Men of Ashdown Forest

who Fell in the First World War

and are Commemorated at

Forest Row, Hartfield and Coleman’s Hatch

Case Studies

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Published by

Ashdown Forest Research Group The Ashdown Forest Centre Wych Cross Forest Row East Sussex RH18 5JP http://www.ashdownforest.org/enjoy/history/AshdownResearchGroup.php

© Ashdown Forest Research Group First published August 2014 This revised edition published March 2015.

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CONTENTS

Click on person’s name below to jump to article

05 Introduction

06 Biddlecombe, Henry George

09 Brooker, Charles Frederick

11 Edwards, Frederick Robert

15 Fisher, George Kenneth Thompson

17 Heasman, George Henry

19 Heasman, Frederick James

21 Lawrence, Michael Charles

24 Lawrence, Oliver John

27 Luxford, Edward James

29 Medhurst, John Arthur

31 Mitchell, Albert

33 Page, Harry

34 Robinson, Cyril Charles

35 Robson, Robert Charles

37 Sands, Alfred Jesse

37 Sands, William Thomas

41 Shelley, Ewbert John

43 Sippetts, Jack Frederick

45 Sykes, William Ernest 3

47 Tomsett, Albert Ernest Standen

49 Upton, Albert James

51 Vaughan, Ernest Stanley

52 Waters, Eric Gordon

54 Weeding, George

56 Weeding, John

57 Wheatley, Harry

58 Sources and Acknowledgements

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Introduction

This collection of case studies is being published by Ashdown Forest Research Group to mark the 100th anniversary of the declaration of war by Great Britain on Germany on 4 August 1914, a war which was to have a devastating impact on the communities of Ashdown Forest as it was on the rest of the country.

Our starting point has been to look at those men who are commemorated on the war memorials at Forest Row and Hartfield and in the churches of Holy Trinity, Forest Row, Holy Trinity, Colemans Hatch, and St. Mary the Virgin, Hartfield. We have also taken into account a number of men buried in Forest Row cemetery who fell during the war but whose names do not appear on the war memorial.

The reasons for focusing on communities on the northern side of Ashdown Forest are practical: this is where the main geographical interest of the researchers currently lies, and where they have the greatest local knowledge.

From those men who are commemorated we have selected a number with links to Ashdown Forest whose stories we found particularly interesting or who were particularly representative of Forest life and families. Some are from modest Forest backgrounds, others from more elevated social milieux; some saw action in the ranks, others were officers. The case studies illustrate the vast spectrum of men from this area who fought and died for their country, their contrasting backgrounds and circumstances, their varied activities during the war, and the different theatres in which they fought – not only the Western Front but in more remote parts of the world such as Gallipoli, Palestine and Mesopotamia.

We have also included, because of their exceptional interest rather than their links to the Forest, studies of two brothers who are buried in Mount Noddy cemetery, East Grinstead, one of whom (Frederick James Heasman) actually survived the Great War but was killed during World War Two.

We hope you will find these case studies interesting and thought-provoking. We would welcome corrections and any supplementary information (including photographs) about the men concerned that would improve the profiles that are presented here. Please email us at: [email protected].

Finally, a spreadsheet has been compiled which contains information about all the men commemorated in Forest Row, drawing on the War Memorial, the Book of Remembrance of Holy Trinity Church, and the large variety of sources including census and war records that are now available online. The spreadsheet (and an electronic version of the present document) may be downloaded from the group’s web page at: http://www.ashdownforest.org/enjoy/history/AshdownResearchGroup.php .

Ashdown Forest Research Group August 2014

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HENRY GEORGE BIDDLECOMBE

Ship’s Cook, 1st Class (Officer’s Steward), M4761 Chatham

Killed in action, 1 January 1915, aged 24

Serving on HMS Formidable when it was sunk by enemy action in the English Channel

HMS Formidable

Henry Biddlecombe (also sometimes known as Harry) was born on 17 November 1892 in Forest Row to his parents Joseph and Mary Ann. In the 1901 census the family was recorded as living at Oast Houses, Forest Row (now Oast House, Lower Road). In the 1911 census Henry is listed in the return for the Royal Naval barracks at Chatham. At that time his occupation was recorded as an Officer's Steward. He was then 18 or 19 and was one of 40 young men at the barracks training as a Naval Steward. The next names on the census return are listed as 'boy servant' and are all 17 or under.

Henry was serving aboard the battleship HMS Formidable when it was sunk by a German submarine in the English Channel on 1 January 1915. HMS Formidable was a pre-Dreadnought style battleship of some 15,000 tons, launched in 1898 and based at Sheerness, Kent. Through December 1914 German submarines were increasingly active along the Channel and despite clear warnings HMS Formidable continued to patrol Channel waters. Early on New Year's Day 1915 HMS Formidable was sunk by two torpedoes from a submarine off Start Point, Devon, some 30 miles from the coast. Over 500 of the crew, including Henry, were lost.

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The Formidable was the second Royal Navy battleship to be sunk by enemy action. Its loss was reported on the front page of an American newspaper, the Boston Evening Globe – see image below. This report is particularly interesting as the USA did not enter the war until 1917.

The crew who were killed in action that day went down with the ship and were therefore recorded as 'buried at sea'. 484 of them are commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial; Henry Biddlecombe is on Panel 12. (The names on the memorial are also recorded in the UK Royal Navy and Royal Marine War Graves Roll, 1914-1919).

Royal Naval Memorial, Chatham

The Admiralty commissioned the three main naval manning ports (Chatham, Plymouth and Portsmouth) after the war each to have an outstanding feature as a memorial or obelisk to act as a marker for shipping at sea. The Chatham Naval Memorial was erected as "...a memorial to the naval ranks and ratings of the Empire who fell in the Great War and have no other grave than the sea." It was unveiled on 26 April 1924 by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII. The memorial was extended after World War II, being unveiled by the Duke of Edinburgh on 15 October 1952. The memorial now commemorates some 18,625 casualties, 8,517 coming from the First World War.

Henry Biddlecombe was awarded the Star, Victory and British War Medals. The Allied Victory Medal was awarded to those serving in any operational theatre of war from 5 August 1914 to 11 November 1918. The British War Medal was awarded on the same basis but also applied to civilians. The 1914-1915 Star was awarded to those serving in any theatre between 5 August 1914 and 31 December 1915.

The entry in the Book of Remembrance in Holy Trinity Church is signed by Henry's father Joseph and his mother, Mary Ann, resident at Spring Meadow in Forest Row.

Kevin Tillett 7

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CHARLES FREDERICK BROOKER

Private L/10415 2nd (or 3rd) Royal Sussex Regiment 2nd Battalion

Killed in Action, France, January 1 1915

Buried Le Touret Cemetery, France

Memorial Ref Panel 20 and 21

Le Touret Cemetery and Memorial

Charles Frederick Brooker was born in Brighton, son of George and Harriet Brooker. In 1891 he and his family were living in Marlborough Street, Brighton, but in 1901 the family was in Brunswick Street, Hove, where father George was enumerated as a cab driver and groom. There were four siblings: George, Florence, Lily and Daisy. It was his sister Lily, as Lilian M Stow – then living at Oak Cottage in Forest Row – who is recorded as having signed in the Forest Row Memorial Book. By 1911, Charles was boarding at 18 Malvern Street, Hove, with the Steinhardt family (which ironically had a German-born head) and his occupation was given as fishmonger.

Presumably, Charles joined up at the outbreak of the war, but there is some confusion about which regiment and when. The medal roll, which shows him to have been entitled to the Victory and/or British War Medal, states that he was in the 2nd, while the Memorial Book puts him in the 3rd. However, the 3rd was a reserve regiment, serving at the Newhaven Garrison, while the 2nd landed in France in 1914, so it seems reasonable to speculate that Charles went to France with the 2nd Sussex Regiment in August 1914.

