DOCSLIB.ORG

Immunization Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Immunization Newsletter Immunization Newsletter Volume XXXIV Number 5 Immunize and Protect Your Family October 2012 XX TAG Meeting Paving the Way for Immunization Bolivian Uru Chipaya Community Receives PAHO The XX Meeting of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Vaccine- Immunization Award preventable Diseases of the Pan American Health Organization The Uru Chipaya Ethnic Group of the Oruro (PAHO) was held from 17-19 October 2012 in Washington, D.C. Department of Bolivia received the 2011 Pan The twentieth TAG Meeting addressed several topics including polio vaccines; use of thiom- American Health Organization (PAHO) Im- ersal in vaccines; age restriction on rotavirus vaccine administration; Decade of Vaccines; evi- munization Award for their activities to keep dence on pertussis; proposal for standardizing PAHO’s TAG procedures; PAHO’s Revolving immunization coverage close to 100% in Fund in the current global vaccine market; improving regional vaccine production capacity their area. The group was presented with a to meet the needs of the Americas; measles, rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) certificate of recognition, as well as a mon- elimination in the Region of the Americas; Haiti’s immunization program; and cholera vaccina- etary gift in the amount of three thousand US tion in the Americas. dollars at the twentieth Meeting of PAHO’s Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Vac- The slogan for the meeting, “Paving the Way for Immunization,” reflected the Region’s leader- cine-preventable Diseases. PAHO created the ship in immunization in the global context. The purpose of the meeting was to draft TAG recom- Immunization Award to recognize outstand- mendations on how to address current and future challenges facing immunization programs in ing contributions to a national immunization the Americas. The following is a summary of TAG’s technical deliberation and recommenda- program and to the control and/or elimination tions as presented in the final report. of vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite extreme poverty conditions, mar- ginalization and inequity, the Uru Chipaya Ethnic Group of Bolivia made extraordinary contributions in the control and elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases. In the last 15 years, the municipality reached more than 95% vaccination coverage, even reaching 100% coverage in some years. Since 2000, the community no longer has confirmed cases of measles, rubella or neonatal tetanus, in ad- dition to other vaccine preventable diseases, such as polio and diphtheria, which have not occurred in 24 years. Their achievements were made possible by making immunization and health promo- tion a top priority. In 2001, the community put nearly 60% of its financial resources into health, education and basic hygiene. The group established and maintained a strong alliance with the community, indigenous au- thorities and health personnel. Other activi- Members of the Uru Chipaya Ethnic Group of the Oururu Department of Bolivia receiving the 2011 PAHO Immunization Award ties to increase success in health included the In This Issue development and use of creative tactics to 1 XX TAG Meeting -Paving the Way for Immunization 5 Cholera Vaccination in the Americas prevent morbidity and mortality in the com- 1 Bolivian Uru Chipaya Community Receives PAHO 6 Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines Continue to be Safe munity; ensuring vaccination completion for Immunization Award 7 The PAHO Revolving Fund and the Current Global Vaccine teenagers, senior citizens and migrant groups; 2 Polio Vaccines Market 3 Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule 8 Improving Regional Vaccine Production Capacity to Meet increasing vaccination hours; and promoting 3 Measles, Rubella and CRS Elimination the Needs of the Americas health in schools. 3 Evidence on Pertussis 8 WANTED: Trinidad and Tobago’s East Leo Club 1982 4 Decade of Vaccines: From Planning to Action 2 Immunization Newsletter Volume XXXIV Number 5 October 2012 Pan American Health Organization Polio Vaccines At its most recent meeting held in Geneva on the development, scientific vetting, and rapid age conditions recommended during TAG’s 10-12 April, the Strategic Advisory Group finalization of a comprehensive polio eradi- previous meeting (Argentina 2011). If a of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization recom- cation “endgame” strategy, and inform Mem- country does not meet these basic conditions, mended that, the World Health Organization ber States of the potential timing of a switch it should conduct at least two annual vacci- (WHO) should promote switching from the from trivalent to bivalent oral poliovirus vac- nation campaigns, administering the tOPV 2 to every child aged <5 years, without taking trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) to the bi- cine for all routine immunization programs . into account their previous vaccination sta- valent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) for routine PAHO’s TAG discussed