Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 06(A), pp. 38805-38807, June, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article PREVALENCE OF CUSP OF CARABELLI IN MADURAI POPULATION Dr R.Saravanan Professor and HOD Department of Pedodontic CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1106.5381 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cusp of carabelli in permanent tooth among children at Madurai population. Received 4th Mrach, 2020 Materials And Methods: Total number 800 patients from three different ethnic groups – Hindu, Received in revised form 25th Islam, Christian were examined clinically and study casts were made. Permanent maxillary first April, 2020 molars were examined for the expression of Carabelli's trait. The occurrence of cusp of carabelli was Accepted 18th May, 2020 assessed by Dahlberg classification system. The data’s were collected and analyzed using SPSS Published online 28th June, 2020 software. Results: Cusp of Carabelli was present in 72% of the study population in maxillary first permanent Key Words: molar. Type 2 and Type 3 was the most frequently expressed and Type 6 was the least frequently Cusp of carabelli, permanent molar, expressed. The prevalence of cusp of carabelli among the ethnic groups was almost same. The Madurai population. expression of trait was bilateral in 60% of the study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of cusp of carabelli among the study population at Madurai was predominant. Copyright © Dr R.Saravanan, 2020, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION Carabelli cusps in comparison to smaller molar crowns which (6) are more likely to display reduced forms of expression . Carabelli described first about the occurrence of cusp of Carabelli trait in 1842 (9). It is a nonfunctioning cusp at MATERIALS AND METHODS mesiopalatal cusp at mesiopalatal line angle in maxillary first This descriptive study was carried out in department of permanent molar (8). It is a morphological variation which Pedodontia at CSI College of dental sciences and research forms the fifth cusp. It can be series of grooves, depressions or Madurai. The study was approved by ethical committee of the pits on the mesial portion of the lingual surface. This cusp of college. A total of 800 patients belonging to different ethnic carabelli is found lingual to the mesiolingual cusp of maxillary groups including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians were first permanent molar, and becomes less prominent in second clinically examined and study models were taken. Permanent and third molars. The etiology is unknown, but it might be due maxillary first molars were examined for presence of cusp of to over activity of dental lamina. A genetic and exogenous Carabelli using an illuminated magnifying glass (×2). The cusp factors influence their formation [12]. The incidence of of Carabelli was identified and scored in accordance with occurrences is more in maxillary permanent first molar and Dahlberg classification system (chart no 1). The patients also rarely seen in primary second molars(10). But one study have signed the informed consent. Duration of the study was contradicts that this trait is more in primary molars(15). The cusp five months .The oral examinations were performed on the is usually bilateral in occurrence. The frequency of occurrence dental chair under chair light for proper visual clarity. The is high in Europeans than in Asians. Males are more commonly tooth was air dried before each assessment. Impressions were affected than females at the ratio1.2:1 [4]. .It is separated from taken for each patient using alginate and cast was poured on mesiopalatal cusp by a groove which is also named as cusp of dental stone. The presence and absence of cusp of carabelli on carabelli groove . The cusp of carabelli is a heritable feature. It both maxillary first and second molars for both males and has also significance in clinical dentistry that is useful in females were recorded. Any tooth cusps compromised by forensic, anthropological and ethnic studies (13,7). .One study dental caries, attrition or any other factors were excluded from proposed that in individuals with the genotype for Carabelli the study. Eight hundred patients were examined of which 416 trait expression, larger molar crowns are more likely to display were males and 384 females. The study also analyzed the presences of unilateral and bilateral occurrence of cusp of *Corresponding author: Dr R.Saravanan Professor and HOD Department of Pedodontic CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 06(A), pp. 38805-38807, June, 2020 Carabelli for both sexes. Each patient was examined by single Table 4 distribution of quadrant examiners. The trait was scored either presence or absences Valid Cumulative Frequency Percent which in turn were scored according to Dahlberg Percent Percent (3) classification .The data was collected and tabled. 