1. Metro Colombo Urban Development Project

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Screening Report for Improving Public Convenience: Construction of new public toilets and improvements to existing toilet blocks

Draft Final Report

December 2011

Public Disclosure Authorized Uni‐Consultancy Services University of Moratuwa

Table of Contents

1. Project Identification 3

2. Project Location 3

3. Project Justification 5

4. Project Description 7

5. Description of the Existing Environment 10

6. Public Consultation 17

7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures

7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts 21

7b. Environmental Management Plan 27

8. Conclusion and Screening Decision 33

9. Screening Decision Recommendation 36

10. EMP implementation responsibilities and costs 40

11. Details of Persons Responsible for the Environmental Screening 42

Annexes

1. Photographs of toilet locations

2. Detailed drawings of project components

URBAN UPGRADING WORK

Metro Colombo Urban Development Project

Environmental Screening Report

1. Project Identification

Project title Improving Public Convenience - construction of new public toilets and improvements to existing toilet blocks

Project Colombo Municipal Council Proponent

2. Project Location

Location Locations of the proposed toilets are depicted in the Fig. 1.

Definition of The project comprises toilets located at different geographical locations as Project Area indicated below.

PACKAGE 1 Land Extent (m²)

(The 1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 68.00 geographical extent of the 2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 05 40.00 project & areas affected during 3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 66.00 construction) 4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11 68.00

5 York Street, Colombo – 01 78.00

6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 42.00

7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14 61.50

PACKAGE 2 Land Extent (m²)

8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00

9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63

10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70

11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 65.79

12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 27.33

Adjacent land The land use pattern in Colombo Municipal Council area is given in Table 1 and features below.

Table 1. Land use pattern in Colombo Municipal Council area

The total land extent of the Colombo Municipal Council area is 11,115 ha. According to the available historical data, the main land use change observed in the Colombo city area is the rapid increase in built-up land, which is over 84% at present. This built-up area replaced domestic gardens, water bodies and marshes while a significant decline in the extent of domestic gardens observed, mainly due to migration to commercial crops. The localities under the proposed project predominantly consist of commercial and administrative/office type land uses while a considerable land cover is also under residential, parks-recreational uses, as well as waterways, roads and pavements.

Figure 1: Location map showing the locations of the toilets

3. Project Justification

Need for the project Colombo is the financial and commercial capital of Sri Lanka with 800,000 permanent population and 500,000 floating population. There are 58 public toilets situated within the city. Existing public toilets are located at prominent places as well as close to the (What problem is the underserved settlements. project going to solve) Being a Local Authority responsible for providing almost all basic amenities to tax payers as well as a floating population, facilities of

14 public toilets in 14 locations have been selected to be improved under World Bank funding. During the selection following factors have been considered.

• Floating population • Condition of existing toilets and facilities • Necessity of new constructions • Availability of land

Purpose of the project Facilitating public health and hygiene is the main purpose of the project. (what is going to be achieved by carrying out the Toilets at the above 12 locations will be constructed with the project) following features (see Annexure 2 for detailed drawings and the designs):

Alternatives considered No any other alternative is considered for the project as it is envisaged that there are no any other technically feasible and (different ways to meet the economically viable engineering interventions that could be project need and achieve accommodated in place of the proposed option. the project purpose)

4. Project Description

Proposed The tenders documents will be ready for Package 1 on 30/12/2011 and Package 2 start date on 15/03/2011 and work construction of toilets is expected to be finished within a period of one year.

Proposed It will take minimum 12 – 15 months to finish the project from the date of opening completion bid documents. date

Estimated The project will be done in two packages. The estimated costs of the each package total cost are as follows.

PACKAGE 1 Land Extent Estimated m² Cost

Million Rs.

