Desert People LEVELED BOOK • T a Reading A–Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,669 Desertdesert Peoplepeople

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Desert People LEVELED BOOK • T a Reading A–Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,669 Desertdesert Peoplepeople Desert People LEVELED BOOK • T A Reading A–Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,669 DesertDesert PeoplePeople • W P • T Written by David Meissner Visit www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. Photo Credits: Glossary Front cover: © Hemis/Alamy Images; back cover: © Ruth Fremson/AP Images; title page, page 19: © Terry Trewin/epa/Corbis; pages 3, 6: © Robert Glusic/Photodisc/ Getty Images; pages 4, 5: © iStockphoto.com/Chee-Onn Leong; page 7: adapt (v.) to adjust to new conditions © iStockphoto.com/Anton Foltin; page 8: © iStockphoto.com/Alexander Do you think you could grow (p . 7) Desert Hafemann; pages 9: Francis Morgan/© Learning A-Z, Inc.; pages 10, 11: food like the Tohono O’odham? © iStockphoto.com/James Metcalf; page 12: © iStockphoto.com/Erik Bettini; pages 13, 17: © Photodisc; page 14: © Jon Arnold Images/photolibrary; page 15: Try This climate (n.) the weather conditions in an © Abed Al Hafiz Hashlamoun/epa/Corbis; page 18 (main): © Antony Mcauley/ area over a long period of time Dreamstime.com; page 18 (inset): © iStockphoto.com/Okan Metin; page 20 (top): You probably could! Ask a teacher, parent, © Dean Conger/Corbis; page 20 (bottom): © iStockphoto.com/Joost van Stuijters; (p . 10) People page 22: © iStockphoto.com/Ivan Stevanovic; page 23: © iStockphoto.com/Scott or friend to help you. But be careful, you Hirko might plant a seed in their head, too! drought (n.) a long period of time with very Pronunciation Guide Grow Your Own Food little rain (p . 13) Bedouin: (Bed-oo-in) dung (n.) animal manure (p . 17) 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, tohono o’odham: (toe-Hoe-noh oH-eh-dom) and herbs grow in your area . exotic (adj.) out of the ordinary, usually from a faraway place (p . 13) 2 Decide what you want to grow, and buy the seeds . hospitable (adj.) friendly and welcoming (p . 10) 3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil . lush (adj.) rich with vegetation (p . 10) (You can also fill a pot with soil .) millennia (n.) thousands of years (p . 19) 4 Get help from someone who knows nomadic (adj.) traveling from place to place how to grow plants (or read the without a permanent home instructions on the seed packet) . (p . 14) 5 Dig a shallow hole . precipitation (n.) rain, snow, sleet, or hail (p . 6) resources (n.) supplies of valuable or very 6 Place a seed in Written by David Meissner Desert People useful things (p . 7) Correlation the hole and wait Level T Leveled Book © Learning A–Z LEVEL T Written by David Meissner for the seed to sturdy (adj.) strong and solid (p . 17) Fountas & Pinnell P grow! All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 38 vegetation (n.) plants found in certain areas DRA 38 (p . 6) www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com desert People • Level t 23 24 Photo Credits: Glossary Front cover: © Hemis/Alamy Images; back cover: © Ruth Fremson/AP Images; title page, page 19: © Terry Trewin/epa/Corbis; pages 3, 6: © Robert Glusic/Photodisc/ Getty Images; pages 4, 5: © iStockphoto.com/Chee-Onn Leong; page 7: adapt (v.) to adjust to new conditions © iStockphoto.com/Anton Foltin; page 8: © iStockphoto.com/Alexander Do you think you could grow (p . 7) Desert Hafemann; pages 9: Francis Morgan/© Learning A-Z, Inc.; pages 10, 11: food like the Tohono O’odham? © iStockphoto.com/James Metcalf; page 12: © iStockphoto.com/Erik Bettini; pages 13, 17: © Photodisc; page 14: © Jon Arnold Images/photolibrary; page 15: Try This climate (n.) the weather conditions in an © Abed Al Hafiz Hashlamoun/epa/Corbis; page 18 (main): © Antony Mcauley/ area over a long period of time Dreamstime.com; page 18 (inset): © iStockphoto.com/Okan Metin; page 20 (top): You probably could! Ask a teacher, parent, © Dean Conger/Corbis; page 20 (bottom): © iStockphoto.com/Joost van Stuijters; (p . 10) People page 22: © iStockphoto.com/Ivan Stevanovic; page 23: © iStockphoto.com/Scott or friend to help you. But be careful, you Hirko might plant a seed in their head, too! drought (n.) a long period of time with very Pronunciation Guide Grow Your Own Food little rain (p . 