Desert People LEVELED BOOK • T a Reading A–Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,669 Desertdesert Peoplepeople

Desert People LEVELED BOOK • T A Reading A–Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,669 DesertDesert PeoplePeople

• W P • T Written by David Meissner

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Photo Credits: Glossary Front cover: © Hemis/Alamy Images; back cover: © Ruth Fremson/AP Images; title page, page 19: © Terry Trewin/epa/Corbis; pages 3, 6: © Robert Glusic/Photodisc/ Getty Images; pages 4, 5: © iStockphoto.com/Chee-Onn Leong; page 7: adapt (v.) to adjust to new conditions © iStockphoto.com/Anton Foltin; page 8: © iStockphoto.com/Alexander Do you think you could grow (p . 7) Desert Hafemann; pages 9: Francis Morgan/© Learning A-Z, Inc.; pages 10, 11: food like the Tohono O’odham? © iStockphoto.com/James Metcalf; page 12: © iStockphoto.com/Erik Bettini; pages 13, 17: © Photodisc; page 14: © Jon Arnold Images/photolibrary; page 15: Try This climate (n.) the weather conditions in an © Abed Al Hafiz Hashlamoun/epa/Corbis; page 18 (main): © Antony Mcauley/ area over a long period of time Dreamstime.com; page 18 (inset): © iStockphoto.com/Okan Metin; page 20 (top): You probably could! Ask a teacher, parent, © Dean Conger/Corbis; page 20 (bottom): © iStockphoto.com/Joost van Stuijters; (p . 10) People page 22: © iStockphoto.com/Ivan Stevanovic; page 23: © iStockphoto.com/Scott or friend to help you. But be careful, you Hirko might plant a seed in their head, too! drought (n.) a long period of time with very Pronunciation Guide Grow Your Own Food little rain (p . 13) Bedouin: (BED-oo-in) dung (n.) animal manure (p . 17) 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, Tohono O’odham: (toe-HOE-noh OH-eh-dom) and herbs grow in your area . exotic (adj.) out of the ordinary, usually from a faraway place (p . 13) 2 Decide what you want to grow, and buy the seeds . hospitable (adj.) friendly and welcoming (p . 10)

3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil . lush (adj.) rich with vegetation (p . 10) (You can also fill a pot with soil .) millennia (n.) thousands of years (p . 19)

4 Get help from someone who knows nomadic (adj.) traveling from place to place how to grow plants (or read the without a permanent home instructions on the seed packet) . (p . 14)

5 Dig a shallow hole . precipitation (n.) rain, snow, sleet, or hail (p . 6) resources (n.) supplies of valuable or very 6 Place a seed in Written by David Meissner Desert People useful things (p . 7) Correlation the hole and wait Level T Leveled Book © Learning A–Z LEVEL T Written by David Meissner for the seed to sturdy (adj.) strong and solid (p . 17) Fountas & Pinnell P grow! All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 38 vegetation (n.) plants found in certain areas DRA 38 (p . 6) www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com

