I Changed My Mind a Study of Product Returns; How They Can Be Managed to Create Opportunities and Lower Costs
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HÖGSKOLAN I KALMAR I changed my mind A study of product returns; how they can be managed to create opportunities and lower costs Annika Lenart Spring semester 2008 This study has been made as a basis for a master thesis and has been supervised by Dr. Joachim Timlon. Note that none of the data in this report is to be reprinted, reproduced or copied without the author’s written permission. - I Changed My Mind - ABSTRACT “I changed my mind” is a case study aimed at investigating returns. Returns are often negative occurrences and can be seen as the last “block” in a supply chain. However, what this study shows is that a return is a great source for customer profiling and can lead to an increase in market shares if managed correctly. Many companies go about investigating satisfied customers and what aspects these customers are satisfied with. Instead this research focuses on finding out what dissatisfied customer feel and why they decided to return a specific product. Investigations are also made concerning the internal processes to manage product returns and if they can be improved at the case company (thereby lowering costs). This study shows how interrelated the supply chain is and illustrates how product returns can be lowered by changing the input in the supply chain. Reputation is a fragile thing and can be hurt from mismanagement related to returns and therefore I feel that it is important to study this phenomenon which is not often brought into light but nonetheless exits in almost every company (that offers returnable products). Enjoy your reading and see how your company can prevent your customers from changing their minds. Stockholm Spring 2008 Annika Lenart 2 - I Changed My Mind - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to Alfa for letting me investigate their organization in depth and for all their engagement and help, especially to the process manager for guiding me through the organization and for his patience. I also want to thank Beta and Omega who has found time to go through their involvement in the returns process and found my work interesting for which I am grateful. I want to thank my family; my mother, father and sister, for their patience through this process, for listening, being there and for all their support. An extra thanks to my grandparents and their support all the way from Poland. I want to thank my professor, Dr. Timlon, for guiding me through the process and believing in my abilities to solve problems that came up during my writing. I also want to thank Åsa Sjöblom for her support and her help at BBS, for making it possible for me to graduate in spring 2008. Stockholm, 2008 3 - I Changed My Mind - Title I changed my mind: A study of product returns; how they can be managed to create opportunities and lower costs Author Annika Lenart Supervisor Joachim Timlon Course Marketing 61-80 credits, Spring semester 2008 Aim The aim with researching this case is to give companies a better understanding of what returns management is and how it can strategically fit into their organization to exploit opportunities and lower costs. Methodology A systematic combining approach has been used to best present the case of Alpha. Conclusion Companies should investigate how the function of returns management works currently at their firm to identify possibilities to cut costs. Further, returns customers should be interviewed to understand opportunities to improve capabilities and use of resources. Finally communication and transparency should be encouraged to execute above tasks. Key concepts Returns Management, Reveres supply chain management, Customer needs, Consumer buying behavior, Resources, Capabilities, Opportunities, and Costs. 4 - I Changed My Mind - TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Table of Figures....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Problematization .............................................................................................................................................10 1.3 Research problem ....................................................................................................................................................16 1.4 Purpose.........................................................................................................................................................................17 1.5 Disposition ..................................................................................................................................................................18 2. Methodology..................................................................................................................................................................19 2.1 The research strategy.............................................................................................................................................19 2.2 Systematic combining.............................................................................................................................................20 2.3 The research process ..............................................................................................................................................21 2.4 Sources of evidence .................................................................................................................................................24 2.5 Validity & Reliability ...............................................................................................................................................26 3. The Theoretical “How to”.........................................................................................................................................29 3.1 Managing Product returns....................................................................................................................................29 3.1.1 The Strategic Sub-Processes ............................................................................................................................31 3.1.2 The operational sub-processes .......................................................................................................................36 3.2 The consumer dimension......................................................................................................................................39 3.2.1 Consumer buying behavior...........................................................................................................................40 3.2.1 Factors affecting the decision process .....................................................................................................41 3.3 Resources and capabilities ...................................................................................................................................43 3.4 Synthesis ......................................................................................................................................................................47 4. Case study: Returns management at Alpha...........................................................................................................50 4.1 Internal processes for product returns...........................................................................................................51 4.1.1 Alpha: main office .............................................................................................................................................51 4.1.2 BETA: Customer service.................................................................................................................................56 5 - I Changed My Mind - 4.1.3 The Warehouse & their tasks.......................................................................................................................59 4.2 Why did consumer’s change their minds .......................................................................................................63 4.2.1 Buying the product...........................................................................................................................................63 4.2.2 Choosing Alpha ..................................................................................................................................................64 4.2.3 Purchasing and interacting...........................................................................................................................64 4.2.4 The aftermath – post-purchase evaluation ............................................................................................65