13) Bedouin: (Bed-oo-in) dung (n.) animal manure (p . 17) 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, tohono o’odham: (toe-Hoe-noh oH-eh-dom) and herbs grow in your area . exotic (adj.) out of the ordinary, usually from a faraway place (p . 13) 2 Decide what you want to grow, and buy the seeds . hospitable (adj.) friendly and welcoming (p . 10) 3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil . lush (adj.) rich with vegetation (p . 10) (You can also fill a pot with soil .) millennia (n.) thousands of years (p . 19) 4 Get help from someone who knows nomadic (adj.) traveling from place to place how to grow plants (or read the without a permanent home instructions on the seed packet) . (p . 14) 5 Dig a shallow hole . precipitation (n.) rain, snow, sleet, or hail (p . 6) resources (n.) supplies of valuable or very 6 Place a seed in Written by David Meissner Desert People useful things (p . 7) Correlation the hole and wait Level T Leveled Book © Learning A–Z LEVEL T Written by David Meissner for the seed to sturdy (adj.) strong and solid (p . 17) Fountas & Pinnell P grow! All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 38 vegetation (n.) plants found in certain areas DRA 38 (p . 6) www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com desert People • Level t 23 24 A Way of Life Imagine again that you are standing alone Table of Contents in the desert . The Sun is now shining over the Demanding Deserts . .4 mountains . The doves have found shade esert esert d d The Tohono O’odham . .9 under a tree . You feel a bead of sweat on your Gobi forehead . What will you do on this day? The Bedouin . 14 esert? ustralian a d esert d If you grew up in the desert, you would More Desert People . 19 rabian know exactly what to do . Your grandparents he Sahara t a A Way of Life . .22 would have taught your parents, and your esert? d parents would have taught you . You would Glossary . 24 esert d esert know how to grow vegetables . You would d know which wild berries were safe to eat . Sahara Kalahari You would know where to find the well or the closest spring . an you find the Sonoran c For thousands Sunrise in the desert of years, people have Demanding Deserts arth’s surface. surface. arth’s adapted to deserts . e esert Imagine that you are standing alone in d They have found food, the desert before dawn . There is total silence water, shelter, and tacama except for the soft call of a dove . The fresh a esert d more . For these people, breeze feels good on your face . The Sun the desert is not just begins to rise over the mountains, which Sonoran about survival . It is slowly change from black to light purple . their way of life . Then the Sun’s rays peek out and turn the eserts cover roughly one-fifth of the d dressed for the desert morning into day . desert People • Level t 21 22 desert People • Level t 3 4 A Way of Life Imagine again that you are standing alone Table of Contents in the desert . The Sun is now shining over the Demanding Deserts . .4 mountains . The doves have found shade esert esert d d The Tohono O’odham . .9 under a tree . You feel a bead of sweat on your Gobi forehead . What will you do on this day? The Bedouin . 14 esert? ustralian a d esert d If you grew up in the desert, you would More Desert People . 19 rabian know exactly what to do . Your grandparents he Sahara t a A Way of Life . .22 would have taught your parents, and your esert? d parents would have taught you . You would Glossary . 24 esert d esert know how to grow vegetables . You would d know which wild berries were safe to eat . Sahara Kalahari You would know where to find the well or the closest spring . an you find the Sonoran c For thousands Sunrise in the desert of years, people have Demanding Deserts arth’s surface. surface. arth’s adapted to deserts . e esert Imagine that you are standing alone in d They have found food, the desert before dawn . There is total silence water, shelter, and tacama except for the soft call of a dove . The fresh a esert d more . For these people, breeze feels good on your face . The Sun the desert is not just begins to rise over the mountains, which Sonoran about survival . It is slowly change from black to light purple . their way of life . Then the Sun’s rays peek out and turn the eserts cover roughly one-fifth of the d dressed for the desert morning into day . desert People • Level t 21 22 desert People • Level t 3 4 More Desert People What Exactly Is a Desert? The Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin Would you know a desert if you saw one? are just two of the world’s traditional desert Would there be camels walking on sand peoples . There are many other deserts, and dunes? Would there be rattlesnakes, saguaro there have been many other desert peoples . (suh-WAHR-oh) cacti, and tall mountains? Or would the land be rocky, with only a few The Australian Aborigines, for example, shrubs and trees? walked about their continent for millennia .