Desert People • Level T 23 24 Photo Credits: Front cover: © Hemis/Alamy Images; back cover: © Ruth Fremson/AP Images; title Glossary page, page 19: © Terry Trewin/epa/Corbis; pages 3, 6: © Robert Glusic/Photodisc/ Getty Images; pages 4, 5: © iStockphoto.com/Chee-Onn Leong; page 7: © iStockphoto.com/Anton Foltin; page 8: © iStockphoto.com/Alexander adapt (v.) to adjust to new conditions Desert Hafemann; pages 9: Francis Morgan/© Learning A-Z, Inc.; pages 10, 11: Do you think you could grow (p . 7) © iStockphoto.com/James Metcalf; page 12: © iStockphoto.com/Erik Bettini; food like the Tohono O’odham? pages 13, 17: © Photodisc; page 14: © Jon Arnold Images/photolibrary; page 15: © Abed Al Hafiz Hashlamoun/epa/Corbis; page 18 (main): © Antony Mcauley/ Try This climate (n.) the weather conditions in an Dreamstime.com; page 18 (inset): © iStockphoto.com/Okan Metin; page 20 (top): area over a long period of time © Dean Conger/Corbis; page 20 (bottom): © iStockphoto.com/Joost van Stuijters; You probably could! Ask a teacher, parent, People page 22: © iStockphoto.com/Ivan Stevanovic; page 23: © iStockphoto.com/Scott (p . 10) Hirko or friend to help you. But be careful, you might plant a seed in their head, too! drought (n.) a long period of time with very Pronunciation Guide Grow Your Own Food little rain (p . 13) Bedouin: (BED-oo-in) dung (n.) animal manure (p . 17) Tohono O’odham: (toe-HOE-noh OH-eh-dom) 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, and herbs grow in your area . exotic (adj.) out of the ordinary, usually from a faraway place (p . 13) 2 Decide what you want to grow, and buy the seeds . hospitable (adj.) friendly and welcoming (p . 10)

3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil . lush (adj.) rich with vegetation (p . 10) (You can also fill a pot with soil .) millennia (n.) thousands of years (p . 19)

4 Get help from someone who knows nomadic (adj.) traveling from place to place how to grow plants (or read the without a permanent home instructions on the seed packet) . (p . 14)

5 Dig a shallow hole . precipitation (n.) rain, snow, sleet, or hail (p . 6) resources (n.) supplies of valuable or very Written by David Meissner Desert People 6 Place a seed in Correlation useful things (p . 7) Level T Leveled Book the hole and wait © Learning A–Z LEVEL T Written by David Meissner Fountas & Pinnell P for the seed to sturdy (adj.) strong and solid (p . 17) All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 38 grow! DRA 38 vegetation (n.) plants found in certain areas www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com (p . 6)

Desert People • Level T 23 24 A Way of Life Imagine again that you are standing alone Table of Contents in the desert . The Sun is now shining over the Demanding Deserts ...... 4 mountains . The doves have found shade esert esert D

D The Tohono O’odham ...... 9 under a tree . You feel a bead of sweat on your

Gobi forehead . What will you do on this day? The Bedouin ...... 14 esert? ustralian A D esert D If you grew up in the desert, you would More Desert People ...... 19

rabian know exactly what to do . Your grandparents he Sahara T A A Way of Life ...... 22 would have taught your parents, and your esert? D parents would have taught you . You would Glossary ...... 24 esert D esert know how to grow vegetables . You would D know which wild berries were safe to eat . Sahara

Kalahari You would know where to find the well or the closest spring . an you find the Sonoran C For thousands Sunrise in the desert of years, people have Demanding Deserts

arth’s surface. surface. arth’s adapted to deserts . E

esert Imagine that you are standing alone in

D They have found food, the desert before dawn . There is total silence water, shelter, and tacama except for the soft call of a dove . The fresh A esert

D more . For these people, breeze feels good on your face . The Sun the desert is not just begins to rise over the mountains, which Sonoran about survival . It is slowly change from black to light purple . their way of life . Then the Sun’s rays peek out and turn the eserts cover roughly one-fifth of the

D Dressed for the desert morning into day .

Desert People • Level T 21 22 Desert People • Level T 3 4 A Way of Life Table of Contents Imagine again that you are standing alone Demanding Deserts ...... 4 in the desert . The Sun is now shining over the mountains . The doves have found shade esert esert D

The Tohono O’odham ...... 9 D under a tree . You feel a bead of sweat on your

The Bedouin ...... 14 Gobi forehead . What will you do on this day? esert? ustralian A D esert More Desert People ...... 19 D If you grew up in the desert, you would

rabian know exactly what to do . Your grandparents he Sahara T A Way of Life ...... 22 A would have taught your parents, and your esert? Glossary ...... 24 D parents would have taught you . You would esert D esert know how to grow vegetables . You would D know which wild berries were safe to eat . Sahara

