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Site U14331 1 Background and Objectives 1 Operations 6 Lithostratigraphy C.-F

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Site U14331 1 Background and Objectives 1 Operations 6 Lithostratigraphy C.-F Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, 2015 Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 349 publications.iodp.org doi:10.14379/iodp.proc.349.105.2015 Contents Site U14331 1 Background and objectives 1 Operations 6 Lithostratigraphy C.-F. Li, J. Lin, D.K. Kulhanek, T. Williams, R. Bao, A. Briais, E.A. Brown, Y. Chen, 13 Biostratigraphy P.D. Clift, F.S. Colwell, K.A. Dadd, W.-W. Ding, I. Hernández-Almeida, 18 Igneous petrology and alteration X.-L. Huang, S. Hyun, T. Jiang, A.A.P. Koppers, Q. Li, C. Liu, Q. Liu, Z. Liu, 23 Structural geology R.H. Nagai, A. Peleo-Alampay, X. Su, Z. Sun, M.L.G. Tejada, H.S. Trinh, Y.-C. Yeh, 25 Geochemistry C. Zhang, F. Zhang, G.-L. Zhang, and X. Zhao2 32 Microbiology 34 Paleomagnetism Keywords: International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP, JOIDES Resolution, Expedition 349, 38 Physical properties Site U1433, South China Sea, pelagic red clay, Ar-Ar dating, plagioclase phenocryst, deep 41 Downhole measurements biosphere, carbonate turbidite, calcite compensation depth, basalt alteration, magnetic 48 References susceptibility, cooling effect, magnetic anomalies, radiolarians, nannofossils, Nereites ichnofacies, Dangerous Grounds Background and objectives Operations Because of the marked contrast in magnetic anomaly amplitude The original operations plan for Site U1433 (proposed Site SCS- between the Southwest and East Subbasins of the South China Sea 4B) consisted of drilling one hole to a depth of ~965 m below sea- (SCS) (Yao, 1995; Jin et al., 2002; Li et al., 2007, 2008), it is justifiable floor (mbsf), which included 100 m of basement. This plan was to question whether rifting and drifting within these 2 subbasins modified during transit in order to eliminate the use of a free-fall were synchronous or diachronous and how these subbasins evolved funnel and the extended core barrel (XCB) by coring 2 holes (Table in comparison to the Northwest Subbasin. Site U1433 is located in T1). Hole U1433A was cored using the advanced piston corer the Southwest Subbasin near the relict spreading center and mag- (APC) to refusal at 188.3 mbsf. Hole U1433B was drilled to netic Anomaly C5d identified by Briais et al. (1993) (Figures F1, F2, 186.1 mbsf and then cored using the rotary core barrel (RCB). The F3). Together with Site U1431 in the East Subbasin, coring at these sediment/basement interface was encountered at ~798.5 mbsf, and sites will help to explain the sharp differences in magnetic ampli- we advanced the hole by rotary coring into basement to a final tude between the East and Southwest Subbasins and test the hy- depth of 858.5 mbsf. After conditioning the hole for logging, we de- pothesis that in the Southwest Subbasin the transition from ployed the modified triple combination (triple combo) tool string continental rifting to seafloor spreading occurred more recently and the Formation MicroScanner (FMS)-sonic tool string to 840 m than in the East Subbasin (Pautot et al., 1986). Coring will help de- wireline depth below seafloor (WSF), with multiple passes made in termine the age of this subbasin near the end of the spreading and the basement section of the hole with the latter tool. correlate ages from magnetic anomalies with biostratigraphic, mag- A total of 94 cores were collected at this site. The APC was de- netostratigraphic, and radiometric ages. The apparent weak magne- ployed 20 times, recovering 168.79 m of core over 188.3 m of pene- tization in basement rocks suggested by the magnetic anomaly tration (89.6% recovery). The RCB system drilled one 186.1 m amplitudes will be examined by petrological analyses of chemical interval and collected 74 cores, recovering 443.04 m of core over compositions and measurements of magnetic susceptibility. The 672.4 m of penetration (65.9% recovery). The overall recovery at specific objectives at this site are to Site U1433 was 71.1%. The total time spent on Site U1433 was 284.5 h (11.9 days). 