Recommended publications
  • 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE for BEDOUIN WOMEN in EGYPT “The
    6 THE COOPERATIVE REFORM PROCESS IN EGYPT ACTIVATED It has been almost two years since the ILO prepared the Cooperative roadmap, a report on the reform of cooperatives in Egypt. Due to the political changes in the country, the follow up on the Cooperative Roadmap was only resumed in the past couple of months. A joint workshop was organized by the Egyptian National Competi- tiveness Council (ENCC), an independent NGO, with technical and financial assis- tance of the ILO on 30 October 2014. The objective of the workshop was to discuss, among other agricultural issues, the new cooperative law in light of the Cooperative Roadmap. ILO Consultant Mr Huseyin Polat present- ed an updated version of the Cooperative SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE FOR BEDOUIN WOMEN Roadmap with concrete suggestions for next IN EGYPT steps as to its implementation. The presentation of the “The Way Forward After the Revolution: Decent Work for Roadmap was well received by the national stakeholders where Women in Egypt and Tunisia” project, funded by the Ministry issues and expectations regarding the process were raised. of Foreign Affairs of Finland, has undertaken an intervention Although the Minister of Agriculture, who was scheduled to on “Socio-Economic Justice for Bedouin Women” which make a keynote address at the opening, could not be at the started in September 2013 in partnership with the Centre event, he later invited the ILO Cairo Director, the ILO Consult- for Egyptian Family Development (CEFD), a local NGO. The ant and ENCC representatives to his office for a discussion. project aims at creating decent work opportunities for women from the Eastern Desert, 450 Bedouin mainly in Aswan and The Minister informed the group that the Government has Red Sea governorates.
    [Show full text]
  • Forgotten Legacy: an Endeavor to Highlight Heritage Food of Egyptian Bedouins
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL MANAGEMENT & POLICY || Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 || ISSN 2663-5771 Forgotten legacy: an endeavor to highlight heritage food of Egyptian Bedouins Mostafa Abdulmawla Hesham Ezzat Saad Fayoum University, Egypt; visiting PhD Fayoum University, Egypt Researcher to University of Salento, Italy [email protected] [email protected] Francesca Imperiale Omar Qoura University of Salento, Italy Fayoum University, Egypt [email protected] [email protected] Mohamed Abd El-Wahab Morsy Fayoum University, Egypt [email protected] ABSTRACT Despite the issue of food heritage having an important debate around the globe, there is still inconclusive literature addressing Egyptian heritage food in general, and particularly the gastronomic heritage of Egyptian Bedouins. The main argument of the Keywords: current study is firstly to identify a set of genuine heritage foods of Egyptian Bedouins Cultural Heritage by using explicit criteria. Then, transfer the data to develop a documented recipe book for these meals, which is intended to be an initial phase of promoting them as a Heritage food unique component of the Egyptian cultural legacy. The target population of the study is the Egyptian Bedouin society, both in the western and eastern deserts. Through Egyptian a qualitative approach, 15 semi-structured interviews with elderly local people were Bedouins undertaken before conducting a focus group with six Bedouin experts. The findings Bedouin food section reported eight heritage foods of Egyptian Bedouins and produced a recipe book for them. Food heritage ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our endless gratitude to all Egyptian Bedouins who helped us to compile the field data.
