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Guides to Pollution Prevention Municipal Pretreatment Programs EPA/625/R-93/006 October 1993

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Guides to Pollution Prevention Municipal Pretreatment Programs EPA/625/R-93/006 October 1993 United States Office of Research and EPA/625/R-93/O06 Environmental Protection Development October 1993 Agency Washington, DC 20460 Guides to Pollution Prevention Municipal Pretreatment Programs EPA/625/R-93/006 October 1993 Guides to Pollution Prevention: Municipal Pretreatment Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Research Information Cincinnati, Ohio Printed on Recycled Paper Notice The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA). This document has been reviewed in accordance with the Agency’s peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii Acknowledgments This guide is the product of the efforts of many individuals. Gratitude goes to each person involved in the preparation and review of this guide. Authors Lynn Knight and David Loughran, Eastern Research Group, Inc., Lexington, MA, and Daniel Murray, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Research Information were the principal authors of this guide. Technical Contributors The following individuals provided invaluable technical assistance during the development of this guide: Cathy Allen, U.S. EPA, Region V, Chicago, IL Deborah HanIon, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC William Fahey, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Boston, MA Eric Renda, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Boston, MA Timothy Tuominen, Western Lake Superior Sanitary District, Duluth, MN A.R. Rubin, North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Peter Scott, Linn-Benton Community College, Science and Industry Division, Albany, OR Foster Gray, Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Plant, Ithaca, NY Adriana Renescu, County Sanitation Districts of Orange County, Fountain Valleyj CA Guy Aydlett, Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA Sam Hadeed, Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies, Technical Services and Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC Philip Lo, County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Whittier, CA Matt Chadsey, Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant Rick Riebstein, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Technical Assistance Paul Richard, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Technical Assistance Peer Reviewers The following individuals peer reviewed this guide: H. Douglas Williams, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH Garry Howell, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH Johnny Springer, Jr., Office of Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH . Ill Editorial Reviewers and Document Production Inc., Lexington, MA, provided editorial review and John Bergin and David Cheda of Eastern Research Group, produced-this Handbook. Technical Direction and Coordination Center for Environmental Research Information, Daniel Murray, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, coordinated the preparation of this guide and provided technical direction throughout its development. iv Page Chapter 1 Introduction . � . 1 Chapter 2 Overview of Pollution Prevention Concepts . 4 2.1 Source Reduction . 4 2.1.1 Good Operating Practices . 4 2.1.2 Technology Changes . 6 2.1.3 Input Material Substitutions . 6 2.1.4 Product Changes . 7 2.2 Recycling . 7 Chapter 3 Targeting Pollution Prevention Efforts . 9 3.1 identifying Pollutants of Concern . 9 3.2 identifying Users of Concern . 11 3.2.1 Industrial Users . 11 3.2.2 Commercial Users . 12 3.2.3 Domestic Users . 14 3.3 Prioritizing Users of Concern . 14 3.4 Utilizing Pollution Prevention Resources . 14 Chapter 4 Promoting Pollution Prevention Among Regulated and Unregulated Sewer Users . 19 4.1 Inspections . 19 4.1.1 Preinspection Activities . 19 4.1.2 inspection Procedures . 24 4.1.3 Postinspection Followup . 27 4.1.4 Multimedia inspections . 27 4.2 Encouraging Pollution Prevention Through Regulatory Activities . 28 4.2.1 Issuing User Permits . 28 4.2.2 Responding to User Noncompliance. 31 v Contents (continued) 4.3 Community Education and Outreach. 31 4.3.1 Sponsoring Workshops and Training. 32 4.3.2 Convening Local Pollution Prevention Forums . 32 4.3.3 Publicly Recognizing Pollution Prevention Achievements. 33 ­ 4.3.4 Compiling and Distributing Pollution Prevention Information . 33 4.3.5 Publicizing Household Hazardous Waste Collection Programs and Industrial Waste Exchanges . .“. 34 Chapter 5 References . � � � � 9 � � 9 � . 9 . 35 Appendix Pollution Prevention Resources . 37 Appendix Pollution Prevention Summaries on Specific Industries . ...0.... ...* 49 Automotive-Related Industry . ...-* ..* 50 Commercial Printing . ...** .** 53 Fabricated Metal Products . 56 Industrial and Commercial Laundries. ..* 61 Paint Manufacturing . 63 Pesticide Formulation . .......... 66 Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing. 69 Photoprocessing . ................. 72 Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing .. 75 Selected Hospital Waste Streams . 79 List of Tables Table Page 3-1 Commercial Establishments and Their Potentially Hazardous Discharges . 12 3-2 Consumer Products and Their Potentially Toxic or Hazardous Constituents . 15 3-3 States with Existing or Proposed Pollution Prevention Technical Assistance and Facility Planning and Reporting Requirements . ...18 4-1 Sample Materials Accounting List for a Photoprocessing Example . 22 4-2 Sample Pollution Prevention List for Photoprocessing Example . 25 B-1 Wastes Generated from Automotive Shops . ...50 B-2 Wastewater Generated by Printing Processes . ...53 B-3 Metal Fabrication Processes: Cleaning, Stripping, and Painting . 56 B-4 Metal Fabrication Processes: Machining, Surface Treatment and Plating . 57 B-5 Aqueous/Liquid Wastes from Metal Parts and Stripping . 58 B-6 Aqueous/Liquid Wastes from Electroplating and Other Surface Treatment Processes . 59 B-7 Aqueous/Liquid Wastes from Paint Manufacturing . 63 B-8 Aqueous/Liquid Wastes from Pesticide Formulation . 66 B-9 Aqueous/Liquid Waste from Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing . 69 B-10 Aqueous Wastes Generated from Photoprocessing . 72 B-11 Nine Stages in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing . 75 B-12 Waste Streams Generated from Circuit Board Manufacturing Processes . 76 B-13 Drag-Out Reduction Techniques . ...77 B-14 Rinsing Techniques . ...77 B-15 Selected Waste Streams from Hospitals . ...80 vii List of Figures Figure Page 2-1 Pollution prevention . 3-1 Sample POTWpollution prevention policy statement . 10 3-2 Setting pollution prevention priorities. ...11 3-3 Example of a commercial facility survey form . ...13 4-1 Using onsite inspection to promote the benefits of pollution prevention . 20 4-2 Sample flow diagram of photoprocessing operation . 22 4-3 Tracking the silver material balance in a color photoprocessing operation . 23 4-4 Comparing silver input and output in a photoprocessing operation . 24 4-5 Hypothetical waste stream concentrations before and after pollution prevention . 31 4-6 Example of compliance schedule that incorporates pollution prevention . 32 . Chapter 1 Introduction With the enactment of the Pollution Prevention Act of prevention (Chapter 3), and outlines a broadly 1990, Congress formally established pollution applicable approach to integrating pollution prevention prevention as a national objective, placing it ahead of concepts into existing pretreatment programs (Chapter waste recycling, treatment, and disposal in the 4). Appendix A contains a comprehensive list of pollution hierarchy of environmental management methods. The prevention.
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