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20, a New Secondary Phosphate Mineral from the Foote Mine, USA

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20, a New Secondary Phosphate Mineral from the Foote Mine, USA Eur. J. Mineral. 2016, 28, 655–661 Published online 2 March 2016 2+ 2+ 3+ Ferraioloite, MgMn 4(Fe 0.5Al 0.5)4Zn4(PO4)8(OH)4(H2O)20, a new secondary phosphate mineral from the Foote mine, USA 1, 2 3 2 4 STUART J. MILLS *,IAN E. GREY ,ANTHONY R. KAMPF ,COLIN M. MACRAE ,JASON B. SMITH , 2 2 CAMERON J. DAVIDSON and A. MATT GLENN 1 Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 2 CSIRO Mineral Resources, Private Bag 10, Clayton South 3169, Victoria, Australia 3 Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA 4 1304 Kennon St., Charlotte, NC 28205, USA 2+ 2+ 3+ Abstract: Ferraioloite, MgMn 4(Fe 0.5Al 0.5)4Zn4(PO4)8(OH)4(H2O)20, is a new secondary phosphate mineral from the Foote Lithium Company mine, Kings Mountain district, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA. The mineral was found in tiny vughs within a thin seam of very fine-grained, sugary pegmatite with vivianite, fairfieldite/messelite, phosphophyllite, scholzite/ parascholzite, rittmannite, mangangordonite, kingsmountite, kastningite and metaswitzerite. Ferraioloite crystals occur as very thin greenish grey to lemon yellow plates or blades up to about 0.2 mm in length, but no more than a few mm thick. Crystals are biaxial (À), with indices of refraction a = 1.575(calc), b = 1.5825(5), g = 1.5835(5), 2V(meas.) = 40(5). Dispersion is weak: r . v, the orientation is: X a, Y = b, Z c and pleochroism: X, Z = colourless, Y = blue grey; Y .. X Z. The empirical formula 2+ 2+ 3+ (based on 56 O atoms pfu) is Ca0.21Mg0.50Mn 4.16Fe 2.05Al 2.01Zn4.27P8.00H43.59O56. Ferraioloite is monoclinic, space group I2/ m, with the unit-cell parameters: a = 25.333(3) A˚ , b = 6.299(1) A˚ , c = 15.161(3) A˚ , b = 90.93(3) and V = 2419.0(2) A˚ 3. Ferraioloite has a heteropolyhedral layer structure with layers parallel to (100) and with isolated Mg(H2O)6 octahedra and water molecules packing between the layers. The heteropolyhedral slabs have the same topology as falsterite, with Mn2+ replacing Ca2+ and with Al3+ substituting for Fe3+. Key-words: ferraioloite; new mineral; falsterite; pegmatite; Foote Lithium Company mine; crystal structure; synchrotron; phosphate. 1. Introduction Estes pegmatite quarry, Baldwin, Maine, USA. At both of these occurrences, falsterite is associated with schoonerite The new mineral ferraioloite was discovered by one of the (Kampf, 1977; Moore & Kampf, 1977), a mineral with authors (JBS) in 2005 on the East dump of the Foote which it has structural affinities. Interestingly, schoonerite Lithium Company mine, Kings Mountain district, has also been found in the same general assemblage as Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA (3512’40’’N, ferraioloite at the Foote mine. Considering that schoonerite 8121’20’’W). The pegmatite exploited by the Foote is known from several other pegmatites, including the Lithium Company mine is the type locality for twelve Hagendorf Su¨d pegmatite, Bavaria, Germany, it is reason- other minerals (e.g. White, 1981; Atencio et al., 2008), able to expect ferraioloite to be found in other phosphate- seven of which are secondary phosphates. bearing pegmatites in the future. The resemblance of the new phase to the recently The species is named in honour of the late James (Jim) described mineral falsterite (Kampf et al., 2012) was Anthony Ferraiolo (May 14, 1947ÀFebruary 6, 2014). The noted early in our study; however, the very thin, curved mineral is pronounced /fe..(r) i: ‘Ou lOu ait/ (/fe -e i: ‘o- lo- nature of crystal plates presented challenges in its charac- a-t/). Jim worked as scientific assistant at the American terization, especially with respect to the determination of Museum of Natural History (AMNH) from April 1978 its crystal structure. Falsterite was described from the until August 1982 and also as transaction coordinator at Palermo No. 1 pegmatite, North Groton, New Hampshire, the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of Natural History USA, where it occurs in a secondary phosphate assemblage from September 1982 until April 1985. He was best known rather similar to that in which ferraioloite was discovered for his publication A Systematic Classification of at the Foote mine. Falsterite has also been found at the Nonsilicate Minerals (Bulletin 172 of the AMNH, 1982), eschweizerbart_xxx 0935-1221/16/0028-2525 $ 3.15 DOI: 10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2525 # 2016 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-70176 Stuttgart 656 S. J. Mills et al. which was widely used in Museum collections, as a basis for collection classification and organisation (e.g. Museum Victoria, Australia). Recently, Jim was a member of the IMA CNMNC subcommittee for mineral group nomencla- ture and the subcommittee on unnamed minerals. Jim also spent more than a decade as a manager with mindat.org and was instrumental in publishing the description of ferro- laueite (Ferraiolo, 2012; Segeler et al., 2012). The mineral and name (IMA2015À066) were approved by the IMA CNMNC prior to publication. Two cotype specimens are housed in the collections of Museum Victoria, specimen M53492 and M53493, and two cotype specimens are deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, catalogue num- bers 65593 and 65594. 