1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02 68.00 6.06 2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 40.00 4.62 05 3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04 66.00 7.38 4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11 68.00 6.98 5 York Street, Colombo – 01 78.00 3.05 6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10 42.00 4.33 7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14 61.50 5.92 PACKAGE 2 Land Extent Estimated m² cost Million Rs. 8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07 90.00 7.75 9 Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11 52.63 5.66 10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14 88.70 6.68 11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05 65.79 6.02 12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15 27.33 3.16

Package 1 Total Estimated cost is SLR 45 M Package 2 Total Estimated cost will be SLR 33 M

Present Entire project lies in areas belonging to CMC. land ownership

Description Location of the project is given in the Figure 1. of the project The detailed drawings are attached as Annex 2. Toilets at the above 12 locations will be constructed with the following features (with (see Annexure 2 for detailed drawings and he designs): supporting • Roof - Translucent Sheet for day light elimination material such as • Floor (Common Areas) - 600 mm x 600 mm non-Slip Floor Tiles. maps, • Toilet Areas - 300 mm x 300 mm non-Slip Floor Tiles. drawings • Interior Wall - 300 mm x 900 mm Polished Tiles. etc attached as • External Walls - Aluminum Cladding for easy maintenance. required) • Door /Windows - Color Bonded Aluminum Cladding Boards. • Sanitary Fittings - American Standard. • Electricity - Solar Power

The following are the activities proposed under the project:

– Demolition/dismantling of existing toilets, pavements and structures – Disposal of (above) debris – Re-orientation of service provisions and instrumentation (telecom, power, water and drainage) – Material Transport – Material storage and handling – Provision of temporary drainage – Diversion of traffic and traffic management plan – Diversion of pedestrian pathways – Construction of the superstructure for the new toilet – Construction of pipelines and drainage for the new toilet – Construction of septic tanks for the new toilet – Maintenance of toilets after commissioning – Gulley operations and disposal of sewage

MAINTENANCE PLAN Colombo Municipal Council is unable to maintain public toilets due to non- availability of conservancy labourers. Hence these public toilets will be maintained through private participation on contract. Already six public toilets are maintained on contract satisfactorily with following conditions.

• Charge a maximum fee of Rs. 10/= per use from the user. • Settle service bills by the contractor. • Attend minor repairs up to Rs. 5,000/= by the contractor. • No alteration can be done by the contractor. • A performance bond of Rs. 25,000/= to be furnished. • A monthly payment of Rs. 67,200.00 (for the six toilets) to be made to Colombo Municipal Council.

Project Agency: Manageme nt Team CMC will be responsible for the implementation of this proposed project. Nevertheless, A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the Ministry of Defense and Urban Development (MoDUD) to implement the Metro Colombo Urban Development Project. The PMU will operate under the oversight of a Steering Committee, chaired by MoDUD’s Secretary and composed by SLLRDC, UDA, the PLAs, the Ministry of Provincial Councils and Local Authorities, the National Water Supply and Drainage Board and the Ministry of Irrigation. Other ministries and agencies will be identified as stand-by members, to be called when relevant issues need to be dealt with (e.g. Central Environmental Authority). While the PMU will remain responsible for the overall implementation of the project, responsibilities will be decentralized to the CMC for sub-projects designed and implemented by them. With regard to environmental safeguards, day to day compliance will be monitored by the Environmental Officer at the CMC (appointed specially for CMC projects under the MCUDP) while overall supervision support will be provided by the Environmental Specialist at the PMU.

Contact person:

Mrs. Dhammika, Chief Engineer, CMC;

Nature of the consultation and input received:

Meeting and consultation at design office and site were done. Design drawings, master plans and other relevant information were too gathered.

5. Description of the existing environment

5.1 Physical features – Ecosystem components

Topography and terrain The topography of Sri Lanka is marked by great diversity caused by long years of faulting and erosion of the landscape. The central mountainous region with the highest elevations covered by virgin forests and grasslands rises up to about 2,500 m above mean sea level. The surrounding plains, which rise to about 50 to 100 m above sea level, are largely used for agriculture and homesteads, but still have virgin scrubland where the population distribution is lower. This general topography of the country can be divided into three distinct geographical areas or well marked peneplains featuring the coastal belt, the plains, and the central highlands.

The Colombo district which incorporates the project area falls into so called lowest peneplain of Sri Lanka (after P.G. Cooray – Geology of Sri Lanka, 1984). The elevation variation of Colombo district situated in this coastal peneplain ranges to a maximum elevation of 150 m from sea coast. The terrain in Colombo consists of gently undulating plains with a high density of drainage paths formulating a geography consisting of a mix of land and water.

The area extent covered under the proposed project is located within a mere 2.5 – 3.0 km from the coastal line and the elevation varies up to a maximum of 16 m only. Therefore, the slopes encountered in the project area are flat to mild (<1.0 %) and gently sloping in seaward direction while the contour lines are aligned approximately parallel to the shoreline.

