Brochures and Maps Are Avail- Fund Raising, Website, Mailings, Etc.) Able in Our Entrance Gazebo for These and  Advocate and Raise Public Awareness

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Brochures and Maps Are Avail- Fund Raising, Website, Mailings, Etc.) Able in Our Entrance Gazebo for These and  Advocate and Raise Public Awareness Become a Friend of Goodwin Forest We are a non-profit 501c(3) volunteer organization, working in cooperation with Center staff. In partnership with the DEP and CFPA* , The mission of the the Friends support the Center and Forest by Friends of Goodwin Forest is volunteering on trails and in gardens as well as to advocate, enhance and supporting educational programs. We also bring support education, recreation and awareness of the forest to state officials and the conservation activities of the historic public as well as raise critically needed funds. James L. Goodwin Forest and Friends will receive email notices of Goodwin Conservation Education Center. events and activities and our periodic electronic newsletter. *The Connecticut Forest and Park Association, Connecticut’s oldest conservation organization, has a long history with the Center. James Goodwin was a CFPA president and served as director for nearly 40 years. CFPA partners with the CT DEP to operate the Goodwin Cen- ter. Their website is: www.ctwoodlands.org Please complete and mail to: Friends of Goodwin Forest 23 Potter Road Hampton, CT 06247 Name____________________________ Address__________________________ City_____________________________ State______ Zip________________ Email___________________________ In the hills of Connecticut’s Quiet Corner lies a natural treasure: the Goodwin State Phone _____________________________ Forest and Conservation Education Member levels: Center. Basic $20 The 2,000 acre state forest is home to 3 Goodwin Circle $55 large ponds, 14 miles of trails, demonstra- Supporter $100 tion areas, wildlife observation platforms, a Benefactor $250 Conservation Education Center and over 2 Other _____ acres of native plant wildlife gardens. I am already a member of CFPA. Biking, horseback riding, snow shoeing, All levels $55 and over include membership in CFPA, a kayaking, bird watching, hiking, camping, subscription to Connecticut Woodlands magazine and and letterboxing are some of the activities CFPA’s quarterly News & Notes. All contributions are tax deductible to the extent of the law. available to visitors throughout the year. Checks payable to: CFPA/Friends of Goodwin Forest Friends of Goodwin Forest DEP c/o CT 23 Potter Road Hampton,06247 CT Located off Route 6 in Hampton, CT The Goodwin Conservation Education The Gardens Center was a gift to the The History Are you looking for beautiful and interest- people of Connecticut James L. Goodwin (1883- ing native plants for your own gardens? from James L. Goodwin, 1967) hailed from one of Come visit the Richard Haley Native Plant to provide "forestry, wildlife, Hartford’s most prominent and general conservation. education" Wildlife Gardens where trained Master families. One of America’s first professional foresters, Gardeners grow and propagate dozens of Goodwin began acquiring species of native plants for conserving land in Hampton in 1914. resources and attracting wildlife. Soon “Pine Acres Farm” Explore the amphibian ponds or relax on had grown to nearly 2,000 acres. For 50 years, the benches near the wooded paths . he practiced pioneering and state of the art Picnic tables scattered throughout the forest management. park and an expansive front lawn are In 1964, Goodwin gifted the entire property to perfect places for family get togethers or the people and state of Connecticut. Thanks to lunch! his vision and generosity, this diverse and The Center wonderful slice of our natural world is available for all to enjoy. The Goodwin Conservation Education Center is managed jointly by the Connecticut Depart- ment of Environmental Protection and the Connecticut Forest & Park Association, Inc. It includes a nature museum, a picnic pavilion The 2,000 Acre Forest and a youth group camping area. Some of the popular trails are: The Center offers year-round educational The Blue-Blazed Natchaug Trail begins at the workshops and field tours covering a wide Conservation Center and stretches north to connect with the Blue-Blazed Nipmuck Trail. variety of topics. Opportunities Visitors are also encouraged to use our maps The Air Line State Park Trail, a former railroad and trail guides to hike our educational trails bed, crosses Potter Road just a few hundred Join our group of dedicated volunteers! at any time and learn on their own. feet from the Center. The graveled bed makes Help us: it ideal for hiking, cross country skiing and Create an historical record of the horseback riding. Goodwin Forest and property Pine Acres Lake (135 acres) is large and shal- Maintain and create trails low, with logs and stumps protruding in many Work with master gardeners and staff places. It is ideal for a challenging canoe ex- in the various gardens (enhance your cursion. Bass, bluegill and bullhead fishing is skills or learn new ones.) popular. Electric motors only. Develop the Friend’s group (publicity, Self guided brochures and maps are avail- fund raising, website, mailings, etc.) able in our entrance gazebo for these and Advocate and raise public awareness. other hikes. .
