Stage 2 Report.Indb

Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Shared Use Trial Monitoring - Stage 2 for The Royal Parks 02 December 2011 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Atkins Job Number: 5097289 Document Reference: Kensington Gardens Studio Walk Shared Use Trial Monitoring - Stage 2

Printing A3 Double Sided

Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date

1 Draft report for client sign off GS AC RH AH 21.10.2011

2 Revised Draft GS AC RH AH 02.11.2011

3 Final report GS AC RH AH 02.12.2011

This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for The Royal Parks’s information and use in relation to Kensington Gardens Studio Walk.

Atkins assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents.

Kensington Gardens Studio Walk Shared Use Trial Monitoring - Stage 2 for The Royal Parks 02 December 2011

02 December 2011 3 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

4 Executive Summary

1 Executive Summary

02 December 2011 5 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk C art About Kensington Gardens byNickGibbard ography

ILL CRAVEN T CEE CLARENDO HYDE PAR RACERACRAACE ST PETER CRAVEN H RRACRRARR d, Roger Stewart &Pauld, RogerStewart McEwan|www.postermaps.co.uk Kensington Gardens covers 111 hectares in central London, E ST PETER BRIGGS PEMBRIDG BARK PLA BAYSWATER STABLES NYE CHRIST ERRACE MOSCOW ROAD STANHOPE TERRA STABLES HYDE PARK GARDENS BAYSWATER INVERNES CHURCH K STREET

BROOK ST N PLACE QUEENSBOROUGH TERRACE SQUARE SBURGH MEWS 3 minutes walk from PORCHEST LANCASTE

Kensington Gardens LEINSTER TERRACE SBURGH PLACE LANCASTER GATE PADDINGTON offering popular visitor attractions such as Kensington N.C.P. CAR GATE 94.148 CLANRICA 1 minute walk from 10 minutes walk from CE PARKING 274.390 QUEENSWAY Kensington Gardens Kensington Gardens

OSSINGTO PALACE COURT PORTOBELLO MARKET S TERRAC P 70 46.94.148 ALBION Saturday & Sunday 7 minutes walk ER TERRA R R GATE 94.148 ER ROAD Palace, the Albert Memorial, the Diana Memorial Playground from Hyde Park 70 LANCASTE 274.390 CLARENDON GAATE ORME COU 274.390 WESTBOURNE GAATE BAYSWAT RDE GDNS VICTORIA GAATE LANCASTER GATE T CEMETERY GAATE CE E N STREET AD MARLBOROUGHRL GAATE VICTORIA 94.148.274.390 and the Serpentine Gallery. The park is a useful resource for QUEENSWAY TER RO GAATE LODGE 94.148.390 NORTH CARRIAGE DRIVE NOTTING 70.94.148.390 1 minute walk from BAYSWA HILL GATE RT Kensington Gardens LANCASTER GAATE BUCKHILL 6 minutes walk from QUEEN LODGE MANÈGE Kensington Gardens ANNE’S NORTH RIDE 70.94.148.390 local residents, an important public green space and a key BLACK BLACK LION PORCHESTER GAATE 94.148.390 ALCOVE NORTH FLOWER WALK 70.94.148.390 ORME LION GAATE INVERNESS SQUARE TWO BEARS LODGE TERRACE WEST CARRIAGE GAATE ORME GAATE FOUNTTAIN MARBLE ARCH GATE SQUARE 94.148.390 JEJ NNER 15 minutes walk from attraction for tourists in London. GAATE LODGES 70.94.148.390 NORTH WALK ITALIAN STATUE Kensington Gardens GARDENS NOTTING HILL N.C.P. COACH P RIVE PARKING DRIVE

70.94.148.390 LANCASTE THE DIANA, PRINCESS OF FOUNTTAIINS BUCKHILL WALES MEMORIAL Kensington Gardens’ main points of access are: PLAYGROUND P

R WALK SPEKE KENSIN TIMEME FFLIES MONUMENT CENTRAL ELFIN OAK ALK ROYAL PARKS

JUBILEE WA T NURSERY

PALACE GARDENS TERRACE

• Black Lion Gate (North entrance); H WALK GTON PALACE GARDEN BUDGES W PEACOCK E BUCKHILL SHELLTER P PETER PAN THE HUDSON STATUE WALK MEMORIAL

L BUCKHILL (BIRD SANCTUARY) • Studio Gate (West entrance); LK O BRUNSWICK GARDENS

THE THE BROAD WAL N ORANGERY KENSINGTON G

• Palace Gate (South entrance); W GARDENS A THE MAGAZINE T S 27.28.52 E • Mount Gate (East entrance). 70.328.452 PHYSICAL ENERGY R MAGAZINE KENSINGTON CHURCH STREET STATUE GAATE P P K HYDE PARK NORRTH SILVER QUEEN CAROLINE’S THIMBLE SHELLTER TEMPLE MAIN ENTRANCE The park is deﬁ ned to the east by the Longwater and West SUNKEN ROUND POND SERPENTINE GARDEN BRIDGE THE COCKPIT STATE ROOMS QUEEN VICTORIA SOUTH SILVER LIBERTY DRIVES Carriage Drive, which separate it from Hyde Park. STATUE THIMBLE SHELLTER TEMPLE PALACE AVE GAATE SERPENTINE ROAD KING WILLIAM III STATUE

STUDIO WALK R KENSIN GAATE 27.28.52 70.328.452 TH There are currently three permanent shared use routes in BANDSTAND P THE LIDO E SER P RESTAURANT PEN

LANCASTE T ET THE DIAL WALK TELEPHONE IN GTON C MOUNT WA LIDO SWIMMING E PITT STRE P AGE DRIVE BOOX Kensington Gardens (see Figure 1 on this page and Figure 2 LK LUTYENS 27.28.52 DRINKING FOUNTTAIN 70.328.452 ST. GOVORS WELL DIANA, PRINCESS OF HYDE PARK DRINKING FOUNTTAIN AR WALES MEMORIAL CORNER HURCH STREET CAR FOUNTAIN 20 minutes walk from on page 7): MOUNT Kensington Gardens TREET HOLLAND S GAATE WEST CARRI ST. MARY KING’S P ABBOT’S ARMS CHURCH GAATE 9.10.52 • The Broad Walk – the main north-south route connecting 70.452 THE ALBERT P MEMORIAL VICTORIA JUNIOR TENNIS ROTTEN R ROAD CENTRE OW 9.10.52 TENNIS Bayswater Road and Kensington Road, running east-west GAATE 452 KENSINGTON ROAD OWER WALK THE OLD FOOTBALL PITCHES SOUTH FL PUTTING WHOLE BOWLING (SITE OF THE GREAAT EXHIBITION) on the southern boundary of the Park. 9.10.27 FOODS YOUNG S GREEN 28.49.328 MARKET 9.10.52.49 THE P P 70.452 PALACE 70 QUEEN’S P COALBROOKDALE PAVILION IGH STREET HYDEHYDE 9.10.52 GAATE GAATE GAATE 9.10.52.452 DERRY STREET PARKPARA 452 N COURT LODGE TREET GAATE ROAD ALBERT APPROACH 9.10.52.452 ALEXANDRA LODGE NEW RID E • Mount Walk – a popular east-west route, connecting The ALEXANDRA KENSINGTON H 9.10.27 P PRINCE OF WALES 28.49.328 GAATE LODGE WEST PRINCE OF WALES QUEEN’S LODGE EAST KENSINGTO KENSINGTON GORE KENSINGTON R 9.10.52.452 N.C.P. CAR GAATE OAD RUTLAND Broad Walk with West Carriage Drive. PARKING 9.10.52.452 PRINCE OF WALES GAATE 9.10.52 70 GAATE WRIGHT’ GATE A ROAD 70.452 ROYAL 49 49 HIGH STREET GEOGRAPHICAL 9.10.52.452 KENSINGTON SOCIETY

