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A Checklist of the Millipedes (Diplopoda) of Cambodia

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Zootaxa 3973 (1): 175–184 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60AB9881-B748-4A32-8800-5EEB489EE535 A checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Cambodia NATDANAI LIKHITRAKARN1, SERGEI I. GOLOVATCH2,4 & SOMSAK PANHA3,4 1Division of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand 2Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia 3Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4Corresponding authors. E-mail: Somsak Panha ([email protected]); Sergei I. Golovatch ([email protected]) Abstract At the present, the millipede fauna of Cambodia comprises only 19 species from 15 genera, 12 families and 8 orders. These counts certainly represent but a minor fraction of the country’s real diversity of Diplopoda even at the ordinal level, let alone at lower ones. Based on the available information from the adjacent parts of China, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and/or Laos, the orders Glomerida, Platydesmida, Polyzoniida, Callipodida and Chordeumatida must occur in Cambodia, maybe also Stemmiulida and Siphonocryptida, but none has been recorded there yet. This shows that a lot more collecting effort is required to amass a representative material of Diplopoda of Cambodia to make it available for study. Key words: millipede, taxonomy, fauna, Cambodia Introduction The Kingdom of Cambodia is a tropical country found on the peninsula of mainland Southeast Asia adjacent to the gulf of Thailand with a land area of 181,035 km2. Cambodia has a coastline of 435 km, and its land border of 2,438 km runs along Thailand to the west, Vietnam to the east and Laos PDR to the north (Map 1) (Kingdom of Cambodia 2010). The climate of Cambodia is tropical, dominated by the annual monsoon cycle, which is accompanied by alternating wet and dry seasons. Cambodia is considered a high forest cover country: in 2006, 59% of the country was covered by forest (Technical Working Group on Forestry & Environment 2007). The country also contains the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, the Tonle Sap Lake. In terms of biodiversity, the country is believed to have over 130 mammal and more than 500 bird species. Some 300 species of freshwater fish have been identified, of which 215 are in the Tonle Sap (ADB 2000). Studies on the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Cambodia started with descriptions or records of 13 species contained in the works of Attems (1938, 1953), based on the collections made by staff of the Paris Museum during the 1930s in French Indochina. These two papers still remain the cornerstones of our knowledge of the Myriapoda of Indochina east of Thailand (Likhitrakarn et al. 2014a). As a result, at the present the fauna contains at least 19 species, one of them (Glomeridesmus sp.) yet requiring a closer identification. Cambodia remains the only country of Indochina which still lacks a comprehensive millipede checklist (cf. Enghoff et al. 2004; Enghoff 2005; Likhitrakarn et al. 2014a). To promote further studies on the Diplopoda of that country, as well as to pinpoint the existing shortcomings, the following catalogue is provided. A complete bibliography list relevant to the Cambodian fauna is also compiled. Material and methods The present paper is a conventional checklist restricted to the Diplopoda documented from Cambodia. In the catalogue sections, D stands for the original description, subsequent descriptive notes or appearance in a key, R for a subsequent record or records and M for a mere mention. A reference to the original description is always given, Accepted by W. Shear: 26 Mar. 2015; published: 16 Jun. 2015 175 regardless if this concerns the fauna of Cambodia or not. The new material collected by members of the Animal Systematics Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University in February 2015 is now housed in the Museum of Zoology, Chulalongkorn University (CUMZ), Bangkok, Thailand. The French or German locality names quoted in Attems (1938, 1953) and Demange (1961) can be updated in the following tabular form: Angkor = Siem Reap Province, Angkor, 13°22′0.84″N, 103°51′46.8″E Angkor Vat = Siem Reap Province, Angkor Vat, 13°24′45″N, 103°52′0″E Berg Cardamon = Koh Kong Province, Cardamon Mountains Bokoz, Bokkor = Kampot Province, Phnom Bokor Kampong Speu = Kampong Speu Province, Kampong Speu Kampot = Kampot Province, Kampot Kratiée (Makong) = Kratié Province, Kratié Massif de l’Eléphant (Elephant Mountain) = Kampot Province, Dâmrei Mountains Réam = Sihanoukville Province, Ream Sre Umbell = Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel MAP. Distribution of millipedes in Cambodia (18 species): 1 National highway 5 bridge near Serei Sophorn River. 