1052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 784. Also, petition of Anne Lynch and 21 residents of Jersey of our needy citizens over 60 years of age and provide pros City, N. J., urging the Congress of the United States to ad perity for America and security for all at 60; to the Com here to the general policy of neutrality as enunciated in the mittee on Ways and Means. act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our statute books the 797. Also, petition of certain citizens of Nezperce, Idaho, further and corollary principle enunciated in the act of urging that the United States Government put into effect May 1, 1~37, extending the original act to include civil as a policy of nonparticipation in aggression by stopping the well as international conflicts; to the Committee on Foreign shipment to aggressor nations all goods that can be used Affairs. by their military forces, and that immediate steps be taken 785. Also, petition of Joseph F. O'Leary and 21 other resi to stop shipment to Japan, and that measures be taken to dents of Jersey City, N.J., urging the Congress of the United aid China in its desperate resistance against the invaders; States to adhere to the general policy of neutrality as to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our 798. Also, petition of Mullan Miners Union, Local No. 9, statute books the further and corollary principle enunciated Mullan, Idaho, protesting against the present system of hos in the act of May 1, 1937, extending the original act to in pital operation in the United States and favoring the estab clude civil as well as international conflicts; to the Com lishment of Government-owned and controlled hospital fa mittee on Foreign Affairs. cilities for civilian use; to the Committee on Public Build 786. Also, petition of Rev. A. L. Adzima and 66 other resi ings and Grounds. dents of Bayonne, N. J., urging the Congress of the United 799. By Mr. VORYS of Ohio: Petition of Benson W. States to adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enun Hough Post, No. 3424, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the ciated in the act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our statute United States, approving and commending most heartily books the further and corollary principle enunciated in the the past action of the Dies committee, investigating un act of May 1, 1937, extending the original act to include ciVil American activities, and requesting the Seventy-sixth Con as well as international co filets; to the Committee on For gress to support the above-named committee 100 percent, eign Affairs. thereby appropriating the necessary funds to carry on this 787. Also, petition of Rev. Michael Mercolino, pastor of most important and urgent work; to the Committee on For Our Lady of Assumption Roman Catholic Church, Bayonne, eign Affairs. N. J., and 21 parishioners, protesting against any move to 800. Also, petition of Rev. N. R. Athey and 46 others, urg 'ft the so-called Spanish embargo; to the Committee on ing the Government of the United States to put into effect Foreign Affairs. a policy of nonparticipation in aggression, by stopping the 788. Also, petition of Christine F. Keller and 20 other shipment to aggressor nations of all goods that can be used teachers of St. Nicholas School, Jersey City, N. J., opposing by their military forces, and that immediate steps be taken any move to lift the so-called Embargo Act; to the Com to stop their shipment to Japan; to the Committee on For mittee on Foreign Affairs. eign Affairs. 789. Also, petition of Miss C. P. Regan and 142 other resi dents of Bayonne and Jersey City, N.J., urging the Congress 801. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Council of the City of of the United States to adhere to the general policy of Binghamton, N.Y., petitioning consideration of their resolu neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935, to tion with reference to an airport; to the Committee on retain on our statute books the further and corollary prin Interstate and Foreign Commerce. ciple enunciated in the act of May 1, 193'7, extending the 802. Also, petition of the United Church Brotherhood of original act to include civil as well as international conflicts; Long Beach, Calif., petitioning consideration of their resolu to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. tion with reference to the Chinese and Japanese conflict; 790. Also, petition of Catherine L. Sheehan and 70 other to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. residents of New Jersey, urging the Congress of the Umted 803. Also, petition of Emilia Principa Roig, Juncos, P. R., States to adhere to the general policy of neutrality as petitioning consideration of their resolution with reference enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our to neutrality; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. statute books the further and corollary· principle enunciated 804. Also, petition of certain citizens of the State of Cali in the act of May 1, 1937, extending the original act to fornia, urging consideration of their petitions with refer include civil as well as international conflicts; to the Com ence to the General Welfare Act Legislature of the State of Montana, requesting legislation prohibiting CALL OF THE ROLL the importation of foreign-manufactured flags of the United The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the unanimous States and other national insignia; to the Committee on consent agreement entered into yesterday, the calendar will Interstate and Foreign Commerce. be called for the consideration of unobjected-to bills. 796. By Mr. WHITE of Idaho: Petition of certain citizens Mr. BARKLEY. I suggest the absence of a quorum. of Mulfan, Wallace, Gem, and Osburn, Idaho, urging the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. · The clerk will call the passage of the General Welfare Act to relieve the su1fering roll. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1053 The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Senators States: And provided further, That awards and appraisals author ized to be paid by this act shall be included in the final settlement answered to their names: between the Governments of the United States of America and the Adams Downey Lewis Schwartz United Mexican States under the said convention of September s.- Andrews Ellender Lodge Schwellenbach 1923; and the payment of any award or appraisal under this act Ashurst Frazier Logan Sheppard shall not be construed as the satisfaction, in whole .or in part, Austin George Lucas Shipstead of any such award or appraisal, or as extinguishing or diminishing Bailey Gerry Lundeen Smathers the liability of the United Mexican States for the satisfaction in Bankhead Gillette Mccarran Smith full of such awards and appraisals, but shall be considered only Barbour Glass McKellar Taft Barkley Green McNary Thomas, Okla. as an advance by the United States until all of said awards and· Bilbo Guffey Mead Thomas, Utah appraisals have been paid off and satisfied in full to the United Bone Gurney Miller Tobey States by the United Mexican States. Bridges Hale Minton Townsend Brown Harrison Murray . Truman Mr. McNARY. Mr. President-- Buiow Hatch Neely Tydings Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, this bill was thoroughly Burke Hayden Norris Vandenberg Byrd Herring Nye VanNuys debated at the last session of the Congress. It was favor Byrnes Hill O'Mahoney Wagner ably reported by the Foreign Relations Committee, after care Capper Holman Overton Walsh ful investigation. It provides for the payment of claims that Caraway Hughes Pepper Wheeler Clark, Mo. Johnson, Calif. Pittman White were favorably passed on by joint claims commissions repre Connally Johnson, Colo. Radcliffe Wiley senting the United States and Mexico, no one of which has Danaher King Reed Davis La Follette Reynolds ever been paid. Donahey Lee Russell The bill provides that these awards are to be paid' by the Mr. MINTON. I announce that the Senator from New Government of the United States as was contemplated by the Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. CLARK], original treaty of 1923, the United States having the right the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. HoLT], the · Senator under said treaty to reimburse itself from Mexico. from Connecticut [Mr. MALONEY], and the Senator from Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, I recall very vividly the dis Tennessee [Mr. STEWART] are unavoidably detained from the cussion which took place last year, and particularly the state Senate. ment made by the Senator from Nevada [Mr. PITTMAN], who Mr. McNARY. I announce that the Senator from Idaho now occupies the chair. May I ask the Senator from Texas [Mr. BoRAH] is absent because of illness. if there have been any changes made in the bill? Mr. AUSTIN. I announce that my colleague the junior Mr. SHEPPARD. There have been no changes so far as Senator from Vermont [Mr. GIBSON] is necessarily detained I recall. from the Senate. Mr. McNARY. I thought an amendment was offered which The PRESIDENT pro-tempore. Eighty-nine Senators hav proposed some changes? ing answered to their names, there is a quorum present. Mr. SHEPPARD. The Senator is correct. There is one CONSIDERATION OF UNOBJECTED-TO BILLS amendment which ought to be adopted, an amendment sug gested by the Secretary of State. It provides that the Treas Mr. LEE. Mr. President, I should like to introduce a bill ury Department, instead of the Sta.te Department, shall for appropriate reference. ascertain and verify the amount of the awards before they The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Because of the unanimous shall be paid. I ask that the amendment be stated and consent agreement, it is not in order to introduce bills or adopted. transact other business until the call of the calendar has The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment offered been completed. The clerk will state the first bill on the by the Senator from Texas will be stated. calendar. The CHIEF CLERK. On page 2, line 12, after the word CLAIMS OF AMERICAN CITIZENS AGAINST MEXICO "appraisals", it is proposed to strike out the word "and" and The bill (S. 326) for the paymeQt of awards and appraisals insert a comma and the words "whereupon the Secretary of heretofore made in favor of citizens of the United States on the Treasury shall determine", so as to read: claims presented under the General Claims Convention of Provided, That the Secretary of State shall certify to the Secre September 8, 1923, United States and· Mexico, was announced tary of the Treasury all such awards and appraisals, whereupon the as first in order, and the Senate proceeded to its consider Secretary of the Treasury shall determine the amounts to be paid on each in conformity with this act, and shall designate the person ation. or persons entitled to receive such payments. The bill was read, as follows: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agree Be it enacted, etc., Tliat the principal amounts of all awards · in favor of citizens of the United States against the United Mexican ing to the amendment offered by the Senator from Texas. States heretofore made by the Commissions established by the Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, I will have to ask that this General Claims Convention of September 8, 1923, United States bill go over. It seems to me it is too important and, in my and Mexico, and extensions thereof, on claims presented t:nder said convention, plus interest stipulated in any such award and judgment, too controversial, to be acted on while the unani accruing up to the date of such award, and the principal amounts mous-consent calendar is being called. The matter involved of all appraisals of such claims in favor of citizens of the United was discussed at the last session and a similar bill was then States heretofore made by the ·Commissioners appointed by