GATE SCIENCE MUSEUM 6 minutes walk from OAD • Albert Approach Road – running from Queen’s Gate to PALACE GATE S LANE Kensington Gardens VICTORI HYDE PARK 7 mins walk from Kensington Gardens

GATE 9.10.52.452 DE VERE GARDENS NATURAL HISTORY

SOUTH KENSINGTON GARDENS

MUSEUM GARDENS 11 minutes walk from 10 mins walk from Kensington Gardens West Carriage Drive. R TION HYDE PARK Kensington Gardens VICTORIA & ALBERT

(V&A) MUSEUM RUTLAND RUTLAND 9 mins walk from Kensington Gardens KENSINGTON THE ROYAL

EXHIBI

RUTLAND ENNISMORE QUEENS GATE QUEENS ALBERT HALL GLOUCESTER ROAD 10 minutes walk from 70.360 Studio Walk is the continuation of Mount Walk to Studio Kensington Gardens KNIGHTSBRIDGE Gate, the western entrance to the park.

Undergroundg Car 9 Cycling permitted Park features THE ORANGERY designed for Queen Anne THE ROYAL GARDEN HOTEL offers SERPENTINE GALLERY is one of 10 PARK MANAGEMENT Station Disabled toilets P THE ROYAL PARKS REGENT’S Statue Parking LOCAL in 1704, was once the setting for lavish court 396 beautifully appointed rooms, offering London’s best-loved galleries for modern and 8 PARK & 13 OF LONDON PRIMROSE 12 Tom Jarvis entertainment. Now it is a tranquil restaurant stunning views of both Kensington Gardens and contemporary art. Its Exhibition, Architecture, 3 HILL 11 LANDMARKS 7 2 6 The Old Police House Disabled where you can enjoy leisurely lunches and Kensington’s iconic high street. Why not visit Education and Public Programmes attract MILES 1 2 3 Public access 4 5 17 Hyde Park, London W2 2UH Bus Stop KENSINGTON PALACE was first adapted afternoon teas. one of our two restaurants and three bars for approximately 750,000 visitors a year. 1 16 Public Toilets Car sites (p(openingp g HYDE P as a stylish royal residence in 1698 for anything from a relaxing drink, quick snack, KILOMETRES 2 3 4 5 KENSINGTON PARK T: +44 (0)20 7298 2000 Parking Open daily: Open daily: GARDENS GREEN 18 periods vary) William III and Mary II. Visit now to marvel at PARK ST JAMES’S F: +44 (0)20 7724 2826 March to October 10am – 6pm light lunch, afternoon tea or a superb dinner. 10am – 6pm. Admission free 14 PARK Memorial the magnificent State Apartments, the Royal 15 November to February 10am – 5pm T: +44 (0)20 7937 8000 19 Jubilee Greenway T: +44 (0)20 7402 6075 20 E: [email protected] Cycley Non public Ceremonial Dress Collection, and dresses BROMPTON Pedestrian Café T: +44 (0)844 482 7777 www.royalgardenhotel.co.uk www.serpentinegallery.org CEMETERY 32 DLR Parking access sites owned by Diana, Princess of Wales. 33 35 Crossing www.hrp.org.uk GREENWICH Open daily: THE ROYAL LANCASTER HOTEL 29 PARK 26 27 28 METROPOLITAN March to October 10am – 6pm With Kensington Gardens & Hyde Park 34 ROYYAL COLLEGE OF ARRT has a lively 30 POLICE Children’s November to February 10am – 5pm programme of exhibitions featuring the work directly to the south and dramatic vistas east Turnstile Fountain Play Area to the City of London, guests all agree the The Old Police House T: +44 (0)844 482 7777 of its postgraduate students and lectures by RAIL & TUBE STATIONS CLOSE TO THE ROYAL PARKS RICHMOND Hyde Park, London W2 2UH www.hrp.org.uk leading figures from the worlds of art and panoramic views are breathtaking. Travel is PARK Diana Princess 1 QUEENSWAY 15 HYDE PARK CORNER 29 BARNES T: 999 for emergencies. design. easy with the Heathrow Express just minutes 2 PADDINGTON 16 GREEN PARK 30 EAST PUTNEY of Wales from the hotel, while Marble Arch and Oxford 3 MARYLEBONE 17 CHARING CROSS 31 NORBITON T: +44 (0)20 7706 7272 for Drinkingg Restaurant Open daily: 22 4 LANCASTER GATE 18 WESTMINSTER 32 CUTTY SARK Memorial Walk Street, with their plethora of shops, are just a 5 MARBLE ARCH 19 ST JAMES’S PARK 33 GREENWICH non-emergencies within the park. 10am – 6pm Most exhibitions are free unless 21 23 6 BAKER STREET 20 VICTORIA 34 BLACKHEATH 24 31 Fountain ten-minute stroll away. This deluxe 4-star hotel BUSHY 7 REGENT’S PARK 21 HAMPTON 35 MAZE HILL You can also report a crime online stated otherwise. PARK 8 ST JOHN’S WOOD 22 TEDDINGTON is perfectly positioned in the very heart of this 9 CHALK FARM 23 HAMPTON WICK RAILWAY STATION at www.online.met.police.co.uk T: +44 (0)20 7590 4444 vibrant metropolis. 10 MORNINGTON CRESCENT 24 KINGSTON UPON THAMES TUBE STATION 11 EUSTON 25 HAMPTON COURT DLR DOCKLANDS LIGHT The park is open from 6am to dusk www.rca.ac.uk 25 RAILWAY Telephone 12 ST PANCRAS 26 RICHMOND T: +44 (0)207 262 6737 13 KING’S CROSS 27 NORTH SHEEN all year round. See notice boards or WALKING DISTANCE www.royallancaster.com 14 HIGH STREET KENSINGTON 28 MORTLAKE visit the web for further details. (APPROXIMATE MINUTES) 1 2 www.royalparks.org.uk

Figure 1 Map of Kensington Gardens, also showing the London Cycle Hire Docking Stations

6 Executive Summary

The London Cycle Hire scheme

# The London Cycle Hire scheme has been introduced in benchmarked against comparable studies. The assessments PADDINGTON

2010 by Transport for London. Cycle hire bicycles can be highlighted the success of the scheme, with all ﬁ ve factors OX # found in station areas within and immediately surrounding falling within the agreed thresholds. # BOND STREET Kensington Gardens and are shown with a red dot on the MARBLE ARCH This report presents the second round of monitoring, # map in Figure 1 on page 6. BAYSWATER # undertaken During the September 2011 school term. Park LANCASTER GATE # To highlight potential differences in ﬂ ow levels and users were consulted throughout the process. QUEENSWAY behaviours, the analyses presented in this report # differentiate between those using hired bicycles and cyclists NOTTING HILL GATE The Broad Walk using their own bicycles.