The 2nd Battalion’s war diary shows it to have been at Cambrin, about 7 km from the Le Touret memorial at the beginning of 1915, so it is possible that the following reference on 1 January to ‘missing’ men may have included Charles, as he has no grave:

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Casualties in last night’s affair… 4 rank and file killed, 7 wounded and 10 missing.

The next day the battalion was relieved by the Cameron Highlanders, but the diary records that a great number of men had been lost between 24th December and 2nd January.

Pam Griffiths

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FREDERICK ROBERT EDWARDS

Private, 13th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, SD/2668

Killed in Action, 26 October 1916.

Remembered with Honour on the Thiepval Memorial (Memorial to the Missing of the Somme).

Frederick Robert Edwards was born in 1898 in Hartfield, the son of John Edwards and Annie Edwards (née Card). At the time of the 1911 census, when he was 13, he lived at Holly Cottage, Chuck Hatch, and was attending school. His father was a carter on a farm in the area and his mother a charwoman. He had an elder brother, William John Edwards, 19, who was also a carter on a farm, and a sister Mary Edwards, aged 12. We cannot find a record of William John Edwards serving in the Great War.

Frederick joined up as a private in the 13th Battalion of the Royal Sussex Regiment. The 11th, 12th and 13th battalions of the regiment – the ‘South Down’ or ‘pals’ battalions – were raised and equipped by Lieutenant- Colonel Claude William Henry Lowther, Unionist MP for North Cumberland, who had acquired Herstmonceux castle in 1910, and they subsequently became known as “Lowther’s Lambs”. The battalions were formed at Bexhill on 20 November 1914, where some 1,100 men enlisted in 56 hours. All original enlistments were given an "SD" (South Downs) prefix to their regimental number, and Frederick’s number was SD/2668.

The regiment crossed to France via Southampton on 5-6 March 1916, landing at Le Havre. It served on the Western Front with 116th Brigade, 39th Division until the spring of 1918. The battles it was involved with at the Battles of the Somme included:

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3 September Fighting on the Ancre [Hamel]

26-28 September Battle of the Thiepval Ridge

5 October - 1 November Battle of the Ancre Heights

14 October Capture of the Schwaben Redoubt

21 October Capture of Stuff Trench

13 - 14 November Battle of the Ancre

11th Battalion, the Royal Sussex Regiment, at Cooden, October 1914 (©Paul Reed) We cannot verify if Frederick is in this picture.

The three ‘pals’ battalions of the Royal Sussex Regiment suffered terrible casualties on 30 June 1916, 24 hours before the much better known "First Day on the Somme". This was in a diversionary attack, a large scale raid launched by the 39th Division at a position called the Boar's Head, near Richebourg l'Avoue. Just under 1,100 casualties (dead, wounded and prisoners) were incurred in a fruitless attack that had no effect on the enemy's abilities to withstand the next day's assault on the Somme. The vast majority of the losses were to men from the county of Sussex (source: The Long Long Trail).

Frederick was killed in action on 26 October 1916. The 13th Battalion was involved in a major battle in October 2013. The battalion was serving at Redan Ridge on the Western Front, a ridge which played a significant role in the Somme Offensive of 1916.

Between 19 September and 3 October 1916 the 13th Battalion were posted to Redan Ridge (part of the Battle of the Somme) having relieved the 25th Royal Fusiliers. The time spent there involved frequent fighting

12 with the Germans including shelling of gas on both sides. They were back there on 13 October to relieve the 12th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment. From 10 to 12 October the 13th Battalion were at Engelbelmer Wood where on the 11th a “Canteen started and proved a great success”.

On 21 October his battalion moved up to the Schwaben Trench, where its headquarters were situated. The 8th Suffolks had captured Schwabengraben (Schwabian Trench) during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge (26–28 September).

Schwaben Redoubt had deep dug-outs for accommodation with multiple entrances, a battalion command post, first-aid post, signalling station and strong-points, with three heavy machine-guns and four light machine-guns. Many of the dug-outs were on the perimeter, at trench junctions (clockwise from north, using the English names): Irwin Trench (strong points 49 and 69), Lucky Way (strong point 27), Stuff Trench, Hessian Trench (strong point 45), Martin's Lane, the Strasburg Line (strong point 19) and Clay Trench (strong point 99). Inside the redoubt, along an inner trench on the south-west face, were strong-points 65, 37 and 39. Beyond the south-west face, in the maze of trenches towards Thiepval to the south and St. Pierre Division to the north-west, were nine more strong-points. The redoubt was triangular, with an extension to the east across the Thiepval–Grandcourt road and had a frontage of around 500 metres.

Capture of Thiepval and advance on Schwaben Redoubt, September –October 1916.

The battalion was involved in an attack on Stuff Trench on 21 October. They successfully captured and held the trench and a German attack on Schwaben Redoubt early on 21 October was repulsed. The majority of the fighting took place on 22 October around Stuff Trench. Both Bainbridge and Stuff Trench were heavily bombarded. Three officers were wounded in this fighting and 25 other ranks were killed, 71 wounded and 30 missing. After three days in the rear the battalion was back in Stuff Trench on 25 October when the enemy counter attacked at dawn. Although they were successfully repulsed the front line trench was heavily shelled. As Frederick is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial it is likely that he is one of the missing from this battle.

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Frederick’s page in the Forest Row Book of Remembrance was signed by Annie Edwards (mother), Queensborough Cottages, Forest Row.

Carol O’Driscoll

Commonwealth War Commission Graveyard near New Munich British Trench with Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme in the background.

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GEORGE KENNETH THOMPSON FISHER

Captain, 1st/4th (Territorial) Battalion, Norfolk Regiment

Died of wounds, 3 September 1917

Buried in Gaza War Cemetery, Palestine.

Grave Reference: Plot XXIV. Row A. Grave 12

Gaza War Cemetery

George Kenneth Thompson Fisher was born on 4 August 1879 in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. He was the eldest son of Bishop George Carnac Fisher, who was successively Bishop of Southampton and Ipswich and Hon. Canon of Norwich, and Mary Penelope Gwendoline Thompson, daughter of the late Thomas Charles Thompson, who had been an M.P. for Durham City. In the 1881 census he is enumerated at The Vicarage, Salthouse Road, Barrow, but by 1891 he is enumerated at The Granville, Ramsgate, Kent, then in 1901 at Burgh House, Burgh St. Margaret (more commonly known as Fleggburgh), Norfolk, and finally in 1911 at 108 Ebury Street, SW1. On 23 August 1914 he married Janet Katherine Mary Anson of 23, Launceston Place, Kensington, W8, at St. Bartholomew the Great, West Smithfield, EC1, by special licence from his father. They had two sons.

George graduated with a B.A. from New College, Oxford, in 1902, having studied Art under G. A. Storey, R.A., Frank Brangwyn, R.A., and Arnesby Brown, R.A. He then travelled in Asia Minor and the Balkans before taking an appointment as a labour exchange clerk at the Board of Trade.

Captain Fisher was given a commission on the outbreak of the war in the 4th Norfolks. He sailed with them for Gallipoli in June 1915 and took part in the landing at Suvla Bay (8-15 August), when he was Mentioned in Despatches. He was invalided home suffering from dysentery and then held a staff appointment and subsequently a position in the Ministry of Munitions, but returned to his regiment and sailed for Egypt in March 1917. On the night of 2 September 1917 he was out on patrol and, being somewhat in advance of the 15 rest, was mortally wounded by a bomb thrown by a Turkish sniper. He was brought back into the lines by the patrol but died a few minutes after his return. He was buried in the cemetery four miles south of Gaza.

His Colonel wrote:

“Ever since I took over the command of the Battalion he had been one of my chief supporters. . . . I can't tell you what a help he was to me. I cannot replace him either as an Officer or companion.”

The Chaplain wrote:

“We could ill afford to lose such a fine character. He was a great favourite and beloved by all who knew him. He was always the same, cheerful and good-humoured. I may say that I have lost a true friend.”

