DOCSLIB.ORG

Representing and Reasoning About Changing Spatial Extensions of Geographic Features

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Representing and Reasoning About Changing Spatial Extensions of Geographic Features Representing and Reasoning about Changing Spatial Extensions of Geographic Features by Claudio Elizio Calazans Campelo Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Computing July 2013 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly authored publications has been included. The contri- bution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated below. The candidate confirms that appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. Some parts of the work presented in this thesis have been published in the following articles. In each case, details are given on the contributions by the other authors and me, as well as details about the chapters which these articles were used within are mentioned. Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. “Representing and Reasoning about Changing Spatial Exten- sions of Geographic Features.”, Proceedings of the Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2013), edited by T. Tenbrink, J. Stell and Z. Wood, LNCS 8116, pp. 3352, Springer International Publishing, 2013. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Implemented the system proto- type. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper; discussion on the develop- ment of the formalism. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 4 refers to the logical framework for representing events and processes. Chapter 5 presents the system prototype. Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. “Towards a Comprehensive Framework for Representing and Reasoning about Geographic Phenomena.”, Proceedings of International Workshop: Spatio-temporal Theories and Research for Environmental, Urban and Social Sciences: Where Do We Stand?, held in conjunction with the Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2013). My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 4 refers to the logical framework for representing geographic phenomena. Chapter 5 presents the system prototype. Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. “Knowledge Representation of Geographic Phenomena.”, Mehdi Khosrow-Pour (Editor), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition, IGI Global Publishing. In Press. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Other author contributions: Overall checking of the paper. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 2 contains part of the discussion given in this book chapter for background. 2 Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. and Dimitrova V., “From Polygons and Timestamps to Dy- namic Geographic Features: Grounding a Spatio-temporal Geo-ontology.”, Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Semantic and Conceptual Issues in GIS (SeCoGIS 2012), held in conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Conceptual Model- ing (ER 2012). S. Castano et al.(Eds.): ER Workshops 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 7518, pp. 251–260, Springer, Florence, Italy, 2012. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 3 describes in more detail the approach to repre- senting spatio-temporal data and to modelling geographic features. Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. and Dimitrova V., “Identifying Geographic Events and Pro- cesses in Spatio-temporal Data.” Proceedings of the 6th Starting Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium (STAIRS), held in conjunction with the 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). Montpellier, France, 2012. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Implemented the system propo- type. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper; Discussion on the develop- ment of the representational approach. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 4 refers to the approach to representing spatial changes, events and processes. Chapter 5 presents the system prototype. Campelo, C. E. C. and Bennett, B., “Geographical Processes Representation: Issues and Challenges.”, Towards Universal Ontology of Geographic Space, IGI Global Publishing, Tomaz Podobnikar (Editor), 2012. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Other author contributions: Overall checking of the paper. Chapters based upon work: Chapter 2 contains part of the discussion given in this book chapter for background. Campelo, C. E. C. and Bennett, B., “Applying Standpoint Semantics to Determine Geographi- cal Processes Instances”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Identifying Objects, Processes, and Events in Spatio-Temporally Distributed Data (IOPE), held at The Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT’11), Belfast, Maine, USA, 2011. My contributions: Principal author, wrote all sections. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper; discussion on the develop- ment of the approach to handling vagueness; Checking of definitions. Chapters based upon work: The approach presented in this paper to hangling temporal 3 vagueness is a preliminary version of the approach presented in chapter 4. Campelo, C. E. C., Bennett, B. and Dimitrova V., “Identifying Geographical Processes from Time-stamped Data.”, GeoSpatial Semantics: Proceedings of the 4th International Con- ference (GeoS 2011), edited by C. Claramunt, S. Levashkin and M. Bertolotto, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6631 , pp 70-87, Springer, Brest, France, 2011. My contributions: Principal author, wrote most sections. Other author contributions: Overall wording of the paper; discussion on the devel- opment of the approach to representing spatio-temporal data; Checking of definitions; Section 5.2 (with some input from myself). Chapters based upon work: This paper presents a preliminary version of the approach presented in chapter 3 to representing spatio-temporal data. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. c 2013 The University of Leeds and Claudio Elizio Calazans Campelo. The right of Claudio Elizio Calazans Campelo to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 4 Abstract This thesis presents a novel approach to representing and reasoning about geographic phenomena which can be interpreted based on changes affecting spatial extensions of geographic features. Of particular interest in this work are geographic features whose extensions can be described as 2-dimensional regions corresponding to portions of the earth surface under a specified projection, such as deserts, forests and oceans. The work resulted in the development of a logical framework for representing ge- ographic events and processes. In developing such a framework, issues have been ad- dressed regarding the relationship between these concepts and also between them and geographic features. Other crucial issues are how to define the relation between event and process types and their particular instances, and how to handle different kinds of vagueness to associate specific spatial and temporal boundaries with those instances. Of particular interest in this work is the development of a method of explicitly linking the formalism to spatio-temporal data. This requires work at multiple levels, both in consideration of how the data can be represented and in regards of how primitive elements of the logical framework can be defined. Although data can be regarded as a faithful reproduction of physical elements of the world, some conceptual elements are not always explicitly represented within data. For that reason, a logic-based approach to representing spatio-temporal geographic data was also developed and is presented in this thesis. Representing the data in a logical fashion allows implicit data to be derived by means of logical inferences, and provides a natu- ral way of explicitly connecting the data to a semantic-based formalism. Derived data may include spatial extensions of geographic features at different times, based on exist- ing data describing, for example, portions of the earth’s surface associated with different observable properties. Furthermore, a system has been implemented to evaluate the applicability of the pro- posed theory. The system takes time-stamped topographic data as an input and allows logical queries to be formulated about the data, returning textual and graphical informa- tion on geographic events, processes, and features which participate in them. i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr. Brandon Bennett and Dr. Vania Dimitrova, for all their support and guidance throughout the course of this PhD. I would like to thank CAPES for providing financial funding for this PhD. I would like to thank my viva examiners, Dr. Antony Galton and Dr. Anthony Cohn, for all their valuable comments on my work. I would like to thank my transfer examiner, Dr. John Stell, for his important feedback on my work. I would like to thank the members of the KRR group for all their comments on my work. I would like to thank other students and staffs of the School of Computing who gave any kind of feedback on my work. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of the papers I have submitted for publication, for their comments and suggestions. I would like to thank the School’s administrative staffs for all the assistance provided. Special thanks go to Judi, George, Charlotte,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Show Guideguide Web Searching for GIS Services and Web Mapping Have Been Either Published Or an Introduction Adopted by OGC
    showshow guideguide Web searching for GIS services and Web Mapping have been either published or An Introduction adopted by OGC. Who are OGC’s members? to OpenGIS There are three main levels of OGC membership: Principal, Technical and By Adam Gawne-Cain and Chris Holcroft Associate. The higher membership levels confer more voting rights. There are now OpenGIS is the activity pursued by the Open GIS over 300 members featuring 20 Principal members and 25 Technical members from Consortium (OGC). OpenGIS seeks to achieve around the globe. transparent access to disparate geo-data and geo- The membership of OGC is impressively processing resources in a networked environment by broad. Most major GIS companies are members, along with database companies, providing a rich suite of open interface specifications. operating system companies, national mapping agencies, large government These interface specifications will enable GIS developers departments, universities and research to create inter-operable components that provide this institutes. The membership is international, but mainly focused in North transparency. America and Europe. The difference between OpenGIS and A second advantage of OGC’s interface- How does OGC make Interface previous attempts to standardise GIS is based approach is that users can be sure Specifications? that OGC agrees interfaces, and not that they are looking at genuine, live data, Every two months, the OGC Technical neutral file formats. The problem with and not at a static file generated some time Committee (TC) and Management neutral file formats (e.g. SDTS or NTF) in the past. Committee (MC) meet for a week. was that specifications grew so complex The meetings are held in different that each GIS could only support a sub-set A third, practical advantage of interfaces locations around the world, hosted by one of the format.