GR E The Shared Use Trial Mount Walk

Studio Walk is a popular route in Kensington Gardens, Studio Walk Albert Approach Road # attracting a signiﬁ cant number of tourists. It is situated at HYDE PARK CORNER # Kensington Gardens the western end of the park connecting Mount Walk and KNIGHTSBRIDGE Kensington Palace Avenue and provides an alternative # Popular Cycling Routes HIGH STREET KENSINGTON The London Cycle Network (LCN) east-west route to Bayswater Road. It is also one of few Recommended by cyclists paths running from the west of the park to the Broad Walk, Signed for cyclists Through parks for walking and cycling the key north-south route within the park. The location of Adjacent to busy roads. May be shared with pedestrians Studio Walk within the wider cycle network can be seen in Pedestrians only # Figure 2 alongside. # Underground VICTOR

Figure 2 The location of Studio Walk in the wider cycle network The Royal Parks (TRP) launched a trial of a shared use scheme on Studio Walk, Kensington Gardens. This started on 2nd August 2010 and will end on 31st January 2012. Funded by The Royal Parks in partnership with Transport for London through the Cycling on Greenways scheme, the trial is aimed to encourage people to enjoy cycling in green spaces and to test the suitability of Studio Walk as a permanent cycling route. Studio Walk East Upon the opening of the path to cyclists, Atkins undertook the fi rst stage of monitoring of the use of the shared path by pedestrians and cyclists. A summary report issued in December 20101 presented an analysis of fi ve “critical Palace Entrance success factors”, including a customer research survey, a shared use study, and a confl ict study, which were Studio Gate

1 “Kensington Gardens Studio Walk Shared Use Trial Monitoring”, Atkins, 7th December 2010 Figure 3 Survey locations on Studio Walk

02 December 2011 7 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Monitoring objectives Critical success factors

Following the success of the fi rst round of monitoring in The Royal Parks defi ned the following fi ve critical success 2010, The Royal Parks Agency has commissioned Atkins factors4 benchmarked on previous research, which have to further monitor Studio Walk before the end of the trial been monitored during the trial period and presented in scheme in January 2012, to assess its performance as a “Evaluating Critical Success Factors” on page 12: permanent shared use pedestrian and cycle route. Criterion 1: No fewer than 95% of users surveyed during To ensure that the scheme is supported by all users, Atkins perception studies must rate the overall quality of the park has undertaken an objective evidence-based research ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. into the level of use and behaviour of users following the same methodology used in the fi rst stage of monitoring. Criterion 2: The level of comfort for pedestrians along This includes surveys to fully understand and investigate Studio Walk must not fall below A or B during peak user attitudes, behaviour, interactions and comfort of users at activity (measured using Platoon Level of Service, a robust Figure 4 Studio Walk as seen looking west from The Broad Walk Figure 5 Shared path on The Broad Walk, Kensington Gardens the outset of the scheme and throughout the trial period. methodology developed from standard pedestrian Level of All surveys have made use of agreed best-practice guidelines Service assessments5 6). and techniques, including guidance from Transport for Criterion 3: Based on video surveys along Studio Walk more London (TfL)1, the Department for Transport2 3 and research than 96% of cycle journeys must not involve neither minor conducted by Atkins for TfL’s Cycling Walking Accessibility confl ict nor major confl ict. Greenways programme.

Criterion 4: 75% of pedestrians surveyed during perception Surveys were undertaken to capture user activity and studies should be satisfi ed, comfortable or very comfortable behavioural trends during peak periods of the week. These with cycling on Studio Walk. The data collected will be surveys were also used to benchmark user views and further analysed with information on vulnerable users evaluate them against critical success factors in order to (classifi ed and registered disabled, elderly and people with support the decision making process on the future of Studio children under fi ve years of age.) If there is a high proportion Walk. of this group who are uncomfortable this will be further Questionnaire surveys were undertaken on 8th September assessed. Dog walkers will also be considered. Figure 6 Open area outside Kensington Palace Entrance on Studio Walk Figure 7 Shared path on Mount Walk, Kensington Gardens 2011 and video surveys on 7th September 2011. As the Criterion 5: 94% of cyclists surveyed during perception same locations were used for both the questionnaire and studies should be satisfi ed, comfortable or very comfortable video surveys, it was important that these were undertaken with cycling on Studio Walk. on different days to ensure that the staff undertaking the questionnaires did not interfere with the survey footage, As in previous monitoring studied conducted by Atkins and to ensure that representative information was collected. for The Royal Parks, to assess criteria 4 and 5, surveys used the following fi ve categories: very uncomfortable, uncomfortable, satisfi ed, comfortable, very comfortable.

4 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle Project Summer Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008 5 Fruin, John J. Pedestrian Planning and Design. New York: Metropolitan Association 1 Transport for London, London Cycling Design Standards. 2005 of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners Inc. 1971 Figure 8 Studio Gate entrance to Kensington Gardens Figure 9 A no-cycling side path along Studio Walk 2 Department for Transport, Cycling in Pedestrian Areas. 2005 6 Pushkarev, Boris, and Jeffrey M. Zupan. Urban Space for Pedestrians: a Report of 3 Department for Transport, Cycle Infrastructure Design. 2008 the Regional Plan Association. MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass. 1975

8 Executive Summary

Summary of Findings

This section provides a summary of the use of Studio Walk On average, cyclists account for about a third of all users. for both cyclists and those on foot observed during the fi rst Around 20% of these cyclists use London Cycle Hire 4% 1% monitoring surveys. This assessment informs the critical bicycles, likely encouraged by the presence of cycle hire 1% Adult Pedestrian success factors presented in “Evaluating Critical Success docking stations both within and immediately outside the pedestrians Child Pedestrian Factors” on page 12. park boundary (as shown in Figure 1 on page 6). AM PM Jogger 600 Adult Cyclist 28% During the PM peak hours, most pedestrians walk Child Cyclist Activity levels 49% individually (62%, Figure 14) or in pairs (26%), although 400 Adult Cyclist Hire larger groups were observed throughout the day, more Child Cyclist Hire Pedestrian and cycling activity, behaviour and the effect on typical of times outside of commuting periods. Rollerblader/ Skater how people use the shared route have been assessed based 200 Mobility Impaired on the morning and afternoon peak periods on a weekday. Survey Location: 14% On the day of the video survey (7th September 2011) the Studio Walk East 3% 0 weather was partly cloudy with light drizzle in the early People per hour (PPH) afternoon. cyclists Figure 13 Summary of demographic information during PM peak hour Survey Mode Weekday (1800- 1900) 600 Date AM Peak PM Peak 5% No of Individuals The results in Figure 13 show that pedestrians make up the 5% No of groups of 2 majority of users on Studio Walk. Cyclists are also present Hour * Hour ** No of groups of 3 400 in high numbers, both on their own and on hired bicycles. 7th Sept Pedestrians 384 588 No of groups of 4 The peak times of activity for pedestrians and cyclists 2011 Cyclists (owned) 154 170 No of groups >4 differ (Figure 11). The highest hourly fl ow of pedestrians 200 Cyclists (hired) 50 42 28% is recorded in the morning between 9:00 and 10:00, and in the evening between 17:00 and 18:00. For cyclists, the * weekday AM Peak hour is 09:00-10:00 for pedestrians and 08:00-09:00 for cyclists. ** weekday PM Peak hour is 17:00-18:00 for pedestrians and 18:00-19:00 for cyclists. 62% AM peak is between 8:00 and 9:00, and the PM peak is 0 07:00 08:00 09:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 between 18:00 and 19:00. This is likely to be due to the Survey Location: Eastbound commuting nature of cycling trips on Studio Walk, which Peak hour Westbound Studio Gate the questionnaire surveys recorded to account for 80% of Figure 11 Flow time profi le on Studio Walk East Figure 14 Group sizes during PM peak hour (1800-1900) all cycling trips. A decision was made to consider the cyclist People per hour (PPH) AM and PM peak hours, which are more likely to capture Survey Mode Weekday the highest interaction between cyclists and pedestrians on Date AM Peak PM Peak Studio Walk. Hour Hour 7th Sept Pedestrians 224 268 * The pedestrian activity on Studio Walk by Studio Gate is 2011 lower than at the eastern end of Studio Walk, most likely Cyclists (owned) 154 164 due to the use of the side paths leading to High Street Cyclists (hired) 44 30

