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Liquid-Vapor Equilibria and Henry's Law Constants for Volatile Organics in Surfactants

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Liquid-Vapor Equilibria and Henry's Law Constants for Volatile Organics in Surfactants New Jersey Institute of Technology Digital Commons @ NJIT Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-31-1991 Liquid-vapor equilibria and Henry's law constants for volatile organics in surfactants Qianping Peng New Jersey Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Peng, Qianping, "Liquid-vapor equilibria and Henry's law constants for volatile organics in surfactants" (1991). Theses. 1846. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses/1846 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ NJIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ NJIT. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Please Note: The author retains the copyright while the New Jersey Institute of Technology reserves the right to distribute this thesis or dissertation Printing note: If you do not wish to print this page, then select “Pages from: first page # to: last page #” on the print dialog screen The Van Houten library has removed some of the personal information and all signatures from the approval page and biographical sketches of theses and dissertations in order to protect the identity of NJIT graduates and faculty. ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIA AND HENRY'S LAW CONSTANTS FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN SURFACTANTS Qianping Peng, M.S. Environmental Science, 1991 Thesis directed by: Dr. Joseph W. Bozzelli We present liquid vapor equilibria data and Henry's law con- stants for Methyl-ethyl Ketone, Toluene, Butyl Acetate, Acetone and i-Propanol in surfactants: Octylphenyl Decaethoxylate, Sorbi- tan Monooleate and Sodium Sulfonate at temperatures of 20 to 70 C. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of applying surfactant absorption technique (neat surfactants) to volatile organic compounds (VOC's) for the removal of these species as organic vapors from air emission streams. Liquid/vapor equilibrium data are presented as curves in sever- al different ways: i. Each individual VOC at four temperatures between 22 C to 70 C in the respective surfactants Octylpenyl Decaethoxylate, Sorbitan Monooleate and Sodium Sulfonate. Liquid phase concentration ranges vary for 0.05 to 0.45 mole fraction. ii. Vapor/liquid concentrations for all the 5 organics in the respective surfactants. At the individual temperatures : 22 C 40 C, 60 C and 70 C. Liquid phase concentration ranges vary for 0.05 to 0.45 mole fraction. iii. Vapor/liquid equilibria data for each organic at the four respective temperatures in all surfactants (the different absorption capacity of each surfactant). Vapor concentration data was determined through use of gas chromatography. Analyses of vapor samples over the liquid at the equilibrium was achieved. All the surfactants provided significant absorbent capacity for the VOC's efficient except for Acetone. This study determined that the application of pure surfactant scrubbing to absorb the organic vapor is very promising. LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIA AND Henryis LAW CONSTANTS FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN SURFACTANTS BY QIANPING PENG Thesis submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of the New Jersey Institute of technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May, 1991 APPROVAL SHEET Title of Thesis : LIQUID VAPOR EQUILIRIA AND HENRY'S LAW CONSTANTS FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN SURFACTANTS Name of Candidate: Qianping Peng Master of Science in Environmental Science, 1991 Thesis and Abstract Approved: ir dip („) Prof. Joseph W. Bozzelli Date Chemistry & Environmental Science Signature of other members of the thesis committee. Prof. I. Gotlieb' Date Chemical Engineering Prof. R. Trattner Date Chemistry & Environmental Sience VITA Name: Qianping Peng Permanent address: 507 Stratford Rd. Union, NJ 07083 Degree and Date to be conferred: Master of Science in Environmental Science, 1991 Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Collegiate institution attended Dates Degree Date of Degree Tongji Medical University 1978-1983 B.S. 1983 New Jersey Institute of Tech. 1989-1991 M.S. 1991 Major: Environmental Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I appreciate to Dr. Joseph W. Bozzelli for his support, guidance and encouragement to pursue scientific research. I am also very proud to have worked with him. I would like to thank my thesis members Dr. I. Gotlieb and Dr. Richard Trattner for their helpful corrections and productive comments. I would also like to acknowledge my colleagues at NJIT. I have learned a great deal from members of this group and my beloved friends for their support and guidance. TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. ORGANIC VAPOR IN AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL TECHNIQUES 1 B. PREVIOUS WORK AND PRINCIPLES OF GAS ABSORPTION 8 C. SURFACTANT AND SOLUBILIZATION EFFECTS 14 II. EXPERIMENT 21 A. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 21 B. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 28 a. Standard preparation analysis 28 b. Sample preparation 30 c. Isothermal vapor - liquid equilibrium 30 d. Analysis of samples 31 III. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 34 A. STANDARDS 34 B. SAMPLE DATA 35 CHAPTER Page IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 46 A. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM 49 B. RELATIVE SOLUBILITIES OF THE TARGET VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC'S) IN SURFACTANTS 53 C. COMPARISON OF SURFACTANTS ABSORPTION 57 V. CONCLUSION 122 REFERENCES 125 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I-1 Schematic Diagram of surface Active Molecule 16 II-1 Side View of Constant Temperature Bath Apparatus 22 11-2 Top View of Constant Temperature Bath Apparatus 22 III-1 MEK Standard Curve (FID-GC) 41 111-2 Toluene Standard Curve (FID-GC) 42 111-3 Butyl Acetate Standard Curve (FID-GC) 43 111-4 Acetone Standard Curve (FID-GC) 44 111-5 i-Propanol Standard Curve (FID-GC) 45 IV-1 MEK Mole Fraction (OPD) 76 IV-2 Toluene Mole Fraction (OPD) 77 IV-3 Butyl Acetate Mole Fraction (OPD) 78 IV-4 Acetone Mole Fraction (OPD) 79 IV-5 i-Propanol Mole Fraction (OPD) 80 IV-6 MEK Mole Fraction (SM) 81 IV-7 Toluene Mole Fraction (SM) 82 IV-8 Butyl Acetate Mole Fraction (SM) 83 IV-9 Acetone Mole Fraction (SM) 84 iii IV-10 i-Propanol Mole Fraction (SM) 85 IV-11 MEK Mole Fraction (SS) 86 IV-12 Toluene Mole Fraction (SS) 87 IV-13 Butyl Acetate Mole Fraction (SS) 88 IV-14 Acetone Mole Fraction (SS) 89 IV-15 i-Propanol Mole Fraction (SS) 90 IV-16 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 22 C (OPD) 91 IV-17 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 40 C (OPD) 92 IV-18 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 60 C (OPD) 93 IV-19 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 70 C (OPD) 94 IV-20 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 22 C (SM) 95 IV-21 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 40 C (SM) 96 IV-22 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 60 C (SM) 97 IV-23 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 70 C (SM) 98 IV-24 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 22 C (SS) 99 IV-25 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 40 C (SS) 100 iv IV-26 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 60 C (SS) 101 IV-27 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Distribution at 70 C (SS) 102 IV-28 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of MEK (22 C) 103 IV-29 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of MEK (40 C) 104 IV-30 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of MEK (60 C) 105 IV-31 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of MEK (70 C) 106 IV-32 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Toluene (22 C) 107 IV-33 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Toluene (40 C) 108 IV-34 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Toluene (60 C) 109 IV-35 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Toluene (70 C) 110 IV-36 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Butyl Acetate (22 C) 111 IV-37 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Butyl Acetate (40 C) 112 IV-38 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Butyl Acetate (60 C) 113 IV-39 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Butyl Acetate (70 C) 114 IV-40 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Acetone (22 C) 115 IV-41 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Acetone (40 C) 116 IV-42 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Acetone (60 C) 117 IV-43 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Acetone (70 C) 118 IV-44 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of i-Propanol (22 C) 119 IV-45 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of i-Propanol (40 C) 120 IV-46 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of i-Propanol (60 C) 121 IV-47 Effect of Surfactant on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of i-Propanol (70 C) 122 vi LIST OF TABLES Table ' Page II-1 Physical Properties
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