    [Show full text]
  • Cityjson: a Compact and Easy-To-Use Encoding of the Citygml Data Model
    CityJSON: A compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model Hugo Ledoux Ken Arroyo Ohori Kavisha Kumar Balazs´ Dukai Anna Labetski Stelios Vitalis This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here only for personal use, not for redistribution and not for commercial use. The definitive version will be published in the journal Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards soon. H. Ledoux, K. Arroyo Ohori, K. Kumar, B. Dukai, A. Labetski, and S. Vitalis (2018). CityJ- SON: A compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards, In Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40965-019-0064-0 Full details of the project: https://cityjson.org The international standard CityGML is both a data model and an exchange for- mat to store digital 3D models of cities. While the data model is used by several cities, companies, and governments, in this paper we argue that its XML-based ex- change format has several drawbacks. These drawbacks mean that it is difficult for developers to implement parsers for CityGML, and that practitioners have, as a con- sequence, to convert their data to other formats if they want to exchange them with others. We present CityJSON, a new JSON-based exchange format for the CityGML data model (version 2.0.0). CityJSON was designed with programmers in mind, so that software and APIs supporting it can be quickly built. It was also designed to be compact (a compression factor of around six with real-world datasets), and to be friendly for web and mobile development.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding and Working with the OGC Geopackage Keith Ryden Lance Shipman Introduction
    Understanding and Working with the OGC Geopackage Keith Ryden Lance Shipman Introduction - Introduction to Simple Features - What is the GeoPackage? - Esri Support - Looking ahead… Geographic Things 3 Why add spatial data to a database? • The premise: - People want to manage spatial data in association with their standard business data. - Spatial data is simply another “property” of a business object. • The approach: - Utilize the existing SQL data access model. - Define a simple geometry object. - Define well known representations for passing structured data between systems. - Define a simple metadata schema so applications can find the spatial data. - Integrate support for spatial data types with commercial RDBMS software. Simple Feature Model 10 area1 yellow Feature Table 11 area2 green 12 area3 Blue Feature 13 area4 red Geometry Feature Attribute • Feature Tables contain rows (features) sharing common properties (Feature Attributes). • Geometry is a Feature Attribute. Database Simple Feature access Query Connection model based on SQL Cursor Value Geometry Type 1 Type 2 Spatial Geometry (e.g. string) (e.g. number) Reference Data Access Point Line Area Simple Feature Geometry Geometry SpatialRefSys Point Curve Surface GeomCollection LineString Polygon MultiSurface MultiPoint MultiCurve Non-Instantiable Instantiable MultiPolygon MultiLineString Some of the Major Standards Involved • ISO 19125, Geographic Information - Simple feature access - Part 1: common architecture - Part 2: SQL Option • ISO 13249-3, Information technology — Database
    [Show full text]
  • Sas Report Writing Over the Years
    SAS REPORT WRITING OVER THE YEARS An Exploration Into the Difficult Task of Meeting Everyone's Needs. Written by Richard C Chiofolo, Ph. D. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Oakland, California 5 July 1 \ 2000 528 Writing reports is not a very esoteric or intellectual task. It lacks glamour. The ability to produce reports isn't something people cite on their resumes. However, it may be one of the most useful functions in any language package because programmer/ analysts often need only put information on a piece of paper as a list or simple comparison of some business function or event. Whether the data is character fields in a list or data points put on a graph_ the intent is the same: put information in a format for presentation. Some level of summarization may be desired, but people are rarely willing to look at final statistical results without seeing some of the detailed information first. Communicating information itself should be the goal, but, in many cases, presentation is as important as the information itself. Finally, how information is presented counts, a lot. Programmers and analysts have their biases about how they want to do their work. At my age a non-graphic PROC CHART is fine, my assistants want to play with WEB ready graphics. We should look at the SAS procedures designed for making reports, but only those that give us the simple ability to present raw or summarized lists and comparisons. How well do they aid us to produce reports, not esoteric statistics, only mundane listings, detailed or summarized records in our workplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Statistical and Geospatial Information: Metadata Standards and More United Nations Global Forum on Integration of Geospatial-Statistics 4-5 August 2014