the passed after considerable debate. My judgment is that it is United States and Mexico for said purpose pursuant to the protocol of April 24, 1934, and agreed upon · in their report, plus interest a bill that ought not to be passed; I think the principle in stipulated in any such appraisal and accruing up to the date of volved is bad; at least I think the measure ought to be dis said report, shall be paid immediately by the Government of the cussed at a time when it can be gone into a little more fully United States to the person or persons entitled to the same, and than it can be considered this morning. that, appropriations for such payment of all such awards and agreed appraisals, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise The PRESIDENT pro tempor~ Does the Senator object appropriated, be, and hereby are, authorized: Provided, That the to having the amendment pending? Secretary of State shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury Mr. ADAMS. No, sir; I merely object to the passage of all such awards and appraisals and the amounts to be paid on each in conformity with this act, and shall designate the person the bill. or persons entitled to receive such payments: Provided further, Mr. SHEPPARD. Will the Senator permit the adoption· That, when the person or persons entitled to receive any such of the perfecting amendment which I have offered? payments have received same on any such award or appraisal, Mr. ADAMS. I have no objection to that. such person or persons will be deemed to have consented to all of the provisions of this act, and all of the rights and interests The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the of such person or persons in and to such award or appraisal, and amendment offered by the Senator from Texas is agreed to. the respective claim to which it pertains, will be deemed to have and, without objection, the bill goes over. been fully satisfied and paid, and said award or appraisal, and the claim to wh(ch same pertains, and all of the rights and PYRAMID LAKE INDIAN RESERVATION, NEV. interests of such person or persons in respect thereto, shall be held to have. been assigned to the United States to be enforced The bill. orted from the States was ·considered, ordered to be engroseed for a third Committee on Claims with an amendment, at the end of the reading, read the third time, and passed, as follows: bill to insert a proviso, so as to make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the is hereby, authorized and directed to pay to John Mulhern, out of Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to Lester P. Barlow the sum any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum o~ 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 1055 $202, as full compensation for a gasoline tank, gasoline pump; and the Lawton, Okla., fire, 1917, which had been reported from 105 gallons of gasoline, destroyed on March 11, 1934, by fire caused . by pupils of the Truxton Canon Indian School, Valentine, Ariz.: the Committee on Claims with an amendment, at the end of Provided, That no part of the amount appropriated in this act in the bill to insert a proviso, so as to make the bill read: excess of 10 percent thereof shall be paid or delivered to or received Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he by any agent or attorney on account of services rendered in connec is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the tion with _this claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any contract Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $1,502 to E. C. to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violating the provi Beaver as compensation in full for loss of property destroyed by sions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon the fire on_ September 24, 1917, in the city of Lawton, Okla., such conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not exceeding $1,000. loss having been the result of the inability of the fire department The amendment was agreed to. of the city of Lawton to control said fire because of lack of water, all available water for fire-fighting purposes having b~en appro The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, priated and being used by the War Department in connection with read the third time, and passed. the training of soldiers at Fort Sill and Camp Doniphan: Provided, That no part of the amount appropriated in this act in excess of MANUEL D. A. OTERq, ADMINISTRATOR 10 percent thereof shall be paid or delivered to or received by any The bill (S. 218) for the relief of Manuel D. A. Otero, as agent or attorney on account of services rendered in connection administrator of the estate of Teresita S. Otero, deceased, with this claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any contract to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violating the provisions was considered, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con read the third time, and passed, as follows: viction thereof shall be fined in any sum not exceeding $1,000. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay to Manuel D. A. Otero, Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will the Senator from as administrator of the estate of Teresita S. Otero, deceased, out Oklahoma explain the bill? of any money in the Treasury allocated by the President for the Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. President, I think this is maintenance and operation of the Civilian Conservation Corps, the sum of $255.44. Such sum shall be in full settlement of all claims the last of a series of similar claims bills that have been be against the United States on account of the death of the said fore the Senate. Heretofore all the others have been passed, Teresita S. Otero, resulting from personal injuries received on the and this one, I think, is the last. 16th day of January 1935, on United States Highway No. 60, be tween Willard and Mountainair, N. Mex., while riding in an auto This damage occurred in 1917, at a time when Camp Don mobile which collided with an improperly parked Government ovan was located at Fort Sill. The city of Lawton gave the truck, attached to Civilian Conservation Corps Camp F-35-N, lo War Department the full benefit of its water system, and cated about 3 miles southwest from Manzano, in Torrance County, during the time when the Fort Sill authorities had control - N. Mex.: Provided, That no part of the amount appropriated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof shall be paid or delivered to or of the water system a fire broke out in the city of Lawton. received by any agent or attorney on account of services rendered The water was supposed to be diverted to the city in times of in connection with this claim, and the same shall be unlawful, fire, but the War Department neglected to keep someone at any contract to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violat ing the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde a certain valve to turn the water to the city, so, because meanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not of the fact that no water could be had to put out the fire, exceeding $1,000. this damage occurred. EMMA GOMEZ I think the Congress has passed probably 15 or 20 similar · The bill United States Senate, beginning on the day I was objection and let me make a very brief statement? sworn in, Janual'y 16, 1'939. I make no claim to pay previous to that time. Mr. GILLETTE. Certainly. Thanking you very much, I am, Mr. WHITE. It seems to me, in view of the statement Sincerely yours, made by the Senator from Michig.an [Mr. VANDENBERG], and TOM STEWART. in view of the facts involved, that it is not quite fair to have MOTOR CARRIER TRANSPORTATION one of these resolutions agreed to without agreement on the The Senate proceeded to consider the bill EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES together with a statement sho·Wing the names, titles, and com Mr. HUGHES, from the Committee on the Judiciary, re pensation of the members and employees of the Federal Power ported favorably the nomination of J. Leslie Ford, of Dela Commission, whi·ch, with the accompanying papers, was ware (now serving under a recess appointment), to be United referred to the Committee on. Commerce. · States marshal for the district of Delaware. ALIENS UNDER NATIONAL POWER POLICY COMMITTEE Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee on Post Offices and The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a let Post Roads, reported favorably the nominations of sundry ter from the Executive Assistant to the Federal Emergency postmasters. Administrator of Public Works, responding to Senate Resolu The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The reports will be placed tion 285, agreed to June 8, 1938, stating "that the salaries of on the Executive Calendar. the employees of the National Power Policy Committee are If there be no further reports of committees, the clerk will paid from P. W. A. administrative funds and therefore were proceed to state the nominations on the calendar. covered by the report contained in Administrator Ickes' letter THE JUDICIARY of January 14 to the President of the Senate, adVising that The legislative clerk read the nomination of Floyd H. no aliens were employed by the Federal Emergency Adminis Roberts to be United States district judge for the western tration of Public Works," which was referred to the Commit district of Virginia. tee on Education and Labor. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. This nomination has been PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS adversely reported. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the nomination be passed over. following concurrent resolution of the Legislature of the State The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Ken of North Dakota, which was referred to the Committee on tucky asks that the nomination of Mr. Roberts be passed AgricUlture and Forestry: · over. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so · ordered. Senate Concurrent Resolution 24 Concurrent resolution urging the establishment of a division of UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION COMMISSION cooperatives in the Department of Agriculture The legislative clerk read the nomination of Jewell W. Be it resolved by the Senate of the State of North Dakota (the . house of representatives concurring): Swofford to be a member of the United States Employees' Whereas the establishment and maintenance of cooperative or Compensation Commission. ganizations is of vital importance to the Nation and affords a com The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the mendable solution of the serious. problems involving the farmers, nomination is confirmed. workers, and consumers; and Whereas there is no Government agency dedicated to the prin POSTMASTERS ciples of cooperation and pledged to the upbuilding of the coopera The legislative clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations tive movement, the present status being as follows: In the Department of Agriculture the former Division of Coop of postmasters. erative Marketing has been shifted, first, to the Federal Farm Board, Mr. McKELLAR. I ask that the nominations of post and thence to the Farm Credit Administration, performing certain -masters be confirmed en bloc. services for farmers' producing and marketing cooperatives; the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the Consumers' Counsel Division of the Agricultural Adjustment Ad ministration rendering a~sistance to consumers' cooperatives by nominations of postmasters are confirmed en bloc. supplying them with information and reporting progress in The That concludes the Executive Calendar. Consumers' Guide; and In the Department of Labor the Bureau of Labor Statistics con LEGISLATIVE SESSION ducts surveys of consumers' cooperatives and issues publications on Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I understand that anum the subject; and ber of Senators wish to introduce bills and present other Whereas it is highly desirable to coordinate the work in coopera tive buying and selling done in the several Government agencies and routine business. I therefore move that the Senate resume to strengthen it in such a way that it will provide the maximum the consideration of legislative business. of service to farmers, workers, and consumers: Now, therefore, be it . The motion was agreed to; and the Senate resumed the Resolved by the Senate of the State of North Dakota (the house consideration of legislative business. · of representatives concurring), That we petition and urge the Congress of the United States to enact legislation and make the DELEGATION OF QUASI...JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS BY SECRETARY OF necessary appropriations to create and establish a division of coop AGRICULTURE eratives in the Department of Agriculture, having for its purpose the assembling, compiling, and maintaining of files of statistical The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a data relating to the accomplishments of cooperative enterprises, the letter from the Secretary of Agriculture explaining the need statutes of Congress, of the several States and foreign countries for the enactment of legislation authorizing the Secretary affecting cooperatives, together with the coordinating of all duties of Agriculture, on occasion, to delegate to employees of the and responsibilities toward cooperatives now reposed in the various agencies of Government, all to -be used for the benefit and use of Department of Agriculture the function of issuing or pro established cooperatives and new projects in process of organiza mulgating certain orders which may have the force and tion, and further providing for the appointment of a director, whose effect of law and which may be issued or promulgated only duty it shall be to render all personal and other assistance possible to such cooperatives; to make appropriations therefor; and be it after notice and hearing, or opportunity for hearing, have further been given to persons affected by or interested in such orders, Resolved, That the secretary of state is instructed and directed to which with the accompanying list of statutory proVisions transmit copies of this resolution to the President of the United requiring or authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to States, the Secretary of Agriculture, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to each of the Members exercise quasi-judicial functions, was referred to the Com of Congress of this State. mittee on the Judiciary. . TRANSFER OF UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE RECORDS, ETC., The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laid before the Senate TO STATES the following resolution of the Senate of the State of Wis The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a let consin, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate ter from the Secretary of Labor, transmitting a draft of Commerce: proposed legislation to provide for the transfer of United A resolution requesting the President of the United States to with draw the nomination of Thomas R. Amlie to a position on the States Employment SerVice records, files, and property in Interstate Commerce Commission local offices to the States, which, with the accompanying Whereas Thomas R. Amlie has spent his life as a communistic paper, was referred to the Committee on Educa.tion and Labor. agitator against everything in the American Government, its Con REPORT OF FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION stitution, and its laws; and Whereas Thomas R. Amlie is one of that small coterie of con The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a let gressional Representatives who joined in a message of sympathy ter from the Acting Chairman of the Federal Power Commis to the "red" government of Spain and its murder of thousands of sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, copy of the Eighteenth priests, bishops, nuns, and members of religious orders; and Whereas the prejudiced attitude of this man to everything held Annual Report of the Commission for the fiscal year ended sacred in the minds of American citizens unfits him for member June 30, 1938. with additional activities to December 1938, ship in any quasi-judicial body: Therefore be it 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1061 Resolved, That we appeal to the President of the United States to Whereas many worth-while building projects are now on file withdraw the nomination of Thomas R. Amlie to a position on the with the regional P. W. A. office, together with estimates, have Interstate Commerce Commission; and be it further been approved, elections held, and the bond issues carried, but Resolved, That if this name is not withdrawn, we appeal to the all Federal funds have been allocated; and Members of the United States Senate to withhold confirmation of Whereas these projects are being held up or must be completely this appointment. · abandoned unless a supplemental Public Works Administration appropriation is made: Now, therefore, be it The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laid -before the Senate Resolved by the House of Representatives of the State of Ar petitions of several citizens of Los Angeles, Calif., praying for kansas (senate concurring), That the Congress of the United the allotment of sufficient funds to continue the investigation States be requested to make a supplemental Public Works Admin istration appropriation to cover the Arkansas projects now on file of the subcommittee of the Committee on Education and in which bond elections were held at the November 8, 1938, general Labor pertaining to the violation of civil liberties, etc., which · election and the projects and bond issues approved. were referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Mrs. CARAWAY also presented the following concurrent Contingent Expenses of the Senate. resolution of the Legislature of the State of Arkansas, which He also laid before the Senate a letter in the nature of a wa:s referred to the Committee on Military Affairs: memorial from Local Union, No. 1571, United Mine Workers of America, of Tamaqua, Pa., remonstrating against any Senate Concurrent Resolution 13 Whereas the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, as change in the National Labor Relations Act, which was re well as other veteran and patriotic organizations, has been advo ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor. cating an adequate national-defense program for several years; He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by · and Whereas mandatory military training of boys in C. C. C. camps J. L. Parish Division, No. 56, Brotherhood of Locomotive wlll serve to strengthen our defensive system, and will furnish the Engineers, in the State of Missouri, protesting against the boys valuable training that will be worth a great deal in future enactment of legislation to regulate the mileage of train civil life: Be it therefore service employees, which was referred to the Committee on Resolved by the Senate of the Fifty-second General Assembly of the State of Arkansas assembled in regular session (and concurred Interstate Commerce. therein by the house of representatives), That the Arkansas dele He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by the gation in our National Congress be memorialized to work for the council of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, favoring the enact enactment of legislation requiring military discipline and such training as map reading, bridge building, and radio cc;>mmunica ment of legislation providing for the observance of National tion for all boys in the C. C. C. camps a.s a. means to strengthen Inventors' Day and National Advancement Week, which was our defensive system and to provide worth-while training that can referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. be used by the boys in future civil life; and be it further Mr. WALSH presented a resolution adopted by the Holyoke Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be mailed at once to Taxpayers' Association, of Holyoke, Mass., favoring the bal the Senators and the Congressmen from the State of Arkansas. ancing of the Budget, and that this end be accomplished by Mr. GURNEY presented the following concurrent resolu -retrenchment rather than by further taxation, which was tions of the Legislature of the State of South Dakota, which referred to the Committee on Appropriations. were referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry: Mr. GUFFEY presented petitions, numerously signed, of House Concurrent Resolution 4 sundry citizens of Bethlehem, Pa., praying that the United Concurrent resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States of America to enact such legislation to the end that our States adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enunci farmers may become secure and self-sustaining in the possession ated by existing law, and also extend the law so as to include of their homes and property · . civil as well as international confliets, which were referred Whereas the present system of refinancing of farm mortgages on to the Committee on Foreign Relations. the part of the Federal Government has not been adequate to Mr. save the homes of our distressed farmers; and REED presented a petition of 69 citizens of Atchison, Whereas legislation which has been before the Congress for Kans., praying for the enactment of the so-called Patman several years such as the Frazier-Lemke refinancing bill, we be bill, imposing taxes upon chain stores, which was referred lieve would adequately solve this problem: Therefore be it to the Committee on Finance. Resolved by the House of Representatives of the State of South Dakota (the senate concurring), That we do hereby me · He also presented a petition of 191 citizens of Stafford, morialize the Congress of the United States to enact the Frazier Kans., praying that the United States stop the shipment of Lemke refinancing bill to the end that our farmers may become arms and munitions to Japan, which was referred to the secure and self-sustaining in the possession of their homes and Committee on Foreign Relations. property. Be it further Resolved, That copies of this resolution be sent to our Senators Mr. CAPPER presented a petition of sundry ·citizens of and Representatives in Congress, to the President of the United Buffalo, Kans., praying for the enactment of general welfare States, and to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of legislation providing old-age assistance, which was referred the House of Representatives in the Congress of the United States. to the Committee on Finance. He also presented a resolution adopted by the Woman's Senate Concurrent Resolution 4 Christian Temperance Union, of Sterling, Kans., favoring Be it resolved by the Senate of the State of South Dakota (the house of representatives concurring) : the enactment of legislation to prohibit the advertising of Whereas the Legislature of the State of South Dakota recognizes alcoholic beverages by press and radio, which was referred to that our agricultural problem is our greatest problem, believing the Committee on Interstate Commerce. that only as farmers prosper can industry and labor prosper, and He also · presented a resolution adopted by the Young pledges its support to a national program of farm legislation which will produce parity price and income or cost of production People's Religious Union of the Unitarian Church, of West for that part of our farm production required for domestic con wood, Mass., favoring the enactment of legislation to prevent sumption, and . and punish the crime of lynching, which was referred to the Whereas we recognize that the American farmer is entitled to the American