1. Determine the termination age of spreading in the Southwest Subbasin and correlate it to ages of regional tectonic events; Transit to Site U1433 2. Test the rifting and subsequent seafloor spreading models of the After a 334 nmi transit lasting 29.9 h, the vessel arrived at Site Southwest Subbasin; U1433 (proposed Site SCS-4B) and switched to dynamic position- 3. Measure magnetization, mineralization, and geochemical com- ing mode at 0230 h (UTC + 8 h) on 8 March 2014. At 0255 h, an positions of basement rocks to trace how the mantle evolved acoustic positioning beacon was deployed. The position reference through time; and was a combination of GPS signals and a single acoustic beacon. 4. Examine the paleoceanographic and sedimentary response to the opening of the SCS. 1 Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W.-W., Hernández-Almeida, I., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1433. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.105.2015 2 Expedition 349 Scientists’ addresses. MS 349-105: Published 30 March 2015 C.-F. Li et al. Site U1433 Figure F1. A. Bathymetric map of the South China Sea region. Solid yellow Figure F2. Shaded map of magnetic anomalies near Sites U1433 and U1434 circles = Expedition 349 sites. Solid pink circles = ODP Leg 184 sites. Yellow (data from Ishihara and Kisimoto, 1996). Bold black lines mark 3000 m iso- dashed line = inferred continent/ocean boundary, blue lines = fossil South baths outlining the seamounts. Symbols are magnetic anomaly picks from China Sea spreading center, white-flagged line = Manila Trench. B. Detailed Briais et al. (1993). bathymetry around Sites U1433 and U1434 (red box in A) showing nearby seamounts and the Dangerous Grounds and Reed Bank to the south. 14°00' N A Taiwan 24° Guangzhou N Hong Kong 22° −3000 Dongsha Hanoi Pearl River Beibu Mouth Basin ODP Site 1144 13°30' Basin ODP Site 1145 20° ODP Site 1146 Hainan ODP Site 1148 Song Hong Bas 1000 Yi IODP Site U1435 nggehai- 2000 3000 IODP Site U1432 18° −3000 Basin QiongdongnanXisha Trough 4000 U1434 in Luzon IODP 16° Macclesfield Site Manila Bank U1431 13°00' IODP Central Site 14° Highlands U1434 U1433 IODP Site East Vietnam Transform East Vietnam U1433 12° 5c ry a d Reed 5d n u o Bank 5e Ho Chi Minh City cean B -O nt Dangerous h 6 ne ti Grounds awan on 6a C Troug Pal 10° ODP Site 1143 12°30' Nam Con Son Basin 114°00'E 114°30' 115°00' 115°30' N. Borneo 106°E108°110°112° 114° 116° 118° 120° 122° −950 −100 −70 −50 −35 −20 0 20 40 70 1330 nT B 15° N Figure F3. A. Regional contoured bathymetric map showing seismic reflec- 14° tion profiles (red lines) and the location of Sites U1433 and U1434. Contour interval = 100 m. B. Seismic profile Line 973SCSIO_2b with location of Site U1433. SP = shotpoint. Green line = interpreted top of basement, blue line = Site U1434 approximate uppermost Miocene sediment. Site U1433 13° 14°N A N DS Bathymetry (m) 3 Fossil spreading centerean Bo −500 Oc unda 12° t- ry n e −1000 in t Reed n −1500 o Bank C Dangerous Grounds 13°30’N 11° −2000 112°E 113° 114° 115° 116° 117° 118° −2500 U1434 −3000 A3B6 −3500 13°N ng center Hole U1433A U1433 −4000 ict spreadi After arriving on site and deploying the acoustic positioning Rel −4500 beacon, an APC/XCB bottom-hole assembly (BHA) was assembled CSIO_2b and run to 800.4 m below rig floor (mbrf). At 0520 h, a tool joint 3S 12°30’N 97 parted on the twenty-fourth stand of drill pipe, just after picking up 114°E 114°30’ 115° 115°30’ the drill string and just prior to unlatching the lower set of elevators. B Shotpoint numbers (50 m/SP) The load cell weight at the time of the incident was recorded at 5000 4950 4900 4850 4800 4750 4700 2.0 km ~200,000 lb. The entire weight of the drill string dropped ~18 973SCSIO_2b Site U1433 inches and landed in the lower set of elevators, which were resting 6.0 on top of the dual elevator stool. The pin on the top single of drill pipe had parted, leaving one single hanging from the upper set of 6.5 elevators and 2 singles sticking up from on top of the lower set of elevators. The stand was then laid out to the V-door. The broken 7.0 pipe was visually inspected and photographed. As a precaution, the Two-way traveltime (s) twenty-third stand was also disassembled and laid out. The bottom 7.5 set of elevators was removed from use and replaced with a recondi- SW NE IODP Proceedings 2Volume 349 C.-F. Li et al. Site U1433 Table T1. Coring summary, Site U1433. CSF = core depth below seafloor, DRF = drilling depth below rig floor, DSF = drilling depth below seafloor. H = advanced piston corer, R = rotary core barrel, numeric core type = drilled interval.
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