    ® Integration of Statistical and Geospatial Information: Metadata Standards and More United Nations Global Forum on Integration of Geospatial-Statistics 4-5 August 2014 Mark E. Reichardt President and CEO, Open Geospatial Consortium [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Geospatial Information: Essential to Address Social, Environmental & Economic Issues Logistics & Education & Research Transport Sustainable Development Utilities Health E -Government Emergency and Disaster Mgt / Response Energy Consumer Services Geosciences OGC® Geospatial information via Spatial Data Infrastructures is widely utilized throughout government… …to support broad national objectives such as economic growth, social cohesion and well-being, and environmental management ® Source: GeoConnections Canada OGC 4 The Open Geospatial Consortium Not-for-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization; leading development of geospatial standards • 20th Anniversary • 470+ members worldwide • Over 40 standards and best University practices 24% Commercial • Hundreds of product 41% implementations Research 7% • Broad user community NGO implementation worldwide 10% Government • Alliances and collaborative activities 18% with many other organizations ® OGC © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Metadata • Data about Data “…provides information about the identification, the extent, the quality, the spatial and temporal schema, spatial reference, and distribution of digital geographic data.” US Federal Geographic Data Committee
    [Show full text]
  • Map Description and Management by Spatial Metadata: Requirements for Digital Map Legend for Planetary Geological and Geomorphological Mapping
    MAP DESCRIPTION AND MANAGEMENT BY SPATIAL METADATA: REQUIREMENTS FOR DIGITAL MAP LEGEND FOR PLANETARY GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING A. Nass (1,2), S. van Gasselt (3) and R. Jaumann (1,3) (1) Inst. of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin (2) Geoinformation Science Research Group, Dept. of Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (3) Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Inst. of Geological Sciences, Freie Universit¨at Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin Contact: [email protected]. KEY WORDS: Planetary Mapping, Metadata, GIS, Database Model ABSTRACT: Instruments carried along on missions to, e.g., Mars, the Moon, Venus, and various Outer-Solar System objects, produce a rich variety of image data recorded in different wavelengths and some of them allow to derive additional datasets (e.g., digital terrain models). These data form the basis for geologically exploring the evolution of planetary bodies by analyzing and geoscientifically interpreting surface structures. By using modern GIS techniques the results are represented in thematic, mostly geological and geomorphological maps and allow to extract additional information, e.g. by means of morphometric measurements. To allow for an efficient collaboration among various scientists and groups, all mapping results have to be uniformly prepared, described, managed and archived. In order to achieve this, GIS-based mapping approaches are currently underway. One of the important aspects in this context is a detailed map description and an efficient management of mapping results by using metadata information. Such data describe, e.g. the geometry, extent, quality, contents and conditions of source data and additionally allow detailed queries for context information.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2006.16900V1 [Cs.CY] 26 Jun 2020 Resenting Moving Features As Well As Standardized Operations for Manipulating Moving Geometries
    From Simple Features to Moving Features and Beyond? Anita Graser Esteban Zimanyi´ Krishna Chaitanya Bommakanti AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Universite´ libre de Bruxelles Adonmo University of Salzburg Brussels, Belgium HITEC City, Hyderabad, Vienna / Salzburg, Austria ORCID: 0000-0003-1843-5099 Telangana 500081, India ORCID: 0000-0001-5361-2885 Abstract—Mobility data science lacks common data structures Spatial plane and analytical functions. This position paper assesses the current status and open issues towards a universal API for mobility A data science. In particular, we look at standardization efforts revolving around the OGC Moving Features standard which, so far, has not attracted much attention within the mobility data time science community. We discuss the hurdles any universal API B for movement data has to overcome and propose key steps of a roadmap that would provide the foundation for the development of this API. t= 0 t= 1 t= 2 2011-07-14 22:00:00 2011-07-14 22:00:10 2011-07-14 22:00:20 I. INTRODUCTION Fig. 1: Data model of the Moving Features standard illustrated with two moving points A and B. Stars mark changes in Data analysis tools are essential for data science. Robust attribute values. movement data analysis tools are therefore key to advancing mobility data science. However, the development of movement data analysis tools is hampered by a lack of shared understand- API for mobility data science -– if such a thing exists. Based ing and standardization. There are numerous implementations, on these findings, we then propose essential building blocks including dozens of R libraries, as well as Python libraries to advance movement data science.