Recommended publications
  • Keeping Paradise Unpaved in the Trenches of Land Preservation
    CONNECTICUT Woodlands CFPA’S LEGISLATIVE for INSIDE AGENDA 2014 KEEPING PARADISE UNPAVED IN THE TRENCHES OF LAND PRESERVATION The Magazine of the Connecticut Forest & Park Association Spring 2014 Volume 79 No. 1 The ConnectiCuT ForesT & Park assoCiaTion, inC. OFFICERS PRESIDENT, ERIC LUKINGBEAL, Granby VICE-PRESIDENT, WILLIAM D. BRECK, Killingworth VICE-PRESIDENT, GEOFFREY MEISSNER, Plantsville VICE-PRESIDENT, DAVID PLATT, Higganum VICE-PRESIDENT, STARR SAYRES, East Haddam TREASURER, JAMES W. DOMBRAUSKAS, New Hartford SECRETARY, ERIC HAMMERLING, West Hartford FORESTER, THOMAS J. DEGNAN, JR., East Haddam DIRECTORS RUSSELL BRENNEMAN, Westport ROBERT BUTTERWORTH, Deep River STARLING W. CHILDS, Norfolk RUTH CUTLER, Ashford THOMAS J. DEGNAN, JR., East Haddam CAROLINE DRISCOLL, New London ASTRID T. HANZALEK, Suffield DAVID LAURETTI, Bloomfield JEFFREY BRADLEY MICHAEL LECOURS, Farmington This pond lies in a state park few know about. See page 10. DAVID K. LEFF, Collinsville MIRANDA LINSKY, Middletown SCOTT LIVINGSTON, Bolton JEFF LOUREIRO, Canton LAUREN L. McGREGOR, Hamden JEFFREY O’DONNELL, Bristol Connecting People to the Land Annual Membership RICHARD WHITEHOUSE, Glastonbury Our mission: The Connecticut Forest & Park Individual $ 35 HONORARY DIRECTORS Association protects forests, parks, walking Family $ 50 GORDON L. ANDERSON, St. Johns, FL trails and open spaces for future generations by HARROL W. BAKER, JR., Bolton connecting people to the land. CFPA directly Supporting $ 100 RICHARD A. BAUERFELD, Redding involves individuals and families, educators, GEORGE M. CAMP, Middletown Benefactor $ 250 ANN M. CUDDY, Ashland, OR community leaders and volunteers to enhance PRUDENCE P. CUTLER, Farmington and defend Connecticut’s rich natural heritage. SAMUEL G. DODD, North Andover, MA CFPA is a private, non-profit organization that Life Membership $ 2500 JOHN E.