Soil (type and quality) The geology of Colombo is representative of the geology of the western coast of Sri Lanka and has existed for much of the Quaternary era. Bore holes drilled in central Colombo City show that this area once formed an estuary of the Kelani River and the Kalu Ganga River, the two main rivers that drain into the sea on the western coast. A few kilometers upstream in the inland valleys, there is a high-level gravel formation consisting of quartz pebbles embedded in a matrix of laterite separated with pebble- free layers of laterite. The floodplains along the rivers consist mainly of alluvial deposits. The

floodplains of Kelani River also provide thick alluvial profiles for unconfined aquifers, in addition to the productive overburden along tributary banks.

Figure 2. Soil Maps of the Study Area (Source: Greentech, 2011)

Vast area (over 90%) of Sri Lanka is underlain by metamorphic crystalline rocks of Precambrian age, which includes the project area, which cover a variety of Gneisses. The geology of Colombo is representative of the geology of the western coast of Sri Lanka and has existed for much of the Quaternary era. This is shown in the 1:10,000 and 1:50,000 geological maps of Colombo region

produced by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau. The typical rock types of this basement include Biotite gneiss, Hornblende Biotite gneiss, Charnockites, Charnockitic gneisses, Quartzite and undifferentiated Meta sediments. The floodplains along Kelani River and the Kalu Ganga rivers consist mainly of alluvial deposits. The floodplains of Kelani River also provide thick alluvial profiles for unconfined aquifers, in addition to the productive overburden along tributary banks.

According to Survey Department soil maps (Figure 2) the main soil types in the project area are as follows. • Red Yellow Podzolic soils with soft or hard laterite and undulating terrain • Bog and Half bog soils: flat terrain • Alluvial soils of variable texture and drainage: flat terrain • Regosols on recent beach sands: flat terrain

Surface water (sources, distance from the There are no surface water bodies that are affected by the proposed project, as only small-scale site, local uses and quality) construction will be involved in each individual project.

Ground water Each individual toilet complex will be connected to main sewer lines, and therefore groundwater is not (sources, distance from the affected. Only toilet that has no sewer connection is located at Mattakkuliya (No.14, Package 2). The site, local uses and quality) ground water table at this location is about 8 feet, during rainy seasons.

Flooding All road segments in the project subdivision areas (Package 1, and 2) considered under the proposed development appear to have adequate drainage systems in place at present. The terrain is either flat in most areas or consists of mild slopes, therefore, no historical records of past flooding are available for any of the locations under consideration. However, after extremely heavy storm events and especially due to temporary blockage of existing drainage system, the water movement could concentrate in some parts close to proposed locations the causing temporary ponding or minor flooding in the adjacent localities, as has occurred in the recent past. However, this effect is not significant in the project areas

and can easily be avoided by ensuring that the existing drains are well maintained and routine checks are carried out, particularly after major storm events

Air quality Heavy vehicle movements along the roads in the project area lead to high levels of air pollutant

(any pollution issues) emissions, such as dust including particulate matter, smoke including CO, CO2, NOx, SOx etc. Such air pollution episodes can aggravate during peak hours when traffic movements are impeded.

Noxious gases can be detected along certain road stretches where water is stagnating, and/or decomposing solid waste has piled up. Emanation of foul odors is prevalent along some of the roads where wastewater is discharged by the road side, blockages of gullies, manholes and drainage canals are a common occurrence.

Noise level and vibration Existing ambient noise and vibration levels in the area are consistent with highly urban and light (Any anticipated issues) industrial, businesses, hotel and restaurants. There is also heavy traffic noise from major roads such as Vauxhall Street, Galle Road, Main Street, Saunders Place, Nagalagam Street, Havelock Road etc. All roads carry heavy traffic during peak hours as well as during the night time. Industrial activities and commercial activities of most of the major roads mentioned above and at Madampitiya and Mattakkuliya contribute to high levels of noise.

5.2 Ecological features – Eco-system components

Vegetation The twelve proposed public toilets are spread over Colombo Municipal Council Area and the identified locations are in public areas where human interference is high. Therefore the identified locations have (trees, ground cover, no ecological sensitivity except for the toilet to be constructed at Viharamahadevi Park in Colombo 7. aquatic vegetation) At Viharamahadevi Park, although it’s a man made habitat, there are a variety of planted tree species which support different fauna species (mainly birds) as their feeding, roosting and breeding habitats.