market for his products to the full extent of his Committee on the Judiciary. ability to supply that market on a cost-of-production basis, and Mrs. CARAWAY presented the followingconcurrentresolu Whereas bill S. 570 of the Seventy-sixth Congress has been in tion of the Legislature of the State of Arkansas, which wa.Q. troduced in the Senate, which we believe, if enacted and properly referred to the Committee on Appropriations: .administered, would fulfill these requirements: Therefore be it Resolved by the State Legislature of the State of South Dakota House Concurrent Resolution 8 now assembled, That we memorialize Congress of the United . Whereas the Congress of the United States made an appropria States to enact S. 570, entitled "A bill to regulate interstate and tion for the Public Works Administration for the year 1938 to be foreign commerce in agricultural products; to provide for the used in the various States of this Union for worthy projects and orderly marketing of such products; to promote the general wel included in that appropriation measure a provision that all bond fare by assuring an abundant and permanent supply of such elections must be held by or before October 1, 1938, and that the products by securing to the producers a minimum price of not less project must be under construction by January 1, 1939; and than cost of production, and "for other purposes," which bill we Whereas amendment No. 17 to the Constitution of the St-ate of believe if enacted and properly administered will insure for the Arkansas, under which the electors of the various counties of the farmer parity or cost of production for that part of our farm crops State of Arkansas are governed in the matter of the issuance of that are consumed within the United States. bonds to pay the counties part of many of said projects, and That national legislation be enacted to prevent gamblers and section 3 of said amendment made it impossible to hold their speculators from determining the price of the necessities of life. bond elections prior to the general election held on November 8, That we favor the development of industrial uses for farm 1938; and products as a means of enlarging the Americ_an farm market. 1062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2
Whereas it has been -definitely determin~d th~t the hog pro_cess and falls to produce his quota of allotted home-consumption wheat ing tax collected by the Department of Agriculture was actually in following years he shall be permitted to sell on the home mar paid by the farmers themselves, and kets from such surplus enough to fill his quota for that year. Whereas the Supreme Court of the United States, invalidating SEc. 5. The producer shall have the privilege of accepting or said Agricultural Adjustment Act, declaring said tax to be illegal rejecting this cost-of-production plan and shall also have the priv and unconstitutional: Be it ilege of sowing as much or as many kinds of grain as he chooses, R_esolved, That we memorialize Congress to refund all such tax and this without restrictions except his allotment requirements to the farmer; be it further _ where he accepts the cost-of-production plan. In no case shall Resolved, That copies of these resolutions be sent to our Sen the allotted acres assigned to one man or one company's interest ators and Representatives in Congress, to the President of the exceed 1,500 allotted acres of wheat. United States and to the President of the Senate and the Speaker SEc. 6. Congress shall appropriate $200,000,000 as a fund to take of the House of Representatives in the Congress of the United place of the insurance in such areas as are now affected by drought States. or other causes of crop failure at the present time, said advance payment to be taken out of the producer's allotted bushels sold Mr. NYE pres_ented the following concurrent resolution of when he again harvests a normal crop. When the Government -the Legislature-·of · the State of North Dakota, which was advances the premium for a farmer, as above stipulated, it shall place such farmer in. good standing in respect to this -wheat insur referred to the-Committee on Agriculture and Forestry: ance with the same privileges and protection as other producers Senate Concurrent Resolution 21 . who advanced their own premium. Resolution requesting Congress to include "cost of production" in SEc. 7. This insurance-adjustment plan shall be operated on as the Soil Conservation Act, together with its insurance features economical, self-supporting, and nonprofiting a plan as possible when established. Be it resolved by the senate (the house of representatives con curring): SUGGESTED A~MENTS SECTION 1. From and after July 1, 1939, the price paid for spring 1. Wheat to be seeded in what ts considered seasonable time wheat, durum and winter wheat shall be such a price as will in and in good workmanlike manner. clude "cost of production," or $1.75 per bushel for No. 1 hard 2. The Government to have the power to ~aise the allotted spring wheat, $1.50 for No. 1 durum and wint er wheat, and other wheat quota for each year if domestic needs require it. grades in proportion of· such sufficient unsettled price as the Secre 3. Any person or persons imitating or counterfeiting for per tary of Agriculture shall· deem higher to the producer than the sonal profit or gain said stamps made by the Government shall speculative and world markets at the country elevator on that b'e prosecuted to· the fullest extent of the law. portion of such crops as are consumed witllin the United States. 4. It is the intent and purpose of this act to furnish insurance Each producer shall be entitled to and receive such cost-of-produc to those entering the plan regardless of whether individuals have tion price only on that-part of his said crops as shall represent his · contributed to the insurance fund or not, it being expressly under average share of the "home consumption market" covering his pro- stood that the liability of participants shall have been discharged . duction of the previous normal 5-year period, or on 54 percent of when and if they market wheat and thereby contribute to the his allotted acres, as indicated by the A. A. A. records for the base insurance fund. years 1928 to 1932. And in case of deflation of present money value 5. To guard against any unforeseen difficulties in marketing the or war prices said cost-of-production prices shall advance propor- · wheat, the Government should establish an available revolving . tionately. · fund sufficient to take care of purchases of any peak marketing SE<;:. ,2. The Secretary _of Agriculture· shall compile data on varioti,s and storing of wheat by the producer in the country elevator. crops herein mentioned, from all sections of the country where Said revolving fund to be maintained from year to year without ·such crops are produced, and from such data shall determine the depletion, this fund to take care of all handling charges plus average cost of production on average lands under average condi- freight. . tions throughout the United States. From this compiled data on Be it further provided, That the secretary of state is hereby various crops the Secretary of Agriculture shall further determine instructed to forward copies of this resolution to chairmen of the number of bushels to be sold at said cost-of-production price ·committees on agriculture in legislative bodies of the States of for each State and county, and in tum shall issue books of "wheat South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Idaho, stamps" representing each- bushel of said cost-of-production wheat, Colorado, Wyoming, and Washington, and to our Congressmen and each State, and in turn each county, to receive "wheat stamps" in Senators from North Dakota and to the President of the United prop(:>rtion to the allotted cost-of-production wheat for that area. States. The county A. A. A. committee shall determine from the data sent them by the Secretary of Agriculture and from its own county Mr. NYE also presented the following concurrent resolution A. A. A. records the n~mber of allotted bushels for each producer. of the Legislature of the State of North Dakota, which was They shall also notify each producer of the amount of cost-of-pro- referred to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads: . duction wheat allotted him and at the same time deliver to the . producer "wheat stamps" of an amount equal to his allotted House Concurrent Resolution 80 bushels. Be it resolved by the House of Representatives of the State of . When the producer. sells his _grain he shall deliver to the elevator North Dakota (the senate concurring therein): man as many "wheat stamps" as bushels sold. The elevator man Whereas this year, 1939, is the fiftieth anniversary of statehood in turn shall send the ·mmer or other buyer of this wheat, "wheat of the State of North Dakota; and stamps" in the same amount as he has received representing this Whereas 'it is customary for the various States in the United cost-of-production wheat. States of America to observe this period of statehood by issuing a · No miller shall be permitted to manufacture flour for home con stamp commemorating a fiftieth anniversary of statehood; and sumption from any wheat other than that which is covered or rep Whereas the Pioneer Daughters Chapter of the North Dakota resented by "wheat stamps." . Flour manufactured from wheat not Federation of Women's Clubs brings to our attention this ob earmarked by "wheat stamps" must be sold in foreign markets. servance; and Any miller -violating these stipulations forfeits his bond. Whereas that this request may be placed in permanent historical SEc. 3. The producer shall sell all his allotted grain at the said record in the archives of history as a part of the official record of cost-of-production price and from this the country elevator man this legislative body: . Be it hereby shall retain 25 cents from every bushel of grain sold, or such suffi Resolved by the House of Representatives (and the senate con cient rate as will cover all losses, as the premium for the insurance curring) of this Twenty-sixth Legi::lative Assembly of the State of adjustment plan. These premiums shall be sent to the Secretary North Dakota, That approval of this above consideration be re of Agriculture and in case of loss of crops by drought, hail, rust, corded; and be it further · trost, wind, blight,- flood, or insects said losses shall be paid from Resolved, That we hereby petition the Postmaster General at this fund. (Said insurance shall not be payable on unfit seed or Washington, D. C., to bring his infiuen~e to bear in uniting with us seeding, nor on submarginal-land crops.) Appraisals on losses shall to bring about the issuance of a stamp commemorating this state be made by the county A. A. A. committee, and no losses shall be hood event. considered which are less than 50 percent of the county average LABELING OF WOOL PRODUCTS · production per acre. If losses occur the producer shall return to the county A. A. A. committee "wheat stamps" for his insurance Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I present and ask unanimous payments per acre according to the following rates: 50 percent consent to have printed in the RECORD, treated as a memorial, loss, 50 percent of "wheat stamps," insurance $4; 65 percent loss, and referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce a 75 percent of "wheat stamps," insurance $6; and 80 percent or over, 100 percent of "wheat stamps," insurance $8. In case of farmers letter from Francis Willey & Co., top makers, of Boston, producing less than 100 acres they shall be entitled to $2 per acre Mass. additional insurance in case of total loss only. There being no objection, the letter was referred to the SEc. 4. The owner and renter shall each receive their share of Committee on Interstate Commerce and ordered to be printed the cost-of-production prices on insurance as agreed to between