the implications of tus. Countries making plans to introduce the vaccination. This change should take place a potential change in vaccination recommen- IPV should be able to guarantee its long-term in a synchronized manner in order to mini- dations, noting that the Region of the Ameri- supply, in addition to considering the price of mize the risk of cVDPV2 circulation and out- cas managed to eliminate wild poliovirus in the vaccine. breaks, as well as to accelerate the elimina- 1991; and since then has remained free of • Countries should reinforce surveillance of tion of type 1 and type 3 wild viruses, since polio without outbreaks due to importation, AFP, attain adequate levels in all basic sur- the bivalent vaccine provides better protec- using the tOPV vaccine. veillance indicators, and continue working tion against those virus types than the triva- to achieve ≥95% polio coverage in every 1 Recommendations: lent vaccine . municipality. • TAG awaits the World Health Organiza- During its 65th meeting in May 2012, the • As IPV will be considered for use in the po- tion’s comprehensive polio eradication and World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted lio endgame requested by the WHA, it will endgame strategy, as well as results from Resolution WHA65.5, which states that be important for WHO to maintain a fluid ongoing and planned research to revisit dialogue with vaccine manufacturers to en- “substantial planning is required for a glob- its recommendations for the Region of the sure an adequate IPV supply at an afford- ally synchronized switch from trivalent to bi- Americas. At the present time, the trivalent able price for countries of all income levels, valent oral poliovirus vaccine for routine im- oral poliomyelitis vaccine (tOPV) remains as this will be a factor in the rapid adoption munization and, potentially, the introduction the vaccine of choice for the Americas. of the vaccine. beforehand of one or more doses of inacti- To this end, PAHO, in collaboration with • PAHO is in an advantageous position to vated poliovirus vaccine. In 2012, the SAGE WHO, should negotiate with providers to work with the GPEI, in the development will provide recommendations on the actual ensure sufficient supply of tOPV for coun- of the endgame strategy and for the syn- implementation of this strategy based on tries of the Americas. chronized cessation of vaccines containing broad-based consultations across a number of • Countries considering the introduction of the poliovirus type 2, and supporting cost-ef- work streams.” In the Resolution, the WHA inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) should first fectiveness studies for different scenarios. asks WHO’s Director-General to undertake fulfill the sanitation and vaccination cover- Additionally, the World Immunization Week 1 Available at: http://www.who.int/wer/2012/ 2 Available at: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/ could be used as an effective platform for wer8721.pdf WHA65/A65_R5-en.pdf globally coordinated actions. Polio3 coverage in children under 1 year of age and Polio cases in the Americas, 1975- 2011 1979 to 2011: ~1550 million OPV doses acquired throughout the RF 7000 100 90 6000 80 s 5000 C e 70 o s v a e c r f 60 a o g 4000 r Cases Coverage e e ( b 50 % m ) u 3000 N 40 2000 30 20 1000 10 0 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 Sabin-derived outbreak in DOR and HAI Source: country reports Immunization Newsletter Volume XXXIV Number 5 October 2012 Pan American Health Organization 3 Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule Currently, the vaccination schedules used in from the benefits of rotavirus vaccines could immunization of children at greater risk of Latin America and the Caribbean follow the be immunized, and it is likely that these in- morbidity and mortality due to rotavirus di- most recent WHO position paper, which rec- clude some of the children most vulnerable arrhea. However, in areas of difficult access ommends administering the first dose of the to this serious disease. Thousands of deaths and /or high diarrheal mortality, vaccine can vaccine between 6 and 15 weeks of age and could be averted, with just a minimal increase be administered later, at any time of immu- the last dose no later than 32 weeks of age (2nd in cases of intestinal intussusception. SAGE nization contact and before 1 year of age. dose for the monovalent rotavirus vaccine and also stated that based on the age distribution • TAG encourages countries that have not 3rd dose of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine)1. of rotavirus disease, vaccinating children over introduced rotavirus vaccine to reassess More importantly, risk/benefit analysis con- 24 months of age would have few beneficial the burden of disease in order to consider tinues to favor early immunization, but cur- effects. the introduction of rotavirus immuniza- rent age-related restrictions on administration tion. This in light of the current evidence Recommendations: demonstrating the huge impact of rotavirus of the first dose (<15 weeks) and the last dose • In the Region of the Americas, countries (<32 weeks) prevent vaccinating many vulner- vaccine administered in the current sched- should continue making efforts to admin- ule in reducing the morbidity and mortality able children.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vaccines for Preteens
