and real property, and United States per person demand in the NUCLEAR PROPERTY INSURANCE RESOLUTION Whereas, it is the understanding of the larger cities, for example, is more than 20 The members, in good standing, of the Board that there is limited federal compen times that required by a person living in United Steelworkers of America, Local 6787, sation available to persons sustaining radia some of the under-developed countries. AFL-CIO, at the Burns Harbor Plant of Beth tion damage to private property due to radia Another example: Annual flood losses in lehem Steel Corporation affirm their support tion fallout, and the United States can exceed $1.5 billion a for Nuclear Property Insurance and, further, Whereas, Northern Indiana Public Serv year, and with further land development on request that their International Union and ice Company is contemplating the construc flood plains this cost will continue to rise. the Company officially do likewise by adopt tion of an electric ut1lity installation in On the other hand, many major cities are ing resolutions in the spirit of this and direct Porter County, Indiana, powered by nuclear threatened with short water supplies and them to the President, The Congress, and all energy to provide additional power sources need new sources. other interested parties. needed in this County, now, therefore, ERTS data can help in the management of Whereas, The citizen can not obtain Nu Be it resolved that the Board of Commis these and other problems by observing and clear Property Insurance, and sioners of the County of Porter, Indiana, monitoring large areas on a repetitive basis Whereas, Federal coverage added to pri finds full and complete coverage for radia to provide indices of the volume of water vately pooled Nuclear Liab1lity Insurance tion damage to private property should be available in a particular region. For exam equals $560 Million, and made available to the citizens of Porter ple, satellite observations of surface water Whereas, Property values within a 1 Y:z County, Indiana, at a reasonable rate or, in and snow accumulation, or even possible mile radius of NIPSCO's proposed Ballley the alternative, the Congress of the United location of subsurface water supplies in rela No. 1 Nuclear Facility exceed $2 Billion and States of America should consider the pas tion to urban centers, irrigated areas, and Whereas, Electrical power 1s a necessity, sage of legislation insuring that funds be industrial development, make future plan sustaining the growth of housing, schools, made available to adequately compensate ning more accurate, economical, and co medical fac111ties, and employment, and the citizens of this County in the event of ordinated. Whereas, No person would knowingly any radiation fallout damage. ERTS data are being used for flood con cause our electrical power to become a Passed by Aye vote this 15 day of October. trol, irrigation, and soil moisture identifica scarcity, and 1973. tion; ground water level measurements; lake Whereas, In the extermely remote possi and dam counts; identification of current bility that a nuclear incident develops, it 1s circulation patterns; pollution and sedimen necessary that property interests be com ERTS SATELLITE USED IN MAN tation in estuaries and lakes; ice and snow pletely protected, and AGEMENT OF' WATER RESOURCES coverage; even glacier and iceberg monitor Whereas, Uncompensated loss of Jobs, Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, of all the ing. Property and Industrial capacity (if only for Images of surface characteristics are used a short term) is inconsistent with the orderly many problems facing mankind today, as well as information from small Data Col development of our nation, now, therefore better water resource management must lection Platforms (DCPs), which collect sur Be it resolved that, it is a necessity that certainly be very high on everybody's face data and transmit them to orbiting Nuclear Property Insurance be afforded, at a lists. Although water covers about 70 satellites for retransmission to water re reasonable rate, to all property owners either percent of the earth's surface, we pres sources management agencies, often in less though stock and;or mutual insurance com ently extract economically only about than one hour. DCPs gather information im panies or in the alternative, that the United one one-hundredth of 1 percent---.01 per possible or difllcult to acquire by other States Government pass legislation to fully cent--of the total global supply. It is means. indemnify property so that funds would be More than 100 DCPs are now operating made available to adequately compensate, obvious that we are going to have to do from Icel·and to Hawaii and Northern Canada fully and completely, all property losses in better in the future. to Central America. There will be more later the event of any transportation or non Better management of these crucial to work not only with ERTS-1, but with transportation incident resulting in radia water resources is one of the results Nimbus, the new