Kalahari You would know where to find the well or the closest spring . an you find the Sonoran C Sunrise in the desert For thousands of years, people have Demanding Deserts

arth’s surface. surface. arth’s adapted to deserts . E

Imagine that you are standing alone in esert

D They have found food, the desert before dawn . There is total silence water, shelter, and

except for the soft call of a dove . The fresh tacama A esert

morning into day . D Dressed for the desert

Desert People • Level T 3 4 Desert People • Level T 21 22 More Desert People What Exactly Is a Desert? The Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin Would you know a desert if you saw one? are just two of the world’s traditional desert Would there be camels walking on sand peoples . There are many other deserts, and dunes? Would there be rattlesnakes, saguaro there have been many other desert peoples . (suh-WAHR-oh) cacti, and tall mountains? Or would the land be rocky, with only a few The Australian Aborigines, for example, shrubs and trees? walked about their continent for millennia . Men hunted with spears and boomerangs . All three of these descriptions can apply Women gathered food . The Aborigines wore to deserts . Many types of deserts exist . very little clothing . They slept by the warmth Deserts may have rocky mountains, graveled Gobi Desert nomad in Mongolia of a campfire . Finding shade in the desert can be challenging. plateaus, or rolling sand dunes . Some desert areas even have streams and rivers . Nomads roamed the cold and windy Gobi Look around you . Imagine that your family Desert . They searched for vegetation for their and friends also live here . What are your lives Scientists disagree on the exact definition sheep, goats, and cattle . They lived in round like? Imagine, as was true a few hundred of the word desert . But they do agree that tents called gers . years ago, that there are no cars, bicycles, or deserts share some common traits . Compared to the rest of the world, deserts are dry places . Bushmen lived in paved roads in this desert . How do you travel They usually receive less than 25 .4 centimeters the Kalahari Desert . from place to place? (10 in) of precipitation each year . Deserts tend Women gathered Imagine that you feel hungry in this desert . to have dry soil and not much vegetation . plants and roots . There are no stores or supermarkets . Can Although some deserts can get pretty cold, Men hunted animals Australian Aboriginal children you feel the thirst in the back of your throat? most deserts are sunny and hot . with bows and arrows . Where can you find water to drink? You look The Atacama Indians lived in the dry around . There are no drinking fountains and Word Wise Atacama Desert, where they raised guinea Why cacti? no flowing rivers . There is not a single cloud pigs and llamas . They also planted crops . Kalahari Bushmen in southern Africa The plural of cactus is cactuses or cacti (KAK-tie). carry small bows. in the light blue sky .

Desert People • Level T 19 20 Desert People • Level T 5 6 What Exactly Is a Desert? More Desert People Would you know a desert if you saw one? The Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin Would there be camels walking on sand are just two of the world’s traditional desert dunes? Would there be rattlesnakes, saguaro peoples . There are many other deserts, and (suh-WAHR-oh) cacti, and tall mountains? there have been many other desert peoples . Or would the land be rocky, with only a few The Australian Aborigines, for example, shrubs and trees? walked about their continent for millennia . All three of these descriptions can apply Men hunted with spears and boomerangs . to deserts . Many types of deserts exist . Women gathered food . The Aborigines wore Deserts may have rocky mountains, graveled very little clothing . They slept by the warmth Gobi Desert nomad in Mongolia Finding shade in the desert can be challenging. plateaus, or rolling sand dunes . Some desert of a campfire . areas even have streams and rivers . Look around you . Imagine that your family Nomads roamed the cold and windy Gobi and friends also live here . What are your lives Scientists disagree on the exact definition Desert . They searched for vegetation for their like? Imagine, as was true a few hundred of the word desert . But they do agree that sheep, goats, and cattle . They lived in round years ago, that there are no cars, bicycles, or deserts share some common traits . Compared tents called gers . to the rest of the world, deserts are dry places . paved roads in this desert . How do you travel Bushmen lived in They usually receive less than 25 .4 centimeters from place to place? the Kalahari Desert . (10 in) of precipitation each year . Deserts tend Women gathered Imagine that you feel hungry in this desert . to have dry soil and not much vegetation . plants and roots . There are no stores or supermarkets . Can Although some deserts can get pretty cold, Men hunted animals you feel the thirst in the back of your throat? most deserts are sunny and hot . Australian Aboriginal children Where can you find water to drink? You look with bows and arrows . The Atacama Indians lived in the dry around . There are no drinking fountains and Word Wise Why cacti? Atacama Desert, where they raised guinea no flowing rivers . There is not a single cloud The plural of cactus is cactuses or cacti (KAK-tie). pigs and llamas . They also planted crops . Kalahari Bushmen in southern Africa in the light blue sky . carry small bows.