themselves. In event any producer in any one year shall produce in the RECORD, as follows: more than his share of the home consumption market as repre FRANciS WILLEY & Co., sented by cost-of-production wheat allotted him, such overpro (DIVISION OF WINSLOW BROS. & SMITH Co.), duction shall be termed as exportable surplus and may be by the Boston, Mass., January 18, 1939. producer sold on the world market, stored, fed, or disposed of in Hon. DAVID I. WALSH, any manner as he sees fit, except that none of such surplus shall Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. be sold on any market in the United States for domestic-consump Sm: We would like to protest vigorously some features of a bill tion purposes. If a producer stores all or part of his surplus wheat known as S. 162, which we understand was introduced by Senator 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1063 SCHWARTZ on January 4, 1939, and has been referred now to the because of this bill, because of the fact that the higher manufac Committee on Interstate Commerce. We believe that a similar bill turing costs which the bill will impose will simply mean that in has been introduced in the House known as H. R. 944. This bill order to sell his wool and compete with foreign competition he has to do With the labeling of wool products. will take less for his wool. We are wool top makers, which means that we buy raw wool in In this letter we are touching upon only a. very narrow part of the West or from the wool dealers, most of whom are located in the effects of this bill itself, but they are the parts that particu Boston-sort the wool, scour it, card it, and comb it, and sell the larly affect our business. We are against a bill which definitely product known as tops to the worsted spinners. Our business, misnames in itself an important product in the manufacture of according to our interpretation, has been since 1898, or thereabouts, worsteds the selling of wool tops, which we_have always considered we made -The great majority of New England woolen and worsted manu of 100 percent virgin wool. facturers, who are our customers, are opposed to the bill on very Under this new bill, however, the product which we have always much broader lines, as It presents many serious difficulties to them. made would not be considered virgin wool, and in selling our prod We would like to go on record only on the subjects mentioned uct we would have to describe as part virgin wool and part reclaimed above which will have a direct effect upon us, and upon the in wool. In other words, we would have to declare our product as an dustry as a whole all the way back to the grower of wool. inferior article because of the description given in this bill -as to Senator ScHWARTZ, we understand, has stated that he does not what is recla,imeC: wool, when as a matter of. fact this is not in any consider hearings on this bill necessary in view of the fact that way the case. similar bills have been considerably discussed in Washington be On page 2, article D, reclaimed wool is defined as including wool fore. Such b1lls, however, did not include as reclaimed, reworked waste, and article F describes such wool waste. In article F the wool waste any of the items we have mentioned. following items are described as waste, when in point of fact they Respectfully yours, are virgin wool and cannot be considered as anything else. FRANCIS WILLEY & Co., Item No. 1, card waste: This is simply the wool that is left in the By W. R. BULLARD. worsted card and which drops out of the card while the wool is going through this machine. It is the very same wool as the origi REPORTS OF CO~ITTEES nal wool from which it came. The common practice in our industry Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma, from the Committee on Agri is to dust this wool, thereby removing the dirt from it as it accu mulates and put the clean product right back with the wool from culture and Forestry, to which was referred the bill (S. 660) which it came. - - to amend the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as Item No. 2, oily waste: If any of the virgin wool going through amended. to provide for the reapportionment of cotton acre any of the machinery becomes stained in any way With oil, under age allotments not planted by farmers entitled thereto, this act it is considered as waste. As a matter of fact, the common practice is to take such wool and put it back with the wool from reported it without amendment. which it came in the scouring bowls. Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee on Claims, to which Item No. 3, card stripping: Everything we have said applying to were referred the following bills, reported them each with an card waste applies to card strips, too. This is simply the virgin wool amendment and submitted reports thereon: - that is left in the cards. When a given lot is finished running the common practice is to remove the dirt from the card strips and use S. 279. A bill for the relief of Pherne Miller Chile, Wednesday, All camps have libraries. August 3, 19.38, page 1374. Planned athletic and recreational programs are part of all camp RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN SENATOR, THE HONORABLE MR. GREEN schedules. Mr. PoRTALES (President). You allow me, Mr. Senator? To build his self-respect, his mind, and his body, so that he will Mr. GREEN has expressed a desire to have the fioor to thank the be bet ter equipped to seize opportunities and to make his way in senate for its greeting. the world. Your Honor shall have the fioor. All this is possible because his Government, striving to make him I request the consent of the chamber to give the fioor to the self-reliant and independent, offers him employment with remu honorable Senator. neration for the work he accomplishes in the conservation of the Agreed. Nation's natural resources. The Honorable Mr. GREEN has the fioor. Eagerly grasping the opportunity thus offered, the C. C. C. en The following appears in the Journal in both Spanish and rollee has built forest-fire protection systems and planted vast for English. The following is the English version: ests for the future. He has built roads and trails, dams and terraces. "The Honorable THEODORE GREEN. I feel sure that if my col He has made or developed parks that give recreation to millions. leagues in the Senate of the United States of America had known He has helped check erosion and demonstrated proper land that I would be granted this exceptional privilege of arising here uses. He has created lakes and ponds, stocked them with fish, in the Senate of the Republic of Chile to address you, they would and planted refuges for the fast-diminishing wildlife of the have authorized me to bring from the Senators of the United country. States of America their most cordial greetings to you, the senators He has made the Nation conscious of the need for conservation of Chile. and proved the benefits to be derived from it. "There is a constantly increasing current of good will and He himself has learned the true meaning of conservation-"to friendship toward the peoples of South America. It is not only take care of"-for the enrollee sends home a part of his earnings the feeling of the Senators of the Congress in general or of the each month, often in this way affordng the major protection his present administration; it is the feeling of the whole people of family has against need. the United States of America. "We realize increasingly that our interests in North America Mr. REYNOLDS. Mr. President, according to my under and your interests in s·outh America are largely the same. Fur standing, there are approximately 1,500 C. C. C. camps in the thermore, the turbulent world conditions have impressed upon United States. I may add that since the creation of this us the necessity of republics like those existing in South and North America guarding together their common interests. organization as a result of the suggestion of our very able "We are separated from the rest of the world by two great President in April of 1933, the records show that more than oceans and are joined together by an isthmus and by links of 2,000,000 young men have been provided with the opportunity friendship and sympathy. I am not thinking of business rela of helping their dependents and of doing sundry work in tions only, but also of cultural relations. A few days ago there was established in our Department of State a new division of cultural various sections of the United States, which has proved ex relations, which may prove rich in results. tremely beneficial. Particularly in view of the fact that "I know that we have much to learn from you, and think that there is a movement on foot for the continuation of the we have something to give you in return. C. C. C. organizations, I hope that the bill which I have in "This morning, on a complimentary visit that I paid to the President of Chile, my attention was drawn to the International troduced will have 'favorable consideration. I call attention Labor Conference of 1919, in Washington, where certain social to the fact that yesterday our colleague, the junior Senator reforms were laid down for all the nations. His Excellency drew from Utah [Mr. THoMAS], introduced a bill providing for the my attention to the fact, which I think should be widely known, that Chile has had them all enacted into law. Chile, I believe, is continuation of the C. C. C. organizations. the only nation that has done so; so that the other nations, includ I ask that my bill be referred to the appropriate com ing ourselves, have much to learn from Chile in that respect. mittee, which I assume to be the Committee on Military "I think it is getting late to give you further illustrations, but I do hope that you will be convinced, as I am convinced, and as Affairs. the other Senators of the United Stat-es are convinced, that the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr . NEELY in the chair). relations between North and South America should become more The bill will be received and appropriately referred. intimate and contribute to a more prosperous future for both. "I thank you very much for the honor you have bestowed on The bill (S. 1182) to provide for military instruction and me, which I esteem most highly." training for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps was • • • • read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on (P. 1376.) Military Affairs. "Mr. PoRTALES (President). On behalf of the Senate of the Re public, I thank the honorable Senator for the words of greeting AMENDMENT TO FIRST DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL and of American friendship which his honor hl"l.S pronounced. Mr. WALSH submitted an amendment intended to be pro "The meeting is adjourned. posed by him to House bill 2868, the first deficiency appro "(The meeting adjourned at 7: 18 p. m.") priation bill, which was referred to the Committee on Appro [Translation] Source: Official Journal of the Senate of the Republic of Uruguay. priations and ordered to be printed, as follows: Wednesday, AU.g"Ust 24, 1938, page 319- B. At the proper place, under the heading "Bureau of Entomology The following appeared in Spanish only: and Plant Quarantine,'' insert the following: "I have to inform the Senate that Senator GREEN, accompanied "Dutch elm disease eradication: For determining and applying by the American Minister, is in the President's office. methods of eradication, control, and prevention of spread of the "I place before the senate the question whether it would be ap disease of elm trees known as Dutch elm disease, subject to the propriate to pass to an intermediate room to pay him our respects limitations specified under this head in the Agricultural Appro and whether I might be authorized afterward to invite him to enter priation Act for the fiscal year 1939, $200,000, to be immediately the chamber for a few minutes. available and remain available until June 30, 1940." "(Approvals.) "If