Sir George Barnes, K.C.B., Member of the Indian Council, wrote:

“He will be a real loss to the Board of Trade, for, starting at the very bottom, he had steadily won his way upwards by his industry and by his force of character... All the advancement he got he won for himself, and it is no easy thing to win advancement from the bottom in Government employ.”

Captain George Kenneth Thompson Fisher’s links with Ashdown Forest are based on his residence at Ashdown Park, his wife’s father’s residence, which he inherited. Thomas Charles Thompson MP had acquired the estate in 1867 and had promptly knocked down the existing building and set about building a neo-Gothic Victorian manor house that still stands at the heart of Ashdown Hotel and Country Club. The Memorial Book is signed by his widow, Janet, whose address is given as Burgh House, Fleggburgh, but formerly as Ashdown Park.

Carol O’Driscoll

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GEORGE HENRY HEASMAN

6th Training Squadron, Royal Flying Corps

Killed in an air crash on active service, 20 January 1918, aged 27

Buried in Mount Noddy Cemetery, East Grinstead

Lieutenant George Henry Heasman RFC OL was born on 26 August 1890, the eldest son of Henry Heasman, a gentleman, and Eliza Dinah of Southwick House, London Road, East Grinstead. He was educated at Lancing College where he was in Seconds House from September 1904 to July 1907. His father was a well-known owner of race horses and he taught George to ride. He spent a season with the Foxhill trainer W.T. Robinson and in 1911 won his first hurdle race at the Kempton Park January meeting on his father's horse ‘Jeanne La Folle’. He followed this with further success in Austria and in the UK.

Following the outbreak of war he enlisted as a private in the 19th Hussars. In 1915 he transferred to King Edward's Horse (Special Reserve) and went to France in May 1916.

He was appointed to the Royal Flying Corps as a Flying Officer (Observer) and was posted to 70 Squadron on 20 April 1917, his rank having seniority from 29 November 1916. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 1 May 1917.

On 20 August 1917, having returned from France, he was posted to No.8 Training School for pilot training. Following training there were a succession of postings: on 29 October 1917 to 72 Squadron, based at Netheravon; on 8 December to No. 3 Training Squadron; and on 20 December to 85 Squadron.

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On 4 January 1918 he was posted to the 6th Training Squadron as an instructor. Two weeks later he was killed in an air crash at Salisbury Plain while instructing a student pilot. His plane was an Avro 504 aircraft. His father applied for his medals in February 1922.

He is commemorated on the war memorial in East Grinstead and on the memorial in St Swithun's Church, East Grinstead.

His brother Lieutenant Frederick James Heasman MC OL served in World War I and survived, but died on active service on 4 June 1940.

Carol O’Driscoll

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FREDERICK JAMES HEASMAN

3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards, attached to the Royal Artillery

Died of cerebrospinal meningitis while on service, 4 June 1940, aged 47

Buried in Mount Noddy Cemetery, East Grinstead, Section 1, Grave 33

Lieutenant Frederick James Heasman (102311) MC fought in the First World War, during which he won the Military Cross, but died in the Second World War.

He was born at East Grinstead on 30 July 1892, the second son of Henry Heasman, a gentleman, and Eliza Dinah (née Payne) Heasman of Southwick House, London Road, East Grinstead. His brother was George Henry Heasman.

He was educated at Lancing College where he was in Seconds House from January 1907 to December 1908.

He went on to Ceylon and in 1914 joined the Ceylon Planters Rifles as Private 2248. He landed in Egypt on 17 November 1914.

In 1915 he was commissioned into the 1/56th Punjabi Regiment (Frontier Force, Indian Army) and on 6 November 1915 was transferred to the 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards (Special Reserve) with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant. He joined the Battalion in the field on 14 April 1916, serving with No. 4 Company. By April 1917 he had been promoted to Lieutenant and was commanding the company. The 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards transferred to the 2nd Guards Brigade of the Guards Division and engaged in various actions on the Western Front including, during 1916, the Battle of Flers-Courcelette and the Battle of Morval.

During July 1917 he served at Boesinghe:

“At 5am, according to orders, the 3rd Battalion started off with No. 1 Company under Lieutenant E. R. Fryer on the right, and No. 2 Company under Captain the Hon. F. Eaton on the left. In support came No. 3 Company, commanded by Captain W. Neville, while No. 4 Company under Lieutenant F. Heasman was employed in carrying up material to the various objectives, and was directly under the orders of the Brigade. The passage across the canal was successfully accomplished, though owing to the broken bridges there was a certain amount of delay. In some places, indeed, these bridges, consisting of petrol tins, had been so much damaged that there was practically nothing to walk upon. However, the barrage thrown on the Canal was by no means continuous, and as a certain amount of latitude was allowed in the choice of a crossing, officers were able to select comparatively safe courses, with the result that there were no casualties. “

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“During the whole attack No. 4 Company, under Lieutenant Heasman, acted as a carrying party for the whole Brigade, and was split up into five small parties of about twenty men, each under a Sergeant. Yukon packs which the men wore were of great service for carrying shells and water- bottles. Each man carried four Stokes- gun shells and a coil of French wire during the initial stages of the attack, but later in the day two or three tins of water were carried instead. One party made no less than five journeys to the Blue line, a distance of 1000 yards, and the average number of journeys was three. After the third objective had been taken Lieutenant Heasman received orders to go himself to Battalion Headquarters, and to send Second Lieutenant Carrington with the whole of No. 4 Company up to the second objective to relieve the Scots Guards.”

In January 1918 he was Battalion Transport Officer, a position he served in until the end of the war. He was promoted to Acting Captain on the 18th of April 1918 and was awarded the Military Cross in the King’s Birthday Honours List of the 3rd of June 1918.

He relinquished the rank of Acting Captain on the 18th of April 1919 and was mentioned in despatches.

On the 2nd of September 1939 he was granted a short service commission in the Royal Artillery and he died the following June of cerebrospinal meningitis while serving in the West Country.

His funeral was held at St Mary’s Church, East Grinstead on the 7th of June 1940. He is commemorated on the East Grinstead war memorial and on the memorial at St Swithun's Church, East Grinstead.

Carol O’Driscoll

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MICHAEL CHARLES LAWRENCE

Captain, 1st Battalion Coldstream Guards

Died of Wounds, Battle of the Somme, Mouquet Farm, Braye, 16 September 1916

Buried in the Grove Town British Cemetery, Méaulté, France

Grave reference, Plot 1, Row C, Grave 38

Michael Charles Lawrence was born on 6 October 1894 at Wildernesse at Sevenoaks, Kent (photograph below), a year after his brother Oliver. Michael was the son of General the Honourable Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence and his wife Isabel Mary, née Mills. In 1901 Oliver was enumerated at Wildernesse along with his widowed grandmother, his uncle the 2nd Baron Hillingdon, his mother, his father – listed as a cavalry officer – his brother and some 26 servants. His father, himself the son of a Viceroy of India, resigned his commission in 1903 and went into banking, although he returned to military life at the outbreak of war and rose to be Haig’s Chief of Staff. It was he who unveiled the Forest Row War Memorial.

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In 1911, Michael was a scholar at Eton College. Presumably he joined up at the outset of war, when he would have been 19. The 1st Battalion Coldstream Guards were based at Aldershot at the outbreak of war, but within a fortnight they had landed at Le Havre as part of the British Expeditionary Force. In the first year of the war they fought at the Battles of Mons, the Marne, the Aisne and the First Battle of Ypres. In 1916 they were part of the carnage that was the Battle of the Somme, in which Michael was mortally wounded.

Michael’s death, just before his 22nd birthday, was reported in the Kent and Sussex Courier on 22 September 1916 as follows:

Captain Michael Laurence [sic], second son of General the Hon. H. Laurence and Mrs Laurence of Ashdown Place, Forest Row, has died from wounds received in action on September 15th, in France. His elder brother was killed in May last year.

Probate was granted to the Honourable Herbert Alexander Lawrence of Ashdown-place Forest Row, Lieutenant-General in H.M. army. Effects were assessed at £389.12s.9d.