2 Angkor Vat. 3 Angkor. 4 Kratié. 5 Cardamon Mountains. 6 Kampong Speu. 7 Kien Krol G Cave. 8 Sre Ambel. 9 Phnom Bokor. 10 Ream. 11 Dâmrei Mountains. 12 near Kampong Trach. 13 Southeast part of Koh Tang. 176 · Zootaxa 3973 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press LIKHITRAKARN ET AL. Systematic part Order Polyxenida Family Polyxenidae Genus Alloproctoides Marquet & Condé, 1950 1. Alloproctoides dawydoffi (Attems, 1938) Monographis kraepelini dawydoffi Attems, 1938: 321 (D). Monographis kraepelini dawydoffi—Attems, 1953: 153 (R). Alloproctoides dawydoffi Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé, 1967: 55 (D), 1982: 109 (D); Golovatch, 1983: 185 (M); Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Geoffroy, 2003: 97 (M); Enghoff et al., 2004: 30 (R). Record from Cambodia: Kampot Province, Phnom Bokor (Attems 1953). Also known from Vietnam (Attems 1938) and Atoll Tizard (= Spratly Archipelago) (Attems 1953). Order Sphaerotheriida Family Zephroniidae Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 2. Zephronia dawydoffi Attems, 1953 Zephronia dawydoffi Attems, 1953: 156 (D). Zephronia dawydoffi—Jeekel, 2001a: 18 (R). Zephronia cambodjana Attems, 1953: Tafel III (D). Records from Cambodia: Sihanoukville Province, Ream; Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel; Kampot Province, Kampot; Kampong Speu Province, Kampong Speu (Attems 1953). Endemic to Cambodia. Remark. The figure caption to Zephronia dawydoffi in Attems (1953) contains a misprint reading Zephronia cambodjana. Order Glomeridesmida Family Glomeridesmidae Genus Glomeridesmus Gervais, 1844 3. Glomeridesmus sp. Glomeridesmus sp.—Shelley, 2011: 3 (M). Record from Cambodia: Kampot Province, Phnom Laang, Kien Krol G Cave (Shelley 2011). Remark. Unidentified Glomeridesmus species have also been reported from Eastern Malaysia, Island of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Oceania, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia (Shelley 2011). Order Siphonophorida Family Siphonorhinidae Genus Siphonorhinus Pocock, 1984 MILLIPEDES OF CAMBODIA Zootaxa 3973 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 177 4. Siphonorhinus coniceps (Attems, 1936) Siphonophora coniceps Attems, 1936: 314 (D). Indiozonium coniceps—Verhoeff, 1941: 215 (M). Siphonorhinus coniceps—Carl, 1941a: 573 (M); Jeekel, 2001b: 47 (R). Pterozonium coniceps—Attems, 1951: 231 (M), 1953: 198 (D, R). Zinaceps coniceps—Chamberlin & Wang, 1953: 13 (M). Record from Cambodia: Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel (Attems 1953). Also known from India (Attems 1936). Family Siphonophoridae Genus Siphonacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 5. Siphonacme dawydoffi (Attems, 1938) Siphonophora dawydoffi Attems, 1938: 311 (D). Annamnium dawydoffi—Verhoeff, 1941: 217 (D); Golovatch, 1983: 185 (M). Siphonacme dawydoffi—Attems, 1951: 226 (M); 1953: 198 (R); Jeekel, 2001b: 53 (R); Enghoff et al., 2004: 33 (R). Record from Cambodia: Kampot Province, Phnom Bokor (Attems 1938). Also known from Vietnam (Attems 1938) and Laos (Attems 1953). Order Julida Family Julidae Genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 6. Nepalmatoiulus crassus (Attems, 1938) Fusiulus crassus Attems, 1938: 251 (D). Fusiulus crassus—Attems, 1953: 195 (R). “Anaulaciulus” crassus Golovatch, 1983: 182 (M). Nepalmatoiulus crassus Enghoff, 1987: 304 (D); Enghoff et al., 2004: 33 (R). Record from Cambodia: Kratié Province, Kratié (Attems 1953). Also known from Vietnam and Laos (Attems 1938, 1953). Remarks. This species, also reported from Pic de Lang Biang (2,400 m a.s.l.), Champasak Province, Xieng Kuang (1,500 m a.s.l.), Xiang Khouang Province and Lung Prabang, Luang Prabang Province, Laos (Attems 1953), was inadvertently omitted from the diplopod checklist of Laos by Likhitrakarn et al. (2014a). Order Spirobolida Family Pachybolidae Genus Aulacobolus Pocock, 1903 7. Aulacobolus rubropunctatus Attems, 1938 Aulacobolus rubropunctatus Attems, 1938: 261 (D). Atopochetus rubrodorsalis Attems, 1953: 191 (D). Aulacobolus rubropunctatus—Hoffman, 1962: 777 (D); Jeekel, 2001c: 50 (R). Atopochetus rubrodorsalis—Jeekel, 1971: 193 (M). Records from Cambodia: Sihanoukville Province, Ream (Attems 1938, 1953); Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel and 178 · Zootaxa 3973 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press LIKHITRAKARN ET AL. Gulf of Thailand (= near the sea in Cambodia) (Attems 1953). Also known from Vietnam (Attems 1953). Family Trigoniulidae Genus Trigoniulus Pocock, 1894 8. Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais, 1847) Iulus corallinus Gervais, 1847: 275 (D). Trigoniulus corallinus Hoffman, 1994: 20 (M). Trigoniulus corallinus—Jeekel, 2001c: 72 (R); Enghoff et al., 2004: 35 (R); Enghoff, 2005: 90 (R). New material: 2 males, 2 females (CUMZ), Cambodia, Banteay Meanchey Province, Sisophon, National highway 5 bridge near Serei Sophorn River, 13°24′48.2″N, 102°55′26.1″E, 22 m a.s.l.,
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    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.25.441377; this version posted April 26, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. A new paradoxosomatid millipede, Manikidesmus suriensis (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from West Bengal, India. Somnath Bhakat Dept. of Zoology, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat-731224, Dist. Birbhum, W. B., India. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4926-2496 Abstract A new genus and species of the family Paradoxosomatidae from southern part of West Bengal, India is described. The new genus Manikidesmus gen. n. is diagnosed by combination of following characters: reduced paranota, distinct pleural keel, unpaired sternal lamella on 5th sternite, prefemur with setal brush, setal brush on tibia and tarsus in male, lamina medialis long straight with a curved hook, expanded post femoral lamina with a spine and tibiotarsus with a spine on the distofemoral process. The genus is distinguished from its Indian congeners by one or more diagnosed characters. In Manikidesmus suriensis, sp. n. tibia and tarsus bear setal brush in male (vs. absent in Oxidus and Chondromorpha), gonopod femur short, flat and without post femoral demarcation (vs. long, thin cylindrical with post femoral demarcation in Polydrepanum and Orthomorpha), tibiotarsus of gonopod long and a spine on the distofemoral process (vs. short and without spine in Anoplodesmus). In Kronopolites, coxa of gonopod densely bristled, collum with two rows of long bristles, femur long, slender and with a spine.
  • Millipede (Diplopoda) Distributions: a Review

    Millipede (Diplopoda) Distributions: a Review

    SOIL ORGANISMS Volume 81 (3) 2009 pp. 565–597 ISSN: 1864 - 6417 Millipede (Diplopoda) distributions: A review Sergei I. Golovatch 1* & R. Desmond Kime 2 1 Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 La Fontaine, 24300 La Chapelle Montmoreau, France; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract In spite of the basic morphological and ecological monotony, integrity and conservatism expressed through only a small number of morphotypes and life forms in Diplopoda, among which the juloid morphotype and the stratobiont life form are dominant, most of the recent orders constituting this class of terrestrial Arthropoda are in a highly active stage of evolution. This has allowed the colonisation by some millipedes of a number of derivative, often extreme and adverse environments differing from the basic habitat, i.e. the floor of temperate (especially nemoral), subtropical or tropical forests (in particular, humid ones). Such are the marine littoral, freshwater habitats, deserts, zonal tundra, high mountains, caves, deeper soil, epiphytes, the bark of trees, tree canopies, ant, termite and bird nests. Most of such difficult environments are only marginally populated by diplopods, but caves and high altitudes are often full of them. To make the conquest of ecological deviations easier and the distribution ranges usually greater, some millipedes show parthenogenesis, periodomorphosis or morphism. Very few millipede species demonstrate vast natural distributions. Most have highly restricted ranges, frequently being local endemics of a single cave, mountain, valley or island. This contrasts with the remarkable overall diversity of the Diplopoda currently estimated as exceeding 80 000 species, mostly confined to tropical countries.