Eleven public toilets out of proposed fourteen are to be reconstructed at the existing locations and there is no vegetation observed. The two places at Gunasinghepura, Colombo 11 and Madampitiya, Colombo -14 are bare lands currently be used as play ground and parking area and hence no tree cover was observed. There were no any threatened or endemic species or any invasive species observed during the rapid screening.

Presence of wetlands No wetland habitat present within or near the proposed sites for the public toilets.

Fish and fish habitats No aquatic habitats were observed closer to the proposed sites.

Birds (waterfowl, migratory No detail ecological survey was considered needed as the project is implemented in highly urbanized birds, others) environments dominated with man-made structures. The bird populations in the city is largely dominated with common species such as the house crow, egret, pelican etc

Presence of special habitat There are no such special habitats demarcated as protected areas within and immediate surroundings of areas (special designations the proposed project area. and identified sensitive zones)

Other features

Residential/Sensitive Areas Package 1 (Eg, Hospitals, Schools) 1 No. 112, Vauxhall Street, Colombo – 02

Predominant land use along the road is commercial but inside is mostly underserved settlements. The toilet is mostly used by the people of nearby underserved settlements particularly the people of ‘3

watta’. In addition over 1000 pedestrians use the toilet daily. The improvement to the toilet would be an important and extremely essential facility to the community and user fee will not be an issue.

2 Galle Road/W.A. Silva Mw., Colombo – 05

Located prominently on Galle road near W.A. Silva Mawatha traffic light junction adjacent to HNB Bank. No sensitive land uses are recorded in the vicinity.

3 Milagiriya, Colombo – 04

Located on the second block from the Galle road. However due to the installation of a fairly tall transformer, the toilet is not adequately visible. No sensitive land uses are recorded in the vicinity.

4 Saunders Place, Colombo –11

Located near the Pettah Public bus station and heavily used by the public. The toilet is well maintained, the entrance and outside appearance are at good level of maintenance. The signage to indicate location of a public toilet is not inadequate. Over 4000 people use the toilet per day.

5 York Street, Colombo – 01

This toilet is located underground and has a historical value as it is one of oldest public toilets in the city and is located in a planned manner, very visible to people.

6 Piyadasa Sirisena Mw., Colombo –10

This toilet is located almost opposite the Ananda College on Maradana road. The users are mostly from

adjoining retail commercial establishments.

7 Nagalagam Street, Colombo - 14

This toilet is located adjacent to Sirimavo Bandaranayake road and Nagalagam street. Mixed users of housing, commercial and industries are located around. This toilet block is abandoned and has become a health hazard., due to poor maintenance.

Package 2

8 Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07

This toilet is located within the VMD park and used by over 500 visitors a day during the weekend. No sensitive land uses are located nearby, however the VMD park itself is important in recreation aspect and hence this public toilet block needs special care both in terms of design and maintenance.

9 Gunasinghepura, Colombo – 11

This is a new toilet and will be located opposite the police station and at the corner of the play ground. The CMC and earmarked the site for the proposed toilet block. The site is also located close to the public bus station and “People’s Park” shopping complex.

10 Madampitiya, Colombo – 14

At this site a public toilet existed before and was demolished by the CMC to construct a new toilet block. At present a company uses this site for parking of unregistered vehicles. This is a good location for a public toilet due to the existing bus bays and underserved settlement nearby.

11 Timbirigasyaya , Colombo – 05

Located close to the traffic lights at Thmbirigasyaya junction, on High Level Road between Seylan Bank and Sampath Bank. A good location for a public toilet due to heavy pedestrian movement on this section of the road. Asokaramaya Buddhist temple is located about 200 meters from the site. The toilet block has been renovated recently by the Asokaramaya temple.

12 Mattakkuliya, Colombo – 15

This public toilet at present is abandoned due to nonfunctioning of the septic tank. This toilet did not have access to a municipal sewer line. It is located in a prominent place where a large number of public movements are found.

Traditional economic and Not applicable cultural activities

Archeological resources Not applicable

6. Public Consultation

Public consulted Consultation Date Details/Issues raised method

W.A. Sumandasa Informal 18.12.2011 Vauxhall Street (Toilet user) The care taker maintains the toilet in a good condition and the community assists as it is an asset to them.