    [Show full text]
  • Where-To-Go Fifth Edition Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America 2002
    Where-to-Go Fifth Edition Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America 2002 0 The "Where to Go" is published by the Where-to-Go Committee of the Buckskin Lodge #412 Order of the Arrow, WWW, of the Theodore Roosevelt Council, #386, Boy Scouts of America. FIFTH EDITION September, 1991 Updated (2nd printing) September, 1993 Third printing December, 1998 Fourth printing July, 2002 Published under the 2001-2002 administration: Michael Gherlone, Lodge Chief John Gherlone, Lodge Adviser Marc Ryan, Lodge Staff Adviser Edward A. McLaughlin III, Scout Executive Where-to-Go Committee Adviser Stephen V. Sassi Chairman Thomas Liddy Original Word Processing Andrew Jennings Michael Nold Original Research Jeffrey Karz Stephen Sassi Text written by Stephen Sassi 1 This guide is dedicated to the Scouts and volunteers of the Theodore Roosevelt Council Boy Scouts of America And the people it is intended to serve. Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less traveled by, And that made all the difference...... - R.Frost 2 To: All Scoutmasters From: Stephen V. Sassi Buckskin Lodge Where to Go Adviser Date: 27 June 2002 Re: Where to Go Updates Enclosed in this program packet are updates to the Order of Arrow Where to Go book. Only specific portions of the book were updated and the remainder is unchanged. The list of updated pages appears below. Simply remove the old pages from the book and discard them, replacing the old pages with the new pages provided. First two pages Table of Contents - pages 1,2 Chapter 3 - pages 12,14 Chapter 4 - pages 15-19,25,26 Chapter 5 - All except page 35 (pages 27-34,36) Chapter 6 - pages 37-39, 41,42 Chapter 8 - pages 44-47 Chapter 9 - pages 51,52,54 Chapter 10 - pages 58,59,60 Chapter 11 - pages 62,63 Appendix - pages 64,65,66 We hope that this book will provide you with many new places to hike and camp.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Message
    PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE th Our 30 Anniversary Annual Meeting and Dinner Forty-six people attended our Connecticut Section Annual Dinner and Meeting at the Cheshire Grange on March 20. Thanks to everyone who attended, and to Ken Williamson for arranging to make the dinner a success. The Grange's roast beef and vegetarian lasagna were excellent once again. During the annual meeting, Jack Sanga was elected as Treasurer, replacing John Bensenhaver, who performed admirably for 5 years. We thanked John, and outgoing director George Andrews, now living in Boynton Beach, Florida, for their service. Connecticut Section Service Awards, recognizing members who serve as activity leaders and officers, went to Arlene Rivard, Bob Schoff, and Ken Williamson. After the meeting, Marjorie Nichols of Lebanon gave a great slide presentation of her trip to the Swiss and Italian Alps. Thanks to Marge Hackbarth for securing Marjorie's services on short notice. Trail Maintenance VP for Trails and Shelters Dick Krompegal has scheduled the first trip to Kid Gore Shelter on the Long Trail for the weekend of May 21-23. This is a great opportunity to hike into the heart of our Long Trail section and get the trail ready for the summer season. The first work trip to Story Spring Shelter, just 0.7 miles from the road, is planned for June 18-20. Participating in a Long Trail work weekend has multiple benefits. In addition to the satisfaction of giving time and energy back to the trail system, and the camaraderie of other GMC members , every hour of volunteer labor on the Long/Appalachian Trail adds to the level of federal government funding for the A.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Trail Running News ...Western Mass Athletic Club
    Trail Running News ... Western Mass Athletic Club Volume 20 …. Issue 4 …. Late Autumn …. 2014 In this issue: 2014 Grand Tree Trail Series 2014 Grand Tree Trails Series Final Results and Point Standings This year marked the 20th year of the Grand Tree Trail Running Series. Also…..Results and stories from: Many different running clubs and the races they put on are all a part of the current Grand Tree Series. Back in 1995 Ed Alibozek took the lead in organizing all the Pisgah MT. -- Goodwin Forest races in the series and also set up the current scoring system and the first Grand Tree Series ranking were listed. Since then the WMAC has continued to list the schedules, Nipmuck Marathon -- Monroe scoring and final standings of the Grand Tree Series in cooperation with the different RD’s, running clubs and races involved. Groton Forest -- Hairy Gorilla For the last 12 years Rob Higley has figured all the scoring and kept the statistics for Busa Bushwhack -- Stone Cat the series and for the past 2 years Fred Pilon handled the scheduling along with other duties for the GT trail series. Thank them for their efforts next time you see them Upton State Forest -- Turkey Trot 5K The 20th annual “Grand Tree” trail series for 2014 began again with the Merrimack River 10 miler in Andover, MA on April 12 th this year, and wrapped up with the And plenty more inside durtyfeets … Upton State Forest 21K race in Upton, MA. on November 16 th . Up n’ Coming Events: This year there 22 races on the schedule and 24 different scoring events.