Herbert Lawrence put Ashdown Place up for auction in November 1918. Presumably he and his wife moved to London as the CWGC grave registration notes that Michael’s parents were living at 32 Rutland Gate, London

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OLIVER JOHN LAWRENCE

2nd Lieutenant 1/8th City of London Post Office Rifles

Killed in Action, Festubert, France, 26 May 1915

Buried in the Post Office Rifles Cemetery, Festubert, France.

Grave Reference: Row B, Grave 9

Badge of the Post Office Rifles. Memorial at St. Peter’s Church, Seal, Kent.

Oliver John Lawrence was born in 1893 at Wildernesse at Sevenoaks, Kent (photograph below). This stately pile was the home of his grandparents, Charles Mills Baron Hillingdon and his wife Isabel, daughter of the Earl of Harewood. Oliver was the son of General the Honourable Sir Herbert Alexander Lawrence and his wife Isabel Mary Mills. In 1901 Oliver was enumerated at Wildernesse along with his widowed grandmother, his uncle the 2nd Baron, his mother, his father – listed as a cavalry officer – his brother and some 26 servants. His father, himself the son of a Viceroy of India, resigned his commission in 1903 and went into banking, although he returned to military life at the outbreak of war and rose to be Haig’s Chief of Staff. It was he

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In 1911, Oliver was a scholar at Eton College. Presumably he joined up at the outset of war, when he would have been 21.

The Post Office Rifles were sent to France in March 1915. By the end of the war, 1,800 of their men had been killed. The Battle of Festubert, in which Oliver was killed, was fought between 15 and 25 May 1915 and was the first, and disastrous, British army attempt at attrition. The British forces sustained over 11,000 casualties.

Post Office Rifles Cemetery, Festubert

After Oliver’s death, a memorial service was held. The Kent and Sussex Courier (4.6.1915) recorded that:

For Second-Lieutenant Oliver Lawrence a Memorial Service will be held at St. Peter’s Church, Seal, Sevenoaks on Saturday next, at four o’clock.

The National Probate index noted:

Oliver John Lawrence of Ashdown-place Forest Row Sussex lieutenant 8th battalion London Regiment died 26th May 1915 on active service. Administration London 25 October to the honourable Herbert Alexander Lawrence lieutenant-general H.M. Army. Effects £224 13s. 4d.

Herbert Lawrence put Ashdown Place up for auction in November 1918.

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EDWARD JAMES LUXFORD

Gunner 277542, 119th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery

Killed in Action near Ypres, Belgium, 8 May 1918, aged 43

Buried in the British Cemetery, Gwalia, Poperinge, Belgium

Grave Reference: Plot 11.F.17

(left) Edward James Luxford pictured in 1916 with his wife before leaving Tilbury for France and Belgium. (centre and right) His gravestone and memorial in the British cemetery at Poperinge, Belgium.

Edward James Luxford was born in 1875 in Forest Row. He was the son of Job and Jane Luxford. At the time of the 1881 census they were living at Witch Cross (sic) Inn. In the 1891 census they were recorded as still living in Forest Row. Although they did not appear in the 1901 census, by 1911 they were living at Little Parrock Farm, Coleman's Hatch.

The entry for Edward James in the Book of Remembrance held in Holy Trinity Church, Forest Row, recorded him as the husband of Elizabeth Luxford of 2, Highfields, Forest Row. They had married in 1906. The Remembrance Book entry was signed by his father, Job Luxford, of The Cottage, Highfields, Forest Row.

In 1891 when Edward James was 16 his occupation was given by the census as ‘house painter, builder's apprentice’.

Edward James would have worked for his father, who was a well known local builder and contractor who, according to a 1909 advertisement in the Forest Row Church Monthly, operated from the Steam Joinery Works in Forest Row. He advertised as a painter, glazier, house decorator, plumber and gas and hot-water fitter. He was also the authorised plumber to the East Grinstead and East Surrey water companies.

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Edward James Luxford had originally enlisted in 1895 at the age of 20 years and 9 months. At various times he served in India, Aden, Gibraltar and at home. He was approaching the age of 40 when the First World War broke out. Now a gunner in the 119th Siege Battery, the Royal Garrison Artillery, Edward was killed in action near Ypres, Belgium, on 8 May 1918. He was 43.

He is buried in the British cemetery at Gwalia, Poperinge, Belgium, plot number 11.F.17. The cemetery holds 467 Commonwealth burials of which 465 are identified.

Kevin Tillett

(above) Gwalia cemetery, Poperinge, West Vlaanderen, Belgium.

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JOHN ARTHUR MEDHURST

Sapper 146264, 91st Field Company, The Royal Engineers

Killed in Action, 9 April 1917, aged 25

Buried in Duisans British Cemetery, Nord Pas de Calais, France

Grave Reference: Plot I. L. 1

John Arthur Medhurst enlisted on 2 December 1915. He was the son of Arthur Bromley Medhurst, a builder, and Fannie Medhurst, the village post mistress, who lived at Vine House, Hartfield. John was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and had two siblings, elder sister Nellie, a post office clerk, and a younger brother, Frederick George, a motor engineer who also served in the First World War but survived and died in 1956. The Medhurst family are now funeral directors in Hartfield and still operate from Vine House, now a grade II listed building. John never married.

John served with the 91st Field Company, The Royal Engineers. The latter joined the 15th (Scottish) Division in January 1915, which had been formed in September 1914 as part of Kitchener's Second New Army. They proceeded to France in the second week of July 1915 and saw action in the Battle of Loos (25 September - 18 October 1915). In Spring 1916, they were subject to the German gas attacks near Hulluch and fought in the defence of the Kink position. They were in action during the battles of the Somme, including Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, and the capture of Martinpuich, the battle of Le Transloy and the attacks on the Butte de Warlencourt. In 1917 they were in action in the first and second battle of the Scarpe, including the capture of Guemappe during the Arras offensive.

John was killed in action on 9 April 1917, aged 25, and is buried in Duisans British Cemetery in Etrun. The area around Duisans was occupied by Commonwealth forces from March 1916, but it was not until February 1917 that the site of this cemetery was selected for the 8th Casualty Clearing Station. The first burials took

29 place in March and from the beginning of April the cemetery grew very quickly. Most of the graves relate to the Battles of Arras in 1917 and the trench warfare that followed.

John is commemorated on Hartfield war memorial and in Hartfield churchyard.

Carol O’Driscoll

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ALBERT MITCHELL

Private, 1st Battalion, The Middlesex Regiment

Killed in Action at Meteren, France, 19 April 1918, aged 33

Buried in Meteren Military Cemetery, France

Grave Reference: 1 E 141

(above) Albert Mitchell in 1900

Albert was born in 1885 in Forest Row, East Sussex, the son of Arthur and Susan Mitchell.

In the 1891 census Albert was recorded as living at The Forest, in 1901 he was living at Forest View , near Broadstone, and in 1911 he appeared in the census as being at St. Leonards. In 1901 Albert was recorded as being a golf caddie at Royal Ashdown Golf Club and by 1911 he had progressed to being a golf assistant at St. Leonards’ Golf Club, where his brother Arthur was the professional.

The extended Mitchell family, who had a long-standing association with Ashdown Forest as foresters, labourers and farmers, were an important local golfing family closely connected to the development of courses on the forest at the end of the 19th century. The Royal Ashdown Forest Golf Club was formed around 1889 and the adjoining Cantelupe Golf Club for artisan golfers in 1894. There was a friendly rivalry between the two clubs on neighbouring courses. In the first Cantelupe Handicap Tournament that was won by Alfred Padgham, 8 of the first 9 places were members of local Mitchell families. One of them, Abe Mitchell, was to become a very famous golf professional.

