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In China, with Descriptions of Four New Species

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In China, with Descriptions of Four New Species Zoological Systematics, 43(1): 58–65 (January 2018), DOI: 10.11865/zs.201806 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A review of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in China, with descriptions of four new species Zhilin Chen1, 2, Shanyi Zhou1, 2 * 1Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Species of the ant genus Prenolepis in China are reviewed. Seven species are treated, of which four are described as new, namely P. angulinoda sp. nov., P. cyclopia sp. nov., P. quinquedenta sp. nov. and P. striata sp. nov. A key to the known species in China based on the worker caste is provided, and the worker of each species is imaged. Key words Prenolepis, taxonomy, key, China. 1 Introduction The ant genus Prenolepis was erected by Mayr (1861) based on the type species Tapinoma nitens Mayr, 1853 (=Prenolepis nitens). Two years later, Motschoulsky (1863) described another genus Paratrechina, which was little concerned and synonymized with Prenolepis by Dalla Torre (1893). Then, Emery (1925) revalidated Paratrechina from Prenolepis. Now, it is one of the smallest genus in the family Formicidae. LaPolla et al. (2010) investigated the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group, raised Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina to generic status, and provided a morphological diagnosis for the worker caste of all genera. Then, LaPolla et al. (2012) described another genus Zatania, and redefined the genus Prenolepis. In 2016, Williams and LaPolla revised the genus. They reported thirteen species globally, including four new species, provided a key for the worker caste and a morphological diagnosis for the genus, and proposed major taxonomic changes. In China, three species were earliest described under the genus Prenolepis from Hong Kong and Taiwan (Forel, 1912, 1913), while sauteri was transferred to Paraparatrechina, emmae and formosae were transferred to Nylanderia (LaPolla et al., 2010; Blaimer et al., 2015). Since 1995, two species, melanogaster and naoroji, and eight new species were reported in the Chinese ant fauna (Wu & Wang, 1995; Xu, 1995; Wang, 1997; Zhou & Zheng, 1998; Zhou, 2001; Wang & Wu, 2007). Among them, sphingthoraxa was synonymized with flaviabdominis, nigriflagella was synonymized with melanogaster, longiventris and magnocula were synonymized with naoroji; septemdenta was synonymized with opisopthalmia, and tranfered to Nylanderia, umbra was tranfered to Paratrechina (Williams & LaPolla, 2016). In the present paper, seven species in China are recognized, of which four are described as new to science. A key to the known species of the genus in China for the worker caste is provided. 2 Materials and methods The specimens examined are deposited in Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China (GXNU), Southwest Forestry urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:87CE184C-2A0A-41C6-930E-14AD91AC3159 Received 26 May 2017, accepted 20 August 2017 Executive editor: Fuqiang Chen 58 © Zoological Systematics, 43(1): 58–65 A review of Prenolepis in China 59 University, Kunming, China (SWFU) and Hubei Institute of Nationality, Enshi, China (HBIN), respectively. Paratypes are partly deposited in the Insect Systematics Laboratory, Towson University, USA (ISLTU). All measurements are expressed in millimeters (mm). Measurements were made under a Nikon SMZ 745 stereo- microscope with micrometer. Photographic images were made with a NikonAZ100microscope. The morphological abbreviations mostly follow LaPolla et al. (2011a, b): TL—Total length, the total outstretched length of the individual, from the mandibular apex to the gastral apex; HL—Head length, the length of the head proper, excluding the mandibles; measured in full face view from the midpoint of the anterior clypeal margin to a line drawn across the posterior margin from its highest points; HW—Head width, the maximum width of the head in full face view; CI—Cephalic index, (HW/HL) × 100; SL—Scape length, the maximum length of the antennal scape excluding the condylar bulb; SI—Scape index, (SL/HW) × 100; PW—Pronotal width, the maximum width of the pronotum in dorsal view; AL—Alitrunk length, the diagonal length of the alitrunk in lateral from the point at which the pronotum meets the cervical shield to the posterior basal angle of the metapleuron; EL—Eye length, maximum length of the eye in full face view. 3 Taxonomy Prenolepis Mayr, 1861 Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52; LaPolla et al., 2010: 129; LaPolla et al., 2012: 204 (in the key); LaPolla et al., 2014: 40 (in the key); Williame & LaPolla, 2016: 215. Type species: Tapinoma nitens Mayr, 1853 (=Prenolepis nitens). Description (according to Williams & LaPolla, 