    [Show full text]
  • Walking Guide
    Walking Guideto the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor We offer these suggestions for a pleasant walking experience: e Conditions of trails change according to the weather, the seasons and standards of ownership. Some trails are more rugged and isolated than others. Proper precautions should be taken. e Tell a responsible person the destination and estimated time of return for all trips. e If you become lost — stay put and wait to be found. A sig- naling device, such as a whistle is a useful addition to your daypack. e Wear footwear that provides proper support for hiking. e Dress in clothing that protects against deer ticks, other insects and the weather. e Include rain gear in your daypack. e Carry water and supplemental snacks. e Locate and use a trail map for the area. e Trail Courtesy: Leave no trace. Take nothing, leave noth- ing behind. e Caution should be used during hunting season in spring and fall, and some areas should be avoided. Contact Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Walking Guide Walking Walking Guide Walking Wildlife Div. 860-424-3011 for further information. Quinebaug-Shetucket Heritage Corridor, Inc. P.O. Box 161, Putnam, CT 06260 • Phone: (860) 963-7226 • Fax: (860) 928-2189 • World Wide Web: nps.gov/qush Welcome… More Walks . Sources for additional information: to the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Abundant and varied walking opportunities are available at any of Joshua’s Tract Walk Book, 2nd ed. Heritage Corridor and a sampler of walking experi- the State Parks and Forests in the Heritage Corridor, many of Joshua’s Tract Conservation & Historic Trust ences.
    [Show full text]
  • CT Hiking Trails
    CFPA Trails & The Blue Trails Challenge CT Forest & Parks Association Trails 2006 – “There are well over 800 miles of blue-blazed hiking trails in many different towns in little ol’ Connecticut. A 52 mile section of the Appalachian Trail also cuts across the Northwest corner of the state. Sleeping Giant State Park Much of that is still true. I’d guess the CFPA trail network is closer to 1,000 miles now though, especially with the completion of the East-West Trail looming. And the AT is closer to 57 miles now. The CFPA will be releasing a new Walk Book in 2017 and have, of course, put everything online as well. For decades, there existed something called the Connecticut 400 Clubwhich recognized those who have hiked all the CFPA trails of Connecticut. Since the “Club’s” inception, over 400 more miles have been added to the task, but no one bothered to update the name. This is an interesting read; a old NYT article about the CT 400 when it was only the CT 400(500) not the CT 400(900 or whaterver it is) today. Then in 2015, the CFPA changed things up and retired the Club. Now you can earn rewards by hiking various lengths of CFPA trails: 200, 400, and 800 miles. I’m okay with the change. 1 Another recent change was the designation of The New England Trail as a National Scenic Trail. This includes the Menunkatuck, Mattabessett, and Metacomet Trails in Connecticut. (It continues north through Massachusetts to New Hampshire for a total of 215 miles.) The Connecticut Forest and Parks Association not only maintains our trails wonderfully, the also fight the good fights with regards to our precious environmental resources in our small state.
    [Show full text]
  • CT Trails Day Weekend Booklet
    Saturday & Sunday JUNE 7 & 8 CONNECTICUT Trails 2014 Day WEEKEND 258 Events Statewide www.ctwoodlands.org Variety - The Spice of CT Trails Day When National Trails Day (NTD) first launched in 1993 by the American Hiking Society (AHS), it focused on Hiking events with the goal to familiarize more people with fun and healthful outdoor recreation. Since then, NTD has evolved to be a greater selection of event types. If you look through this booklet, you’ll see an array of activities that we hope will interest most, or Connecticut’s State even all, of you. Hikes are still common, but even there you can find a range of hike lengths and difficulty. Among other types Parks & Forests of events are Paddles, Bike Rides, Equestrian Rides, Geocach- ing, Letterboxing, Runs, are Waiting Trail Maintenance, Rock Climbing, and a great mix for You of Educational & Nature Walks, which focus on everything from History to Wildlife and other fields in With 139 state parks and forests in between! Events are also Connecticut, you are sure to find fun and aimed at a variety of people adventure no matter where you live. Take from young children to advantage of these resources and participate in one expert adults. of the many CT Trails Day Weekend events happening Check the listings for your local town and other at a state park or forest—PARKING FEES WILL BE nearby towns first, to see WAIVED. The success of this celebration would not if there is an event that be possible without support from the Connecticut interests you.