Desert People • Level T 5 6 Desert People • Level T 19 20 DESERTPEOPLE OF EXAMPLE TERRAIN SIZE CONTINENT C

The Camel Convenience Store Fruits and Vegetables LIMATE

Arabian camels were the Bedouin’s close The nomadic Compare these four deserts four these Compare companions . These sturdy animals made Bedouins did not grow nomadic life possible . Camels gave the many crops . But in late Bedouin shelter, clothing, food, and rides . summer, they camped 310,100 (sq km) 9,064,960 (sq km) 1,036,000 (sq km) 139,860 (sq km) (sq 139,860 km) (sq 1,036,000 km) (sq 9,064,960 km) (sq 310,100 out near oases because Mongols Bedouin TohonoO’odham mountains basins, Flat Africa North America desert the for rainfall Good

The Bedouin wove camel hair into tents Atacama Gobi Sahara Sonoran

date palms grew TableWorldComparison Deserts and clothing . They also drank camel milk The Sonoran Desert is home to many kinds of life. in those places . and ate camel meat . They even burned These trees produced Desert Survival camel dung to fuel sweet, tasty fruits . If deserts are such hot, dry places, how have their campfires! people survived in them? Where did they find The Bedouin ate some People living around the dunes sand mountains, plains, Gravel dry very Veryand hot Sahara Desert have been food to eat and water to drink? What did they .

Camels were well dates fresh and dried differentall are they that Notice eating dates for at least use to build their homes? suited for the desert . others to save for later . 6,000 years. They could go for long Arabian camels have For thousands of years, desert people have one hump. Meat periods of time without The Bedouin hunted wild herds of ostriches, found answers to these questions . Desert water . Arabian camels wolves, foxes, and gazelles . They also trained people have found ways to adapt by using grasslands Stony,soil, sandy Asia windy and Cold could walk for 50 kilometers (30 mi) in a day falcons to hunt foxes and small birds for them . local resources for food, water, and shelter . and could carry up to 270 kilograms (600 lbs) Sometimes dogs called Salukis rode with Each desert presents different challenges, and . on their backs Bedouins to help them track animals . Can you each desert has its own answers . Some families owned many camels . imagine a dog riding on a camel? In this book, you will learn about two basins, lava basins, salt Sand, South America world the in desert Driest Indians Atacama Having many camels was a sign of wealth . Drinking Water interesting groups of desert people: the Camels were so prized that people fought The Bedouin knew where to find the desert’s Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin . You will over them . Some Bedouins went on raids oases . They dug wells to pull water from the also read about sand dunes, wild foods, . to steal camels from others . ground . They carried the water in bags made villages, hunting, and more . You will even of camel skin . read about dogs that ride on camels!