Wasantha (Toilet WA Silva Mawatha Operator) – There were over 1500 people using this toilet before. However due to the recently constructed public market nearby having good toilet facilities the number of users of this toilet has come down to 800 users a day. The users are mostly pedestrians.

Milagiriya

Nimal Ranaweera –Over 800 people use this toilet. However since the toilet is not visible to the (Toilet Operator) pedestrians many people are not aware of the location of a public toilet here. The toilet is closed by 6.00 as there are no users after that time.

- The status of the toilet (hidden, covered and gloomy) has provided a good A Three Wheeler environment for the operator to carry out illegal activities in the public toilet. After Driver (Name not 6.00 p.m. the operator closes down the toilet for public use and rent out it for disclosed) illegal activities for a good income.

The toilet Saunders Place, Colombo 11– The size of the toilet is not enough as it is heavily Operator’s used every day by thousands of people. This is very congested. employee (Name not disclosed)

A User having a York Street small business (Name not – Over 1000 people use this toilet daily but the facilities are very poor. No disclosed) adequate lighting, doors are broken.

A user from the Piyadasa Sirisena Mawatha nearby underserved This is the only public toilet available for the nearby “Watta” (underserved settlement (name settlement) and that the whole community is dependent on this. Even those have not disclosed) individual toilets use this toilet block for bathing. The CMC does not maintain this and the community themselves organized the maintenance activities. Over 1000 people use the toilet daily.

A Worker of the Nagalagam Vidiya workshop located adjoining the This toilet was heavily used by the people in the vicinity as no other public toilet is toilet block located nearby. However due to poor maintenance it was abandoned and now has become a health hazard as some make the place dirty. The restoration of the toilet block will largely benefits the small business people and people in underserved settlements nearby.

.Toilet Operator Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo – 07

– Since one of the toilets within the park is recently closed down, this toilet has become heavily used, mainly during weekends. Present user fee is only Rs 2/= which needs to be increased to at least 5/=

Gunasinghe Pura, Colombo – 11

(No interview was carried out at this location)

Madampitiya, Colombo – 14

(No interview was carried out at this location)

S.Raja Thimbirigasyaya, Colombo 5 (Toilet user) - Over 1000 people use this toilet a day, mostly by the people from the low income settlement nearby. It is also accessible to the pedestrians. The toilet is maintained and is in a good condition, particularly due the involvement of the Asokaramaya temple.

S.A. Jayantha – Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15. (CTB Bus Driver) – Pubic toilet here is an urgent need. A bus leaves this place every 10 – 15 minutes and a large number of people are found in the area at any given time.

7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures

7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts

Screening question Yes No Significance of the effect Remarks

(Low, moderate, high)

1 Will construction and operation of the Yes Low Project involve actions which will cause physical changes in the locality Most of the interventions are carried out within the existing premises, either after complete demolition or with major alterations. There are two toilets that will be constructed at new locations: Gunasinghe Pura (No. 9, Package 2) and Madampitiya (No. 10, Package 2), which will physically alter the surrounding locality. No other changes in topography and landform is anticipated other than landscaping, paving of foot walks etc.

2 Will the Project involve use, storage, Yes Low transport, handling or production of substances or materials which could be Transport of material and construction activities, harmful to human health or the environment including excavation, and material piles will emit or raise concerns about actual or perceived dust and fugitive particles which may pose a health risks to human health? hazard to vulnerable persons on temporary basis.

However, due to small-scale constructions such impacts are very low.

3 Will the Project produce solid wastes during Yes Low construction or operation? During construction:

There will be spoilage (construction debris) produced during demolition of existing structures and pavements, excavation of trenches.

During operations:

There will be solid waste collected at garbage bins which need regular collection and disposed appropriately. Regular cleaning of drain pipes is necessary as they will generate small quantities of spoil material.

4 Will the Project release pollutants or any Yes Low hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air? There will be paints, solvents, soldering material used during construction. Also, overlay and re- surfacing of floors, titling, bituminous patching, crack sealing, will be carried out which will generate fumes and dust emissions, however, quantities involved are in small.

5 Will the Project cause noise and vibration or Yes Low release of light, heat energy or electromagnetic radiation? The project activities will cause noise and vibration during demolition, excavation of trenches, and

during compaction, transport of material etc. These impacts are temporary in nature and cause only inconvenience to the neighboring people only.