there is no comment, it shall be done so. ADDRESSES BY SENATOR GREEN IN SOUTH AMERICA "The Senate passes to an intermediate room. "(After their return to the chamber, Mr. THEODORE F. GREEN, Mr. PITTMAN. Mr. President, the distinguished junior Senator of the United States of America, and Mr. William Dawson, Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN], a member of the Minister of the same country in Uruguay, enter.) Foreign Relations Committee, visited various South American "The PRESIDENT. The meeting is reopened. "Mr. GREEN, gentlemen, in the name of my colleagues of the Sen countries last year. He was received with every courtesy in ate and in my own name, it gives me special pleasure to greet the South America and was accorded receptions by the Senates of eminent political personality of the great American Nation, Senator Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. To the Chilean Senate GREEN, who honors us with his presence. "I greet him personally on his high merits, and I also greet in his he delive1·ed an admirable address, which was responded person the noble body of which he is part, the Senate of the United to very ably by the President of the Senate of the great state States, of which one great publicist said that it was a senate of of Chile. The Senator from Rhode Island likewise ad kings, and of which others have said-and we believe-that it is a dressed the Senate of Uruguay, in response to the greeting true Roman senate by reason of the dignity and transcendency of its resolutions; a Senate of the enlightened tradition loved and of the President of that distinguished body. I ask unani venerated by all children of free countries and very particularly by mous consent that the addresses referred to, together with us, the citizens of Uruguay. We cannot forget that from there, 1939. CONGRESSIONAL -;RECORD-SENATE 1067 from those high seats, powerful and eloquent voices were raised more "I thank you again for the high honor which you have bestowed than a century ago in behalf of the fathers of our history and of upon me, an honor which wm long remain in my memory. the e:tl'orts which we were then making for our incipient independ "I have finished. ence. "(Very good. Applause in the chamber and in the galleries.) "The visit of illustrious Americans has always given us pleasure. "Senator GREEN and Mr. Dawson, Minister of the United States in We have the recent remembrance of the visit of the distinguished Uruguay, withdraw from the chamber... Secretary of State, Mr. Cordell Hull, whose declarat ions we heard with delight and have collected and preserved with devotion, and of EDITORIAL OPINION ON SILVER the lofty statements of the great President of the United States, Mr. Roosevelt, whose two terms will be eponymic on the American con Mr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President, with reference to the tinent and, in general, throughout the world. (Very good!) Townsend resolution on silver (S. J. Res. 1) and the Town "It is our desire that the visit of all the great visitors from the send bill Alliance or to the Starvation cannot balance the Budget. It never has and Mayors' Conference. [Applause.] it never will. But a reduction :in jobs can unbalance a Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? budget, and is the most effective way of unbalancing the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Yes. Nation's Budget that can be conceived or enacted by Congress. Mr. COCHRAN. It is true that the Congress can· legislate, It is not the duty of Congress to destroy jobs. It is the but in this instance the Congress was denied an opportunity duty of Congress to maintain jobs. It is the duty of Congress to go on record in reference to the amount that the Adminis to create jobs. It is the duty of Congress to provide employ tration asked for. [Applause.} ment, to keep the wheels of business and industry moving; Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is not correct. and from the bottom of my heart I congratulate the gentle Mr. COCHRAN. Due solely to a clever parliamentary rna.;.. men who have brought in this report and who have made neuver in the manner iil which that bill was brought to this such ample provision-provision beyond an expectation and floor. beyond all requests-for the support of the W. P. A. They Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia., If a majority of this House will find it as bread cast upon the waters. [Applause.] in the Committee of the Whole. one majority, had wished to Mr. TABER and Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia rose. place a billion and a half or two billion or five billion dollars Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield to me in the bill, every Member of this House could have gone on for a question? record on that proposition. That is the most fanciful, the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman. most fantastic. the most childish proposition that anybody Mr. TABER. I wonder if the gentleman would be able to could present to this body-that some parliamentary maneu tell the House how it happened that in view of the statement ver accounts for it all. the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] has made here Mr. CANNON of MissourL Why, then. did the gentleman the gentleman fl'om Missouri signed the conference report. depart from the procedure always followed in every instance Mr. CANNON of Missouri. But, Mr. Speaker, it was not I in the Iast 20 years in order to achieve·that result? who made the protestations. The gentleman is the one who has gone JJack on everything he has been standing for when Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Oh, the gentleman and I do he signed the report. [Laughter and applause.] not agree on that procedure. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield my Mr. CA!'II'"NON of Missouri. I inserted in the RECORD the self 15 minutes. title and the numbers of every such bill considered in the Mr. Speaker, I am a little bit co-nfused myself about the last 20 years, and if the gentleman can recall a single in situation. I find my beloved colleague on the conference stance to the contrary, and he will submit them, we would [Mr. CANNON], although very happy about the final outcome be glad to have them. of everything, somewhat caustic in his criticism of the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I can bring in in a few days action which was taken and to which he, so far as I know the independent offices appropriation bill. Without any protestations whatever at any time or at any Mr. CANNON of Missouri. But that is beside the point. place, assented. The bill he mentions is not one of these bills. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I heartily concur in the con Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is an appropriation bill. ference report. It gives just what we have been asking :r have never seen the Appropriations Committee report out for. what the Budget estimates amounted to. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. There are one or two things Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The list printed in the REcORD that ought to be straightened out in the RECORD right now. includes every such bill introduced in the last 20 years. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1079 Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gentleman made a lone The conference report was agreed to. and valiant fight for $875,000,000, backed up by the Work A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. ers' Alliance, backed up by the Mayors' Conference. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment in Mr. CANNON of Missouri. And by the national leaders of disagreement. the Democratic Party and the Democratic leaders in this The Clerk read as follows: House and the Democratic leaders of the Senate. By the Amendment No. 9: On page 4, line 19, strike out "Provided official resolutions of the farm organizations, labor organiza further, That the appropriations herein made shall not be avail tions, and veterans' organizations. Add those. able unless and until rates of pay of employees of the Works Progress Administration are so fixed by appropriate administrative Mr. SHANNON. And the needy and the suffering. order as to eliminate differentials in rates of pay of workers of Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the same general class exceeding 25 percent of the maximum rates Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Yes. as between workers employed in different States or different areas Mr. RANDOLPH. I have listened to those who speak about of t he same general type in the several States." so-called secrecy on the vote taken on the amount of the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that appropriation. The gentleman would not desire to join the House further insist upon its disagreement to Senate those persons who want to leave the impression that any amendment No. 9. Member of this House would be afraid to go on record in Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a preferential this matter? I voted with the able gentleman from Vir motion. ginia and his committee, on the teller vote for the $725,000,- The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the preferential 000 in opposition to the amendment offered by Congressman motion. CANNON of Missouri, which would have raised the amount to The Clerk read as follows: $875,000,000. Mr. CocHRAN moves to recede and concur in the Senate amend During my service in Congress, I have supported a pro ment No.9. gram for work-relief funds, and it shall be my continued Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 purpose to vote for adequate appropriations in this connec minutes to the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN]. tion. . At this time I carefully considered the matter and Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, this is a very importan,t felt it was right and proper .for me to sustain the House Ap amendment. When I tell you that the Administrator and propriations Committee. We will be in session for several Assistant Administrator of W. P. A. are absolutely unable months, and if it is found necessary to bring before the Con to give even an estimate of the amount of money that will gress an additional appropriation to take care of the work be necessary to carry out its provisions, you can realize its relief program, I shall support such a measure. importance. What are yoU going to have to do if the Tarver I have nothing to hide in connection with my vote on all amendment remains in the _bill? You will have to increase bills coming before the House. Had there been a record roll the wages of those in certain areas; and if you do that, call, I would have done just as I did by teller vote. naturally, you must allocate more money to those areas. I have told the people of my district and State that I was The only way the situation can be met is to break down the for the $725,000,000. I repeat that I would have welcomed present scale of wages by reducing the amount that is now an opportunity to vote on a roll call on the matter. [Ap being paid in the large cities of the United States; or, on the plause.] Mr. other hand, in view of the amount of money that will be WOODRUM of Virginia. Of course. Not only that, needed to carry out the provisions of this amendment if the but I have personally got a lot of amusement out of the wage scale is not reduced, you will have to separate from the lather that some of my friends have worked themselves into in feeling that this is a matter of administration prestige or W. P. A. rolls ll,undreds of thousands of people who are in that there is anything of that kind involved in whether we need of this work. appropriate $725,000,000 or $875,000,000. No such issue as By the adoption of my motion, this bill will go to the Presi that was made in the House. After the bill left here I un dent. The Senate