2. Occurrence, location and physical and optical properties The new mineral occurs in very small vughs contained in a Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of intergrown thin seam of very fine-grained, sugary pegmatite (~30 Â blades of ferraioloite. 10 Â 20 cm) as a stringer in more typical pegmatite that was part of a large zinc-bearing boulder found on the East dump (the only zinc-bearing phosphates ever found at the locality were found in this boulder). Mn-bearing fluorapatite, spha- lerite, muscovite and pyrite are common accessory miner- als in the stringer as well as in other places in the larger boulder. Associated secondary minerals in order of abun- dance are: vivianite, fairfieldite/messelite (as boxwork- like networks forming cavity walls), phosphophyllite, scholzite/parascholzite, rittmannite, mangangordonite, kingsmountite, kastningite and, on two specimens, metaswitzerite. Ferraioloite crystals occur as very thin greenish grey to lemon yellow plates or blades up to about 0.2 mm in length, but no more than a few mm thick (Fig. 1). Individual crystals may also show curved faces. The main faces observed are {010}, {100} and {011} (Fig. 2). The plates often form books or rosettes up to about 0.4 mm across. Crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre, flexible with Fig. 2. Crystal drawing of a blade of ferraioloite. an irregular fracture, and have perfect cleavage on {100}. The Mohs’ hardness is estimated to be about 2, based upon behaviour when broken. 3. Chemical composition The density could not be measured because insufficient material is available for direct measurement. The calcu- Quantitative chemical analyses (10) of ferraioloite were lated density is 2.59 g cmÀ3, based on the empirical for- carried out using a wavelength dispersive spectrometer on mula and single-crystal unit cell. Optically, ferraioloite a JEOL JXA 8500F Hyperprobe operated at an accelerat- crystals are biaxial (À), with indices of refraction a = ing voltage of 12 kV and a beam current of 3 nA. The beam 1.575(calc), b = 1.5825(5), g = 1.5835(5), 2V(meas.) = was defocused to 5 mm. Water could not be analysed 40(5) and 2V(calc.) = 40, measured in white light. The directly because of the minute amount of sample available. thinness of the plates made it impossible to accurately H2O was calculated on the basis of P = 8, charge balance measure a; consequently, it has been calculated based and 56 O atoms per formula unit (apfu), as determined by upon b, g and 2V. Dispersion is weak: r . v, the orientation the crystal-structure analysis (see below). Analytical data is: X a, Y = b, Z c and pleochroism: X, Z = colourless, are given in Table 1. The empirical formula of ferraioloite (based on 8 P and Y = blue grey; Y .. X Z. The GladstoneÀDale 2+ 2+ 3+ 56 O apfu) is Ca0.21Mg0.50Mn 4.16Fe 2.05Al 2.01Zn4.27 compatibility is À0.0416 (good) using the empirical 2+ formula and single-crystal unit cell. P8.00H43.59O56. The simplified formula is MgMn 4 eschweizerbart_xxx Ferraioloite, a new mineral from the Foote mine, USA 657 Table 1. Analytical results (wt.%) for ferraioloite. Const. Mean Range SD Standard CaO 0.65 0.51À0.75 0.09 wollastonite (CaSiO3) MgO 1.09 0.92À1.23 0.09 spinel (MgAl2O4) MnO 16.05 14.2À19.51 1.36 rhodonite (MnSiO3) ZnO 18.90 16.76À20.15 1.07 phosphophyllite (Zn2(Fe,Mn)(PO4)2Á4H2O) FeO 8.02 5.71À9.47 1.26 hematite (Fe2O3) Al2O3 5.58 5.23À5.99 0.23 berlinite (AlPO4) P2O5 30.90 29.52À32.17 0.83 berlinite (AlPO4) H2O* 21.30 Total 102.49 * Calculated from structure 2+ 3+ (Fe 0.5Al 0.5)4Zn4(PO4)8(OH)4(H2O)20, which requires JADE 2010 software (Materials Data Inc.). Data are given MgO 2.17, MnO 15.26, FeO 7.73, ZnO 17.52, Al2O3 in Table 2. The unit-cell parameters refined from the 5.48, P2O5 30.54, H2O 21.30, total 100.00 wt.%. powder data using JADE 2010 with whole-pattern fitting are: a = 25.320(6), b = 6.345(6), c = 15.267(6) A˚ , b = 91.031(5), V = 2452.4(4) A˚ 3 and Z = 2, which are in 4. Powder X-ray diffraction excellent agreement with the single-crystal study below.
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