Synchronous Meteorological tion damage to property. coming out of the remarkable Earth Re Satellite, the later Geo-stationary Operational sources Technology Satellite-ERTS. Environmental Satellites (GOES) to be op ERTS data is helping by observing and erated by the National Oceanic and Atmos A RESOLUTION PERTAINING To INDEMNIFICA monitoring large areas on a repetitive pheric Administration (NOAA), and fol TION TO PRIVATE PROPERTY OWNERS FOR low-on advanced Earth Resources Environ LOSSES SUFFERED THROUGH RADIATION basis to provide indices of the volume of mental Satellites. DAMAGE water available in a particular region. Dr. Vincent V. Salomonson of NASA's Where, Northern Indiana Bank and Trust For example, satellite observations of Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Company is engaged in lending funds for surface water and snow accumulation, or Md., which manages the ERTS project, notes real estate mortgages for business, indus even possible location of subsurface in a recent paper on advances in water re trial and residential properties, and: water supplies in relation to urban cen source monitoring from space, that as more Whereas, the citizens of Indiana, cannot ters, irrigated areas, and industrial de sophisticated spacecraft are phased into use obtain insurance coverage for radiation dam velopment, make future planning more by hydrologists, the jobs of processing, ana age to personal and real property, and: lyzing, and getting the data to the user on a accurate, economical, and coordinated. timely basis wm have to keep pace with Whereas, it is the understanding of the ERTS data are being used for flood satellite development. bank that there is limited Federal compensa control, irrigation, and soil moisture Dr. Salomonson and other scientists of tion available to persons sustaining radia identification; ground water level meas NASA and other government agencies, such tion damage to private property due to radia urements; lake and dam counts; identi as the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the tion fallout, and: fication of current circulation patterns; Department of Interior, lists many examples Whereas, nuclear power installations by pollution and sedimentation in estuaries of advances in water resource monitoring public utilities have been constructed, are by satellite. They include: under construction, or are contemplated and lakes; ice and snow coverage; even Liquid water appearing in the form of within a radius of the community served by glacier and iceberg monitoring. clouds was one of the first characteristics the bank which, if such fallout would occur, Mr. President, NASA has just issued a measured by meteorological satellites. Rain would affect our mortgagors, now, therefore, statement on this matter and I ask fall is now measured over remote ocean areas Be it resolved, that the Board of Directors unanimous consent that it be printed in with instrumentation on the newer Nimbus of Northern Indiana Bank, finds· full and the RECORD. satellites. Even water vapor in cloud free complete coverage for radiation damage to There being no objection, the state areas can be measured to provide better in private property should be made available ment was ordered to be printed in the formation on relative humidity distribution and the global water balance. to mortgagors, at a reasonable rate, or in the RECORD, as follows: Synchronous satellites can observe. the alternative, the Congress of the United States ERTS SATELLITE USED IN MANAGEMENT OF severe storms which provide heavy precipi of America should consider the passage of WATER RESOURCES tation that is the basic input to water-shed legislation insuring that funds be made avail NASA's Earth Resources Technology Satel systems resulting in runoff and occasionally able to adequately compensate the citizens lite (ERTS-1) is rapidly becoming an im hazardous or damaging floods. They can in the event of any radiation damage. portant tool for hydrologists as more and provide better understanding of convective Resolution adopted December 11, 1973. more data are returned from the spacecraft clouds, usually associated with thunder- 27700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 12, 1974 storms or tornadoes, and sign11lcant cloudtop tained in glaciers and icecaps) for purposes Sixth. Discontinuing the supply of features such as bubbles, often seen on top of identification, location, and movement. By arms to the so-called guerrilla move of the typical anvil clouds associated with studying glacier moraines (areas of trapped ments and desisting from other forms of severe storms or tornadoes. Even cloud top dirt and debris) and the movement of snow subversion, Mr. President, I see no such temperatures as well as vertical tempera lines o~ glaciers, it is possible to infer the ture measurements down to the surface are mass balance of these chunks of ice left political overtures coming from the obtained from satellites circling the globe over from the time they covered vast por Soviet Union. 