Desert People • Level T 17 18 Desert People • Level T 7 8 DESERTPEOPLE OF EXAMPLE TERRAIN SIZE CONTINENT C

LIMATE The Camel Convenience Store Fruits and Vegetables

Arabian camels were the Bedouin’s close The nomadic Compare these four deserts four these Compare companions . These sturdy animals made Bedouins did not grow nomadic life possible . Camels gave the many crops . But in late Bedouin shelter, clothing, food, and rides . summer, they camped 310,100 (sq km) 9,064,960 (sq km) 1,036,000 (sq km) 139,860 (sq km) (sq 139,860 km) (sq 1,036,000 km) (sq 9,064,960 km) (sq 310,100 oooOohmBdunMongols Bedouin TohonoO’odham mountains basins, Flat Africa North America desert the for rainfall Good out near oases because

ooa aaaGb Atacama Gobi Sahara Sonoran The Bedouin wove camel hair into tents

World Deserts Comparison TableWorldComparison Deserts date palms grew The Sonoran Desert is home to many kinds of life. and clothing . They also drank camel milk in those places . and ate camel meat . They even burned Desert Survival These trees produced camel dung to fuel If deserts are such hot, dry places, how have sweet, tasty fruits . people survived in them? Where did they find their campfires! dunes sand mountains, plains, Gravel dry very Veryand hot The Bedouin ate some People living around the food to eat and water to drink? What did they Sahara Desert have been .

Notice that they are all differentall are they that Notice Camels were well dates fresh and dried use to build their homes? eating dates for at least suited for the desert . others to save for later . 6,000 years. For thousands of years, desert people have They could go for long Arabian camels have one hump. Meat found answers to these questions . Desert periods of time without The Bedouin hunted wild herds of ostriches, people have found ways to adapt by using grasslands Stony,soil, sandy Asia windy and Cold water . Arabian camels wolves, foxes, and gazelles . They also trained local resources for food, water, and shelter . could walk for 50 kilometers (30 mi) in a day falcons to hunt foxes and small birds for them . Each desert presents different challenges, and and could carry up to 270 kilograms (600 lbs) Sometimes dogs called Salukis rode with . each desert has its own answers . on their backs Bedouins to help them track animals . Can you In this book, you will learn about two Some families owned many camels . imagine a dog riding on a camel? basins, lava basins, salt Sand, South America world the in desert Driest Indians Atacama interesting groups of desert people: the Having many camels was a sign of wealth . Drinking Water Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin . You will Camels were so prized that people fought The Bedouin knew where to find the desert’s over them . Some Bedouins went on raids also read about sand dunes, wild foods, . oases . They dug wells to pull water from the villages, hunting, and more . You will even to steal camels from others . ground . They carried the water in bags made read about dogs that ride on camels! of camel skin .

Desert People • Level T 7 8 Desert People • Level T 17 18 The Tohono O’odham The Sonoran Supermarket Tohono O’odham means “desert people .” Like other deserts, the Sonoran Desert can The Tohono O’odham are Native Americans be a difficult place to live . It is hot and dry . who still live in the Sonoran Desert . Months may pass without any rain . Summer days can reach 49º Celsius (120ºF) . Winter For years, they have watched the Sun rise nights can dip below freezing . over Baboquivari (bah-boh-KEE-vah-ree), their sacred mountain . They believe that But compared to many An oasis in the Sahara Desert Baboquivari is where other deserts, the Sonoran is lush and hospitable . The Saharan Supermarket? Elder Brother created Historically, the Tohono The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in them from the clay of O’odham lived in an area the world . It stretches across northern Africa the Earth . Elder Brother Cactus fruits are an where 30 .5 centimeters important desert food. for 9 million square kilometers (3 .5 million gave the desert to (12 in) of rain fell each year . sq mi) . The Sahara is also extremely hot and dry . the O’odham and The rainfall supported many forms of life . In some parts, it rains less than 25 millimeters taught them how Shady trees, big cacti, and even summer (1 in) per year! to use its plants . flowers all grew there . Insects, birds, rabbits, The Sahara Desert is less of a “supermarket” The O’odham lived and coyotes lived there, too . For many years, they were in villages . They slept A Bedouin boy tends a herd of goats. than the Sonoran Desert . Less rain falls in the called the Papago. Today, Some of the O’odham lived near big Sahara . As a result, fewer plants and animals in round homes with Tohono O’odham is the Bedouins lived in low black tents . These official name of the tribe. mountains . In the mountains, they found live there . The Bedouin had to travel the desert flat roofs . These homes tents protected them from the sun, wind, resources that the desert below did not have . in search of food and water . were made of dried mud, branches, and grass . and blowing sand . In a matter of hours, the Different plants and animals lived up in the Each home had one main room with a fire pit Bedouin could pack up their camps and The Sahara is more than sand dunes . It also cooler climate on the mountain slopes . The in the middle . Families slept on woven grass move on to their next “home .” Today many has rocky plateaus, tall mountains, and oasis O’odham gathered food and hunted bigger mats . Fires provided light and heat during Bedouins still roam the Syrian, Arabian, and valleys . An oasis is a fertile place in the desert animals there . They also collected water from cold winter nights . Sahara deserts . where water supports many kinds of life . springs and streams .

