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Community Development: Applications for Leisure, Sport, and Tourism Community Development Applications for Leisure, Sport, and Tourism EDITED BY Erin Sharpe, Heather Mair, and Felice Yuen http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR LEISURE, SPORT, AND TOURISM http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR LEISURE, SPORT, AND TOURISM EDITED BY ERIN SHARPE, HEATHER MAIR, AND FELICE YUEN VENTURE PUBLISHING, INC. STATE COLLEGE, PA http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf Copyright © 2016 Venture Publishing, Inc. 1807 N. Federal Dr. Urbana, IL 61801 1-800-359-5940 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. Cover Design by StepUp Communications, Inc. Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 2016943210 ISBN-10: 1-939476-10-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-939476-10-4 ISBN ebook: 978-1-57167-824-9 http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf TO FERN, A STEADY FORCE FULL OF WIT AND KINDNESS. http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................................ix Karen Fox Part A: Guiding Principles and Theoretical Frameworks .............................................1 Chapter 1 Community Development in Leisure: Laying the Foundations .....................................................................3 Erin Sharpe, Felice Yuen, and Heather Mair Chapter 2 Community Capacity ......................................................................................................................................15 David Matarrita-Cascante and Michael Edwards Chapter 3 Fostering Inclusion and Belonging ................................................................................................................27 Colleen Whyte and Erin Sharpe Chapter 4 Understanding and Enhancing Citizen Power ..............................................................................................39 Karen Gallant and Erin Sharpe Chapter 5 Social Capital: The Value of Social Networks in Community ......................................................................51 Troy D. Glover Chapter 6 Space, Place, and Community Development .................................................................................................61 Amanda Johnson and Felice Yuen Part B: Community Development Practice ................................................................71 Chapter 7 Community Development Planning Processes: From Understanding to Mobilizing to Sustaining .........73 Heather Mair and Donald G. Reid Chapter 8 Leadership Roles and Group Facilitation Skills for Community Development .........................................85 Alan Warner and John Colton Chapter 9 Working Through Difference: Acknowledging Power, Privilege, and the Roots of Oppression .............101 Stephen Lewis, Rasul Mowatt, and Felice Yuen http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf Chapter 10 Community-Based Research: Engaging Citizens in Creating Change ......................................................119 Peggy Hutchison, John Lord, and Theron Kramer Chapter 11 Community Organizing ................................................................................................................................131 Rudy Dunlap and Heather Mair Chapter 12 Compassionate Pedagogy for Reflexive Community Practices ..................................................................143 Susan (Sue) M. Arai and Halyna Tepylo Part C: Contemporary Context and Future Directions ............................................155 Chapter 13 Recreation, Development, and Youth ..........................................................................................................157 Brett D. Lashua Chapter 14 Sport in the Community: An Overview and Assessment of ‘Sport for Development and Peace’ ...........171 Simon C. Darnell Chapter 15 Community Development and Economic Development: What Is the Relationship? ..............................183 Rhonda Phillips Chapter 16 Tourism and Community Empowerment: The Case of a Tanzanian Maasai Community ......................193 Christine Buzinde and Heather Mair Chapter 17 An Emergent Case Study of INTERactive: Promoting Intercultural Understanding Using Physical Activity as the Tool .........................................................................................................................201 Paula Carr and Wendy Frisby Chapter 18 Marginalization, Inclusion, and Community Development: What This Means for Women Who Have Spent Time in Prison .....................................................................................................................................211 Darla Fortune Chapter 19 The Past and Future of Community Development Through Leisure ........................................................223 Alison Pedlar Author Bios ....................................................................................................................................................233 Index ...............................................................................................................................................................237 http://www.sagamorepub.com/products/community-development-applications-leisure-sport-and-tourism?src=lipdf FOREWORD By Karen Fox This book sits within a North American tradition affect the dynamics of community, recreation, and beginning in the 1800s that connected recreation with development (Turnbull, 2003). community development. With industrialization came In a world of diversity and fluidity, the challenge individuals and groups, such as George Williams and for leisure/recreation practitioners and scholars the Young Men’s Christian Association (1844), the becomes more complex and potentially exciting if we Massachusetts Emergency and Hygiene Association can become comfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. (1885), Jane Addams and the Hull House (1894), and The term ‘community development’ in a globalized and the Playground Association of America (1906). All of diverse world is problematic and carries with it a history these “founders” were recreation practitioners. Scholars of colonialism, Western expansion and hegemony, and since then have understood the potential of recreation neoliberal agendas in addition to being situated in a to contribute to individual and societal well-being changing contentious world with nation-states and while inculcating dominant societal norms including minority groups struggling over control. This volume religious participation, protection and nourishment of initiates a discussion about the ways leisure, sport, and children, health, nationalism, productive citizenship tourism might conceptualize the relationship with and labor, and responsible work practices. community development. The volume builds upon While these aims and relationships are important, existing research and programs, extends or reframes less space in traditional scholarship has been devoted theoretical approaches, questions, and posits alternative to understanding how leisure may, in fact, undermine— frameworks for playing with the intersection of com- even harm—community development. Peukert (1987) munity development, leisure, sport, and tourism. Its wrote about everyday life in Germany under Hitler. strength and relevance comes from the authors’ will- His social history suggested leisure was the focus of ingness to seriously and playfully explore the limits, controlling Germans through outlawing “deviant lei- implications, and variations of community development sures” and framing organizations such as the “Brown relevant for recreation and leisure studies as well as Shirts” (an organization similar to the Boy and Girl construct alternative spaces for leisure practices. Scouts) to report on other citizens, especially Jews. Whether it is reconceiving planning as a ‘human arena’ Although an extreme example, leisure and recreation potentially facilitating how an individual comes to historically were used to support dominant and nor- understand the self and communities, an exploration mative governmental practices and reify racial distinc- of how whiteness and privilege color community tions and fragment Indigenous cultures worldwide. development and recreation, conceiving of a compas- Framing the social world as a binary of leisure and sionate pedagogy for community and recreation work closes the spatialization of leisure spaces to the facilitation, or returning to young adult literature and range of contradictory, paradoxical, and harmful as storytelling for
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