224 28.0 28.0 28.0 BOTH 480 60.0 60.0 88.0 Chart 1 Dahlberg Classification Valid LEFT 32 4.0 4.0 92.0 RIGHT 64 8.0 8.0 100.0 Total 800 100.0 100.0 Table 5 Frequency of Types of Cusp of Carabelli Type-Right Hindus Muslims Christians Side 1 62 10 0 2 96 28 84 3 20 108 92 4 10 34 12 5 6 0 0 6 6 20 12 Table 6 Frequency of Types of Cusp of Carabelli Statistical Analysis: The data’s obtained were analyzed using Type-Leftside Hindus Muslims Christians 1 62 10 0 SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically 2 96 28 44 significant. 3 20 108 92 4 10 34 52 RESULT 5 6 0 0 6 6 20 12 The patients examined with the presences of cusp was taken as present .When the observed tooth does not express the cusp it DISCUSSION was considered as absent. When the observed tooth lacks cusp Cusp of carabelli is an accessory cusp involving enamel, of carabelli on one tooth and unidentifiable on another, the trait dentine and with or without pulpal involvement.PAX, MSX is finally classified as unidentifiable. The presences of cusp of (12) gene play a vital role in their formation .The cusp represents carabelli was 52% in males and 48% in females (table no adaptation in buccolingual aspect which fades out during aging. 1).The occurrences of cusp among the ethnic groups were more The functional aspect was that it bears biomechanical stress by or less equally distributed (table no 2).The prevalence of cusp broadening the occlusal table (3). The groove separating the of carabelli averaged to nearly 72% (table no 3).Of that type 2 cusp may be prone to caries . and 3 are more common and type 5 is least predominant (table 5,6).The occurrences of cusp of carabelli shows bilateral This study was carried out in patients who reported at CSI distribution (60%) according to (table 4). College of Dental Sciences and Research at Madurai.It reveals that the trait of cusp of carabelli trait are more prevalent(14) .But Table 1 Distribution of Sex the degree of prevalence varies from one ethnic group to Cumulative 16 Frequency Percent Valid Percent another( Townsend and brown 1981). This difference in result Percent may be due to difference in method of assessment of cusp of Christian 256 32.0 32.0 32.0 carabelli nor may be due to genetic influence(Baume and Hindu 288 36.0 36.0 68.0 Valid Musulim 256 32.0 32.0 100.0 Crawford). The result of our study contradicts that prevalence Total 800 100.0 100.0 of cusp of carabelli are more or less same among the three different ethnic groups. But there was a slight predominance Table 2 Distribution of Religion among Hindu (statistically insignificant). Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent The study of Carabelli's trait on dental casts is more reliable Christian 256 32.0 32.0 32.0 than direct clinical examinations .The occurrence of cusp of Hindu 288 36.0 36.0 68.0 Valid carabelli made based on clinical decisions and more over visual Musulim 256 32.0 32.0 100.0 access is restricted in the oral cavity. More over the quality and Total 800 100.0 100.0 [1,11] direction of the light can be critical factors .Thus, Table 3 Prevelance of Cusp of Carabelli examination through dental casts was considered to be superior Cumulative than clinical method of examination. However, it is essential Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent that the dental casts are a true and accurate reproduction of the NO 224 28.0 28.0 28.0 original teeth provided that they have not been damaged during Valid YES 576 72.0 72.0 100.0 preparation or storage. Total 800 100.0 100.0 The current study has shown that cusp of Carabelli has equal predominance between males and females; this finding is similar to Subedi et al study that had found 49.7% for males and 50.3% for females. The prevalence of cusp of carabelli was similar to several previous studies(2,13) . Of that type 2 (26%) and type3 (27%) are more predominate. And type5 (1%) are 38806 | P a g e Dr R.Saravanan., Prevalence of Cusp of Carabelli in Madurai Population least predominate. Regarding the presence of the cusp whether 6. Hunter JP, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Weston TC, Durner R, bilaterally and unilaterally, this study is in accordance with Betsinger TK (2010) Model of tooth morphogenesis other former studies (13) .