    | DISEASES and the VACCINES THAT PREVENT THEM | INFORMATION FOR PARENTS Vaccines for Preteens: What Parents Should Know Last updated JANUARY 2017 Why does my child need vaccines now? to get vaccinated. The best time to get the flu vaccine is as soon as it’s available in your community, ideally by October. Vaccines aren’t just for babies. Some of the vaccines that While it’s best to be vaccinated before flu begins causing babies get can wear off as kids get older. And as kids grow up illness in your community, flu vaccination can be beneficial as they may come in contact with different diseases than when long as flu viruses are circulating, even in January or later. they were babies. There are vaccines that can help protect your preteen or teen from these other illnesses. When should my child be vaccinated? What vaccines does my child need? A good time to get these vaccines is during a yearly health Tdap Vaccine checkup. Your preteen or teen can also get these vaccines at This vaccine helps protect against three serious diseases: a physical exam required for sports, school, or camp. It’s a tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). good idea to ask the doctor or nurse every year if there are any Preteens should get Tdap at age 11 or 12. If your teen didn’t vaccines that your child may need. get a Tdap shot as a preteen, ask their doctor or nurse about getting the shot now. What else should I know about these vaccines? These vaccines have all been studied very carefully and are Meningococcal Vaccine safe.
    [Show full text]
  • And Gardasil
    Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV) Food and Drug Administration Update March 4, 2021 CDR Valerie Marshall, MPH, PMP, GWCPM Immediate Office of the Director Office of Vaccines Research and Review (OVRR) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1 Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines . An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) is a mechanism to facilitate the availability and use of medical countermeasures, including vaccines, during public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Under an EUA, the FDA may allow the use of unapproved medical products to prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions when certain statutory criteria have been met, including that there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives. Taking into consideration input from the FDA, manufacturers decide whether and when to submit an EUA request to FDA. Once submitted, FDA will evaluate an EUA request and determine whether the relevant statutory criteria are met, and review the scientific evidence about the vaccine that is available to FDA. 2 Requirements for the EUA . FDA evaluated nonclinical, clinical, and manufacturing data submitted by a vaccine manufacturer. For an EUA to be issued for a vaccine: . Adequate manufacturing information ensures quality and consistency . Vaccine benefits outweigh its risk based on data from at least one well-designed Phase 3 clinical study that in a compelling manner demonstrates: . Safety . Efficacy 3 Continued monitoring of COVID-19 Vaccines Authorized by FDA . USG Systems: . Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) . Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), . Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative . Medicare Claims Data 4 EUA of COVID-19 Vaccines • On December 11, 2020, the FDA issued the first emergency use authorization (EUA) for Pfizer’s COVID-19 Vaccine.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Note the Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines for International Workers and Travelers to and from Cholera-Affected Countries November 2016
    Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) Oral Cholera Vaccine Working Group Technical Note The Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines for International Workers and Travelers to and from Cholera-Affected Countries November 2016 Background Three Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs) are currently pre-qualified by WHO: Dukoral® – a vaccine used mainly by travelers that includes killed whole cells and a component of the cholera toxin – and Shanchol™ and Euvichol®, which contain only killed whole cells. All three vaccines have a two-dose regimen with an interval between doses of two weeks or more (three doses for Dukoral® in children aged 2–5 years). All also have a good safety profile. Shanchol™ and Euvichol® are have the same formulation and comparable safety and immunogenicity profiles and are reformulated versions of Dukoral®.1,2 Unlike Dukoral®, Shanchol™ and Euvichol® do not require a buffer to administer. Shanchol™ has demonstrated longer term protection – a rather stable 65 – 67% from Year 2 to Year 5,3,4,5 as compared to Dukoral®.6 Concerning short-term protection – of most relevance to travelers – Dukoral® has been shown to provide 79-86% for three to six months in a series of studies,4,7,8,9 while the single published study of the short-term effectiveness of Shanchol™ found a similar rate (87%) over six months.10 Dukoral® has been shown to also confer significant short-term protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).11 Purpose of the Technical Note Concern has been raised in the past several years about the risk of international workers and other travelers getting cholera while in an endemic country or a country affected by an outbreak.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Choice Questions on Immunisation Against Infectious Disease
