DOCSLIB.ORG

L848 Weed Control Options in Tree Plantings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L848 Weed Control Options in Tree Plantings Weed Control Options in Tree Plantings Simply put, a weed is any plant best results, weed-control efforts weed germination and limits ideal growing where it is not wanted. It should begin before planting and soil conditions for tillage. can be a grass, a broadleaf plant, continue at least until seedlings are Mowing is another method of a shrub, a vine, or a tree. A weed well-established and vigorous. mechanical weed control. Although often has a fast-growing, aggressive There are four main ways to mowing reduces the buildup of root system, which competes with combat weeds — mechanical, fire fuel and animal cover, it can the establishing root system of a chemical, mulch, and barrier. encourage undesirable perennial seedling tree or shrub for nutrients grass establishment and increase and soil moisture. Weed competi- Mechanical competition for moisture and tion for these resources can reduce Cultivation is the most effective nutrients; therefore, cultivation mature tree growth by as much as method of mechanical weed control. is preferred. Mowing may be two-thirds. It includes the use of equipment necessary on sites where cultiva- Not only do weeds reduce such as rototillers, discs, hoes, and tion creates excessive soil erosion. survival and inhibit growth, but other similar equipment. Culti- Mowing also can limit seed produc- they also provide fuel for fires vation should be limited to less tion in taller weeds. and harbor animals such as mice, than 4 inches deep and no closer Where tillage and mowing are rabbits, and other small mammals than 9 inches to the plant to avoid not desirable options, and where it that damage seedlings. damaging seedling roots. Because can be safely implemented, weed Establishment periods for tree weeds need to be kept less than 6 flaming using a specially designed and shrub seedlings generally take inches tall, cultivate several times a propane torch is an option. Flaming at least 3 years and take longer on year as new weeds grow and become uses heat to kill weed seedlings; it poorer sites. Therefore, it is impor- established. Tillage alone may not does not use fire to consume the tant to control weeds to maximize be sufficient to control weeds, espe- entire weed. The heat from the seedling survival and growth. For cially in a wet year that facilitates torch causes cells in the weed to Bareroot Container 3-4" 24-36" 24-36" Figure 1. Mulch reduces weed pressure around newly planted trees. Do not mound mulch onto the tree. Kansas Forest Service burst, causing the seedling to die. Flaming is most effective on small, recently germinated weed seedlings, such as annuals in early spring or Spool winter annuals in fall. Flaming is often ineffective as a stand-alone weed control method, but it can 3 point enhance the effectiveness of other hitch weed control options, especially on seedlings of herbicide-resistant weeds. Mulch Disk When establishing a small planting, organic mulch can be Rear an effective way to combat weeds; Packing wheel shovel however, on a large-scale planting it may be cost and labor prohibitive. Figure 2. Fabric mulch dispensing machine. Mulch not only reduces weeds but also retains soil moisture, reduces compaction, buffers soil tempera- ture extremes, adds organic matter to the soil, and reduces potential seedling injury by eliminating the need to mow or till close to the plants. Immediately after planting, mulch should be placed in a circle approximately 2 to 3 feet around each seedling and about 3 to 4 inches thick. A little less than 2 cubic feet of mulch is needed per tree, or about 1.5 to 2 cubic yards per 25 trees. Mulch should not be piled or mounded against the stem of the seedling (Figure 1). Suitable mulches include wood chips, straw, and bark. Figure 3. Fabric mulch dispensing machine. Large, chunky wood chips are less likely to blow away on exposed It is permeable to air and water but periodically. Flooding can lower the sites. Fine-ground wood mulch, not sunlight, so plant growth is effectiveness of the barrier by dislo- sawdust, or shredded paper may suppressed underneath the material; cation and soil deposition. Fabric become matted and restrict infil- however, if the top of the material is barrier inhibits root sprouting of tration of water and air, and these not kept clean of debris, vegetation shrubs. Root sprouting increases fine-textured sources of carbon also can grow through the material from stem density, providing valuable may remove available nitrogen in the top. wildlife habitat. the soil as they decompose. Fabric barrier is appropriate Fabric barrier is available in a to help establish windbreaks, variety of sizes and specifications. Barrier shelterbelts, living snowfences, It can be purchased in rolls that can The most common type of and other small tree and shrub be applied by machine or in squares barrier is a black polypropylene plantings. Fabric is not recom- that can be applied by hand. Some material called weed barrier fabric. mended in