Kensington and tourists walking between The Broad Walk * At Studio Gate, weekday PM Peak hour is 16:00-17:00 for pedestrians. and Kensington Palace Entrance (see Figure 1 on page 6). Figure 10 Summary of activity at peak hours on the weekday

Figure 12 Joggers, walkers and cyclists sharing the path on Studio Walk Figure 15 Dog walker on Studio Walk

02 December 2011 9 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Users behaviours

An assessment of user behaviour was conducted using video Studio Gate footage ﬁ lmed on a typical weekday during the peak hour Cyclists should dismount when exiting the park through cyclists generally slow down when they approach the gate of cycling activity (18:00 - 19:00). The path is shared by a Studio Gate, as indicated by the “cyclists dismount” sign because of the guard railing, although only a few actually number of user types, including walkers, joggers, cyclists located on the guard railing. The footage showed that dismount their bikes (4% during the PM peak, 18:00 - and people with dogs and/or children. 19:00). Along Studio Walk

Pedestrians use the whole length of Studio Walk, as well as the side paths to the south-western gate towards High Street Kensington.

At the time of the surveys, the wide space opposite

Kensington Palace Entrance was fenced-off, restricting Figure 20 Tourists standing by the ﬂ owers and messages at Kensington the path width to 7.4 m. People were observed reading Palace Entrance (video still) the messages on the fence, further restricting the width available for cyclists and other pedestrians to pass (Figure 16).

Non-cycle paths off Studio Walk Figure 17 Cyclist pushing his bike while entering Studio Gate (video still) Figure 18 Studio Gate as seen from Palace Avenue Cycling is not allowed on the side paths but some activity is observed, especially on the diagonal path starting at the easternmost side of Studio Walk, as shown in Figure 19. A total of 23 cyclists were observed using the no-cycling paths during the PM peak hour (18:00 - 19:00, Figure 22).

92% (217) Figure 21 Pedestrians and cyclists sharing the Studio Walk (video still)

8% (18)

100% (213) 98% (210)

1% (3) 1% (2)

Figure 16 Kensington Palace Entrance on the survey day (8th Sept 2011) Figure 19 Direction split of cyclists at the junctions along Studio Walk during the PM peak hour (18:00 - 19:00) Figure 22 Cyclist using a no-cycling path along Studio Walk (video still)

10 Executive Summary

Cycling speed Own bicycles Questionnaire surveys

Speed is a key indicator of cyclist behaviour. It can vary with 12.5 Park users were asked to complete questionnaires on site by Survey Date Type Responses several factors including the physical characteristics and WkdPMWeekday PM trained staff along Studio Walk. The questionnaire surveys 12.1 Stage 2 8th Sept 2011 On-site 189 design of a route, its strategic importance on a transport were undertaken on the 8th September, a different day from network, as well as user activity and individual choice. the video surveys, to ensure that the staff did not infl uence Postal 53 observed behaviour. The weather on the survey day was TOTAL 242 Studio walk is well used by commuters as it provides an 11.9 mild and partly cloudy with occasional drizzle. Table 1 Survey responses for Phase 2 2011 effective east-west connection between the High Street Weekday AM 12.3 Kensington area and the shared path on Mount Walk We provided people the opportunity to either fi ll out the (onwards to Hyde Park). questionnaire on site or take it home and post it back free Survey Date Type Responses 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 of charge. The great majority of responses were completed Stage 1 10th Sept 2010 On-site 144 The speed of a representative sample of cyclists was on site (Table 1). There was a signifi cantly higher number of Barclays Cycle Hire Bicycles measured during both the AM and the PM peak hours total survey returns (242) in this second stage of monitoring Postal 63 MSdMean Speed during a weekday. Average cycling speeds are similar in than in the fi rst stage in 2010 during which a total of 207 TOTAL 207 the morning and in the afternoon. On average, London 9.1 Median Speed responses were collected (Table 2). Table 2 Previous survey responses, for reference (Phase 1 2010) Cycle Hire bicycles are slower then privately owned bicycles, WkdPMWeekday PM 8.9 averaging at 9mph and 12mph respectively (Figure 23). The surveys showed that more than two thirds of These speeds are comparable with those recorded in pedestrians are currently aware of the share use trial previous studies in other Royal Parks. scheme (Figure 25). The awareness is even higher amongst 9.6 cyclists (79%, Figure 26). pedestrians Weekday AM 9.9 An example of the questionnaire form used during the on-site and the postal surveys is shown in Appendix A 31% 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 “Questionnaire Surveys” on page 19.

Yes No Figure 23 Cycling speed on Studio Walk East (8:00-9:00 and 18:00-19:00)

69%

Figure 25 Awareness of Share Use Trial by pedestrians cyclists

21%

Yes No

79%

Figure 24 Shared use trial signage on Studio Walk Figure 26 Awareness of Share Use Trial by cyclists

02 December 2011 11 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Evaluating Critical Success Factors Criterion 1: Pass Criterion 2: Pass

No fewer than 95% of users surveyed during The level of comfort for pedestrians along Studio Main fi ndings: perception studies must rate the overall quality of the Walk must not fall below A or B (measured using the park ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Platoon Level of Service methodology). Taking into account the effect of cyclists, the Platoon Level Minimum Path Width Requirement of Service for pedestrians along the majority of Studio Walk Segregated Shared-Use “Based on customer research surveys, anything more This criterion is equivalent to that used in the fi rst stage of during the PM peak hour is calculated as A and B. This than a 2% drop in respondents fi nding the ‘quality of monitoring of Studio Walk and in the monitoring of The accounts for the presence of obstructions such as street 1m 1m 0.6m 0.6m their visit excellent or good’ with ‘cycling in the park’ as Broad Walk Shared Use Trial Scheme, The Regent’s Park, furniture (e.g. benches and high fence) on the path. a stated reason fails this criterion.” This is benchmarked described as: Studio Walk is a straight, shared use path with a relatively 0.3m passing

against customer research studies carried out in The distance “The level of service for The Broad Walk must be B or steep but short downhill gradient at the eastern end, Minimum distance Regent’s Park by Synovate in 2005 & 2006 in which 97% between group of respondents found the ‘quality of their visit excellent above for peak pedestrian/cycle fl ows based on video between 6% and 10% at its steepest point. This is only for 0.5m 1 footage and the physical attributes of the route.” This a distance of approximately 20m, and the western part of or good. Minimum distance is benchmarked against the Kensington Gardens Shared the path is fl at. The surfacing is currently in good condition Main fi ndings: Use Study carried out by Atkins in 2008. Levels are from and the path shows good sight lines. The street furniture is

A (open movement) to F (jammed). The Level of Service consistently located on the southern side of the path, with a

path divide path cyclist edge zone edge cyclist

Users’ opinions of the park are very high, with 97% of on the Broad Walk without cycling is Level of Service B.2 high fence along the northern side. zone edge pedestrian