6 Will the Project lead to risks of Yes Low contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants onto the ground or into Stock piling of material will lead to washing away surface waters, groundwater or coastal of soil and may increase turbidity and TSS in road wasters? side drainage and nearby waterways (in some locations) temporarily during the construction period.

Leaking drainage and leaks in sewer lines have the potential of contaminating both surface water and ground water. Also, blocked drains, toilets and sinks can also have the potential of contaminating water.

7 Will the project cause localized flooding No No impact in anticipated and poor drainage during construction

Is the project area located in a flooding location?

8 Will there be any risks and vulnerabilities to Yes Moderate public safety due to physical hazards during construction or operation of the Project? Most of the toilets are located adjacent to walkways. Demolition, construction and material handling can disturb pedestrians movements,

especially during night time, safety issues in terms of falling pieces of material, dangers of material piles and debris to neighbors and commuters could be anticipated.

9 Are there any transport routes on or around No No impact is anticipated the location which are susceptible to congestion or which cause environmental problems, which could be affected by the project?

10 Are there any routes or facilities on or No No impact is anticipated around the location which are used by the public for access to recreation or other facilities, which could be affected by the project?

11 Are there any areas or features of high No Since project mainly deals with work along roads, landscape or scenic value on or around the no impact is anticipated. location which could be affected?

12 Are there any other areas on or around the Yes Low location which are important or sensitive for reasons of their ecology e.g. wetlands, Several projects are located in the catchment area of watercourses or other water bodies, the Beira lake and Kelani River. Since the nature of the coastal zone, mountains, forests which could projects is small and the construction period is very be affected by the project? short no major impacts are anticipated.

13 Are there any areas on or around the No No such areas are found.

location which are used by protected, important or sensitive species of fauna or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, migration, which could be affected by the project?

14 Is the project located in a previously No No such green-field is encountered. undeveloped area where there will be loss of green-field land

15 Will the project cause the removal of trees No No tree is planned to be uprooted or cut or pruned. in the locality?

16 Are there any areas or features of historic or No There are many buildings of historical and cultural importance on or around the archeological interest in the vicinity of some of the location which could be affected by the project areas (i.e. Seemamalakaya on James Peiris project? Mawatha, Several buildings of colonial architectural heritage on Dr. Colvin R. Silva Mawatha. However none of the sub projects will have any involvement on the operation of these buildings during construction or operation stage.

17 Are there existing land uses on or around Yes Low the location e.g. homes, gardens, other private property, industry, commerce, Some residential areas, commercial and industrial recreation, public open space, community establishments are affected slightly by construction, facilities, agriculture, forestry, tourism, mainly due to restricted access around the mining or quarrying which could be affected construction sites. by the project?

18 Are there any areas on or around the No No impact is anticipated location which are densely populated or built-up, which could be affected by the project?

19 Are there any areas on or around the - No location which are occupied by sensitive land uses e.g. hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities, which could be affected by the project

20 Are there any areas on or around the No No impact is anticipated location which contain important, high quality or scarce resources e.g. groundwater, surface waters, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals, which could be affected by the project?

21 Are there any areas on or around the Yes Beira Lake and connected canals are polluted location which are already subject to mainly due to discharge of wastewater illegally and pollution or environmental damage e.g. storm water flow carrying garbage of the catchment where existing legal environmental areas into the lake. However Beira lake and the standards are exceeded, which could be other canals are now being restored under different affected by the project? projects by the Sri Lanka Land Reclaimation Corporation and Urban Development Authority. No addition of pollution by the project to the water bodies is envisaged.

7b. Environmental Management Plan – for all toilets facilities in common

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

Demolition/dismantling of existing Existing drainage paths may Adequate temporary drainage facilities should be provided toilets, pavements and structures be blocked during during construction period not to hinder existing surface and construction period due to drainage water flows. Disposal of (above) debris stockpiling of debris,

Precautions should be taken during piling up of debris so as not materials etc Diversion of traffic and traffic to disrupt existing drainage pathways, pavements walkways etc. management plan Debris may cause inconvenience to the public Demolition of existing pavements has to be carried out with the Diversion of pedestrian pathways and neighbored minimum use of machinery and sprinkling of water should be done appropriately. Diversion of traffic may create little inconvenience to Debris management must be done so as not to cause any the people inconvenience to the public. Debris from demolition of existing structures should be either reused, used as filling or disposed Inconveniences to pedestrians to CMC’s municipal waste collection points. and motorist due to demolition work, closure of No mitigation for diversion of traffic is required as it is not pavements and parts of the required. roadway (which is not significant as the road at most Warning signs and proper fencing is needed as safety measures. locations are are wide Also, no slippery conditions along roadsides and pavements and enough for vehicles to move walking surfaces have to be ensured.