riparian areas that flood product specifications that should 2 Kansas Forest Service be considered include weight, two furrows, while the packing Proper installation is crucial for tensile strength, burst strength, tear, wheels press the fabric edges into planting success (Figure 4). It is permeability, thickness, and UV the furrows. Packing wheels hold important to pull seedlings through exposure. down the edges until rear shovels fabric immediately, especially Site preparation is important throw 6 to 10 inches of soil onto the on warm days, because the heat for seedling survival, growth, and fabric edges. During installation, generated underneath the fabric can proper application of fabric rolls. it is important to make sure soil quickly kill tender seedlings. It is Inadequate site preparation can is covering the fabric edges. If the also possible for the lower portion make proper fabric installation fabric is installed on a slope, water of seedlings to be damaged by heat difficult. Soil must be plowed or diversion bars should be angled out if the fabric is not pushed down chiseled to a minimum depth of of the soil to direct water away from against the soil surface. Air pockets 12 inches followed by discing or the fabric. can create an oven-like effect if left rototilling to remove clods or sod. To apply fabric, one person sits between the fabric and the soil. If a desirable vegetative cover on the fabric machine and makes a Rodents can also use this space exists, cultivate a minimum small cut in the fabric to locate each for habitat. These problems can 10-foot-wide strip at each tree row. tree or shrub (Figure 3). Depending be reduced by walking down the Applying postemergent herbicides on the size of the planting, one to middle of the fabric while pulling may be necessary if cool-season three people follow the machine and seedlings through or by running grasses like brome or fescue are make finishing cuts in the shape tractor tires along the edges of the present. Site preparation for fabric of an “×” and pull plants through planting furrows before installing squares also may include applying a the fabric. Care should be taken to the fabric. Tractor tires also may be postemergent herbicide, rototilling, avoid cutting plants. Cuts should run along fabric edges after installa- or using augers. not exceed 12 inches in length. tion to pack soil and further ensure When excessive cuts are made in that fabric will be held in place. Pins Weed Barrier Fabric Rolls the fabric, weeds and grasses will or staples should be placed every 10 Rolls may contain from 300 to emerge next to the tree or shrub and feet next to a tree or shrub in the 750 feet of fabric and range from reduce mulch effectiveness. Though middle of the fabric for anchoring 4- to 10-feet wide. Six-foot-wide limiting the size of cut is important, purposes. fabric rolls are the most common it must also be large enough to When installation is going in Kansas, and are applied by an prevent fabric from rubbing against well, 100 feet can be installed in implement over the seedlings seedlings. This is the advantage of one minute. However, it is best immediately after planting. an “×” cut instead of a single-slit cut. A tractor-drawn dispensing machine (Figure 2) lays fabric rolls over seedlings immediately after planting. Installation begins by placing a roll on the machine spool. Fabric barrier is designed to dispense from the bottom of the roll. Before lowering the packing wheels, unroll enough fabric to clear the rear shovels. Carefully lower the packing wheels onto the fabric. Do not crawl under the machine. Cover the end of the fabric with 6 to 10 inches of soil. At first, someone may need to stand on the edge of the fabric to keep it from moving. Adjust the machine at the three-point hitch so the rear shovels are 4 to 6 inches into the Figure 4. Properly installed fabric pulled tight to avoid wind, with dirt placed on edges soil. Front-mounted discs open and holes for seedlings large enough to avoid girdling. Kansas Forest Service 3 soil is moist and Sources there is no wind. Fabric barrier can be obtained Fabric squares from a variety of sources, including work well when county conservation districts; mechanical Kansas Department of Wild- equipment life, Parks and Tourism; Kansas cannot be used Forest Service; private wildlife and for plant- organizations; or directly from the ings of 300 trees manufacturers. or fewer. Fabric barrier is more expensive than other methods of weed and Maintenance grass control; however, cost-share Some weed programs may assist with the cost control may of purchasing and applying fabric.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparison of Different Mechanical Weed Control Strategies in Sugar Beets