0.5m recommended 0.5m path edge path

weekday users rating the overall quality of the park as edge path

0.2`m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.2`m 0.5m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.5m good or excellent (Figure 27). The design of a path can be important to encourage, or This Level of Service assessment suggests that there is 4.5m hinder, responsible use by all users. In particular, the width suffi cient space along this route at weekday peak times to Minimum distance (excluding edge zones) of a path and its capacity can be a key driver for successfully accommodate a shared use facility with the current level 3% sharing space. When assessing the capacity of a path and of user activity. However, this route is likely to have much Figure 28 Desirable minimum path width recommended for unsegregated shared use (active/high activity) its design it is important to take into account the level of higher pedestrian activity at weekends. Therefore it is pedestrian and cycling activity, and how activity on the path recommended to conduct this assessment for weekends to 29% Excellent Good varies with time, i.e. during weekday commuting periods. ensure that there is suffi cient capacity at peak times. • The Level of Service of the path at Studio Walk East Satisfactory Poor Using research conducted by Atkins for Transport for is calculated as A, with all pedestrians or one cyclist London on shared use cycle routes, the Level of Service has Very Poor No Opinion taken into account, and at B, with two cyclists been calculated for pedestrians during Studio Walk Shared taken into account. Use trial. Level of Service is a standard measurement of • The Level of Service on Studio Walk by Studio Gate 68% pedestrian capacity and level of comfort. In this context, is calculated as A, with all pedestrians, one cyclist or the methodology assesses the peak volume of pedestrian two cyclists taken into account. fl ow activity and the amount of available, usable space for Figure 27 Perception of the park pedestrians.

1 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle Project Summer 2 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle Project Summer Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008 Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008

12 Executive Summary

Criterion 3: Pass 1 2 Based on video surveys along Studio Walk more than Main fi ndings: 95% of cycle journeys must involve neither minor To understand the behaviours along Studio Walk, three confl ict nor major confl ict. locations were assessed (Table 3 below):

Minor Confl ict is defi ned as when a ‘cyclist or pedestrian • On Studio Walk (east) - out of a total of 439 has to brake or change direction but the movement is journeys, only one minor confl ict was highlighted. jogger calm and controlled within a 2m distance of each other’. • Palace Entrance, Studio Walk - no confl icts were approaching a cyclist enters from the right Major confl ict is defi ned as ‘cyclist or pedestrian has to observed during the survey out of a total of 410 the gate side, the jogger moves to the left take emergency action, within 1m of each other, in what is cycle journeys. 1 considered to be a near miss’. • Studio Gate, Studio Walk - out of a total of 408 cycle journeys, one major confl ict and fi ve minor 3 4 Assessing the number of confl icts between pedestrians confl icts were highlighted, accounting for 1.5% of and cyclists is key to evaluating the success of the shared cycle journeys. use scheme. Typical user behaviour along cycling and walking routes can vary depending on factors including, The “major confl ict” is illustrated in Figure 29. but not limited to, current activity levels, the type of user, proportions of each user group and the design of the space a cyclist enters from the left, both continue their (its proposed use and how it is used in practice). the jogger and the cyclist have journeys after a short to stop abruptly to avoid each other pause The level of potential confl ict is sometimes perceived to Figure 29 The only major confl ict highlighted during the survey increase on unsegregated shared use routes, particularly as there is no designated exclusive space for either pedestrians Studio Walk East or cyclists. However, unsegregated space can increase the Description Indicative Interaction Cyclist Direction Cyclist Indicative Speed Passing awareness of pedestrian priority amongst all users, and Location Day Time Child Cyclist? Grade Introduction Unexpected Action Response of Travel Tortousity of Cyclist Distance (metres) support considerate cycling by the majority of cyclists. Minor A pedestrian is walking along the A cyclist is crossing the Broad Walk The pedestrian has to stop to avoid Low (mostly Studio Walk (east) Wednesday 08:56:20 Eastbound No Normal <1 conflict Broad Walk. going eastwards. the cyclist. straight) Palace Entrance

Description Indicative Interaction Cyclist Direction Cyclist Indicative Speed Passing Location Day Time Child Cyclist? Grade Introduction Unexpected Action Response of Travel Tortousity of Cyclist Distance (metres) The pedestrian has to stop for a Medium Minor A cyclist approaches the gate on Studio Gate Wednesday 08:32:47 A pedestrian enters Studio Walk moment until cyclists passes on the Westbound (minor zig- No Normal <1 conflict the same side. opposide side of the gate. zagging) The pedestrian has to stop for a Medium Minor A pedestrian with a dog enters A cyclist approaches the gate on Studio Gate Wednesday 08:32:55 moment until cyclists passes on the Westbound (minor zig- No Normal <1 conflict Studio Walk the same side. opposide side of the gate. zagging) The pedestrian has to stop to allow Medium Minor A cyclist on cycle hire exits the gate Studio Gate Wednesday 08:50:12 A pedestrian enters the gate the cyclist to turn to the other side Westbound (minor zig- No Normal <1 conflict without dismounting of the gate zagging) Three pedestrians enter Studio The pedestrians stop to let cyclist Medium Minor Cygyclist exits the gate without StStudioudio Gate WednesdaWednesdayy 1818:02:29:02:29 Walk and another c cyclistyclist pass, w whilehile the another c cyclistyclist c cyclesycles EastboEastboundund (minor z zigig- No SloSloww<<11 conflict dismounting approaches the gate behind them through them from behind zagging) Minor Three cyclists enter the gate The pedestrian has to stop abruptly High (zig- Studio Gate Wednesday 18:38:40 A pedestrian exits Studio Walk Eastbound No Normal <1 conflict without dismounting to let the cyclists in zagging) Major A cyclist enters gate without Both have to stop abruptly to avoid Low (mostly Studio Gate Wednesday 18:45:28 A jogger exits Studio Gate Eastbound No Slow <1 conflict dismounting each other. straight)

1 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle Project Summer Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008 Table 3 Summary of interactions at the three locations