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

even during construction)

Impacts on flora and fauna Impact arising due to proposed project activities is not due to disturbance by significant as the area identified is predominantly of man demolition modified urban environments that support very few faunal and floral species. This will not result in a habitat loss or fragmentation of terrestrial species. Further, the terrestrial species recorded during the study are common species that are capable of occupying habitats subjected to modification by humans and hence will be able to adapt to the new conditions readily. No impact is anticipated

Material Transport Obstruction to vehicular Construction vehicles and equipment should be parked at movements (Which is not suitable locations without parking along road sides. Material storage and handling significant as the road at most locations are wide enough Appropriate signage should be posted on affected roadways, for vehicles to move even and residents/commercial establishments should be informed of during construction) any traffic diversions and restriction of entry during construction. Disturbances to day-to-day activities of public due to Only small amounts of material to be delivered at site, and material pile up beside the construction to be carried out considering space restrictions of congested walkways. the site to hold large material stock piles. Head transport should be encouraged whenever there is no adequate place for material

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

storage inside the project sites.

Soil to be transported from outside areas for earthworks must be pre-checked for invasive or weed species.

Provision of temporary drainage Contamination of surface Regular maintenance of gullies, pipelines and manholes is runoff essential.

Emanation of foul odor due Proper disposal of debris is necessary. to stagnant water Regular maintenance of drainage structures is needed while Collection of floating matter additional routine checks may be needed during monsoon and blocking catch pits, seasons and after heavy storm events. gullies and manholes Accumulated silt and debris should be properly removed and Contamination of water due disposed appropriately following guidelines and local to improper disposal of debris regulations to avoid any further nuisance. and sediments Proper silt traps, measures to reduce erosion, diversions, etc., should be adopted if siltation is unacceptably high in the project area.

If the manholes, gullies etc. are not properly maintained and if accumulated silt and debris in catch pits are not periodically removed, the capacity of the drainage system may be affected

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

by excessive and undesirable accumulation of silt and debris.

Proper disposal of removed material is required to ensure that they are not trapped in the catchment and transported back the drainage paths and also to avoid undesirable nuisance, odor, and health risks etc.

Construction of super structure, Inconvenience to people, Construction equipment and machinery should be maintained in pipelines and drainage for the new commercial establishments good condition and regularly. toilet due to: (i) elevated noise

during construction; (ii) air Use of heavy construction equipment and plants should be borne particles, and blocking discouraged. All equipment and machinery (such as compacters of drainage paths and vibrators) should be operated with exhaust silencers to limit generation of noise not to exceed 75 dB. The use of high noise generating pneumatic construction equipment should be restricted.

It will be ensured that the levels of intermittent vibration (in ppv) would be less than the 2.25 mm/sec at 1 Hz to avoid human discomfort and inconvenience as per the Interim Standards for Vibration of the Operation of Machinery, Construction Activities and Vehicle Movement & Traffic.

Construction of the proposed toilets and related facilities would not generate hazardous or toxic waste and therefore do not

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

create any potential hazard to human health due to contamination. If accidental spills do occur (if any) during construction of materials such as paints, solvents, bituminous material or any other hazardous or toxic constituents, the contractor should take appropriate measures to clean up such spills immediately and waste material should be disposed appropriately. The contractor should take precautionary measures to minimize and control spoilage of material during storage and handling and during construction processes. There should be provisions for proper storage of construction materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to elements.

Working time should be restricted for noise generation activities and carried out only from 6.00 am to 6.00 pm in areas near residences and shops.

Provision of temporary toilet and Improved sanitary practices Mobile units must be provided until proper ones are complete. bathing facilities Alternatively, where common toilets are available nearby in other buildings the public should be encourages to use those.