Desert People • Level T 15 16 Desert People • Level T 9 10 The Tohono O’odham The Sonoran Supermarket Tohono O’odham means “desert people .” Like other deserts, the Sonoran Desert can The Tohono O’odham are Native Americans be a difficult place to live . It is hot and dry . who still live in the Sonoran Desert . Months may pass without any rain . Summer days can reach 49º Celsius (120ºF) . Winter For years, they have watched the Sun rise nights can dip below freezing . over Baboquivari (bah-boh-KEE-vah-ree), their sacred mountain . They believe that But compared to many An oasis in the Sahara Desert Baboquivari is where other deserts, the Sonoran is lush and hospitable . Elder Brother created The Saharan Supermarket? Historically, the Tohono them from the clay of The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in O’odham lived in an area the Earth . Elder Brother Cactus fruits are an the world . It stretches across northern Africa where 30 .5 centimeters important desert food. gave the desert to for 9 million square kilometers (3 .5 million (12 in) of rain fell each year . the O’odham and sq mi) . The Sahara is also extremely hot and dry . The rainfall supported many forms of life . taught them how In some parts, it rains less than 25 millimeters Shady trees, big cacti, and even summer to use its plants . (1 in) per year! flowers all grew there . Insects, birds, rabbits, The O’odham lived and coyotes lived there, too . The Sahara Desert is less of a “supermarket” For many years, they were in villages . They slept called the Papago. Today, Some of the O’odham lived near big A Bedouin boy tends a herd of goats. than the Sonoran Desert . Less rain falls in the in round homes with Tohono O’odham is the Sahara . As a result, fewer plants and animals official name of the tribe. mountains . In the mountains, they found Bedouins lived in low black tents . These flat roofs . These homes live there . The Bedouin had to travel the desert resources that the desert below did not have . tents protected them from the sun, wind, were made of dried mud, branches, and grass . in search of food and water . Different plants and animals lived up in the and blowing sand . In a matter of hours, the Each home had one main room with a fire pit cooler climate on the mountain slopes . The Bedouin could pack up their camps and The Sahara is more than sand dunes . It also in the middle . Families slept on woven grass O’odham gathered food and hunted bigger move on to their next “home .” Today many has rocky plateaus, tall mountains, and oasis mats . Fires provided light and heat during animals there . They also collected water from Bedouins still roam the Syrian, Arabian, and valleys . An oasis is a fertile place in the desert cold winter nights . springs and streams . Sahara deserts . where water supports many kinds of life .