    27. Deutsche Arbeitsbesprechung über Fragen der Unkrautbiologie und -bekämpfung, 23.-25. Februar 2016 in Braunschweig Comparison of different mechanical weed control strategies in sugar beets Vergleich verschiedener mechanischer Unkrautstrategien in Zuckerrüben Christoph Kunz*, Jonas Felix Weber, Roland Gerhards University of Hohenheim, Institute of Phytomedicine, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany *Corresponding author, [email protected] DOI 10.5073/jka.2016.452.059 Abstract In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris.) weed control is commonly performed by herbicide application applied broadcast at splitting during the cultivation period. Mechanical weeding can be an alternative to chemical weed control. The aim of this experiment was the estimation of weed control efficacy with the use of automatic steering technologies by camera guidance, the use of different intra row weed control implements in conservation tillage systems and the influence of these techniques to the number of uprooted sugar beets. A field experiment with a randomized complete plot design was conducted in 2015 at Ihinger Hof, Germany. Weed density ranged from 0 to 12 plants m-2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare as the most abundant weed species. Hoeing with the use of automatic steering technologies reduced the weed density by 82%. The use of finger weeders, rotary-harrow and torsion finger weeder reduced the weed density by 29% compared to common hoeing strategies. Differences in the number of uprooted sugar beets were not found across all treatments. We revealed the possibility of a more intense use of mechanical weeding technologies in combination with precision farming technologies in sugar beet. Keywords: Camera steering, inter row weeding, intra row weeding, mechanical weed control, sugar beets Zusammenfassung In Zuckerrüben (Beta vulgaris) wird die Unkrautkontrolle meistens durch eine mehrfache Herbizidapplikation auf der gesamten Ackerfläche durchgeführt.
    [Show full text]
  • Between-Row Mower Design for Weed Control in Organically Grown No-Till Soybeans
    BETWEEN-ROW MOWER DESIGN FOR WEED CONTROL IN ORGANICALLY GROWN NO-TILL SOYBEANS ________________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science ________________________________________________________________________ By GABRIEL AYICHIM ZULKARINI ABDULAI Dr. Kerry Clark, Thesis Supervisor JULY 2018 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled BETWEEN-ROW MOWER DESIGN FOR WEED CONTROL IN ORGANICALLY GROWN NO-TILL SOYBEANS Presented by Gabriel Ayichim Zulkarini Abdulai A candidate for the degree of Master of Science, Biological Engineering And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Teng Lim Dr. Kerry Clark Dr. Leon Schumacher Dr. Steve Borgelt ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A local proverb in my home country states that ‘when someone has been good to you, appreciate them and be grateful’ It is therefore with heartfelt gratitude that I want to thank Dr. Kerry Clark for providing me with this great opportunity to grow in knowledge and to contribute to the field of mechanical weed control in organic no-till. I am most grateful for this opportunity and the scholarship given me. I also want to thank Dr. Leon Schumacher for his encouragement. Your counsel and mentorship has been helpful and contributed to making me a better student. I am also grateful to Dr. Teng Lim for his advice and support in the pursuit of my master’s degree. I want to also thank Dr. Steve Borgelt for broadening my horizon in hydraulics. Dr. Rob Myers supported and encouraged me greatly in my pursuits.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Weed Control Cultural and Mechanical Methods
    Organic Weed Control Cultural & Mechanical Methods Corn (next to a field of oats/peas/barley) that has recently been cultivated for the second and last time with a high-clear- ance cultivator. Peter Martens, cultivating soybeans on a John Deere 3020 with JD725 front-mount cul- tivator and a IH133 rear-mount cultivator, both with C-shank teeth. The front has half by Mary-Howell & Klaas Martens sweeps, the back has sweeps. The front cultivator is modified to have two gangs per row eeds happen. That is a fact of instead of the standard single gang in the middle of the row. The rear cultivator is modi- fied with a side shifter to keep it aligned with the front cultivator on side hills. life for organic farmers, and Wtherefore many of our field soil conditions, weather, crop rotations weed control is a multi-year, whole-farm, operations are designed to make sure that and field histories, machinery, markets multi-faceted approach — and you are the health and quality of our crops are not and specific market quality demands, and probably doing much of it already without jeopardized by the inevitable weed pres- available time and labor. You must have realizing the effect your actions have on sure. Planning an effective the ability to adjust your weed pressure. Reprinted from weed-control program weed-control strategies to the Writing in 1939, German agricultural involves many different unique and ever-changing researcher Bernard Rademacher stated, aspects of organic crop challenges of each year. “Cultural weed control should form the production. As farmers August 2002 • Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants
    BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC PLANTS A Best Management Practices Handbook Lyn A. Gettys, William T. Haller and Marc Bellaud, editors Cover photograph courtesy of SePRO Corporation Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants: A Best Management Practices Handbook First published in the United States of America in 2009 by Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation, Marietta, Georgia ISBN 978-0-615-32646-7 All text and images used with permission and © AERF 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Gainesville, Florida, USA October 2009 Dear Reader: Thank you for your interest in aquatic plant management. The Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation (AERF) is pleased to bring you Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants: A Best Management Practices Handbook. The mission of the AERF, a not for profit foundation, is to support research and development which provides strategies and techniques for the environmentally and scientifically sound management, conservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. One of the ways the Foundation accomplishes the mission is by providing information to the public on the benefits of conserving aquatic ecosystems. The handbook has been one of the most successful ways of distributing information to the public regarding aquatic plant management. The first edition of this handbook became one of the most widely read and used references in the aquatic plant management community. This second edition has been specifically designed with the water resource manager, water management association, homeowners and customers and operators of aquatic plant management companies and districts in mind.
    [Show full text]
  • What's New in Weed Control for Processing Vegetables
    Weed Control in Vine Crops: Consider All Your Options Mark VanGessel, Barb Scott, and Quintin Johnson Topics • Pumpkins with rye cover crops • Watermelon Plastic culture – Application timing for row middles Reminders • Read the label !! – Do Not Rely on Someone Else to Tell You What Is In the Label – Pesticide label is a legal document – Changes may not be publicized • Must be labeled for the crop • Directions for use (how, where, when) • PHI (pre-harvest interval) • REI (re-entry interval) Pumpkins • Increasing acres producing pumpkins on rye mulch • Still many questions on weed control – How much weed control does the rye provide? – Does mulch influence herbicide performance? Effect of Cover Crop For Weed Control Requires Lots of Rye Biomass M/M • Rye seeded in the fall at 2 bu/A – + spring N (50 or 80 lbs N) – Sprayed with glyphosate ~ 14 days preplant – Rye rolled preplant • Stale seedbed – Glyphosate in March – Roto-tilled and cultipacked 3 – 4 wks preplant – Non-selective herbicide at planting • Conventional tillage – Glyphosate in March – Roto-tilled and cultipacked at planting M/M • Hand-seeded ‘Magician’ • Sprayed herbicide treatments – Untreated – Curbit 40 fl oz/A – Strategy + Curbit = Curbit at 40 fl oz/A Command at 8 fl oz/A • 4 WAP broadleaf weeds treated with hand-held hooded sprayer Aim at 2 fl oz/A • Drip irrigation • Strip plot with 4 reps Cultural Practices and Herbicides Palmer amaranth control None Curbit 40 fl oz Strategy+Curbit 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Palmer control(%) 20 10 0 Conv. Till Stale NT Rye Lo NT Rye Hi Pmpkn1-13 Seedbed lsd= 7 4 WAP Cultural Practices and Herbicides large crabgrass + giant foxtail control None Curbit 40 fl oz Strategy+Curbit 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Annual grass control (%) control grass Annual 10 0 Conv.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Control Guide for Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
    Pub# WS16 / Bulletin 789 / IL15 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Tables Table 1. Weed Response to “Burndown” Herbicides .............................................................................................19 Table 2. Application Intervals for Early Preplant Herbicides ............................................................................... 20 Table 3. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ....................................30 WEED Table 4. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ....................31 Table 5. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ...................................................32 Table 6. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ..................................33 2015 CONTROL Table 7. Grazing and Forage (Silage, Hay, etc.) Intervals for Herbicide-Treated Corn ................................. 66 OHIO, INDIANA Table 8. Rainfast Intervals, Spray Additives, and Maximum Crop Size for Postemergence Corn Herbicides .........................................................................................................................................................68 AND ILLINOIS Table 9. Herbicides Labeled for Use on Field Corn, Seed Corn, Popcorn, and Sweet Corn ..................... 69 GUIDE Table 10. Herbicide and Soil Insecticide Use Precautions ......................................................................................71 Table 11. Weed Response to Herbicides in Popcorn and Sweet Corn—Grasses