Maintenance of toilets after Overflow of gullies, drainage Temporary drainage blockages have to be attended without commissioning provisions, toilet pits etc. due delay. Emptying of septic tanks will need to be done on to blockages schedule according to a plan. Gulley operations and disposal of sewage

Key project activities Potential Environmental Mitigation Measures Effects

Foul odours, breeding Proper treatment for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc. is grounds for mosquitoes, necessary vermin, cockroaches etc.

Construction of septic tanks for This toilet has no connection Septic tank should be designed based on SLS 745: Code of the new toilet (ONLY FOR THE to the main sewer. Therefore, Practice: Sri Lanka Standards Part I and Part II (2004) on the TOILET AT No. 12, it needs a septic tank for design and construction of septic tanks and associated effluent MATTAKKULIYA, COLOMBO collection of wastewater. The disposal systems. 15) existing septic tank is not functioning and is over- The final disposal of wastewater should be done after treating flowing. with an appropriate method as suggested in the above Code of Practice (e.g., Anaerobic filter). The disposed water should be Construction of the septic diverted to a drainage line, which should have continuous flow. tank has following impacts: It has to be noted that any stagnant water may be breeding grounds for mosquitoes, vermin, cockroaches etc. and should be - Excavation of the pit: treated with appropriate pesticides. - Disposal of excavated material The septic tank should be emptied regularly. No overflowing should take place. In case of any overflows, immediate action Main impacts are due to should be taken to clean up and empty the tank. noise, dust, inconvenience to pedestrians etc. Possibility of connection to Municipal sewer should be considered.

8. Conclusion and Screening Decision

Summary of environmental effects: Assuming that all mitigation measures are implemented as proposed, the following effects can be predicted. For all toilets a common ones are given below. However individual recommendations are given separate.

Key project activities Potential Environmental Effects Significance of the environmental effect with mitigation in place

NS- Effect not significant, or can be rendered insignificant with mitigation SP - Significant positive effect SN - Significant negative effect U - Outcome unknown or cannot be predicted, even with mitigation NA – Not applicable

Demolition/dismantling of Existing drainage paths may be blocked during NS existing toilets, pavements and construction period due to stockpiling of debris, structures materials etc

Disposal of (above) debris Debris may cause inconvenience to the public NS and neighbored Diversion of traffic and traffic management plan Diversion of traffic may create little NS inconvenience to the people Diversion of pedestrian NS pathways Inconvenience to present users of toilets and

bathing facilities

Inconveniences to pedestrians and motorist due NS to demolition work, closure of pavements and

parts of the roadway. (Which is not significant as the road at this section is wide enough for vehicles to move even during construction)

Impacts on flora and fauna due to disturbance NS by demolition

Material Transport Obstruction to vehicular movements (Which is NS not significant as the road at this section is wide Material storage and handling enough for vehicles to move even during construction)

Disturbances to day-to-day activities of residents due to material pile up beside the SN congested walkway.

Establishment of weed species in the project area due to introduction through imported raw NS material. construction equipment, or unplanned dumping of cleared wed species

Provision of temporary drainage Contamination of surface runoff NS

Emanation of foul odor due to stagnant water NS

Collection of floating matter and blocking catch pits, gullies and manholes

Contamination of water due to improper disposal of debris and sediments NS

Construction of super structure, Inconvenience to people, commercial NS pipelines and drainage for the establishments due to: (i) elevated noise during new toilet construction; (ii) air borne particles, and

blocking of drainage paths

Provision of temporary toilet Impacts on good sanitary practices SP facilities

Maintenance of toilets after Overflow of gullies, drainage provisions, toilet NS commissioning pits etc. due to blockages

Gulley operations and disposal Foul odours, breeding grounds for mosquitoes, NS of sewage vermin, cockroaches etc.

9. Screening Decision Recommendation:

Final All potentially adverse effects can be classified as general recommendation construction related impacts and are mitigatable with good construction planning and site management. Public concern does not warrant further assessment. Therefore, a stand alone Environmental Assessment for the proposed sub-project is not required, the Environmental Management Plan would be sufficient.

However, the following specific recommendations should be highlighted when EMP provisions are incorporated into bidding documents.

No. 1: Vauxhall Street, Colombo 2

In the case of material transport, head transport of material should be allowed so as not to disturb pedestrian movement.

Temporary toilets such as mobile units and bathing facilities by means of temporary block should be provided.