has insisted on its amendment. I repeat derstand there was a good deal of interest displayed, but what Colonel Harrington told me-that he absolutely could this bill does just exactly what the President of the United not give an estimate of the millions of dollars that will be States has wanted to do. It provides money to take care of required to carry out the provisions of this amendment. the unemployed, to relieve suffering, and the President. from This is no time to be bringing in amendments of this char this rostrum, if anyone seeks to invoke that, said that the acter. We have gone along all of these years without such a question of the amount of it was for the Congress. provision in the law. It was defeated when the existing law The Congress has taken its responsibility. Of course, the was before this House. If you do-not want to cause endless President can come back for more if he wishes to. It was not trouble, I say to you adopt my motion. [Applause.] necessary to put that in the law. He had the right to come Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself back if he desired to do so. Whether Congress will appro 3 minutes. priate it is a legislative function for the Congress to say at Mr. Speaker, I think I should be frank with the House, in the proper time. view of the motion that I made. The gentleman made quite a point of putting $15.000,000 The motion which I made was that the House further insist in here for direct relief. That was a humane provision, under on its disagreement to the Senate amendment. I did that taken to give some discretion and some latitude in case some because I promised the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. TARVER], sort of emergency should arise. in view of the fact that on a teller vote in the House this Now, I think Congress· ·has done a good job on this bill. amendment was placed in the bill by rather a substantial This amount of money is allocated in this bill for a 5-month majority, that I should endeavor to give the House another period. That is the way the thing stands when the President opportunity to express itself upon the matter. My position signs it. We did put safeguards in, that there could not be about the merits of it has not changed. I do not believe the any great discharge of people during the winter months, and proposition as it is sought to be reached by the amendment is we think that was a wise safeguard. In my judgment, if this administratively workable; that is, the differential language is effectively administered in line with trying to carry out the contained in the amendment that passed the House, and cer intention of Congress, it will be an ample amount to take care tainly not in the short length of time to which this appropria of the situation. tion would be applicable. I say that realizing very thoroughly Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on agreeing to the very marked differences in rates of pay which presently the conference report. [Applause.] obtain and which I think certainly would not exist if the The SPEAKER. The question is on ordering the previous W. P. A. were more careful and cautious in applying the pre question. vailing rate of wage provision, under which they are supposed The previous question was ordered. to operate. I cannot believe if that were done that there The SPEAKER. The question is .on agreeing to the confer would be as much difference as 18 cents an hour in one city ence report. for common labor and $1.10 in another city for common labor. 1080 CONGRESSIONAL REC-ORD-HOUSE F .EBRUARY 2 There might be justifiable grounds for a wage differential, What is the present situation?· Upon the passage of this leaving this, that, and the other factor out, but certainly not bill through the·House I placed in the RECORD certain statis to that extent; and I am under the vex:y .firm impression tical faets furnished to me by the Works Progress Adminis that if the W. P. A. would carefully and cautiously put into tra;tion itself, which showed that as between wages pa.id in operation the prevailing rate-of-wage provision in existing certain different localities in the Nation to unskilled labor law it would meet some of this objection. If not, then I there are now 1n effect differentials ranging as high in some should say we shall have to try to relieve the situation when instances as from 500 to 600 percent--from 18 cents per hour we consider the 1940 relief'bi11. in Tennessee to $1.025 per hour in Illinois-and that in cer Mr. DEMPSEY. Mr. Speaker. will the gentleman yield? tain other types of labor there are di::fferentials effective in Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. different .sections of the country ranging as .high as between Mr. DEMPSEY. What would happen in our insular pos• 800 and 900 percent. This is a situation which ought to be sessions, such as Puerto Rico, if the ·Tarver amendment corrected. I am :sure there is not .a Member of the House who remains in the bill? will feel, for example, that in Tennessee or in any of tbe Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I am fearful that it would other numerous States where a wage rate for W. P. A. of cause a lot of confusion and that it might cause a very great below 2.5 cents per hour is in effect, --changes in adminis upset in the administration of this law there. as wen as else~ trative provisions ought not to be made by which there shall where, in the remaining 5 months of this fiscal year. at least be JJQid in every State a minimum W. P. A. wage of As I said at the outset, I promised to bring the matter 25 cents an hour, whieh was the minimum fixed by this Con forward so that it might be considered and debated in the gress in the passage of the Wage-Hour Act. In the passage House. I have yielded to the gentleman from Missouri ·and of that act. if you will .recall. the two branches of Congress I am now going to yield to the gentleman from Georgia. took the position that the minimum wage ought not to be Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the 'gentleman yield? lower than that anywhere within the United States, and it Mr. WOODRUM .of Virginia. I yield. placed in the Relief .Aict for 1938 a provision which was in Mr. COCHRAN. It is true this amendment says and means tended to bring about recognition by the W. P. A. of the that not one dollar of this money is going to be .available 25-cents-per-hour .rate as the minimum W~ P. A. wage rat-e, until the Administrator carries out the provisions of this but theW. P. A. has not done so. amendment. Colonel Harrington told me he did not know In connection with this amendment of mine_, which was how long it would take to do it, yet he needs the money pro.. adopted in the House but .stricken out in the Senate~ it vided in this bill immediately. Is not this true? would certainly be possible for these conferees to insert in Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It presents very great ad.. lieu of the language of the Hause bill language which would ministrative difficulties. insure the -payment .of the m:inim.um wage of 25 cents per Mr. COCHRAN. Would it not be better to make this hour. This would not take .so much additional money. 'I1l1s money immediately available without this wage-differential would not require the expenditure of the many millions which amendment, and conduct an investigation between now and the ·gentleman from Missouri LMr. CocHRAN] seems to fear the time we pass the next bill to remedy the difficulty? will be needed. This would bring about only a measure of Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I think that would be a wise 6Ubstantial justice and .is in .accord with the principle which thing to do. was approved by this House upon its passage of the Wage~ Mr. COCiffiAN. The wise thing to do is to rececie an~ Hour Act. Aside from tbis possibility, there would be, in my concur in the Senate amendment .and send this bill to the judgment; no difficulty in the administration of a substitute President, is it not? provision which wa.s considered by the conference committee; Mr. WOODRUM of VIrginia. I think it is. and may I say to you that according to my infotm.ation this Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield'? substitute provision was at one time practically .agreed upon Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. ,by the. conferees. Failure to agree was occasioned by the Mr. CRAWFORD. In reference to the suggestion pertain~ action of ·one of the Senate conferees in changing the posi~ ing to Puerto Rico, what is the total amount of the $725,- tion which he had at one time assumed with reference to it. 000,0.00 which will be assigned to Puerto Rico'? In other And may I say to you further that I have assurance, upon words, what importance should we attach to the 15- or 20~ which I am justified in relying, that if the House :should cent rate in Puerto Rico? further insist upon its disagreement to the Senate amend._ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I should say not a very large ment the language which I am now about to read would be amount. agreed to by the Senate conferees. Mr. CRAWFORD. It does not amount to anything at all, It is a question of whether or not· you are willing to delay does it, relatively speaking? passage of this bill for a few hours, perha:pS until 4 or-5 Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Relatively negligible, I o'clock this afternoon. or until noon tomorrow, without injury should say. to anybody in so doing, in an effort to compose and straighten Mr. CRAWFORD. I am glad the gentleman agrees with out, to some extent at least. a very difficult problem that is me. now resulting in injustice to many hundreds of thousands of Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1'5 min~ citizens Df this country who are u.nferous State in the South ls in much worse condit.ion 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1083 than the least prosperous State outside of the South. You , TABLE 5.-Per capita accountable income received, 1929-35-Con. will find that our fanners have an average income of $186 per annum, while the average for farmers outside of the South Geographic regions and-States 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 is over $500 per annum. ------Does the W. P. A. Administrator give any consideration to South Atlantic______$430 $402 $341 $272 $268 $309 $322 Delaware_------1, 022 874 791 559 530 571 596 this? Apparently not; ~ut instead he .seems to operate under Maryland __ ------677 646 572 465 432 481 473 the old rule of "to those who hath shall be given and those District of Columbia______1,171 1, 166 1, 090 958 797 8\!5 966 Virginia __ ------~------402 383 333 262 254 285 305 who hath not shall be taken away that which they have." West Virginia ______450 408 332 252 250 302 318 North Carolina ______306 280 225 177 203 210 252 Here is a table showing the per capita income by States for South Carolina_------263 251 202 163 184 213 224 the years 1929 to 1935: Georgia______327 297 242 188 197 232 253 510 478 392 317 289 328 352 EastFlorida South __Central ------______------TABLE 5.-Per capita accountable income received, 1929-35 324 275 217 172 174 202 211 Kentucky __ ------~------363 323 257 207 200 224 240 350 307 244 190 197 223 232 TenneA Ia bamflssee ______------'- ______Geographic regions and States 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 303 258 199 l.'i3 160 188 189 1 268 194 -152 127 129 164 170 ------wes~ ~~~~~PJ~ntraC_~~======415 353 293 234 235 257 281 United States______Arkansas ______------294 215 184 147 148 174 182 $652 $587 $485 $372 $353 $399 $432 Louisiana. ______,______386 344 293 237 233 268 300 ------432 351 271 211 222 236 259 776 727 644 498 471 503 Oklahoma_------New England------528 Texas ______-~-_-- ·------457 400 338 270 268 '1S9 316 MainEL ------588 540 470 368 370 378 415 593 -523 408 317 300 361 4oa New Hampshire ______592 570 507 378 375 412 Mountain __ ------438 Montana_------f-38 524 391 321 307 418 432 Vermont______------577 546 450 340 309 328 365 551 455 317 2-45 247 310 345 806 764. 