Emergency Sanitation Facilities

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Emergency Following a Sanitation major disaster, bathroom facilities may 98124-4018 Seattle, WA Box 34018 P.O. Suite 4900 700 Fifth Avenue, Emergency Management not be available if water and sewer lines have been disrupted. Because cleanliness is essential to maintaining good health, it is important to know how to improvise emergency sanitation facilities. Have emergency Consider using Sanitizing Waste recycling or sanitation supplies After each use, pour a yard-waste on hand disinfectant such as a container for s solution of 10 parts water temporary storage of • medium-size plastic bucket and 1 part bleach into the waste, as they will with tight lid container to reduce odor. protect against rats s • plastic garbage bags and ties Cover the container and vermin. (heavy duty) tightly when not in use. s Emergency Public Information • absorbent material, cat litter will include additional or shredded newspaper instructions about waste disposal. s Disposing of Waste • household chlorine bleach s It is recommended to use an Outdoor pit latrines, waste • soap, liquid absorbent material such as cat-litter, incineration or burial, and most other temporary toilet sites, detergent sawdust, shredded newspaper to s are not legal nor recommended. • rubber or absorb liquids. All bags should be There is too great a risk of vermin vinyl gloves securely closed and fastened with and accidental human contact s • toilet paper a tie-wrap. Then double bag and with the waste. s • antiseptic towelettes securely close. Handle-tie type bags s are not liquid tight and should • hand sanitizer not be used without Cleaning and being additionally Disinfectants secured. Building a Regularly wipe down all surfaces makeshift toilet Store any filled with disinfectant to reduce bags where they exposure risks. The best choice Line a medium-size plastic cannot be is a solution of one part liquid bucket with a garbage accessed by chlorine bleach to ten parts of bag. (If the sewage lines people, and are water. Wash hands are broken but the toilet protected from rats and vermin. with soap and water, bowl is usable, place the During emergencies only, they may or use a hand-sanitizer plastic garbage bag around be disposed of with other after using the toilet or bowl.) Other options may include household waste and garbage. handling any bags a bucket with a tight fitting lid, or a of waste. camping toilet. Printed on recycled paper.

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A Review of the Evidence Base for WASH Interventions in Emergency Responses / Relief Operations
A Review of the Evidence Base for WASH interventions in Emergency Responses / Relief Operations A Review of the Evidence Base for WASH interventions in Emergency Responses Discussion document Submitted by Jonathan Parkinson January 2009 January 2009 Page 1 of 56 A Review of the Evidence Base for WASH interventions in Emergency Responses / Relief Operations Executive summary Inadequate sanitation, inadequate water supplies and poor hygiene are critical determinants for survival of victims of natural disasters and conflict situations, especially in the initial stages of a disaster. The most significant are diarrheal diseases and infectious diseases transmitted by the faeco-oral route nd a combination of these factors means that people affected by disasters are also generally much more susceptible to illness and death from disease The traditional response by relief agencies in emergency situations has been to install water supply points and latrines. But experiences have clearly demonstrated the limitations of this approach. More recently hygiene promotion has taken increasingly greater predominance as an integral part of relief agency operations. However, these experiences are diverse and this has led to questions about which type of hygiene promotion activity is most effective and how. Consequently, in the course of the extensive inter-agency consultation, it has emerged that much of the existing evidence base which underpins decision-making for WASH interventions in relief operations is extrapolated from the development sector. It is unclear to the extent to which it is appropriate and relevant in emergency contexts. The primary aim of this assignment was therefore to explore whether it is considered appropriate to apply the existing evidence base for WASH interventions to support emergency operations as it stands and, if not, to consider what activities may be required to improve the evidence base.
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