02 December 2011 13 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Criterion 4: Borderline Pass Of all people with young children, 71% were either 75% of pedestrians surveyed during perception 3% 0% studies should be either satisfi ed, comfortable or very comfortable or very comfortable with the shared use trial, and an additional 11% were satisfi ed (Figure 34). 7% 9% comfortable with cycling on Studio Walk. 17% 9% Very comfortable Very comfortable 27% 11% “This is benchmarked against surveys in Kensington No respondents considered themselves to have disabilities. Comfortable Comfortable Satisfactory Gardens in which 74% of pedestrians thought the cycle Satisfactory Note 13% Not comfortable Not comfortable routes worked OK, Well, or Very Well. The data collected Very uncomfortable Very uncomfortable will be further analysed with information on vulnerable On the day of the on-site questionnaire surveys (8th No experience/opinion 23% No experience/opinion users (classifi ed and registered disabled, elderly and September 2011), the open space opposite the entrance 40% people with children under 5 years of age). If there is a to Kensington Palace was temporarily fenced off (Figure 41% higher proportion of this group who are ‘uncomfortable’ 32) whilst demolition works were being carried out along with the scheme this will be a critical failure. Dog Studio Walk. This was being undertaken as part of long Figure 30 Overall comfort with the scheme Figure 33 Dog walkers’ comfort with the scheme walkers will also be considered in a separate category. term improvements to Kensington Palace. It is probable that Further analysis will be carried out and considered if the these works had a detrimental impact on the results of the 2% percentage falls between 95% and 75% (one in twenty questionnaire, and it likely overall satisfaction rates recorded 1 to one in four ‘uncomfortable’ with the trial).” during the demolition are lower than at other times. 11% 13% 14% 21% Very comfortable 4% Very comfortable Recommendations: Comfortable Comfortable 13% Main fi ndings: Satisfactory Satisfactory 11% It is recommended that an additional review of users’ Not comfortable Not comfortable In total, 81% of all surveyed users who expressed an Very uncomfortable Very uncomfortable perception of the scheme is conducted in the upcoming year opinion are either satisfi ed, comfortable or very comfortable No experience/opinion No experience/opinion following the conclusion of works to improve Kensington 17% 44% with the shared use trial Figure 30). Palace, alongside further on-site assessments to be 50% undertaken by the Park Management team. Of all respondents, perceived comfort tends to decrease with age, as shown in Figure 35. With about a third of Main comments: respondents over the age of 55 not comfortable or very Figure 31 Pedestrians’ comfort with the scheme Figure 34 People with children’s comfort with the scheme uncomfortable with the shared use trial. • “It’s fi ne” • “Very happy about cycling on Studio Walk “ 74% of pedestrians are either satisfi ed, comfortable or • “Good, safe, more signage could be useful” very comfortable with the scheme (Figure 31). • “It’s fi ne if everyone respects other users” This criterion is at the borderline of the threshold set in the • “There should be clearer cycling signs” 100% previous stage of monitoring and other similar assessments 90% • “There should be more speed restrictions” for The Royal Parks. However, the number of responses 80% 70% recorded on site and by post is relatively low compared to • “There are some cyclists who go too fast and are No experience/opinion 60% Very uncomfortable arrogant. This needs to be controlled. But do not have Not comfortable the number of people recorded on Studio Walk. As such, a 50% a separate cycle lane. This is more dangerous as cyclists Satisfactory small number of additional negative responses can result in 40% Comfortable believe they can do whatever they like in the lane. “ Very comfortable markedly lower percentages. 30% • “There should be a separate lane for cyclists“ 20% 10% Of all park users walking a dog, 80% were either satisfi ed, • “There are issues with dogs, it is too dark at evening 0% comfortable or very comfortable with the shared use trial time“ Under 16 17-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 Over 55 Total scheme (Figure 33). • “Studio Walk is popular for walkers and visitors. It is Figure 32 Temporary fence at Kensington Palace Entrance on the survey day Figure 35 Comfort of all weekday users by age dangerous - proven, from personal experience - to have 1 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle cyclists going at a speed“ Project Summer Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008 14 Executive Summary

Criterion 5: Pass

94% of cyclists surveyed during perception studies should Comments: be either satisfi ed, comfortable or very comfortable with • “Great idea, supported by all people I know who live in cycling on Studio Walk. Kensington & Chelsea “ • “I cycle through every day to and from work” “This is benchmarked against surveys in Kensington Gardens in which 94% of cyclists thought the cycle • “It works very well as a shared surface. It would be good to extend the shared route through the passage to routes worked OK, Well, or Very Well).”1 Kensington Church Street” Main fi ndings: • “It makes sense. It is a much safer way to get to Kensington High St or Church St and also to Holland Park” 95% cyclist respondents are either satisfi ed, • “On weekends my kids also use Studio Walk for cycling” comfortable or very comfortable with the shared use • “I decrease the speed when crossing the park to avoid trial, with all positive responses with the exception of a accidents.” single cyclist rating the scheme “not comfortable” and three • “Signage could be better, many pedestrian (often tourists) cyclists answering “no experience/opinion” seem unaware it is a shared path” Some people suggested a segregated path should be in • “Cyclists should use the path more carefully and be place, although research suggest this could increase cycling slower” speeds and potential confl ict with pedestrians. A number of users suggested more effective shared use signage should be in use (Figure 38). Research is inconclusive whether any additional signage would provide any direct benefi t.

Figure 37 Cyclists and pedestrians sharing the path on Studio Walk 1% 4% 4%

Very comfortable Comfortable Satisfactory Not comfortable 36% 55% Very uncomfortable No experience/opinion

Figure 36 Cyclists’ comfort with the scheme

Figure 38 Shared use signage used on Studio Walk Figure 39 “No cycling” signage used on the side paths on Studio Walk 1 The Royal Parks, The Regent’s Park Broad Walk Shared-Use Cycle Project Summer Trial Report and Extended Trial Criteria. August 2008

02 December 2011 15 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Conclusions

Kensington Gardens is a very important green space for local residents and a key tourist attraction in London. The Average cycling Studio Walk Shared Use Trial encourages cycling in the park speeds are about and offers a more integrated east-west route to cyclists. 12mph for privately owned The key ﬁ ndings of the second stage of monitoring are Many cyclists slow down but Very low At the time of the surveys Some cycling observed on bicycles and 9mph shown in Figure 40 alongside. few dismount at Studio Gate. numbers of the open space opposite this path (8% of all cyclists on for hired bikes. cyclists on these Kensington Palace Entrance Studio Walk East during the The research shows that the path is well used and the level non-cycle paths was temporarily fenced off; peak hour). were observed. however fencing has since Level of Service for of conﬂ ict between pedestrians and cyclists is low. Overall, Level of comfort been removed. pedestrians is A satisfaction levels of the trial were high, with most set for pedestrians or B. ‘success factors’ falling within the agreed thresholds. is A.

Cycling activity on no-cycling paths is low, although some unauthorised cycling was observed, mostly on the diagonal path leading from Studio Walk East towards High Street Kensington.

Average cycling speed of privately owned bicycles is measured at the eastern end of Studio walk as 12mph, in line with speeds recorded by Atkins in previous studies in other similar environments. London Cycle Hire bicycles are used at a lower average speed of approximately 9mph. Studio Walk East The assessments were undertaken on a typical weekday only. Weekend fl ow levels, interactions and behaviours are likely to differ from those recorded on a weekday. Therefore, any further monitoring and analysis could include entrance to the weekend to reinforce the weekday assessment and to Kensington Palace ensure the high levels of satisfaction and low level of confl ict remain during the peak leisure fl ows. side path

Studio Gate side path

side path

Figure 40 Map of key ﬁ ndings on cycling and pedestrian movement on Studio Walk

Appendix a Observation Studies

02 December 2011 17 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Introduction Video footage Flow survey

This section provides details of our observation studies. Our The assessments are based on footage fi lmed on 7th Methodology assessment of activity, behaviour and the effect on how September 2011 at the locations indicated on the map in people use the shared route on Studio Walk is based on Figure 41 and shown in Figure 42 to Figure 44. The method used for this study is known as the ‘stationary video footage fi lmed on 7th September 2011. gate method’ whereby all pedestrians and cyclists who Data was collected on the following periods: cross an imaginary line are counted during fi xed periods. Statistics on users’ perception are based on questionnaire Directionality is recorded as appropriate. • Weekday morning peak (07:00-10:00) surveys, which were conducted on site on 8th September 2011. • Weekday afternoon peak (16:00-19:00) At each stage, using video footage recorded on a weekday (see table alongside) we undertook a count of all the The three sections of Studio Walk considered in this study footage at two key locations (Studio Walk East and Studio are shown in Figure 41 below. Gate), split into 15 minute time intervals. From this survey

we obtained a time proﬁ le for the day and deﬁ ned the peak Figure 42 Example of camera view at Studio Walk East hour of activity (based on the highest cyclist activity).