Following the outbreak of war Albert enlisted in the West Kent Yeomanry in February 1915. In 1916 he transferred to the Duke of Cambridge’s Own (Middlesex Regiment 1st Battalion) and was posted to France. He was wounded the same year at the battle of the Somme. After a period of convalescence in England, he 31 returned to France in 1917. Private Albert Mitchell of the 1st Battalion the Middlesex Regiment was killed in action near Meteren in France on 19 April 1918 aged 33. His grave, numbered 1 E 141, is in Meteren Military Cemetery in France.

His mother Susan signed the entry in the Book of Remembrance in Holy Trinity Church, Forest Row. At the time she was living at Forest View, Forest Row.

Kevin Tillett

(above) Memorial commissioned for the Cantelupe Golf Club. (below) Meteren Military Cemetery.

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HARRY PAGE

Private, 7th The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment

Killed in Action, Ferrar’s Wood, France, 23 March 1918, aged 23

Buried in Chauny Communal Cemetery, Aisne, France

CWGC Reference: IWGC 8.4.22

Harry Page was born in 1895 at Meadowlands, Forest Row. He was the son of John and Charlotte Page. In the 1901 census Harry is recorded as living at Shepherds Well (previously Highgate) and in 1911 he was recorded as living in Hartfield Road. At that time he was listed as a builder’s labourer.

The entry in the Book of Remembrance held in Holy Trinity Church, Forest Row was signed by Daisy Page (widow) of Rosemary Lane, Haddenham, Berkshire. Harry had married Daisy in 1917 at Steyning.

Private Harry Page of the 7th The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment was killed in action at Ferrar's Wood in France on 23 March 1918 at the age of 23. He is buried in the British Military Extension of Chauny Communal Cemetery in Aisne, France. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission reference being IWGC 8.4.22. The British extension was formed after the Armistice in 1918 specifically to hold remains collected from battlefields on the Aisne and to centralise remains from nearby smaller cemeteries. Some of the headstones therefore say 'believed to be' and some say 'buried near this spot'.

Kevin Tillett

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CYRIL CHARLES ROBINSON

Lieutenant, 59th Squadron, Royal Air Force

Killed in Action, Doullens, France, 28th April 1918, aged 22

Buried in Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 2, Somme, France

Grave Reference: 1. A 32

(above) Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension no. 2.

Cyril Robinson was born in Forest Row at Ashdown Park in 1896 and was the son of William Charles and Charlotte Emily Robinson. The family address, Upper Lodge, Ashdown Park, is still given in the 1901 census but by 1911 Cyril is living in Brondesbury, NW6, a clerk in the Magnet Works.

At the beginning of the war aeroplanes were used for photographic reconnaissance work, a camera often mounted at the rear. Defensive manoeuvres by the opposing sides led to dogfights and bombing of ground positions. With solo reconnaissance the pilot had to fly, navigate, observe and transmit observations to ground base by wireless morse. When there was a pilot and observer the latter was at first senior, the pilot just the “driver” but gradually the roles were reversed as pilots often needed to take immediate evasive action. Parachutes, just being developed, were not used: senior staff felt that there would be a temptation to abandon the machine and many pilots felt their drag reduced the plane's effectiveness. Some parachutes were available to observers in tethered balloons.

The Royal Flying Corps merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on 1st April 1918 to become the Royal Air Force. Pre-RAF ranks continued to be used for serving men, the new RAF ranks gradually replacing them. Cyril Robinson did not survive long enough to take on a new rank.

His entry in the Forest Row memorial book was signed by his father, by then living in Hounslow.

Vivien Hill

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ROBERT CHARLES ROBSON

Private 28038 15th/48th Royal Highlanders of Canada

Died in hospital at Aubigny, France, aged 29

Buried in the Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension, near the village of Aubigny-en-Artois, Pas de Calais

(Grave Record IV.K.10)

(above right) 48th Highlanders of Canada Regimental Memorial, Queen’s Park Toronto

Son of Joseph and Marian Robson he was born at Wych Cross in 1889. The family were living in East Grinstead by the time of the 1891 census with Robert employed at Wych Cross Post Office. In 1901 the family are living at 1 Alpha Cottages, Golf Road, now Chapel Lane.

It would seem that Robert later emigrated to Canada. There was encouragement from both the British and Canadian governments for qualified men, labouring men and potential wives to emigrate. The Dominion of Canada, self-governing since 1867, was seen as a land of opportunity with markets for its products such as grain and furs back in industrialised Britain and elsewhere.

At the outbreak of war many men born in Britain as well as thousands of Canadians joined up to fight for the "mother country" and Empire. Many Canadians were of Scottish descent, the 15th/48th Highlanders had and still has links with Scots regiments as do many others. The cap badge has the Gaelic motto “Dileas Cubrath”, "forever faithful". During the war the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) was authorised to

35 embark on 1 September 1914, embarking on 26th Sept, arriving in France on 15 February 1915. The battalion fought as part of the 3rd Infantry Brigade, 1st Canadian Division throughout the war.

There is a memorial to the fallen in Queen's Park, Toronto, the regiment's home town.

The entry in the Forest Row memorial book was signed by his father, Joseph, still living at Alpha Cottages.

Vivien Hill

36

ALFRED JESSE SANDS

Private, 1st/4th Royal Sussex Regiment, TF/2292

Died of Wounds during the Dardenelles campaign aged 19, buried at sea in the Mediterranean

Commemorated at the Helles Memorial, Turkey, panel 125

Alfred Jesse Sands was born in Forest Row in 1896, the younger son of Thomas and Mary Sands. In the 1901 census he was living at Alpha Cottages, Golf Road ( now known as Chapel Lane) but was living at Sands Cottage in 1911. "Sands Cottage" may have been used to identify the Sands' house in the row of artisans' dwellings. The next habitation on the census is Stone House Lodge, on Hartfield Road, a few hundred yards east. The line of the path between the first (Alpha) cottages in Chapel Lane and the lodge is now part of Park Crescent, developed between the wars.

The 1911 census shows Alfred as a messenger boy with the GPO, (General Post Office). This would be a typical job for a boy of fifteen. Telegraph messages received at the Post Office would be printed out on narrow strips, stuck to a form and a boy who knew the locality well would deliver them. With a uniform provided and possibly a cycle it was regarded as a good start for a working class boy.

Alfred's entry in Forest Row memorial book is signed by his mother, then living at Tudor Cottage on the north side of Hartfield Road a few hundred yards west of Chapel Lane.

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The Helles Memorial is an obelisk that can be seen by ships passing through the Dardenelles. The memorial commemorates those who died in the Dardenelles campaign and those who were buried at sea or who have no known grave.

Vivien Hill

38

WILLIAM THOMAS SANDS

Private 241867, 2/6th Royal Warwickshire Regiment (formerly 2290, Royal Sussex Regiment)

Killed in Action north-east of Ypres, Belgium, 31 August 1917, aged 23

Buried in Oxford Road Cemetery, Ypres, Belgium

Grave Referemce I. B. 3

(above) Grave of WT Sands – Ypres (above) Oxford Road Cemetery, Ypres

William Thomas Sands was born in Forest Row in 1894, the elder son of Thomas and Mary Sands. His younger brother Alfred was also killed in the First World War. In 1901 he was living at Alpha Cottage, Forest Row. [This is in Chapel Lane, but the next houses on the schedule are Stone House Lodge, followed by Stone House - which is on Hartfield Road, so Alpha Cottage may have been at the bottom of Chapel Lane. Tudor Cottage – see below - is close by].

In the 1911 census he was enumerated as an apprentice draper, living with his parents, brother and two sisters at Sands Cottage, Forest Row. His father was a carpenter, born in Hartfield.

William enlisted at Horsham, Sussex. He served as a private in the 2/6th Royal Warwickshire Regiment (formerly 2290, Royal Sussex Regiment). The 2/6 Royal Warwickshire Regiment was formed in Birmingham in 1914 as a second line battalion, but seems to have been incorporated into the 2nd Warwickshire Brigade, 2nd South Midland Division before being redesignated as 182nd Brigade, 61st (2nd South Midland) Division. It arrived in France on 21 May 1916.