2016). Monomorphic, medium to large in size. Head rounded in general appearance, with rounded, indistinct posterolateral corners. Antennae 12-segmented; scapes surpass the posterior margin of head. Eyes convex, placed posterior to the midline of the head. Mandibles with 5–7 teeth on the masticatory margin; apical tooth the longest, 3rd and 5th tooth from apical reduced and 6th tooth also reduced when 7 teeth present. Palp formula 6 : 4. In profile view, the mesonotum curved and depressed immediately posterior to the pronotum, which gives the appearance of a mesonotal constriction; mesosoma robust but sometimes much more gracile. Propodeum about the same height or slightly higher than mesonotum; propodeum either domed with a rounded dorsal face, or obtusely angled with a flat dorsal face. Mesonotal and metanotal sutures absent or in complete and shallow. Petiole typically forward-inclined and wedge- shaped, or elongate with a more rounded dorsal apex of the scale. Legs elongate. Smooth and shining or rugose, longitudinal rugae that extend from the mesonotum to the mesopleuron present at the constriction. Head, mesosoma, and gaster typically covered in erect macrosetae that are thin and wispy, dense setation on scapes. Pairs of erect macrosetae run medially from the clypeus to the posterior margin of head. Pale yellow to dark brown in color. Prenolepis angularis Zhou, 2001 (Figs 1–3) Prenolepis angularis Zhou, 2001: 173, fig. 344 (w.). Description. Clypeus without carina. Anterior margin of clypeus shallowly concave. Pronotum and mesonotum together form a convexity that is longer than the propodeal convexity, propodeum with dorsal face and declivous face straight, posterodorsal corner angulate. Colored yellowish brown to dark brown. Measurements. Worker (n=8). TL 2.9–3.1, HL 0.75–0.79, HW 0.72–0.75, CI 94–96, SL 0.93–0.98, SI 129–130, PW 0.42–0.47, AL 0.91–1.06, EL 0.19–0.20. Material examined. Holotype worker, Mao’er Mt. Nature Reserve (110°19.25'E, 25°44.21'N, elev. 934.5 m), Guangxi, China, 10.VII.1994, coll. S.Y. Zhou (GXNU). Paratypes. 7 workers, same data as holotype (5 in GXNU, 2 in ISLTU). Additional material. 3 workers, Huping Mt. (110°29.38'E, 29°50.26'N, elev. 722.7 m), Hunan, China, 9.X.2003, coll. J.H. Huang; 7 workers, Mang Mt. (112°43.19'E, 24°52.23'N, elev. 1068.9 m), Hunan, China, 8.VI.2004, coll. J.H. Huang; 5 workers, Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve (118°52.20'E, 30°04.32'N, elev. 865.0 m), Zhejiang, China, 27.VI.2012, coll. C.W. Lu (GXNU). Distribution. China (Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang). 60 Chen & Zhou Prenolepis angulinoda sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Description. Head broader than long or as broad as long, with convex sides, straight posterior margin, and rounded posterior corners. Anterior clypeal margin broadly convex, with strong longitudinal carina in the middle. Mandibles with 5 teeth, the 3rd reduced. Eyes ovate, convex, moderately large, placed behind the mid length of head; Antennae long, scapes extending slightly less than 1/2 of their length beyond posterior margin. Frontal carina short and diverging, reaching to anterior margin of eyes (Fig. 4). Mesosoma stout, strongly medially constricted; metanotal groove conspicuous; in lateral view pronotum and mesonotum together form a convexity, propodeum low, slightly shorter than pro-mesonotal convexity; in dorsal view propodeum convex laterally, flat in the middle, posterodorsal corner rounded. Petiolar node thick, with very short peduncle which at the same level with its anterior face, so that anterior face and posterior face form a right angle. Gaster about 1.5 times longer than head, gibbous (Figs 5–6). Mandibles, clypeus and area in front of eyes of head finely and longitudinally striate; dorsum of head feebly reticulate; gena of head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster smooth and shining except for the constriction of mesosoma where several short rugae existing. Setae soft, abundant on head and on gaster, sparse on mesosoma and on petiole. Yellowish brown, head darker, gaster blackish brown. Measurements. Holotype. TL 3.2, HL 0.74, HW 0.77, CI 105, SL 0.85, SI 116, PW 0.48, AL 1.01, EL 0.20. Paratypes (n=5). TL 3.2–3.3, HL 0.71–74, HW 0.73–77, CI 100–106, SL 0.85–0.87, SI 113–116, PW 0.48–0.51, AL 1.01–1.02, EL Figures 1–6. Prenolepis spp., worker. 1–3. P. angularis Zhou, 2001. 4–6. P. angulinoda sp. nov. 1, 4. Head in full-face view. 2, 5. Body in lateral view. 3, 6. Body in dorsal view. Scale bars: 1, 4 = 0.2 mm; 2–3, 5–6 = 0.5 mm. © Zoological Systematics, 43(1): 58–65 A review of Prenolepis in China 61 0.20–0.21. Material examined. Holotype worker. Maolan Mt. Nature Reserve (107°52.10'E, 25°09.50'N, elev. 647.1 m), Guizhou, 15.IV.2010, coll. Z.B. Xiong (GXNU). Paratypes. 5 workers, same data as holotype (3 in GXNU, 2 in ISLTU). Remarks.
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