    [Show full text]
  • Open GIS Consortium, Inc. Opengis Simple Features Test Protocol For
    Open GIS Consortium, Inc. OpenGISÒ Simple Features Test Protocol For OLE/COM 99-037r2 Release Date: August 6, 1999 Conformance Test Guidelines for OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for OLE/COM 99-037r2 Copyright 1999 Cadcorp Ltd Copyright 1999 Intergraph Corporation The companies listed above have granted the Open GIS Consortium, Inc. (OGC) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified version. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright, in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having conformed any computer software to the specification. NOTICE The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. The material in this document details an Open GIS Consortium specification in accordance with the license and notices set forth on this page. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company’s products. WHILE THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, THE OPEN GIS CONSORTIUM AND THE COMPANIES LISTED ABOVE MAKE NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The Open GIS Consortium and the companies list above shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft SQL Server/Print Version - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Op
    Microsoft SQL Server/Print version - Wikibooks, open books for an op... https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_SQL_Server/Pri... Microsoft SQL Server/Print version Contents 1 System Requirements 1.1 32-bit editions of SQL Server 2005 1.1.1 Enterprise 1.1.2 Standard 1.1.3 Workgroups 1.1.4 Express 1.1.5 Developer 1.1.6 Memory Requirements 1.1.7 Harddisk requirement 1.1.8 Internet 1.2 64-bit editions of SQL Server 2005 1.2.1 Processor 1.3 References 2 Installing 2.1 Understanding SQL Server 2005 Editions 2.1.1 Enterprise Edition 2.1.2 Standard Edition 2.1.3 Workgroup Edition 2.1.4 Developer Edition 2.1.5 Express Edition 2.2 Some hints to remember Features 2.3 How to Install MS SQL Server 2005-2012 2.4 Graphical interface 2.5 References 3 Connecting to MS SQL Server from *nix 3.1 Downloading 3.2 Glossary 3.3 Troubleshooting 3.3.1 Failing to set SYBASE 3.4 External Links 3.5 References 4 Using Instances 4.1 Determining Multiple or Single Instances 5 Installing Instances 5.1 Authentication mode 5.2 Determining Collation Setting 6 Configuring Files 6.1 Data Files 6.2 Log Files 6.3 Filegroups 6.4 Configuring Raid Systems 6.5 Best practices 7 Configuring Mail 1 sur 36 10/01/2016 15:11 Microsoft SQL Server/Print version - Wikibooks, open books for an op... https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_SQL_Server/Pri... 7.1 Architecture 7.2 References 8 System databases 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Resource [1] 8.1.2 master [2] 8.1.3 tempdb [3] 8.1.4 model [4] 8.1.5 msdb [5] 8.2 Usage 8.3 Summary 8.4 References 9 Table manipulation
    [Show full text]
  • OGC Simple Features For
    PostGIS: A Standards Based Geographic Extension for PostgreSQL Frank Warmerdam President, OSGeo 1 Overview • Brief background • PostGIS Details • PostGIS Examples • Survey of Simple Features 1.1 Geometries • Simple Features 1.2 Geometry • A survey of simple features based software • Commentary 2 Open Source Geospatial Foundation What is a Spatial Database? • Support for a “Geometry” Type • Indexing for the Geometry Type • Functions for the Geometry Type • Database that can answer GIS questions: quickly on large volumes of data 3 Open Source Geospatial Foundation Why a Spatial Database? (instead of just using files) • Transactional Integrity Multiple Users, Multiple Edits • Unified Storage, Management, Access SQL Everywhere • Because Databases are Better than Files NOT! 4 Open Source Geospatial Foundation Unified Storage GIS Database Guys Guys Corporate GIS Database Files 5 PostGIS • Geographic Extension for PostgreSQL • Based on OGC Simple Features for SQL • By Refractions Research (Victoria,BC) • First release in 2001 • GPL licensed (likely why not in main src tree) • R- Tree- over- GiST used for spatial index • Introduces: new geometry types many new functions new support tables http:/ / www.postgis.org 6 Open Source Geospatial Foundation Some Geometry Functions • Area(POLYGON) • Distance(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Contains(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Intersection(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Intersects(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Union(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Buffer(GEOMETRY,double) • ConvexHull(GEOMETRY) • Perimeter(GEOMETRY) • Crosses(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY) • Transform(GEOMETRY,integerSRID)