William was killed in action north-east of Ypres on 31 August 1917. He was 23. The entry in the Remembrance Book in Holy Trinity Church, Forest Row states that he was killed north-east of Ypres and it is signed by his mother as M Sands of Tudor Cottage [Hartfield Rd] Forest Row.

William was the only person listed in the Remembrance Book as having been part of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment; he was one of five killed at Ypres, although the only one buried at Oxford Road.

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William’s father Thomas was buried on 3 December 1926 from an address in Chapel Lane, Forest Row. Mary Sands was buried on 6 February 1965 from Upper Close, also Forest Row [this was one of a group of houses built as council houses between the wars, but now largely privately owned]. She was 92 and had outlived her son by 48 years.

Pam Griffiths

40

EWBERT JOHN SHELLEY

Sapper 2209, 1st/3rd Kent Field Company, The Royal Engineers

Died at Sea, 28 October 1915, aged 20

Buried: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli

Ewbert John Shelley is one of two men (the other is Driver Ernest Stanley Vaughan, also profiled in this document) commemorated on Hartfield war memorial who in 1915 were lost at sea in the sinking of HMS Hythe during the Gallipoli campaign (25 April 1915 - 9 January 1916), the unsuccessful attempt by Allied forces to seize the Gallipoli peninsula, on the northern bank of the Dardanelles, a vital part of a plan to capture Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Ewbert John Shelly was enumerated in the 1911 census as living at the police station in Hartfield. His occupation was given as house boy. His father was the police sergeant for Hartfield.

The background to the sinking of HMS Hythe is as follows.

On 11 October 1915, 231 men of 1/3 (Kent) Field Company Royal Engineers sailed out of Devonport bound for the eastern Mediterranean and Gallipoli – just too late for the War Cabinet’s decision of the previous day to stop sending any more troops to Gallipoli.

The voyage out to the eastern Mediterranean was uneventful. At Mudros Bay, Turkey, most of the Company transferred to a smaller ship, the HMS Hythe, a cross-channel paddle driven ferry built in 1905 and requisitioned from the South East and Chatham Railway to be initially used as a minesweeper, to transport them to Helles.

Major Ruston described what happened on 28 October 1915:

“We had sailed from Mudros about 4pm. It was a rough and squally day and … a great number of the men were seasick. However, we had almost reached our destination [about 8pm] and were beginning to think about disembarking when suddenly a large vessel loomed out of the darkness and in spite of all efforts to avoid a collision it ran into us, cutting deep into our port bow and bringing down the foremast. In ten minutes the vessel sank, leaving numbers struggling in the water or hanging on to spars and other floating matter. The boats of the other vessel did all they could and picked up many poor fellows – but all too few, for nearly 130 men drowned.”

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The vessel that had run into the overcrowded Hythe was another British troop ship, the Sarnia , which was returning to Mudros Bay having left her passengers at Helles.

Some of the men were killed by the actual collision, some were trapped in the sinking ship, and others were drowned in the chaos that followed and in the scramble for the few life-jackets that could be grabbed before the Hythe went down. One hundred and fifty four soldiers and crew died that night.

HMS Sarnia was also a requisitioned ferry, built in 1910 for the London and South Western Railway. In war service she became an armed boarding steamer. With a displacement of 1498 tons and a top speed of 20.5 knots, Sarnia was a much larger and more powerful vessel than the Hythe, whose limit was only 12 knots.

Both vessels had made at least one change of course but it seems that neither slowed down. The Sarnia struck the port side of the Hythe with such force that its bows cut halfway through the ship. That brought the Hythe to a dead stop and caused its mast to collapse on the awning. Numerous deaths were caused instantly by the bows and the mast but those remaining fared little better. The immense damage caused the Hythe to sink rapidly. It was all over in a little as ten minutes. Many drowned trapped under the awning or in the cabs of their vehicles. The others had little or no time to gain the railings and throw off their kit before they were in the sea. Panic reigned as soldiers scrambled for the few life-jackets that could be grabbed before the Hythe went down. Most of those who jumped overboard were drowned in the chaos that followed.

Although HMS Sarnia survived the collision with the Hythe, it was later sunk by torpedo in the Mediterranean on 12 September 1918.

Carol O’Driscoll

42

JACK FREDERICK SIPPETTS

Died in hospital at Kasvin, Mesopotamia, 5 October 1918. Age: 27

Sergeant 200777, 1/4th (T.F) Battalion (Royal) Hampshire Regiment

Buried in Kasvin Russian Cemetery*, Persia

Grave Reference: Row 4 Grave 4

(above) Tehran War Cemetery

Jack Frederick Sippetts was christened at Forest Row on 30 October 1892, the son of Richard and Jemima Sippetts. In 1901 he was living at Queensborough Cottage with his parents; he seems to have been the only child. His father was enumerated in the census as a bricklayer’s labourer and his mother as a laundress. He has not been found in the 1911 census, though his father – a general labourer – and mother were living at 5, Castle Cottages in Forest Row.

Jack enlisted at Hamilton Camp, Hampshire, and was 27 when he died. The entry in the Remembrance Book in Holy Trinity Church, signed by his mother, Jemima Sippetts, of 3, Castle Cottages, Forest Row , states that he was born on Tompsetts Bank (which places him in the heart of Ashdown Forest) and died in hospital in Kasvin, Mesopotamia (presumably Qazvin in modern Iran, about 150 km north-west of Tehran). However, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website places him in Tehran Cemetery.

Jack was the only person listed in the Remembrance Book as having been part of the 1/4th Hampshire Regiment, and the only person to have died and be buried at Kasvin. The 1/4th Battalion Hampshire Regiment was formed as part of the Territorial Force at Winchester in 1914 as part of the Hampshire Brigade in Wessex Division. If Jack joined up at the outbreak of war he would have sailed with them to India in August 1914. By March 1915, though, the battalion was in Basra and remained in Mesopotamia and Persia for the rest of the war.

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Queensborough Cottage was an adapted, timber-framed Wealden house, and stood across the present Forresters Green from the pub. It was also known, presumably ironically, as Queensborough Castle. It was demolished in the 1930s, but there is a picture in the Peter Kirby photographic collection. Castle Cottages were situated near the Brambletye Castle pub.

*The CWGC site refers to this as Kasvin British War Cemetery; there is no reference to a Kasvin Russian Cemetery.

Pam Griffiths

44

WILLIAM ERNEST SYKES

Lieutenant Colonel, 9th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment

Committed suicide at Tidworth, Wiltshire on 8 January 1915, aged 41

Buried at Holy Trinity Church, Coleman’s Hatch, East Sussex

William Ernest Sykes was born in Dersan, India in 1873, the son of Major-General H. P. Sykes (Bombay Lancers) and Mary A. Sykes. He married Olive Mary Bellairs.

Sykes was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the York and Lancaster Regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant into the Lancashire Fusiliers on 10 August 1900. In the South African War of 1899-1902 he served first as lieutenant and then as captain. He was mentioned twice in despatches for his gallant service.

At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 Sykes was a substantive major attached to the 5th battalion, Worcestershire Regiment. He was given the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel on appointment to command the 9th battalion, Worcestershire Regiment, that same year. He was based at Tidworth, Wiltshire.

William Ernest Sykes shot himself with a revolver on 8 January 1915, aged 41, leaving a wife and child. The cause of his suicide was given as “overwork”. During the previous two or three months it was reported that he had been in a very nervous state and worried over details. Two months earlier he had gone on sick leave on the recommendation of the general but returned “looking very ill and concerned about everything”. (Surrey Mirror, 12 January 1915)

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He is buried in the church yard of Holy Trinity church, Coleman's Hatch. He is also commemorated on the Forest Row Memorial. The memorial book is signed by G Bellairs, his mother-in-law, of Stone House, Forest Row.