1n polar orbits. This information is especially tions of the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Indeed, detente to date has been a lop useful in severe weather forecasts. Surging glaciers (those that may move sided affair. In every deal we have made The first high-resolution, synoptic look at abruptly several kilometers) can be distin with the Soviets the United States has an entire flood area, the Mississippi River guished from non-surging glaciers. Surging come out second best. Basin during the 1973 floods, came from glaciers may advance over large areas, caus ERTS-1. It provided imagery for measuring ing devastating floods by blocking and sud In short, the detente we are all hearing flooded acreage and evaluating flood control denly releasing large quantities of melt-wa about, as Mr. RobertS. Allen observes in structures as well as much other useful data. ter. An 1800-meter (1980-yard) surge was his analysis of the Senate Armed Serv Drainage patterns and snow-covered areas observed by ERTS in 1972 in Alaska. In 1973 ices' Committee report is "in reality very are easily seen on imagery from ERTS, evidence was seen of another surge that different from what it is glowingly touted Nimbus, and the NOAA satellites. The change damaged off a river in Soviet Asia, forming to be." with time in the amount of snow-covered a lake of some 20 mtllion cubic feet of water Mr. President, I recommend "Detente: area and the elevation and location of snow before bursting the lee dam. An Evaluation" to my colleagues, and I lines can be accurately observed. Snowline Knowledge of location and movement of altitudes in western mountains can be lo sea lee and icebergs is of considerable in ask unanimous consent to have printed cated to within 60 meters (180 feet) using terest to the nation's shipping Industry. in the RECORD Mr. Allen's excellent com ERTS imagery. Because a large portion of ERTS has demonstrated that it can be used mentary. water in the West comes !rom snowmelt, its to identify lee types, distribution, and move There being no objection, the material accurate prediction is very important in ment and to provide information on rate was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, water management and in resulting monetary and location of ice break-up. as follows: benefits. SENATE ARMS CONTROL REPORT DETAn.S SOVIET Infrared observations are being used to VERSION OF "DETENTE" . monitor repetitively the number and area DETENTE: AN EVALUATION covered by thousands of small and shallow (By Robert s. Allen) lakes in the Southwest, a task that was Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi WASHINGTON, July 4.-The "detente" you impractical before the launch of ERTS-1. dent, in a recent column in The Farm are hearing so much about is in reality very The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers uses vllle Herald, Mr. RobertS. Allen offers a different from what it's glowingly touted to ERTS data for locating, identifying by size very pertinent discussion on the Senate be. and shape, and counting bodies of water as Far from the "peaceful co-existence" being small as approximately two hectares (six Committee on Armed Services published sonorously claimed, it is actually a one-way acres). The spacecraft is also used to help report, "Detente: An Evaluation." street that is paying off richly for Russia locate sites for dams on major rivers. The committee's report was prepared at grievous cost to the U.S. in particular, USGS scientists have found it is possible by a group of eminent scholars in Soviet and the West as a whole. to infer the presence of ground water sup studies and international affairs includ On its record, detente is a sinister snare plies beneath the surface from ERTS ing Robert Conquest, Brian Cozier, John and delusion for the U.S. observed geologic features, and there are Erickson, Joseph Godson, Gregory That's the grave judgement a group of some indications that son moisture content specialists in Soviet and international affairs to significant depths below the surface can Grossman, Leopold Labedz, Bernard spell out in comprehensive detall in a special be obtained using satellite electromagnetic Lewis, Richard Cipes, Leonard Schapine, report of the Senate Arms Control subcom radiation sensors which interact directly with Edward Shils, and P. J. Vatikiotis. mittee, which has supervisory jurisdiction water. Also, faults or linear features may I found this report to be both timely over SALT negotiations and agreements. reflect such subsurface structures as lime and incisive. The United States cannot Warningly concludes the study: stone deposits, where ground water may afford to accept a detente which leaves "It is not surprising that the Western exit. An example is the successful drilling public fed for years on the optimistic fare open the way for global domination by of detente is puzzled and bewildered ... A of a shallow water well near Flagstaff, Ariz., As located on the basis of information obtained the Soviet Union. the report points genuine d~tente, is of course, most desirable, from