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Weed Control in Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris), Using Precision Farming Technologies and Cover Cropping
    University of Hohenheim Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Phytomedicine, Department of Weed Science Prof. Dr. Roland Gerhards Integrated weed control in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), using precision farming technologies and cover cropping Dissertation in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” (Dr. sc. agr. / Ph. D. in Agricultural Sciences) to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences by Christoph Kunz from Alzey Stuttgart-Hohenheim Juli 2017 Date of oral Examination: 09.05.2017 Examination Committee: Dean: Prof. Dr. Ralf T. Vögele Head of Committee: Prof. Dr. Claus P. W. Zebitz Supervisor and Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Roland Gerhards Co-Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Jan Petersen Additional Examiner: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Claupein ´ This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree "Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften" (Dr. sc. agr. / Ph. D. in Agricultural Sciences) by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Hohenheim, on 20.02.2017. Für meine Vorbilder Reinhold, Hubert und Erhard… Table of Contents 1. General Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Structure of the dissertation ....................................................................... 4 2. Publications ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Weed Control and Solarization As a Weed Control Method Matt Turino University of Illinois Sustainable Student Farm Organic Weed Control
    Organic Weed Control and Solarization as a Weed Control Method Matt Turino University of Illinois Sustainable Student Farm Organic Weed Control Mulches- suppresses weeds and holds moisture Dense plantings Straw or woodchips Compost Landscape fabric Plastic mulch Mechanical Cultivation- dependable if you can get it done good for air flow Stale seed bed Cultivating weeds when small Hand pulling Burning with flame weeder- useful in combination with almost any other system Mostly for stale seed bedding Planting Density Can be Weed Control Eventually most crops will shade out most weeds and be able to out compete them If you want this to happen sooner plant more densely This is a great strategy for weed control Has higher disease potential Largely done with quick to grow and quick to harvest crops like lettuce or baby greens Organic Mulches Mulches suppress weeds and holds moisture Organic mulches (straw or woodchips) Has to be thick enough to fight weeds for as long as your crop will be there Use course material that won’t mix into soil and tie up Nitrogen Adds organic matter to soil Compost as a mulch Make sure there are no weed seeds Has to go on very thick (2 inches) to suppress weeds in soil Is only going to do good things for your soil so can combine with other mulching methods Plastic Mulches Woven Landscape Fabric Can re-use for many years the Can be a good solution on smaller scale Plastic mulches Usually laid down with a mulch layer and often laid together with drip tape irrigation One use Different colors for different times of year and crops and how much you want to heat the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Management in Pastures and Rangeland—20201 B
    SS-AGR-08 Weed Management in Pastures and Rangeland—20201 B. A. Sellers and P. Devkota2 Weeds in pastures and rangeland cost ranchers more than Scouting $180 million annually in Florida by reducing forage yield, Scouting pastures periodically, which is often overlooked, lowering forage quality, and causing animal injury through is the foundation of a sound weed management program. toxicity or specialized plant organs (thorns and spines). Scouting involves routinely walking or driving through pas- Effective weed management begins with a healthy pasture. tures and identifying a weeds issue. This defines the scope Weeds are seldom a serious problem in a well-managed, of the problem and allows the best management practices to vigorously growing pasture. Good pasture management be implemented in a timely fashion. The number of weeds, involves the proper choice of the forage species and variety, the species present, and their locations are important. Note an adequate fertility program, controlled grazing manage- the dominant species as well as uncommon or perennial ment, and pest management (weeds, insects, and diseases). weeds. The management strategies adopted should focus If pasture health declines, weeds will become established. on controlling the dominant species while preventing the Unless the pasture-management problem that caused spread of less common species. If not managed proactively, forage decline is corrected, the grass will not re-establish the less common weeds in a pasture may become dominant and weeds will continue to re-infest the area. Bare ground weed problems. is the perfect environment for establishment of weeds. Proper identification of weeds is the first step toward weed Once established, weeds must be effectively controlled with control.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Control in Home Gardens, SP291-I