Desert People • Level T 9 10 Desert People • Level T 15 16 Organic Specialty Items The Tohono O’odham also gathered wild foods . In the desert, they found chile peppers, onions, mesquite beans, and saguaro fruit . In the mountains, they collected acorns, roots, and pine nuts . O’odham men even made four- day trips to the ocean to get salt! The desert is filled with resources, if you know where to look. Other Native A Different Kind of Shopping American people The desert served as a kind of supermarket wanted these exotic for the Tohono O’odham . When they needed Bedouins camp for the night. foods, too . So the The Tohono O’odham grew vegetables, they planted seeds . When they O’odham traded tepary beans in the dry lands The Bedouin needed water, they went to a spring . When of the Sonoran Desert. their salt and saguaro Think of all the things in your room . Can they needed meat, they hunted animals . And syrup for corn, beans, wheat, and more . This you imagine moving to a new place every if they needed pine nuts, they walked up into extra food helped the O’odham during times week? Would you get tired of carrying so the mountains to find pine trees . of drought . many things? How would you enjoy the A desert jackrabbit Fruits and Vegetables traveling life? Drinking Water In the early summer, O’odham men dug Meat Some O’odham villages were lucky enough Traditional Bedouin people were nomadic . small holes in the ground with sharp sticks . The Tohono O’odham hunted rattlesnakes, to live near springs and streams . Other villages They moved from place to place on camels Women dropped seeds in the holes and rabbits, and birds in the desert . In the dug wells in the ground . But many people in search of food, water, and grazing land . covered them up . The dry fields flooded when mountains, they killed deer, bighorn sheep, lived far away from water sources . Young girls Bedouins had very few possessions . They the summer rains came . The O’odham grew and even bears . To sneak up on deer, O’odham often hiked high up into mountain canyons believed their lifestyle was simple and corn, beans, and squash in this way . They also hunters dressed in deerskins and walked to fetch water . pure . Bedouin means “people of the desert .” grew wheat, peas, and melons in the winter . on all fours .

Desert People • Level T 13 14 Desert People • Level T 11 12 Organic Specialty Items The Tohono O’odham also gathered wild foods . In the desert, they found chile peppers, onions, mesquite beans, and saguaro fruit . In the mountains, they collected acorns, roots, and pine nuts . O’odham men even made four- day trips to the ocean The desert is filled with resources, if you know where to look. to get salt! A Different Kind of Shopping Other Native The desert served as a kind of supermarket American people for the Tohono O’odham . When they needed wanted these exotic Bedouins camp for the night. vegetables, they planted seeds . When they foods, too . So the The Tohono O’odham grew needed water, they went to a spring . When O’odham traded tepary beans in the dry lands The Bedouin of the Sonoran Desert. they needed meat, they hunted animals . And their salt and saguaro Think of all the things in your room . Can if they needed pine nuts, they walked up into syrup for corn, beans, wheat, and more . This you imagine moving to a new place every the mountains to find pine trees . extra food helped the O’odham during times week? Would you get tired of carrying so A desert jackrabbit of drought . many things? How would you enjoy the Fruits and Vegetables traveling life? In the early summer, O’odham men dug Meat Drinking Water small holes in the ground with sharp sticks . The Tohono O’odham hunted rattlesnakes, Some O’odham villages were lucky enough Traditional Bedouin people were nomadic . Women dropped seeds in the holes and rabbits, and birds in the desert . In the to live near springs and streams . Other villages They moved from place to place on camels covered them up . The dry fields flooded when mountains, they killed deer, bighorn sheep, dug wells in the ground . But many people in search of food, water, and grazing land . the summer rains came . The O’odham grew and even bears . To sneak up on deer, O’odham lived far away from water sources . Young girls Bedouins had very few possessions . They corn, beans, and squash in this way . They also hunters dressed in deerskins and walked often hiked high up into mountain canyons believed their lifestyle was simple and grew wheat, peas, and melons in the winter . on all fours . to fetch water . pure . Bedouin means “people of the desert .”

Desert People • Level T 11 12 Desert People • Level T 13 14