ERTS-1. Other wells are expected to out: but in its present form detente has proved to be drllled in the same area by the City of No one wishes a recurrence of m111tary be an effective instrument in weakening the Flagstaff. confrontation. . . . However, d~tente cannot West, as it has hidden from the West the Circulation and sedimentation patterns be based on 111 usions. political and mmtary realities of the situa observed by ERTS are being used by the tion and lowered the threshold of risks for It is, therefore, essential that the State o~ Delaware to develop a deployment the Soviets. strategy for o11-sp111 control equipment and United States never forget that while the "It has made possible the presentation in by the State of California to estimate the tactics and strategy of the Soviets may the West of political failures as successes for amount of sand transported along the coast. change, their goal remains constant. peace; of businessmen's fantasies about New water bodies such as Lake Anna Res That goal is the worldwide domination profits as rational enterprises in the interest ervoir in Virginia, and coastline changes of the Communist system. of the state; of Western mllltary decllne as in the U.S. or other countries can be spotted If, however, the Soviets are sincere an achievement leading towards strategic immediately by ERTS and up-to-date photo stabllity. It is time for the West to recover its maps produced. about detente, if they desire a relation sense of reality if Western civilization is to Turbidity variations caused by suspended ship of reciprocity and with mutual survive." sediments, organic pollutants, or algae mate benefits for both sides, there are many The blunt-talking experts include Robert rial, which cause relative differences in the steps that they can undertake to show a Conquest, Brian Crozier, John Erickson, color or reflectance of the water, can be serious intent. Richard Pipes, Edward Shlls and P. J. Vatl observed in ERTS pictures. As the Senate Armed Services Com kiotis. Water volume measurements are being mittee report points out, an evolution of Members of the Arms Control subcommit made by the USGS and Corps of Engineers tee are among the most senior and influ in Florida combining ERTS imagery and Soviet policy toward a meaningful de ential in the Senate. They are Sens. Henry DCP information to calculate not only how tente would be illustrated if the Soviets Jackson (D.-Wash.), chairman; John Stennis much water is present in previously unmeas undertook the following steps: (D.-Miss.), chairman of the Armed Services urable places such as swampy regions, but First. Abandoning the "ide~logical Committee; Harry Byrd (Ind.-Va.); Barry also to assist 1n deciding whether to release war" against the West. Goldwater (R.-Ariz.); Robert Taft (R.-Ohio): water from one storage area to another. Second. Decelerating the arms build Wllllam Scott (R.-Va.). Wetlands can be accurately monitored and up. WHAT KREMLIN'S UP TO mapped for inland states such as Wisconsin; land-water interface, upper wetland bound Third. Giving up the idea of military The report charges flatly that Russia, its superiority 1n the SALT II negotiations. Communist ideology and imperialist aims as aries, and gross vegetation can be detln.ed unchanged as when originally laid down by in coastal regions; and even information on Fourth. Providing a proof of a serious approach to detente at the talks on Lenin, is craftily and deliberately using de drainage patterns, ditching activities, and tente as a "strategic alternative" to accom lagooning for waterside homes can be ob European security by liberalizing the plish the following: served 1n detail. movement of peoples and the flow of ( 1) Undermine and cripple the Western Glacier ice has been monitored by the ideas. (NATO) al11ance by "making it appear to be USGS from spacecraft pictures (nearly 80 Fifth. Stopping the sabotage of the unnecessary, indeed dangerous, to peace." per cent of the world's fresh water is con- peace efforts in the Middle East. (2) Ellminate the U.S. presence in Eu- August 12, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 27701 rope, and materially "reduce the extent and Tersely points out the report, "Kremlin imous consent that the order for the pace of the American defense effort." spokesmen have said repeatedly 'peaceful co quorum call be rescinded. {3) Obtain from the west large-scale fi existence' implies the intensification of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nancial assistance that will directly "enhance struggle between the world systems. The in objection. it is so ordered. Soviet military power by making easier the tensitl.cation of that fateful struggle implies, continuous buildup of the military sector of above all, more subversion in all its forms." the Soviet economy." In other words, it is Russia's tl.rm conten SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING {4) Legitimize Russian domination over tion that it is entirely all right for Moscow to lie about the West, but an outrage and DEMONSTRATION ACT OF 1974- Eastern Europe "by making it appear his CONFERENCE REPORT torically irreversible." provocation for the West to tell the truth about the Soviets. Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, I submit a Declare the experts: That's the Kremlin's basic concept of what "In Soviet terminology, detente or 'peace constitutes the "free flow of ideas." report of the committee of conference ful coeXistence' denotes a strategic alterna on H.R. 11864, and ask for its immediate tive to overtly militant antagonism against consideration. the so-called 'capitalist countries.' It does not The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. imply the abandonment of confUct with the CONCLUSION OF MORNING HELMs) . The report will be stated by Western countries. Head-on conillct yields to BUSINESS indirect methods of combat: In Soviet prac title. tice that means subversion, propaganda, po The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem The second legislative clerk read as litical blackmail and intelllgence operations. pore. The time for morning business has follows: "Authoritative writings in Russia make it expired. The committee of conference on the dis quite clear that the ultimate result of the agreeing votes of the two Houses on the carefully pursued policy of detente could be amendments of the Senate to the blll {H.R. a decisive shift of the world balance of power CONSUMER PROTECTION-AGENCY 11864), to provide for the early commercial in favor of Russia and its satelllte bloc. This FOR CONSUMER ADVOCACY demonstration of the technology of solar shift will permit the Soviet Union to attain heating by the National Aeronautics and further expansion without recourse to gen Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what Space Administration and the Department eral war, largely by use of internal subversion is the unfinished business? of Housing and Urban Development, in co and external intimidation." The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem operation with the National Bureau of Stand THE PROOF pore. S. 707. ards, the National Science Foundation, the The report's scathing conclusions are com Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask General Services Administration, and other prehensively supported by voluminous de Federal agencies, and for the early develop unanimous consent that the Senate pro ment and commercial demonstration of tech tails. ceed to the consideration of S. 707, that Tilustrative are the following summaries: nology for combined solar heating and cool Military detente: Even in simple numeri it be laid before the Senate and made the ing, having met, after full and free confer· cal terms, detente has resulted in the expan pending business at this time. ence, have agreed to recommend and do sion of Russia's strategic offensive and de The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem recommend to their respective Houses this fensive sy.stems both. There is no sector of pore. The bill will be stated by title. report, signed by all the conferees. Russian m111tary policy where there has not The second assistant legislative clerk The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there been expansion, diversification and modern read as follows: objection to the consideration of the con ization. For the Soviets, detente has not meant the acceptance of mllltary balance but s. 707. To establish a Council of Con ference report? an opportunity to seize unchallengeable sumer Advisers in the Executive O:tnce of There being no objection, the Senate the President, to establish an independent proceeded to consider the report. superiority. Consumer Protection Agency, and to au As a consequence, the vital European thorize a program of grants, in order to pro HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, August 12, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. a more abundant life with liberty and and our people be truehearted and The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, justice for all. wholehearted in our devotion to our D.D., offered the following prayer: Bless our President with wisdom, country and harboring no ill will but courage, and faith that he may lead us filled with good will walk the path of Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; in the paths of peace along the way to a truth until the end of life's day. and lean not unto thine own under happy harmony at home and to a deeper In the spirit of Him who is the way standing.-Proverbs 3: 5. spirit of unity among our people. we pray. Amen. 0 God, our Father, in this high hour Bless him who resigned as President of our national life help us to match our that he may face the future with faith greatness with goodness and our democ and that he who did so much for peace THE JOURNAL racy with a devotion to moral ideals that in our world may find it in his own heart. The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex we may continue our upward way toward Sustained by Thy presence may we amined the Journal of the last day's pro-