    [Show full text]
  • Baja California's Sonoran Desert
    Baja California’s Sonoran Desert By Debra Valov What is a Desert? It would be difficult to find any one description that scarce and sporadic, with an would fit all of the twenty or so deserts found on our annual average of 12-30 cm (4.7- planet because each one is a unique landscape. 12 inches). There are two rainy seasons, December- While an expanse of scorching hot sand dunes with March and July-September, with the northern the occasional palm oasis is the image that often peninsula dominated by winter rains and the south comes to mind for the word desert, in fact, only by summer rains. Some areas experience both about 10% of the world’s deserts are covered by seasons, while in other areas, such as parts of the sand dunes. The other 90% comprise a wide variety Gulf coast region, rain may fail for years on end. of landscapes, among these cactus covered plains, Permanent above-ground water reserves are scarce foggy coastal slopes, barren salt flats, and high- throughout most of the peninsula but ephemeral, altitude, snow-covered plateaus. However, one seasonal pools and rivers do appear after winter characteristic that all deserts share is aridity—any storms in the north or summer storms (hurricanes place that receives less than 10 inches (25 and thunderstorms—chubascos) in the south. There centimeters) of rain per year is generally considered are also a number of permanent oases, most often to be a desert and the world’s driest deserts average formed where aquifers (subterranean water) rise to less than 10 mm (3/8 in.) annually.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sonoran Desert Borderlands
    Geographic Area Information The Sonoran Desert Borderlands Photograph by CampPhoto / iStock / Getty Images Plus ABOUT The United States-Mexico border is roughly 3,219 kilometers (2,000 miles) long, stretching from the coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. The Sonoran Desert is located on both sides of the border and covers more than 258,999 square kilometers (100,000 square miles) in the U.S. states of California and Arizona and the Mexican state of Sonora. The Sororan Desert is a rich, diverse, and delicate ecosystem, home to a highly diverse array of plant and animal species, some of which are critically endangered. Conservation efforts in the Sonoran Desert have involved organizations in both Mexico and the United States working together to connect habitat and migrations paths for animals. HUMAN IMPACTS In this fragile and diverse borderlands ecosystem, one of the most sever human impacts is the existing barrier (a combination of wall and fencing) that marks the U.S.-Mexico border. There is currently no continuous wall or fence marking the border, but there are segments of the border where there is a near-continuous barrier; one such area is the Sonoran Desert. Construction of a border barrier is ongoing, posing additional ecological concerns for the region. But it is not only the wall that impacts the region; the wall brings with it other human impacts, such as light pollution from stadium security flood-lights that illuminate the border at night and destruction of ecosystems as a result of construction, traffic, and patrolling of the border.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Islamic Arabia
    Pre-Islamic Arabia The Nomadic Tribes of Arabia The nomadic pastoralist Bedouin tribes inhabited the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam around 700 CE. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the societal structure of tribes in Arabia KEY TAKEAWAYS Key Points Nomadic Bedouin tribes dominated the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam. Family groups called clans formed larger tribal units, which reinforced family cooperation in the difficult living conditions on the Arabian peninsula and protected its members against other tribes. The Bedouin tribes were nomadic pastoralists who relied on their herds of goats, sheep, and camels for meat, milk, cheese, blood, fur/wool, and other sustenance. The pre-Islamic Bedouins also hunted, served as bodyguards, escorted caravans, worked as mercenaries, and traded or raided to gain animals, women, gold, fabric, and other luxury items. Arab tribes begin to appear in the south Syrian deserts and southern Jordan around 200 CE, but spread from the central Arabian Peninsula after the rise of Islam in the 630s CE. Key Terms Nabatean: an ancient Semitic people who inhabited northern Arabia and Southern Levant, ca. 37–100 CE. Bedouin: a predominantly desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans. Pre-Islamic Arabia Pre-Islamic Arabia refers to the Arabian Peninsula prior to the rise of Islam in the 630s. Some of the settled communities in the Arabian Peninsula developed into distinctive civilizations. Sources for these civilizations are not extensive, and are limited to archaeological evidence, accounts written outside of Arabia, and Arab oral traditions later recorded by Islamic scholars. Among the most prominent civilizations were Thamud, which arose around 3000 BCE and lasted to about 300 CE, and Dilmun, which arose around the end of the fourth millennium and lasted to about 600 CE.