    Multiple choice questions on immunisation against infectious disease The Green Book Original version issued February 2008 Updated version January 2020 Multiple choice questions on immunisation against infectious disease About Public Health England Public Health England exists to protect and improve the nation’s health and wellbeing and reduce health inequalities. We do this through world-leading science, research, knowledge and intelligence, advocacy, partnerships and the delivery of specialist public health services. We are an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care, and a distinct delivery organisation with operational autonomy. We provide government, local government, the NHS, Parliament, industry and the public with evidence-based professional, scientific and delivery expertise and support. Public Health England Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG Tel: 020 7654 8000 www.gov.uk/phe Twitter: @PHE_uk Facebook: www.facebook.com/PublicHealthEngland Prepared by Drs Amelia Cummins, David Irwin, Sally Millership and Sultan Salimee, Consultants in Communicable Disease Control For queries relating to this document, please contact: Health Protection Team, Second Floor, Goodman House, Station Approach, Harlow, Essex CM20 2ET, Tel: 0300 303 8537, Fax: 0300 303 8541 [email protected] © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0. To view this licence, visit OGL. Where we have identified
    [Show full text]
  • Optimizing Vaccine Allocation for COVID-19 Vaccines Shows The
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23761-1 OPEN Optimizing vaccine allocation for COVID-19 vaccines shows the potential role of single-dose vaccination ✉ Laura Matrajt 1 , Julia Eaton 2, Tiffany Leung 1, Dobromir Dimitrov1,3, Joshua T. Schiffer1,4,5, David A. Swan1 & Holly Janes1 1234567890():,; Most COVID-19 vaccines require two doses, however with limited vaccine supply, policy- makers are considering single-dose vaccination as an alternative strategy. Using a mathe- matical model combined with optimization algorithms, we determined optimal allocation strategies with one and two doses of vaccine under various degrees of viral transmission. Under low transmission, we show that the optimal allocation of vaccine vitally depends on the single-dose efficacy. With high single-dose efficacy, single-dose vaccination is optimal, preventing up to 22% more deaths than a strategy prioritizing two-dose vaccination for older adults. With low or moderate single-dose efficacy, mixed vaccination campaigns with com- plete coverage of older adults are optimal. However, with modest or high transmission, vaccinating older adults first with two doses is best, preventing up to 41% more deaths than a single-dose vaccination given across all adult populations. Our work suggests that it is imperative to determine the efficacy and durability of single-dose vaccines, as mixed or single-dose vaccination campaigns may have the potential to contain the pandemic much more quickly. 1 Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. 2 School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA. 3 Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for Increasing Uptake of Vaccination in Pregnancy in High
    Vaccine 36 (2018) 2751–2759 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Review Strategies for increasing uptake of vaccination in pregnancy in high-income countries: A systematic review ⇑ Kate Alexandra Bisset a,b, Pauline Paterson a, a The Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom b Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, South Wharf Road, St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Introduction: Vaccination in pregnancy is an effective method to protect against disease for the pregnant Received 29 November 2017 woman, foetus and new born infant. In England, it is recommended that pregnant women are vaccinated Received in revised form 22 March 2018 against pertussis and influenza. Improvement in the uptake of both pertussis and influenza vaccination Accepted 4 April 2018 among pregnant women is needed to prevent morbidity and mortality for both the pregnant women Available online 13 April 2018 and unborn child. Aim: To identify effective strategies in increasing the uptake of vaccination in pregnancy in high-income Keywords: countries and to make recommendations for England. Pertussis vaccine Methods: A systematic review of peer reviewed literature was conducted using a keyword search strategy Influenza vaccine Pregnancy applied across six databases (Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science). Articles Vaccine hesitancy were screened against an inclusion and exclusion criteria and papers included within the review were Maternal vaccination quality assessed. Strategies Results and conclusions: Twenty-two articles were included in the review. The majority of the papers included were conducted in the USA and looked at strategies to increase influenza vaccination in preg- nancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Advice on Priority Groups for COVID-19 Vaccination
    Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation: advice on priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination 30 December 2020 Introduction This advice is provided to facilitate the development of policy on COVID- 19 vaccination in the UK. JCVI advises that the first priorities for the current COVID-19 vaccination programme should be the prevention of COVID-19 mortality and the protection of health and social care staff and systems. Secondary priorities could include vaccination of those at increased risk of hospitalisation and at increased risk of exposure, and to maintain resilience in essential public services. This document sets out a framework for refining future advice on a national COVID-19 vaccination strategy. This advice has been developed based on a review of UK epidemiological data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic so far (1), data on demographic and clinical risk factors for mortality and hospitalisation from COVID-19 (2-3), data on occupational exposure(4-7), a review on inequalities associated with COVID-19 (8), Phase I, II and III data on the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine and the AstraZeneca vaccine, Phase I and II data on other developmental COVID-19 vaccines (9-20), and mathematical modelling on the potential impact of different vaccination programmes (21). Considerations Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine The Committee has reviewed published and unpublished Phase I/II/III safety and efficacy data for the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine. The vaccine appears to be safe and well-tolerated, and there were no clinically concerning safety observations. The data indicate high efficacy 1 in all age groups (16 years and over), including protection against severe disease and encouraging results in older adults.
    [Show full text]
  • XXV TAG Meeting
    XXV TAG Meeting Twenty-Fifth Meeting of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Vaccine-preventable Diseases 9-11 July 2019 Cartagena, Colombia 1 TAG Members J. Peter Figueroa TAG Chair Professor of Public Health, Epidemiology & HIV/AIDS University of the West Indies Kingston, Jamaica Jon K. Andrus Adjunct Professor and Senior Investigator Center for Global Health, Division of Vaccines and Immunization University of Colorado Washington, DC, United States Pablo Bonvehi Scientific Director VACUNAR S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina Roger Glass* Director Fogarty International Center & Associate Director for International Research NIH/JEFIC-National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, United States Akira Homma Chairman of Policy and Strategy Council Bio-Manguinhos Institute Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Arlene King Adjunct Professor Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Ontario, Canada Nancy Messonnier* Director National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Decatur, GA, United States José Ignacio Santos Secretary General Health Council Government of Mexico Mexico City, Mexico Cristiana M. Toscano 2 Head of the Department of Collective Health Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás Goiania, Brazil Cuauhtémoc Ruiz-Matus Ad hoc Secretary Unit Chief Comprehensive Family Immunization PAHO/WHO Washington, DC, United States * Not present at the meeting 3 Table of Contents Contents Acronyms ..........................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Young Children from Pertussis and Influenza
    San Francisco Department of Public Health Barbara A Garcia, MPA Edwin M Lee Director of Health Mayor Tomás J. Aragón, MD, DrPH Health Officer January 2014 Dear Perinatal and Pediatrics Providers in San Francisco: Re: Protecting Young Infants from Pertussis and Influenza Both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) concur with the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for protecting young infants from pertussis and influenza. ACIP Recommendations to Prevent Pertussis ACIP Recommendations to Prevent Influenza Pregnant women should receive Tdap with every Women who are or will be pregnant during flu pregnancy, ideally between 27- 36 weeks gestation. season should receive Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV). Postpartum women who do not receive a Tdap vaccine Postpartum women can receive either Live during pregnancy, and who have not previously received Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) or IIV. Tdap, should get Tdap immediately postpartum. Household and Other Contacts: Adults and adolescents Household contacts: ACIP emphasizes influenza age > 11 years, who have not previously received Tdap, vaccinations for household contacts (including should get Tdap ideally >2 weeks before close contact with children) and caregivers of children aged ≤59 a newborn. This includes partners, fathers, siblings, months, with particular emphasis on vaccinating grandparents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. contacts of children aged <6 months. General: Everyone