    Agricultural Extension Service The University of Tennessee SP 291-I Vegetables Weed Control in Home Gardens R. Allen Straw, Assistant Professor, Plant Sciences Originally developed by David W. Sams, Professor Emeritus, Plant and Soil Science and Craig H. Canaday, Associate Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology What is a weed? used producing lush foliage, large seed or fruit. Therefore, A weed may be broadly defi ned as any unwanted plant, they often thrive where vegetables struggle to produce. or as I have heard it said many times, “a weed is a plant out Many spread rapidly by vegetative structures as well as by of place.” For example, a corn plant is a weed if it is in a seed. The principle methods of weed control fall into three strawberry planting. Most weeds are plants that are gener- categories: (1) mechanical, (2) cultural and (3) chemical. ally considered undesirable by gardeners. They are neither eaten nor considered attractive. They are frequently inva- Mechanical Weed Control sive and diffi cult to control. Mechanical weed control involves removing weeds while they are small and preventing them from producing How do weeds harm gardens? mature seed. It consists principally of mowing, plowing, Weeds compete with crop plants for moisture, nutrients rototilling, hoeing and hand pulling. These procedures and light. They may also harbor insects that harm fl owers give immediate results and require little, if any, specialized or vegetables or transmit diseases to the crop. Weeds can equipment. Their main disadvantage is that they work only also serve as alternate hosts for diseases. They also pro- on growing weeds and may need to be repeated frequently.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Review No. CP 182 / 1807258 Weed Control Options And
    April 2019 Research Review No. CP 182 / 1807258 Weed control options and future opportunities for UK crops Authors: Sarah K. Cook, Laura R. Davies, Frances Pickering, Lynn V. Tatnell, Angela Huckle, Sonia Newman, Chloe Whiteside, Charlotte White, David Talbot, Helen Holmes (ADAS), Patricia E. Turnbull (Independent agronomist), Denis C. Buckley (Independent agronomist), Jim Scrimshaw (PGRO) and Pamela Chambers (UPL) Editors: James H Clarke, Steve Ellis and Sarah Clarke (ADAS Boxworth, Boxworth, Cambs CB23 4NN) This review was produced as the final report of a four month project (CP 182 / 1807258) that started in September 2018. The work was funded under a contract of £26,000 from AHDB and £10,000 from BBRO, with additional funding from BASF, Bayer CropScience, Belchim, Corteva Agriscience, FMC Agro Ltd, Syngenta and UPL Europe Ltd. Additional in-kind funders and contributors: Frontier, Garford Farm Machinery, Hutchinsons, Maize Growers Association, PGRO, Procam and Rootwave. While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. Reference herein to trade names and proprietary products without stating that they are protected does not imply that they may be regarded as unprotected and thus free for general use. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is any criticism implied of other alternative, but unnamed, products.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Non-Chemical Weed Management
    http://www.organicweeds.org.uk A review of non-chemical weed management W Bond1, RJ Turner1, AC Grundy2 1 HDRA, Ryton Organic Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, UK 2 HRI, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK Methods of non-chemical weed control that could be used in organic systems were reviewed previously as part of a desk study funded by MAFF (Bond & Grundy, 1998). Other reviews of developments in non-chemical weed control techniques and systems have included: Morgan, 1989; Parish, 1990a; Stopes & Millington, 1991; Rasmussen & Ascard, 1995; Rasmussen, 1996; Bond & Lennartsson, 1999 and Bond & Grundy, 2001. Bàrberi (2002) in an appraisal of recent organic weed management research questioned whether the right issues have been addressed anyway. The present review aims to update and consolidate the previous MAFF-funded review as part of the Organic Weed Management Project, OF0315, funded by DEFRA. It is intended that this review will be ongoing and based on recent scientific and grower related publications as these become available. The reference list should provide an extensive bibliography of papers relating to most aspects of non-chemical weed control. December 2003 1 http://www.organicweeds.org.uk Contents Introduction DIRECT WEED CONTROL Physical Mechanical weed control Hand tools Harrows Tractor hoes Brush weeders Mowers, cutters and strimmers Pneumatic weed control Thermal weed control Flame weeding Infrared radiation Freezing Steaming Direct heat Electrocution Microwaves Electrostatic fields Irradiation Lasers Ultraviolet light Solarization
    [Show full text]