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonoran Desert GEORGE GENTRY/FWSGEORGE the Sonoran Desert Has 2,000 Endemic Plant Species—More Than Anywhere Else in North America
    in the shadow of the wall: borderlands conservation hotspots on the line Borderlands Conservation Hotspot 2. Sonoran Desert GEORGE GENTRY/FWSGEORGE The Sonoran Desert has 2,000 endemic plant species—more than anywhere else in North America. hink deserts are wastelands? A visit to one of the national monuments or national wildlife refuges in the Sonoran Desert could change your mind. These borderlands are teeming with plants and animals impressively adapted to extreme conditions. T During your visit you might encounter a biologist, a volunteer or a local activist in awe of the place and dedicated to protecting it. The Sonoran Desert is so important to the natural heritage of the United States and Mexico that both countries are vested in conservation lands and programs and on a joint mission to preserve it. “A border wall,” says one conservation coalition leader, “harms our mission” (Campbell 2017). The Sonoran Desert is one of the largest intact wild areas mountains, where they find nesting cavities and swoop in the country, 100,387 square miles stretching across the between cactuses and trees to hunt lizards and other prey. southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. This Rare desert bighorn sheep stick to the steep, rocky slopes of desert is renowned for columnar cactuses like saguaro, organ isolated desert mountain ranges where they keep a watchful pipe and cardón. Lesser known is the fact that the Sonoran eye for predators. One of the most endangered mammals in Desert has more endemic plant species—2,000—than North America, Sonoran pronghorn still occasionally cross anywhere else in North America (Nabhan 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict, Exclusion and Livelihoods in the Sinai Region of Egypt
    Helpdesk Research Report: Conflict, Exclusion and Livelihoods in the Sinai region of Egypt 20.09.2012 Query: What does the literature say about patterns of conflict, exclusion and livelihoods in the Sinai region of Egypt? With particular reference to Bedouin livelihood strategies, government policies and other tensions emerging with other groups operating or migrating through the area. Enquirer: DFID Author: Oliver Walton ([email protected]) Contents 1. Overview 2. Livelihoods 3. Exclusion and Conflict 4. References 5. Additional Information 1. Overview The Sinai region is a peninsula bordering Israel and Gaza in the East and the Suez Canal in the West, which separates it from the rest of Egypt (see Figure One below). The population is divided into two governorates (North and South Sinai). Around 550,000 people live in the Sinai peninsula (400,000 in the North and 150,000 in the South).1 The largest population group in the region are the Bedouin (a historically nomadic people), though their total number is difficult to estimate (ICG 2007). They are likely to number somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000 (see ICG 2007, Strasser 2012). North Sinai is one of the poorest governorates in Egypt, while the economy of the South is more dynamic, due largely to a burgeoning tourism industry (ICG 2007). This report summarises the literature’s findings on patterns of conflict, exclusion and livelihoods in the Sinai region. The most rigorous academic research on these issues focuses on changes in Bedouin livelihood strategies, with a particular focus on South Sinai. This literature draws some links between Bedouin livelihoods and patterns of exclusion and conflict in the Sinai region.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Invasive Species in the Sonoran Desert Region