    [Show full text]
  • State of Nevada's COVID-19 Vaccination Program Playbook
    COVID-19 Vaccination Program Nevada’s Playbook for Statewide Operations V3 NEVADA STATE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; DIVISION OF PUBLIC & BEHAVIORAL HEALTH; DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Section 1: Public Health Preparedness Planning .......................................................................................... 6 Improvement Planning ............................................................................................................................. 6 COVID-19 Vaccination Program Planning ................................................................................................. 6 Section 2: COVID-19 Organizational Structure and Partner Involvement .................................................... 9 Nevada Planning and Coordination Team (Internal) ................................................................................ 9 Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................................................................... 10 State-Local Coordination .................................................................................................................... 10 Tribal Communities ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History of Vaccination
    SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE SPECIAL FEATURE: History of vaccination Stanley Plotkin1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Edited by Rino Rappuoli, Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy, and approved February 5, 2014 (received for review January 13, 2014) Vaccines have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, vaccines could be developed in the laboratory. However, in the 20th century, it became possible to develop vaccines based on immunologic markers. In the 21st century, molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before. killed vaccines | proteins | live vaccine | genetic engineering One of the brightest chapters in the history of in humans (7). This idea played a role in the varicella vaccines were all made possible science is the impact of vaccines on human development of bacillus Calmette–Guérin through selection of clones by cell-culture longevity and health. Over 300 y have elapsed but is even more obvious in the selection of passage in vitro (17–21). In essence, passage since the first vaccine was discovered. In rhesus and bovine rotavirus strains to aid in cell culture leads to adaptation to growth a short article, it is not possible to do justice the creation of human rotavirus vaccines as in that medium, and the mutants best capa- to a subject that encompasses immunology, mentioned below under Reassortment. bleofgrowthhaveoftenlostormodifiedthe molecular biology, and public health, but sev- It was Pasteur and his colleagues who most genes that allow them to infect and spread eral more extensive sources are available clearly formulated the idea of attenuation and within a human host.
    [Show full text]
  • Pertussis (Whooping Cough) by Getting the Tdap Vaccine
    Protect your Baby from the Start GET THE WHOOPING COUGH VACCINE IN YOUR 3RD TRIMESTER Tdap During Pregnancy PROVIDER RESOURCE TOOL KIT CONTENTS Letters of Support • CDC Dear Colleague Letter • ACOG Dear Colleague Letter Provider Backgrounders • MMWR: Updated Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in Pregnant Women — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012 • ACOG Committee Opinion, September 2017: Update on Immunization and Pregnancy: Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccination • ACOG Committee Opinion, April 2016: Integrating Immunizations into Practice • Standing Orders for Tdap Vaccination to Pregnant Women • Immunization Action Coalition: Pertussis Questions and Answers • CDC: Tdap Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) • CDC: Provide the best prenatal care to prevent pertussis • ACOG: Physician Script Concerning Tdap Vaccination • CDC: Making a Strong Vaccine Referral to Pregnant Women Patient Handouts • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Tdap Vaccination During Pregnancy • Minnesota Department of Public Health: Tdap Vaccine for Pregnant Women • Immunization Action Coalition: Cocooning Protects Babies • CDC: You Can Start Protecting your Baby from Whooping Cough Before Birth • ACOG: Frequently Asked Questions for Pregnant Women Concerning Tdap Vaccination • CDC: Poster Print Ad: Pregnant Woman • CDC: Poster Print Ad: Nursery • Survivor Story: The Van Tornhout Family • Get Them In On Time: Birth to 16 Years Immunization Schedule www.vaccinateindiana.org
    [Show full text]