Carol O’Driscoll

46

ALBERT ERNEST STANDEN TOMSETT

Private, 4th Royal Sussex Regiment; attached 4th Tank Corps

Died of Wounds on 26 March 1918 at Etaples, France, aged 24

Buried at Etaples Military Cemetery

Grave Reference: Plot XXX.J.24A

Albert Ernest Standen Tomsett was born in 1893 at Forest Row. His parents were Albert and Bertha Tomsett née Weller, who had married in 1891. Albert’s namesake, Albert senior’s brother Ernest Standen Tomsett, had joined the Rifle Brigade in 1887, which may have influenced his nephew’s decision to join up (both Standen names commemorate Albert senior’s father, who is recorded as Standing Tomsett). By contrast, Albert senior was a house painter. The census returns show the family, including a younger sister Dora, living in Hartfield Road, Forest Row in 1901 and at Clyde Cottage, Highgate, in 1911, when Albert junior was recorded as an apprentice at the cycle works. His father also gave Clyde Cottage as his address when he signed the Memorial Book.

Both the names Tomsett and Standen would suggest long-standing roots in the area: Forest Row has a road named Tompsets Bank, named for one Widow Tompset who was granted land there at the time of the 17th century enclosures, while Standen was a farm in East Grinstead, developed by the Beale family in the late 19th century into an Arts and Crafts house and garden.

Albert is one of five men commemorated on the Forest Row Memorial who were members of the 4th Royal Sussex Regiment. This was formed in 1908, and became part of the Territorial Force, with C company being 47 recruited from East Grinstead and Crawley. In 1914 the companies were rationalised, with C joining with E which recruited from Horsham, and the 4th became the 1/4th Battalion which served in Gallipoli between August and December 1915. The battalion then moved to Egypt before taking part in operations in Palestine in 1917 – notably the three Battles of Gaza and the Capture of Jerusalem. 1918 found the battalion on the Western Front in France where it fought in the Battles of the Marne and at Ypres, but by this time Albert was already dead.

Pam Griffiths

48

ALBERT JAMES UPTON

Gunner 62637, S Battery, Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery

Killed in Action on 24 June 1915 at Ahwaz, Mesopotamia

Buried in Basra War Cemetery, Mesopotamia

Grave Reference: Plot 5. Row D. Grave 1

(above) Map of Basra War Cemetery

Albert James Upton was born in 1891, the son of James and Harriet Upton, née Murton, who had married at Forest Row on 15 September 1888. He was the second of four children. Albert was listed in the 1891 census (taken on 5 April) as a month old, so was probably born sometime in March, his christening taking place on 29 March at Forest Row. The family was enumerated on Tomsett’s Bank in 1891 but at Rose Cottage, Highgate – still on Ashdown Forest – in 1901, with the father’s occupation given as bricklayer’s labourer. His father James died in 1908, which may be part of the reason why, by the 1911 census, Albert had already joined the army. He had enlisted at East Grinstead and was enumerated at the 1st Cavalry Brigade Horse Artillery, Wellington Lines, Aldershot, where he was recorded as a 20 year old Gunner. The majority on the same page were gunners, but there were also several drivers, and a few bombadiers and acting bombadiers. Wikipedia suggests that the 1st Cavalry Brigade (which was based at Aldershot so presumably the same as the 1st Cavalry Brigade Horse Artillery) was initially sent to the Western Front after the declaration of war, so it is possible that Albert served there before being posted to Mesopotamia (Iraq).

The British interest in Mesopotamia in WWI was a result of the need to keep the oil flowing to fuel the navy. Basra and Qurna were captured in 1914, but the Turks attempted to recapture the former between 11 and

49

14 April 1915. The next big action was the Capture of Nasiriyeh between 27 June and 24 July. Albert Upton seems to have been killed between these events, maybe in a minor skirmish.

Albert Upton was the only member of the Royal Horse Artillery commemorated at Forest Row. The Royal Horse Artillery was responsible for the light, mobile guns designed to create firepower to support of the cavalry. In 1914 one battery of the RHA was attached to each brigade of cavalry. Each battery had six 13- pounder field guns and 5 officers in charge of 200 men. The guns were moved by some of the million horses sent to the front.

The Remembrance Book was signed by his mother, Harriet Upton, who gave her address as 20, Watcombe Road, South Norwood, SE25. In 1911, she had been living as a widowed laundress at 1, Triangle and Oak Cottages in Forest Row.

Pam Griffiths

50

ERNEST STANLEY VAUGHAN

Driver, 1st/3rd Kent Field Company, The Royal Engineers

Died at sea on 28 October 1915, aged 19

Buried at Helles Memorial, Gallipoli 1991

(above) Helles Memorial

Ernest Stanley Vaughan was listed as an errand boy in the 1911 census. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Vaughan, of Station Rd., Withyham, Sussex. His father was a farm labourer. The family lived at Robins Lane, Hartfield.

He and Ewbert John Shelley (also profiled in this document) were lost at sea on HMS Hythe in 1915 during the Gallipoli campaign. They are both commemorated on the Hartfield War Memorial.

Carol O’Driscoll

51

ERIC GORDON WATERS

Lieutenant, Hants Carabiniers and 6th Squadron, Royal Flying Corps

Killed in Action, flying over Poperinge, West Flanders, Belgium, on 24 January 1917, aged 30

Buried at Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinghe

Grave Reference: Plot X, Row A, Grave 1

(above) Forest Row Cemetery (above) The grave of Eric Gordon Waters at Lijssenhoek Military Cemetery

Eric Gordon Waters was born in Forest Row in 1886, son of James and Elizabeth Ann Waters. James had married second wife Elizabeth Ann Woodhead in Kensington in 1871, and Eric was the ninth of their 12 children. The census returns show Eric living at Oakcroft, in Forest Row, a house situated where the present Christian Community Church now stands in Hartfield Road. James Waters was a builder and some of his brothers followed their father into the construction business, either as builders or carpenters; the family firm is still operating today. Eric, however, chose to follow a career as an electrical engineer, which is how he is recorded on the 1911 census, and he appears in a list of students in the Journal of the Institution of

Electrical Engineers in 1903 (see http://www.archive.org/stream/journal00statgoog/journal00statgoog_djvu.txt).

A reference in the National Archives Catalogue suggests that 2nd Lieutenant Eric Gordon Waters was connected to the Royal Garrison artillery in 1914, although the London Gazette posted him as 2nd Lieutenant in the Hants Carabiniers as of 19th October 1914. It also notes that ‘Second Lieutenant Eric Gordon Waters is appointed to command the 1st South Western Mounted Brigade, Signal Troop, and is seconded while so employed’. However, he was also still operating as an electrical engineer as on 31st August 1915 he was granted a patent on an electric protective system (which he filed in April that year) which related to the protection of electric systems formed in sections, for example, ring main systems (see http://www.google.com/patents/US1152362).

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While stationed at B.E. Brightlingsea in 1915, he was summoned for ‘driving a motor car in a manner dangerous to the public’ at Chelmsford on October 9th. He apparently took a corner so fast that his vehicle ended up on the wrong side of the road, narrowly missing a cyclist, and skidding 10’ when the brakes were applied. Waters denied the charge, but was fined 50/- and 10/- costs anyway (see http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/?gclid=CPfCgevgs7kCFe_LtAodnSwASQ).

It is not known whether this took place before or after he transferred to No 6 Squadron Royal Flying Corps, but this was where he was serving when he was killed. He was apparently wounded escorting a photographic patrol. His plane was shot up; the observer Sgt Slingsby climbed into the pilot's cockpit and succeeded in landing between Vlamertinge and Ypres. He survived, but Eric, shot in the back and head, did not. He was 30 years old (see http://www.lijssenthoek.be/en/adres/2570/-eric-gordon-waters.html)

Probate of his estate was granted to his mother Elizabeth Ann Waters, with effects valued at £1,215 17/3.