Subsequently, a continuous count of pedestrians and cyclists was undertaken at Studio Walk East for the peak hour of activity. This was also used to collect demographic data of the park’s users, which also indicate the number of park users with dogs and those with children. Cyclists using Cycle Hire Scheme bicycles were counted separately from cyclists using their own bicycle.

All survey Stage 2 locations Date: 7th September 2011 Figure 43 Example of camera view at the Palace Entrance Day: Wednesday Times: 07:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 Total gates: 3 sample locations Studio Walk East Frequency: Every half an hour Duration: 15 minute intervals Total duration: 390 minutes sampled Palace Entrance Weather: Fine or partly cloudy Method: Video footage

Studio Gate

Figure 41 Survey locations on Studio Walk Table 4 Video footage dates and time periods Figure 44 Example of camera view at Studio Gate

Questionnaire Surveys Studio Walk, Kensington Gardens

Atkins Euston Tower Methodology 286 Euston Road London Thank you very much for taking a questionnaire. It should take no longer than five minutes to complete. A shared use cycle and NW1 3AT pedestrian trial route is running from 2 August 2010 to 31 January 2012 on Studio Walk, Kensington Gardens. As part of the trial, Pedestrians and cyclists were asked to complete Atkins is investigating the attitudes and opinions of different users of the park on behalf of the Royal Parks. www.atkinsglobal.com questionnaires on site by trained staff along Studio Walk on the 8th September 2011. i What was the time of your visit when Studio Walk, Kensington Gardens given this survey? please specify In addition, we provided the opportunity for members of We would like to know some information about your visit to the park Thank you very much for taking this questionnaire. It should take no longer than five minutes to the public to take a questionnaire home and post it back ii Were you cycling or walking? X Cyclist X Pedestrian complete. This survey is being carried out by Atkins on behalf of The Royal Parks. free of charge if they did not have the time to complete it 1 What was your main means of transport X Walk X Car to the park on this visit? X Cycle (used Own Bicycle) X Taxi/minicab on-site. Figure 46 to Figure 48 show the questionnaire that A shared use cycle and pedestrian trial is running from 2 August 2010 to 31 January 2012 on Studio X Cycle (used Cycle Hire) X Coach please specify was used. Walk, Kensington Gardens. As part of the trial, Atkins is investigating the attitudes and opinions of X Tube/Underground X Train please specify different users of Kensington Gardens towards the scheme. please specify station X Other please specify

X Local Bus We would be grateful if you could fill out the attached questionnaire regarding your visit to the park.

Please return the questionnaire to Atkins within two weeks using the postage-paid addressed envelope 2 How frequently do you visit / use X 5 times a week or more X yearly provided. Kensington Gardens? X 1 - 4 times a week X less than once a year X monthly X first visit

3 In which season(s) do you visit / use the park? X All year round X Autumn The cycle trial aims to encourage people to enjoy cycling in green spaces and test the suitability of Studio X Spring X Winter Walk as a permanent cycling route. Following the positive responses of the first monitoring stage, a X Summer second and final assessment is taking place. Park users have been consulted throughout the monitoring 4a How long did your journey to the park take X Less than 5 minutes X 20 - 30 minutes on this visit? X 5 - 10 minutes X more than 30 minutes process. X 10- 15 minutes X do not know / cannot remember X 15 - 20 minutes

If you have any specific queries about this questionnaire, or would prefer a copy in large print, please 4b How far did you travel to reach the park today? X Less than 1 mile X 5 - 10 miles X 1 -2 miles X more than 10 miles contact our team on 0207 121 2551 or email us at [email protected]. If you have any X 2 - 5 miles X don't know / other general queries about this survey, please contact The Royal Parks at [email protected]. 5 How long did you stay in the park during X 30 minutes or less X 3 - 4 hours this visit? X 31 - 60 minutes X 4 - 5 hours Thanks again for sharing your views with us. X 1 - 2 hours X More than 5 hours X 2 - 3 hours X do not know / cannot remember

6 How would you rate the quality of X Excellent: go to q8 X Poor: go to q7 the park overall? X Good: go to q8 X Very poor: go to q7 X Satisfactory: go to q7 X No opinion: go to q8

7 What affected your enjoyment of the Park on your visit?

8 Are you aware of the current Pilot Scheme X Yes X No whereby pedestrians and cyclists share the Studio Walk?

9a How do you feel about the current Pilot Scheme 5 very comfortable; no perception of conflict whereby pedestrians and cyclists share the Studio Walk? 4 comfortable; perception that collisions/near misses are rare and mostly without incident 3 satisfactory; interactions mostly without incident

2 not comfortable; perception that collisions/ near misses occur quite frequently

Atkins Intelligent Space Partnership Limited 1 very uncomfortable; perception that collisions/ near misses very frequent Registered Office: Woodcote Grove Ashley Road Epsom Surrey KT18 5BW England Registered in England Company Number: 5609795 0 no opinion / no experience

9b Any additional comments?

Figure 45 Undertaking an on-site questionnaire Figure 46 Example Questionnaire (postal), Covering sheet Figure 47 Example Questionnaire (postal), page 1

02 December 2011 19 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

10 Overall how do you feel about cycling in Kensington Gardens? Speed survey

Methodology

Cycling speed surveys were undertaken at Studio Walk (East) 11 Please write any other comments about cycling, walking or shared use on Studio Walk below during the morning and the afternoon peak hours. Cycling speed at this location was of concern due to the high level of pedestrian and cycling ﬂ ows, as well as the presence of a level change which could increase the speed of cyclist going towards Studio Gate. If you cycled on your visit to the Kensington Gardens

12a How often do you cycle on Studio Walk? X Daily X More than once a year A sample of 80 cyclists were observed, 40 in the AM X More than once a week X less than once a year X More than once a month X first time peak and 40 in the PM peak periods. An equal number of

12b For what reason were you using the park? X Leisure X Commuting privately own and hired bicycles were observed to provide a X Avoid busy roads X Other please specify comparison of speed between the two typologies.

12c Do you ever cycle on other paths in Kensington X Yes X No Gardens where cyclists are not allowed?

If you walked a dog on your visit to the Kensington Gardens

13a How many dogs did you walk? number

13b How often do you walk your dog/s X Daily X More than once a year in Kensington Gardens? X More than once a week X less than once a year X More than once a month X first time

If you visited the Kensington Gardens with young children

14a How many children did you have with you? number

14b How often do you bring your children to X Daily X More than once a year the Kensington Gardens? X More than once a week X less than once a year X More than once a month X first time

14c Do you ever use a push chair? X Yes X No

14d Do your children bring bicycles/ scooters? X Yes X No

It would be helpful if you could provide the following information. You are under no obligation to give it.

15 Do you consider yourself to have a disability that X Visual or hearing impaired affects your use of the parks and open spaces? X Mobility impaired X Other please specify

16a What gender are you? X Male X Female

16b What is your age? X under 16 X 17-25 X 26-35 X 36-45 X 46-55 X over 55

17 What is the first part of your postcode? E.g. W8

18 Do you belong to any organisation which has a particular interest in Kensington Gardens? If so, please give details.

Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. Your help is much appreciated.