    [Show full text]
  • Our 50Th Anniversary
    Volume LI, Issue II April to June 2019 Fred Clark, Editor th Our 50 Anniversary President’s Message Spring 2019 This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Connecticut Section of the Green Mountain Club! I look forward to seeing many of you at our Section’s annual dinner and meeting on Saturday, March 30 at the Grange Hall on Wallingford Road in Cheshire, Connecticut. The social hour begins at 5:00 pm with dinner starting at 6:00. The Grange will serve their traditional roast beef or vegetarian lasagna dinner with all the fixings. We expect to be joined by GMC President Tom Candon and GMC Executive Director Mike Debonis. There will be some special recognitions, gifts for everyone who attends, and a raffle for free one-year GMC memberships for any guests who are not currently members of the Club. After dinner and the annual business meeting, adventurer and author Patricia Ellis Herr will make a presentation on her book Up, A Mother and Daughter's Peakbagging Adventure, about hiking New Hampshire’s 4000-footers and other exploits with her daughters. For a preview, you can look up the book on any online bookseller or see Trish’s website at www.trishalexsage.com/. If you haven’t already registered, there’s still time to join us for what is shaping up to be a great event. Contact Activities vice president Dennis Himes by email at: [email protected] and tell him you’d like to attend, or mail him at a check made out to CT GMC to Dennis Himes, 650 Bolton Road, Vernon, CT 06066.
    [Show full text]
  • C H a P L I N Bu
    CHAPLIN 198 6 6 CHAPLIN Plan of Conservation & Development June 2010 2010 Plan of Conservation and Development Acknowledgments The preparation of this plan was financed with a grant from the State of Connecticut Office of Policy and Management. Effective July 1, 2010 Chaplin Planning & Zoning Commission Barry Howard Chair Randy Godaire Vice Chair Eric Beer Secretary David Garceau John Meyer June Rose Virginia Walton Diane Cox Alternate Alan Burdick Alternate Peter Fiansconaro Alternate Town of Chaplin William Rose, IV First Selectman Robert Dubos First Selectman (previous) John Smith Selectman Irene Schein Selectman Scott Matthies Inland Wetlands Chair Juan Sanchez Conservation Chair Technical and Administrative Assistance Jana Butts, AICP Windham Region Council of Governments John D. Pagini, AICP Land Use Planner Paula Stahl, AICP Green Valley Institute Demian Sorrentino, AICP Chaplin Planning and Zoning Agent Susan Westa, AICP Green Valley Institute Cover Design by Renee L. Esordi. To Chaplin Residents, This endeavor has been an opportunity for Chaplin residents to take a fresh look at where we have been and where we are headed. To begin, the Planning and Zoning Commission formed a sub-committee co-chaired by John Meyer and myself. We hired a team of five planning professionals to assist us in the preparation of the plan. The synergy of the group yielded a strong plan representing a broad range of experience and technical expertise. Four visioning workshops were facilitated in the spring of 2009 by Susan Westa and Paula Stahl of the Green Valley Institute. From these events we got a real sense of what our residents like about our community and what they would like to change.
    [Show full text]
  • WALK - 2014 CT Trails Day Weekend Events (June 7 & 8)
    WALK - 2014 CT Trails Day Weekend Events (June 7 & 8) For full event details, see the printed 2014 Connecticut Trails Day Weekend booklet or the online version at www.ctwoodlands.org/CT-TrailsDayWeekend2014. Any events denoted with an asterisk* below are events listed in the online supplement at www.ctwoodlands.org/CT- TrailsDayWeekend2014-SupplementListings. Also check the supplement page for event updates and corrections. Events marked with the Facebook icon in the booklet and Facebook notation in the online supplement will be posting any updates on CFPA’s Facebook page by the morning of their scheduled event. www.facebook.com/CTForestandParkAssociation 1. ANDOVER (Event #1 in the booklet) Educational Walk. Saturday, June 7. 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM. Daniel White’s Black Horse Tavern and Washington- Rochambeau Revolutionary Route (W3R) National Historic Trail. 2. ANSONIA (Event #2 in the booklet) Nature Walk. Saturday, June 7. 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM. Ansonia Nature and Recreation Center/Raptor Woods Trail. 3. ASHFORD (Event #4 in the booklet) Educational Walk. Saturday, June 7. 1:00 PM to 3:30 PM. Old Connecticut Path/Natchaug Trail/Nipmuck Trail. 4. ASHFORD (Event #5 in the booklet) Educational Walk. Sunday, June 8. 1:00 PM to 3:00 PM. Fliegel Farm Woods and Langhammer Woods/Old Connecticut Path. 5. BARKHAMSTED (PLEASANT VALLEY) (Event #7 in the booklet) Educational Walk. Saturday, June 7. 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM. Peoples State Forest. 6. BERLIN (KENSINGTON) (Event #11 in the booklet) Educational Walk. Saturday, June 7. 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM.