    3 Invasive Species in the Sonoran Desert Region 11 INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE SONORAN DESERT REGION Invasive species are altering the ecosystems of the Sonoran Desert Region. Native plants have been displaced resulting in radically different habitats and food for wildlife. Species like red brome and buffelgrass have become dense enough in many areas to carry fire in the late spring and early summer. Sonoran Desert plants such as saguaros, palo verdes and many others are not fire- adapted and do not survive these fires. The number of non-native species tends to be lowest in natural areas of the Sonoran Desert and highest in the most disturbed and degraded habitats. However, species that are unusually aggressive and well adapted do invade natural areas. In the mid 1900’s, there were approximately 146 non-native plant species (5.7% of the total flora) in the Sonoran Desert. Now non-natives comprise nearly 10% of the Sonoran Desert flora overall. In highly disturbed areas, the majority of species are frequently non-native invasives. These numbers continue to increase. It is crucial that we monitor, control, and eradicate invasive species that are already here. We must also consider the various vectors of dispersal for invasive species that have not yet arrived in Arizona, but are likely to be here in the near future. Early detection and reporting is vital to prevent the spread of existing invasives and keep other invasives from arriving and establishing. This is the premise of the INVADERS of the Sonoran Desert Region program at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt – Abu Fana Monastery – Coptic Christians – State Protection – Women – Kidnappings – Losing Face
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: EGY35653 Country: Egypt Date: 4 November 2009 Keywords: Egypt – Abu Fana monastery – Coptic Christians – State protection – Women – Kidnappings – Losing face This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide details about the 2008 Abu Fana monastery raid(s) and any action by the authorities since: time of day, scale of attack, duration of attack, profile of the perpetrating party, numbers of people involved, lay people present at the time, etc. 2. Please advise if there has been a series of raids on this monastery or just one in recent times. 3. Deleted. 4. Is it common for Coptic families not to report kidnappings of their daughters/sisters for fear of embarrassment and losing face? RESPONSE 1. Please provide details about the 2008 Abu Fana monastery raid(s) and any action by the authorities since: time of day, scale of attack, duration of attack, profile of the perpetrating party, numbers of people involved, lay people present at the time, etc. 2. Please advise if there has been a series of raids on this monastery or just one in recent times.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Deserts Chihuahuan - Great Basin Desert - Sonoran – Mojave
    North American Deserts Chihuahuan - Great Basin Desert - Sonoran – Mojave http://www.desertusa.com/desert.html In most modern classifications, the deserts of the United States and northern Mexico are grouped into four distinct categories. These distinctions are made on the basis of floristic composition and distribution -- the species of plants growing in a particular desert region. Plant communities, in turn, are determined by the geologic history of a region, the soil and mineral conditions, the elevation and the patterns of precipitation. Three of these deserts -- the Chihuahuan, the Sonoran and the Mojave -- are called "hot deserts," because of their high temperatures during the long summer and because the evolutionary affinities of their plant life are largely with the subtropical plant communities to the south. The Great Basin Desert is called a "cold desert" because it is generally cooler and its dominant plant life is not subtropical in origin. Chihuahuan Desert: A small area of southeastern New Mexico and extreme western Texas, extending south into a vast area of Mexico. Great Basin Desert: The northern three-quarters of Nevada, western and southern Utah, to the southern third of Idaho and the southeastern corner of Oregon. According to some, it also includes small portions of western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. Bordered on the south by the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. Mojave Desert: A portion of southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah and of eastern California, north of the Sonoran Desert. Sonoran Desert: A relatively small region of extreme south-central California and most of the southern half of Arizona, east to almost the New Mexico line.