Pam Griffiths

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GEORGE WEEDING

Trooper 1548, No. 2 Company, The Household Battalion

Killed in Action on 3 May 1917 aged 32

Buried at Roeux British Cemetery (Sp. Mem. H. 7)

(above, left) George Weeding’s gravestone (above, right) Roeux British cemetery

George Weeding was born in 1885 at Coleman's Hatch, the son of George and Sarah Ann Weeding. In the 1911 census his occupation is given as labourer but at his death he is listed as a gardener.

In October 1912 he married Alice Wheatley at St. Mary's Church, Hartfield. Alice was born 1888 at Lowlands Farm, Hartfield, the daughter of Joseph Wheatley, a farmer, and Ellen Eliza Wheatley. At the time of her marriage she lived at ‘Hillside’, Coleman's Hatch. Alice, who died in 1974 at the age of 85, lost her brother, Harry Wheatley (also profiled in this document), in 1918.

George and Alice Weeding had two children, Geoffrey Joseph (1913 -1978) and Peter George, who was born and died as an infant in 1914.

George Weeding served as a trooper during the First World War in No 2 Company, the Household Battalion. The Household Battalion was formed in September 1916. It was an infantry battalion with Household Cavalry Officers and NCOs, with men who had volunteered for the duration of the war for the Household Cavalry. Three months after it was formed the battalion was in France, fighting in the trenches at Sailly-Saillisel, in the Somme valley, with the 4th Division. This first action cost them 300 casualties.

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In 1917 the Household Battalion were at the Third Battle of the Scarpe River (May 1917). In a subsidiary action during the Battle of Arras (1917) the battalion fought for 14 days to capture Roeux village; it was during this action that George was killed.

He is Remembered with Honour in Roeux British Cemetery, Pas de Calais, Sp. Mem. H. 7.

Carol O’Driscoll

55

JOHN WEEDING

Private G/13259, ‘D’ Company, 7th Battalion, East Kent Regiment (The Buffs)

Died of appendicitis on 20 August 1917, aged 20

Buried at Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinge, Belgium (XVII-K-4A)

John J. Weeding was the son of George and Sarah Ann Weeding of Edgemount, Colemans Hatch. A gardener, he first enlisted in 1915 at East Grinstead with the Lancers. He later transferred to East Kent Regiment (The Buffs), where he served in ‘D’ company, 7th Battalion.

The 7th (Service) Battalion, the Royal East Kent Regiment (The Buffs), was raised at Canterbury in September 1914 as part of Kitchener's Second New Army and joined 55th Brigade, 18th (Eastern) Division. The Division initially concentrated in the Colchester area but moved to Salisbury Plain in May 1915. They proceeded to France in July and concentrated near Flesselles.

In 1916 they were in action on the Somme in the Battle of Albert, capturing their objectives near Montauban, the Battle of Bazentin Ridge, including the capture of Trones Wood, the Battle of Delville Wood, the Battle of Thiepval Ridge, the Battle of the Ancre Heights, playing a part in the capture of the Schwaben Redoubt and Regina Trench, and the Battle of the Ancre.

In 1917 they took part in the operations on the Ancre including Miraumont and the capture of Irles. They fought during the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line and in the Third Battle of the Scarpe before moving to Flanders. They were in action in the Battle of Pilkem Ridge, the Battle of Langemarck and the First and Second Battles of Passchendaele .

John Weeding died of appendicitis on 20 August 1917 at the age of 20 in No 3 Canadian Casualty Clearing Station.

Carol O’Driscoll

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HARRY WHEATLEY

Private 11406, ‘D’ Squadron, 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers

Killed in Action on the Somme, 26 March 1918, aged 23

Commmorated at Holy Trinity Church, Colemans Hatch

Born in 1895, Harry Wheatley was the son of Joseph Wheatley, a farmer, and Ellen Eliza Wheatley, of Hillside Farm, Coleman's Hatch.

At the time of the 1911 census Harry was 16, his occupation listed as a “son working on the farm”.

Harry was the brother of Alice Wheatley. In 1912 Alice married George Weeding (also profiled in this document), who was also killed during the Great War.

Harry also had another sister, Ellen, and two brothers, Frederick and Sydney. Although Frederick was two years older there is no record of his First World War service.

Harry spent most of his First World War career on the Western Front. A private with the ‘D’ squadron of the 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers, he was reported missing near St. Quentin in March 1918 and later listed as killed in action on 26th March 1918, at the age of 23.

He is remembered with honour on the Pozières Memorial on the Somme and commemorated at Holy Trinity Church, Coleman’s Hatch.

Carol O’Driscoll

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SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

General Sources

Book of Remembrance of Holy Trinity Church, Forest Row. A series of publications, ‘Forest Row; Historical Aspects and Recollections’, by E C Byford. Ancestry http://www.ancestry.co.uk/ Find My Past http://www.findmypast.co.uk/ Commonwealth War Graves Commission http://www.cwgc.org/ Find A Grave http://www.findagrave.com The Long, Long, Trail. The British Army in the Great War of 1914-1918. http://www.1914-1918.net War diaries of Sussex battalions www.westsussexpast.org.uk Old Front Line Battlefields of WW1 http://battlefields1418.50megs.com/ 1/4th Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment http://battlefields1418.50megs.com/4sussex.htm British Army medal index cards 1914-1920 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/medal-index-cards-ww1.htm

Sources on Individuals

Biddlecombe, Henry George Royal Naval Memorial, Chatham: http://www.yeovilhistory.info Front page of the 1 January 1915 edition of the Boston Evening Globe: www.maritimequest.com HMS Formidable: http://www.burtonbradstock.org.uk/ Edwards, Frederick Roberts Capture of Thiepval (map): Somme, 1st Battle of the, France, 1916; Somme, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918; World War, 1914-1918 - Battlefields Publisher: Clermont-Ferrand : Michelin & Cie. Not in Copyright. Commonwealth War Commission Graveyard near New Munich British Trench (photo): courtesy Olivier Bayart, http://westernfrontassociation.com Fisher, George Kenneth Thompson Ashdown Park Hotel and Country Club, History: http://www.ashdownpark.com/about . Heasman, Frederick James Much of the text in the case study has been taken from Lancing College War Memorial. See: http://www.hambo.org/lancing/view_man.php?id=264 The extract describing his role in the action at Boesinghe is taken from a digitised version of The Grenadier Guards in the Great War of 1914-1918 , which was retrieved from: http://archive.org/stream/grenadierguards02pons/grenadierguards02pons_djvu.txt Heasman, George Henry Much of the text in the case study has been taken from Lancing College War Memorial Luxford, Edward James Photographs related to Gwalia cemetery, Poperinge are taken with permission from the website managed by Pierre Vandervelden at: http://www.inmemories.com/Cemeteries/gwalia.htm

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Medhurst, John Arthur http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=56071999 Mitchell, Albert We are indebted to Val Roberts (née Mitchell), whose great uncle was Albert Mitchell, for detailed information and photographs. Shelley, Ewbert John Funnell family history website: http://www.funnell.org/archives/ww1-4-funnells-killed-same-day-same-place/ Salomons Museum website, profile of David Reginald Salomons: http://www.canterbury.ac.uk/salomons-museum/david-world-war-hero.asp Clive Maier, forum comments: http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=13917&hl=hms%20hythe&st=0 Waters, Eric Gordon http://www.archive.org/stream/journal00statgoog/journal00statgoog_djvu.txt http://www.google.com/patents/US1152362 http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/?gclid=CPfCgevgs7kCFe_LtAodnSwASQ Lijssenhoek Military Cemetery: http://www.lijssenthoek.be/en/adres/2570/-eric-gordon-waters.html Weeding, George Roeux British Cemetery: http://www.inmemories.com/Cemeteries/roeuxbritish.htm Weeding, John Lijssenhoek Military Cemetery: http://www.lijssenthoek.be/en/adres/12977/-john-weeding.html Wheatley, Harry http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=83174030 http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=16068894 See also Ciaran Byrne, The Harp and Crown, the History of the 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers, 1902 – 1922, p.199.

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