    [Show full text]
  • The Space Package: Tight Integration Between Space and Semantics
    Transactions in GIS, 2010, 14(2): 131–146 Research Articletgis_1187 131..146 The Space Package: Tight Integration between Space and Semantics Willem Robert van Hage Jan Wielemaker Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Guus Schreiber Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Abstract Interpretation of spatial features often requires combined reasoning over geometry and semantics. We introduce the Space package, an open source SWI-Prolog exten- sion that provides spatial indexing capabilities. Together with the existing semantic web reasoning capabilities of SWI-Prolog, this allows efficient integration of spatial and semantic queries and provides an infrastructure for declarative programming with space and semantics. There are few systems that provide indexing and reason- ing facilities for both spatial and semantic data. A common solution is to combine separate semantic reasoning and geospatial services. Such loose coupling has the disadvantage that each service cannot make use of the statistics of the other. This makes optimization of such a service-oriented architecture hard. The SWI-Prolog Space and Semantic web packages provide a native Prolog interface to both spatial and semantic indexing and reasoning, which makes it easy to write combined query optimizers. Another advantage of the Space package is that it allows declarative logic programming, which means in practice that you say what you want to compute instead of how to compute it. The actual indexing machinery is encapsulated inside Prolog predicates. In this article we describe the interface of the Space package, compare its functionality to alternative software libraries, and show how to work with it using three example applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Geodatabases Using SQL and Python Jochen Manegold Gerhard Trichtl Geodatabase Geodatabase – What Is This?
    Working with Geodatabases Using SQL and Python Jochen Manegold Gerhard Trichtl Geodatabase Geodatabase – What is this? • A physical store of geographic data - Scalable storage model supported on different platforms • Core ArcGIS information model - A comprehensive model for representing and managing GIS data - Implemented as a series of simple tables • A transactional model for managing GIS workflows • Set of components for accessing data Tables in Geodatabase - Geodatabase system tables • System tables store definitions, rules, and behavior for datasets • Tracks contents within a geodatabase • Stores some database level metadata - Versions, domains, etc. • Admin operations: - Version management - Connection management - Geodatabase upgrade Tables in Geodatabase - User defined Tables • Stores the content of each dataset in the geodatabase - Datasets are stored in one or more tables • Administrative Operations: - Granting/revoking privileges - Updating statistics/indexes - Registering as versioned - Adding global id’s - Enabling editor tracking Accessing data in a DBMS • You can access spatial or non-spatial data in a DBMS to use in ArcGIS Geodatabase Database – Simple Feature Access DB2 ALTIBASE (deprecated) Informix Dameng ORACLE Teradata PostgreSQL Netezza (deprecated) Microsoft SQLServer DB2, Informix SAP HANA ORACLE, PostgreSQL Microsoft SQLServer, SAP HANA Working with Geodatabases using Python or how you create your own Geodatabase by Jochen Manegold The Scenario • I am the database administrator in our office • I want to create a Geodatabase with featureclass and data • Simon should be the data-owner – responsable for maintenance and data quality • Clare and Richie are responsible to capture the data • They want to edit the data in an isolated editor environment (Versioning) • As this happens in many different ways, I want to automate the setup of this scenario The Scenario – a database, users, a table, data and a version tree sde.Default protected simon.simon public private clare.clare richie.richie private The Tools • Database Server (f.e.
    [Show full text]