    [Show full text]
  • Baja California´S Sonoran Desert
    Baja California’s Sonoran Desert Debra Valov ISSI, August 2015 Objectives • Define “desert” • Explore Baja’s desert • Learn how plants and animals survive http://www.flickr.com/photos/ladigue_99/ Namibia Central Gulf Coast, BCS Erg Awbari Oasis, Libya http://inlinethumb54.webshots.com/9141/2350366 490102347975S600x600Q85.jpg What is a Desert? • Dry – Low rainfall (P<10”) – High evaporation (E>P) – Dessicating winds – Poor soils • Hot or cold (below 0° to over 140°) • Below sea level to more than 8,000 ft What is a Desert? A place where water is severely limiting to life most of the time, where the plants and animals are adapted to chronic aridity and the arid conditions are necessary to maintain the community’s structure. Deserts of the World Source: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461530118/World_Desert_Regions.html North American Deserts Source: www.mbgnet.net/sets/desert/ofworld.htm The Sonoran Desert • Binational (5 states) • ±120, 000 sq. mi. • 0 to 4500 feet • <32° to >130° • 3-15” avg. rainfall Source: Baja California Sur Central Baja California Central Baja California Baja California Sur Central Gulf Coast Baja California Sur “Air plants” (Bromeliads) Pacific Coast Fog Zones Lichens (fungi & algae symbiosis) Central Vizcaino Desert, BCS Vizcaino Desert – Pacific Coast, BCS Mammals • Bobcat and mountain lion © Dennis Kamberg • Coyotes and foxes • Bats and rodents • Pronghorn antelope • Bighorn sheep © Don Getty © 2010 Jaime Morales V, © Christopher L. Christie Copyright © 2010 D. Trotter Reptiles and Amphibians • Horny toads & lizards • Snakes • Frogs & toads Copyright © 2007 Joyce Gross Gerald & Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences Crawly Things • Scorpions & spiders • Beetles & bugs • Ants, bees & wasps • Caterpillars Copyright © 2008 Lamphrophil http://bugguide.net/node/view/206296/bgimage Copyright © 2007 Gary MacDonald Cih© 200 G M D ld Birds © Steve Byland 2008 • Hummingbirds • Raptors: hawks & owls • Scavengers • Perching birds ©J.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistoric & Early Historic Food Crop Diversity
    PREHISTORIC & EARLY HISTORIC FOOD CROP DIVERSITY NOURISHING TUCSON, A UNESCO CITY OF GASTRONOMY Edited by Gary Paul Nabhan and Julia Glennon With contributions from Karen Adams, Maribel Alvarez, Martha Ames Burgess, Gay Chanler, Dena Cowan, Michael Diehl, Suzanne Fish, Jesus Garcia, Wendy Hodgson, Jonathan Mabry, Charles Miksicek, Carolyn Niethammer, Roger Pfeuffer, Amadeo Rea, and Rafael Routson de Granade April 2016 Green Paper #2 of the Center for Regional Food Studies University of Arizona College of Social & Behavioral Sciences Tucson, Arizona www.foodstudies.arizona.edu www.azfoodstudies.com Funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Endowment to the Southwest Center INTRODUCTION In December 2015, Tucson, Arizona joined the UNESCO Creave Cies Network as the first City of Gastronomy designated in the U.S. In the months that followed, local, naonal and internaonal aenon was directed to the 4100 year anquity of food culvaon documented in the Tucson Basin —an agricultural tradion as long or longer than that in any metro area north of Mexico. In addion, the UNESCO designaon generated renewed interest in the remarkable survival of diverse food crops and the tradional culinary and horcultural knowledge associated with them. Both the crops themselves and me-tried knowledge for managing them may have enhanced relevance to our food security in the face of climate change. On the same day as the UNESCO designaon, the University of Arizona established the Center of Regional Food Studies to serve as the college’s official partner to the City of Tucson in documenng, researching and educang the public regarding Tucson’s historic foodways and recent innovaons in its food systems.
    [Show full text]