Figure 48 Example Questionnaire (postal), page 2

Interactions study Our approach Types of interaction and confl ict Further information Following the same methodology as the previous stage of In addition to what is considered typical behaviour, there A full list of recorded confl icts can be found in the appendix, Introduction monitoring, an analysis of interactions and confl icts between are four types of interactions and near-miss scenarios and are described around the criteria of: cyclists and pedestrians was undertaken using video footage categorised as potential confl icts: Assessing the number of interactions and confl icts between • A description of events pedestrians and cyclists is key to determining the success of at the three sections of Studio Walk, Kensington Gardens, Minor confl ict • Time of day and date of the event the shared use trial on Studio Walk. shown in “Criterion 3: Pass” on page 13. • Indicative passing distance Surveys took place on a weekday at both AM and PM peak In response to unexpected action, a cyclist or pedestrian Typical user behaviour along cycling and walking routes can • Indicative speed has to brake or change direction to avoid a collision, but vary depending on factors such as: hours, 08:00-09:00 and 18:00-19:00 respectively. movement is generally calm and controlled. Factors that • The type of user; affect a minor confl ict could include:

• The design of the space, its proposed use and how it is • At least one party may be unaware of the other’s used in practice; intended route (poor visibility on approach, high speed or • The current activity levels and proportion of each user narrow passing distance). type; • The rate of change in velocity needed to avoid collision is • The individual circumstance. low, and/or movement is calm and controlled. • The perceived consequence of neither party taking action Shared use routes raise the possibility of interactions could be a collision. between pedestrians and cyclists, particularly as there are no designated spaces for each user type to use. Major conﬂ ict

In response to unexpected action, a cyclist or pedestrian has to take emergency action in what is considered to be a near miss.

Factors that affect a major conﬂ ict could include:

• The rate of change in velocity needed to avoid collision is high and/or movement is uncontrolled. • At least one party is unaware of the other’s intended route (poor visibility on approach, high speed and/ or narrow passing distance). • The perceived consequence of neither party taking action could be a severe collision.

Collision

Actual physical contact, could be slight or severe.

• No collisions were observed or assessed along Studio Walk during our survey.

02 December 2011 21 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Appendix b Level of Service Assessment

02 December 2011 23 Kensington Gardens Studio Walk

Introduction Our approach Space requirements Although the capacity of a shared use or segregated path The design of a path can be important to encourage, or Using the methodology followed in the previous monitoring 1m 0.6m is dependent on the level of pedestrian and cyclist activity, hinder, responsible use by all users. In particular, the width stage of Studio Walk and research conducted by Atkins for there are desirable minimum widths which accommodate a of a path and its capacity can be a key driver for successfully Transport for London on shared use cycle routes, we have rudimentary level of use. Person width sharing space. assessed the Level of Service for pedestrians during the (Fruin) Studio Walk Shared Use Trial. User widths When assessing the capacity of a path and its design it is Cyclist width (DfT 2008) important to take into account the level of pedestrian and Level of Service is a standard measurement of pedestrian Guidance on minimum and recommended widths for shared cyclist activity, and how activity on the path varies with time. capacity and level of comfort. In this context, the and segregated cycling routes in open spaces is inconsistent. This supports an understanding of how a path functions methodology assesses the peak volume of pedestrian ﬂ ow Atkins made recommendations to TfL as part of guidance during commuting periods or during busy weekend activity and the amount of available, usable space for users. for cycling and walking on London’s greenways, which in 1m 1m 0.6m 0.6m afternoons, when capacity issues are signiﬁ cant. part aimed to assess previous guidelines and clarify the Platoon Level of Service amount of space cyclists and pedestrians typically use.

Figure 50 shows the space requirements for cyclists and 0.1m passing Level of Service is measured on a sliding scale to benchmark distance pedestrians, as determined by ongoing evaluation of current Minimum distance the level of comfort of routes from A, with plenty of between couple guidelines and ﬁ ndings. Width required by two pedestrians available space to walk or cycle freely, through to F, where 0.5m (Level of Service for London 2008) the crowd and space available minimises the freedom of Minimum distance Cyclist widths are taken from DfT1 and pedestrian widths are movement. The scale is shown in Figure 49. Width required by two cyclists taken from guidance prepared by Atkins for TfL’s Pedestrian (DfT 2008) The Platoon Level of Service standard takes into account Comfort Guidance for London. grouping of pedestrians, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, The width of a pavement available for users tends to be less which tends to reduce the level of comfort for each user. Cyclist edge zones Pedestrian edge zones than the actual width of the path. This is often due to a The Platoon Level of Service is therefore appropriate for 0.5m 0.2m combination of two reasons: edge bounding edge bounding open space and park environments such as Studio Walk 0m 0m where people often walk together. • Obstructions such as street furniture (e.g. bins, benches beside grass beside grass and signs) will reduce the amount of width available for users • Users tend to leave space between themselves and the Figure 50 Pedestrian and cyclist space requirements path edge, which can be adjacent to a wall, fence or other obstruction.

Platoon LOS Description These edge zones for cyclists and pedestrians are also shown in Figure 50 and have been taken into account in our A Open analysis. BImpeded C Constrained D Congested E Crowded 1 Cycle Infrastructure Design, Local Transport Note 2/08, October 2008, FJammed DfT

Figure 49 Platoon Level of Service descriptions

Minimum path width Measuring footway width Pedestrian Level of Service Based on user widths, the recommended minimum width Pavement widths for Studio Walk were obtained from Low cyclist activity: two cyclists passing of an unsegregated shared use route is a provided in Figure on-site surveys by Atkins. The Level of Service calculation is based on the ‘worst case scenario’ for pedestrian and 51, which is based on low pedestrian and cyclist activity. The assessment in Figure 53 shows the pedestrian Level of cyclist activity. For this reason, the minimum width of path The minimum path width of 3.0m allows for one cyclist and Service, taking into account the minimum standard of space available for users (defi ned as the pinch point) was used in two pedestrians to pass side-by-side. Figure 52 provides required for two cyclist passing. a desirable minimum path width for an unsegregated the calculation, which takes into account the presence of route with active / high pedestrian and cyclist activity. The regular benches along the route. The Level of Service assessment suggests that there is minimum path width of 4.5m allows for two cyclists and suffi cient space along most of the route at peak times to Measuring pedestrian fl ow two pedestrians to pass side-by-side. accommodate a shared use facility with low levels of cyclist activity. Peak 15 minute fl ow (scaled to an equivalent fl ow per unit time per unit width) have been used in all calculations.

LoS A (Sept 2011) LoS B (Sept 2011) Unsegregated Shared-Use q UnsegregatedShared-Use Shared-Use 1m 0.6m 0.6m 1m 1m 0.6m 0.6m

0.3m 0.3m passing distance Minimum distance Minimum distance between group between group

0.5m Minimum distance

Level of Comfort

0.5m per edge edge per 0.5m 0.5m per edge edge per 0.5m

cyclist edge zone edge cyclist A Open

cyclist edge zone edge cyclist

pedestrian edge zone edge pedestrian

pedestrian edge zone edge pedestrian path edge path

path edge path B Impeded

pedestrian / cyclist passing zone passing cyclist / pedestrian

path edge path

0.2`m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.2`m

0.5m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.5m

pedestrian / cyclist passing zone passing cyclist / pedestrian 0.2`m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.2`m 0.5m per edge (0m beside grass) grass) beside (0m edge per 0.5m C Constrained 4.5m 3.0m Minimum distance (excluding edge zones) D Congested Minimum distance (excluding edge zones) E Crowded F Jammed

Figure 51 Minimum path width recommended for unsegregated shared use Figure 52 Desirable minimum path width recommended for unsegregated Figure 53 Pedestrian Level of Service with two cyclists passing on a weekday (low activity) shared use (active/high activity)

02 December 2011 25 Atkins

Euston Tower, 286 Euston Road

London NW1 3AT www.atkinsglobal.com