    [Show full text]
  • Meshomasic Hiking Club Summer 2021 Schedule of Events
    Meshomasic Hiking Club Summer 2021 Schedule of Events http://meshomasichikingclub.org Ratings: A=very rough terrain, elevation gain over 1000 ft.; B=difficult terrain, elevation gain 500-1000 ft.; C=average terrain, moderate up and down; D=flat, little or no elevation change; E=exploratory, be prepared for anything; P=paddle; R=bike ride; 1=fast; 2=brisk; 3=average; 4=slow FOR THE ENJOYMENT AND SAFETY OF EVERYONE, PLEASE KNOW YOUR LIMITS AND HIKE TO YOUR ABILITY Thursday, July 1, 8:30a - Hurd State Park Thursday, East Hampton: A 3.6-mile loop at a good pace with a fairly steep climb of 300 feet. We complete the loop at 10:30 am. Friendly, well-managed dogs are welcome. Rating: B2. No kids please. Hiking boots only. Bring drinks. Bad weather cancels. Meet at the Hurd Park winter parking lot at the intersection of Route 151 (Middle Haddam Road) and Hurd Park Road at the traffic light. From Route 66 in Cobalt, take Route 151 south for 2.5 miles. RSVP by 06/30 to Alan at 860-510-3870. Friday, July 2, 8:00a - Gulf Road to Leesville Dam, East Hampton: A walk of between 5 and 7 miles down Gulf Road and back. Rating: C2. Kids and well-managed dogs OK. Sneakers are OK. Bring water and snacks. Bad weather cancels. Meet at the Covered Bridge parking lot on Comstock Bridge Road off Route 16 just west of the Salmon River in East Hampton. RSVP by 07/01 to Alan at 860-510-3870. Friday, July 2, 9:00a - Patchogue River Paddle, Westbrook: An exploratory paddle of indeterminant length on the Patchogue River in Westbrook.
    [Show full text]
  • Tough Fight Seen for New Budget
    -J. •.• v4 <"''-... - ■'■-^ '■ ■-• - Tors O^^ jDOjD • • • J t r f Clear tonight; Manchester, Conn. Cloudy Saturday Friday, Sept. 25, 1981 — See page 2 Ulanrbatfr lUrrato 25 Cents Social Security safe jj'JS'll Tough fight seen for new budget WASHINGTON (UPI) - Presi­ “ The president has gone too far in board approach to cutting domestic dent Reagan wants an additional $13 cutting the nondefense portions of programs. “ All programs are to be billion in 1982 budget cuts and the the budget... and the American peo­ slashed, regardless of their worth, departments of Energy and Educa­ ple are going to say 'enough is and the social safety net will soon be tion abolished. But many in enough,’ ” more holes than net," he said, Congress, both Republicans and Said Senate Finance Committee Reagan said his proposed 12 per­ Democrats, predict he is in for a Chairman Bob Dole, R-Kdn.: “ No cent reduction in nondefense fight. one is enthusiastic about facing up budgets would furnish an estimated In a nationally broadcast address to additional budget cuts. We will be $8.4 billion in savings. Thursday night, Reagan pledged to very slow to cut further into the He made good on a campaign stand firm in his determination to nutrition and social program promise by proposing elimination of balance the budget by 1984, and areas.” the Energy and Education proposed a 12 percent spending cut Dole and assistant Senate departments, both of which were for most federal programs and a Republican leader Ted Stevens of created by President Jimmy Carter. stiffening of tax c(^es.
    [Show full text]