688 537 500 533 539 Massa:chusetts_Rhode Island ______------706 639 fi15 408 385 455 .526 773 710 636 499 483 509 561 w~~~lng~~===Colorado ______-======______621 580 459 356 328 371 406 Connecticut_ __ ------____ 892 816 700 532 507 553 607 New Mexico ______413 373 322 247 242 312 321 Middle Atlantic_--~------909 845 717 545 503 548 589 Arizona_--______-_---_------616 524 407 314 298 359 402 New York ______1, 080 1, 005 863 6.54 605 650 700 Utah ___ ------549 497 388 290 274 310 348 New Jersey------801 760 655 513 4.62 486 517 Nevada ______879 768 616 41i4 397 4.74 545 Pennsylvania _____ ------731 673 554 417 388 443 478 Pacific ______------_ 862 760 617 488 467 505 548 728 627 496 374 353 424 467 East0 Northbio ______CentraL------_____ • ______-----____ Washington ____ ------____ 709 619 466 362 352 402 4~4 690 c95 424 3.57 349 414 460 Oregon ______643 557 431 233 322 368 394 lnd iana ______------~ ____ ----____ 566 477 3!36 '1S7 278 343 California ______402 942 ~33 690 549 523 556 605 Illinois ______: ____ ~----_------85."3 7fi9 bll1 430 405 457 5oo 741 606 488_ 393 347 459 473 643 c59 440 337 . 323 397 467 Bearing in mind the States having the highest and lowest West~~~~~;~fn:======North CentraL ______539 496 392 292 276 325 366 Minnesota _____ ~ ______------____ f.5.5 522 435 33.'i 308 365 416 per capita income, now consider this table which shows that, Iow A-~ ______------_------498 466 345 248 237 290 370 almost without exception, the States with the highest per MissourL ___ ------582 545 445 339 320 350 366 North Dakota ______479 348 218, 202 198 240 2fl0 capita income, y.rhere a person's incom~ is ·the most; are given South Dakota______451 401 311 188 180 244 275 the highest per capita of W. P. -A. funds, and the States N ehraska_ ------__ 550 52.1 400 282 274 il~O 3fll Kansas_------li32 471 379 275 258 325 365 with the lowest income are given the least. Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, total and per capita emergency relief expenditures as of Nov. 30, 1938
Expenditures1 -- Works Progress Civil Works Federal Emergency Population t Ac!ministration Administration Relief Administration Total
Per P-er Total Total Total Per Total P er capita capita_ capita capita
United States------.------129,257,d $5, 636, 078, 000 $43.60 $833, 199, 000 $6.40 $2, 950, 390, 000 $22.80 $9, 419, 667, 000 ------$72.80 Alabama _____ ------___ ---_----______-----______2,895, 000 Arirona ______----______59,743,000 20.60 16,110,000 5. 60 45,162,000 15.60 121, 015, 000 41.80 412,000 21,235,000 51.50 4, 786,000 11.60 16,570,000 40.10 42,591,000 103.20 Arkansas ___ ------___ ~- ______2, 048,000 51,870,000 25.30 12,220,000 5. 90 40,833,000 19.90 104, 923, 000 51.10 California ____ ----______--______----______6,154, 000 290, 056, 000 47.10 41,469,000 6. 70 159, 715, 000 25.90 491, 240, 000 79.70 Color ado ____ --__ ------_-----_------1, 071,000 64,758,000 60.40 7, 433,000 6. 90 39,432,000 36.80 111, 623, 000 104.10 Connecticut_ ___ ---______--__ --_--_-_- 1, 741,000 61,289,000 35.20 9,884, 000 5. 70 24,154,000 13.80 95,327,000 54.70 Delaware __ ------__ 261,000 5, 938,000 22.70 580,000 2. 20 2, 221,000 8. 50 - 8, 739,000 33.40. District of Columbia------'------627,000 19,671,000 31.40 5, 604,000 8.90 15,317,000 24.40 40,592,000 64.70 Florida ______--__ ------1, 670,000 57,566,000 34.40 16,838, oco 10 ..10 41, 755,000 25.00 116,-159,000 69.50 Georgia __ ------3, 085,000 .65, 310, 000 21.20 14,092,000 4. 60 46,039,000 14.90 125, 441, 000 40.70 Idaho ______--'-_------493,000 19, 127,000 38.80 5. 440,000 11. 10 13,577,000 27. 5~ 38,144, ( 0) 77.40 Illinois ___ ------______•____ --______------______7,878, 000 406. 968, 000 51.70 57,601,000 7. 30 233, 975, 000 29.70 698, 544, 000 88.70 Indian a ___ ------_-__ --_------3, 474,000 172, 585. 000 49.70 23,056,000 6. 60 53,125,000 15.30 248, 766, 000 71.60 Iowa _____ ------______: ______2, 552,000 56,505,000 22.10 14,712,000 5.80 25,108,000 9.80 96.325,000 37.70 Kansas ____ ------__ ------1, 864,000 72,692,000 39.00 12,247, 000 6. 60 40, 150,000 21.50 125, 089, 000 67. 10 2, 920,000 81,387.000 27.80 10,087,000 3. 50 39, 152,000 13.40 130, 626, 000 44.70 ~~~i~Y~!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::: : 2,132, 000 67, 255, 000 31.50 13,203,000 6. 20 52,164,000 24.50 132, 622, 000 62.20 Maine __ ------856,000 18,111,000 21.20 4, 648,000 5.40 11,841,000 -13.80 34,600,000 40.40 Maryland ___ ------______: __ ------__ -- 1, 679,000 34,260,000 20.40 9, 043,000 5.40 33,409,000 19.90 76,712,000 45.70 Massachusetts __ ------_-_--- 4,426,000 264, 179, 000 59.70 29,699,000 6. 70 115, !>47, 000 26.20 409, 825, 000 92.60 Michigan ___ ------_--- 4, 830,000 227, 870, 000 47.20 44,417,000 9.20 127, 569, 000 26.40 399, 856, 000 82.80 Minnesota_------2, 652,000 134, 810, 000 50.80 19,547,000 7.40 68,627,000 25.90 222, 984, 000 84.10 Mississippi______------2, 023,000 45,450,000 22.·50 9, 799,000 4.80 31, 193,000 15.40 86,442,000 42.70 Missouri __ ------_------3, 989,000 160,175,000 40.10 19,983,000 5.00 65,411,000 16.40 245, 569,000 61.50 Montana------· 539,000 39,641,000 73.50 6, 309,000 11.70 22,546,000 41.80 68,.496, 000 127.00 N cbraska ___ ------______1, 364,000 51 ,100,000 37.40 6,179, 000 4.50 22,789,000 .16. 70 80,058,000 58.60 Nevada ______------101,000 5, 052,000 50.00 1, 300,000 12.90 5, 225,000 51.70 11,577,000 114.60 New Hampshire ______------510,000 17,646,000 34.60 3,028, 000 5. 90 7, 056,000 13.80 27,730,000 54.30 New Jersey __ ------4, 343,000 221, 504,000 51.00 27,732,000 6. 40 90,135,000 20.70 339, 371, 000 78.10 New Mex.ico __ ------~22. 000 22, f'31, 000 54.10 2, 352,000 5. 60 15,069,000 35. 70 40,252,000 95. 40· New York __ ------12,959,000 899, 127, 000 69.40 86,835,000 6. 70 397. 786, 000 30.70 1, 383, 748, 000 106.80 North Carolina __ ------3, 492,000 47,621,000 13.60 . 12, 942, 000 3. 70 38,745,000 11. 10 99,308,000 28.40 N ortb Dakota______------____ 706,000 34,893,000 49.50 5,102, 000 7. 20 26,239,000 37.20 66,234,000 93.90 0 hio ______------6, 733,000 414, 020, 000 61.50 58,434,000 8. 70 175,075.000 26.00 647, 529, 000 96.20 2, 543,000 96,820,000 OrOklahomaegon ______------_------______------______37.90 17,820, 000 7. 00 45,493,000 17.80 160, 133, 000 62.70 1,027, 000 40,072,000 39.00 6, 501,000 6. 30 22,354,000 21.80 68,927,000 67.10 Pennsylvania ______------_------______10,176,000 600, 091, 000 58.90 46,242,000 4. . 50 322, 778, 000 31.70 969, 111, 000 95.10 Rhode Island __ ------681,000 31,532,000 46.30 3, 823,000 5. 60 7,809, 000 11.50 43,164,000 63.40 South Carolina ______--__ --_----______1, 875,000 43,883,000 23.40 10,349,000 5. 50 36,905,000 19.70 91,137, 000 48.60 South Dakota____ ------692,000 40,354,000 58.20 6, 843,000 9. 90 32,440,000 46.90 79,637, 000 115.00 Tennessee ___ ------_-__ --_------2, 893,000 54,963,000 19.00 13,226,000 4. 60 35,350,000 12.20 103, 539, 000 35. 80 Texas __ - __ ------6, 172,000 120, 644, 000 19.50 33,706,000 5. 50 78,333,000 12.70 232, 683, 000 37.70 U tab ______------______-----______519,000 25, 146,000 48.40 .. 524,000 8. 70 18,604,000 35.80 48,274,000 92. 90 383,000 9, 018,000 23.50 1, 778,000 4. 60 3, 57R, 000 9.40 14,374,000 37.50 Washington ______2, 706; 000 4!, 775,000 15.40 12,155,000 4.50 24.280,000 9.00 78,210,000 28.90 ~r:~~i~~======1, 658,000 84,520,000 51.00 13,557,000 8. 20 40,287,000 24. ~0 13R, 364, 000 83.50 1, 865,000 81,415,000 43.60 13,014,000 7.00 50,899,000 27.30 145, 328, 000 77.90 Wyoming ______2, 926,000 144, 173,000 49.30 34,489,000 11.80 81,025,000 2i. 70 259, 687, 000 88. 80 :; r:~o~~r~~~~======~======~= == 235,000 9, 428,000 ' 40.10 2, 461,000 10.50 7,144, 000 30.40 19,033,000 81.00
1 U.S. Bureau of the Census estimate as of July 1, 1937. JU, S. Senate, Committee on Appropriations. bearinis on H. J. Res. 83, 76th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 115-118. 1084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2
Do these facts bear out the claim of "equal treatment for SELL, and were used by him in his address in the Sen all," which we hear so much about? Of course not, but just ate last Saturday in support of this Tarver amend the reverse. ment. Now, I have one other table which deserves your at This table shows that the States receiving the greatest tention. And may I say here, Mr. Speaker, that these amount of W. P. A. money are required to put up the smallest tables were secured from official sources by the junior percentage of sponsor's contribution. It is hard to believe, Senator from Georgia, the Honorable RICHARD B. Rus- but here are the figures.
TABLE B.-Expenditures on Works Progress Administration, operated prajects, by States and by sources of funds, through Nov. 30, 1938
Cumulative through Nov. 30, 1938 5 months ending Nov. 30, 1938
Sponsors' funds Sponsors' funds State Tota~=ndi- Federal funds Percent Total expendi Federal Percent of total tures funds of total Amount expendi- Amount expendi· tures ture9
TotaL------$6, 195,050,364 $5, 206, 312, 670 $988, 737' 694 16.0 $1. 093, 521, 558 $897, 892, 694 $195, 628, 864 17.9 Alabama..------67,946,931 53,744,645 14,202,286 20. 9 13,496,711 10,725,337 2, 771,374 20.5 Arizona ____ ------______----__ --_------26,006,875 19,243,186 6, 763,689 26.0 4, 4fJ7, 965 3, 374,784 1, 083,181 24.3 Arkansas __ ------______54,032,946 44,622,390 9, 410,556 17.4 10,543,625 8, 963,121 1, 580,504 15.0 California ______319, 970, 376 268, 857, 632 51,112,744 16.0 45,114,675 36,372,125 8, 742,550 19.4 Colorado ______71,885,189 58,672,590 13,212,599 18.4 10,989,501 8, 886,189 2, 103,312 19.1 Connecticut ______69,334,885 56,732,834 12,602,051 18.2 12,493,553 10,237,698 2, 255,855 18.1 Delaware ______5, 968,386 5, 184,750 783,636 13.1 1,216,288 976,775 239,513 19.7 20,139,667 17,370,617 2, 769,050 13.7 4,112,805 3, 5H,446 571,359 13.9 Florida_District of------Columbia------______-----______Georgia ______62,751,844 50,555,122 12,196,722 19.4 13,096,345 10,642,366 2,453, 979 18.7 Idaho ______.;... ______69,684,688 56,327,417 13,357,271 19.2 14,288,818 11,281,609 3,007, 209 21.0 22,899,371 Hl,411, 498 6,487,873 28.3 3, 666,44.6 2, 640,731 1,025, 715 28.0 illinois ___ ------______------___ (62, 489, 908 384, 307' 671 78,182,237 16.9 9(, 675,647 78,500,384 16,175,263 17.1 Indiana______------______191, 693, 147 162,740,041 28,953, 106 15. 1 36,657,738 29,853,039 6,804, 699 18.6 Iowa _____ ------______68, 98(, 079 51,953,223 17,030,856 24.7 13,157,554 9,292,076 3, 865,478 29.4 Kansas __ ------______83,391,354 65,063, 008 17,328,346 21.0 11,492,568 8, 871, 517 2, 621,051 22. 8 89,426,684 71,022,357 18,404,327 20.6 19,750,483 15,861,358 3,889,125 19.7 74,443,909 60,989,887 13,454,022 18.1 12,532,421 10,199,240 2, 333, 181 18.6 MarylandMaine.e:i~~---=-======______~------___ 18,706,403 14,948,800 3, 757,603 20.1 3,233,604 2,445, 232 788,372 24.4 36, 183,300 30, 598,393 5, 584,907 15.4 5,415, 841 4,129,872 1, 28.~. 969 23.7 Massachusetts ______266, 762, 260 249, 006, 370 37,755,890 13. 2 49,278,572 42,928,371 6, 350, 20~ 12.9 Michigan·------257, 036, 733 214,-437, 947 42,598,786 16.6 68,002,613 59,562,953 8,439, 660 12.4 Minnesota·------151, 872, 055 125, 140, 242 26,725,813 17.6 28,494,091 22,213,379 6, 280,712 22.0 53,421,627 40,104,091 13.317,536 24.9 10,261,383 7, 837,087 2,424, 296 23.6 172, 604, 112 148,' 643, 807 23,960,305 13.9 33,878,768 29,145,682 4, 733, 086 14.0 Montana.------______------______~::rt~::::======Nebraska ______n,277,536 34,411,245 6,866, 291 16.6 8, 944,195 7,019, 248 1, 924, 947 21.5 59,681,807 46.272.250 13.409.557 22.5 10,690.754 s. 356.795 2, 333, 959 21.8 Nevada______------__ -- 6, 501,457 4. 534,309 1, 967,148 30.3 1, 171,959 700,961 470,998 40.2 New Hampshire ______------_ 19,805,649 16,0~.870 3, 760,779 19.0 3, 770,713 3,075, 370 695,343 18.4 New Jersey _____ ------249,746,408 208, 701, 496 U,044., 912 16.4 44,458,161 34,677,560 9, 780,601 22.0 New Mexico.------24,036,235 19,863,932 4, 172,303 17. 4 4, 248,708 3,425, 695 823,013 19.4 NorthNew York Carolina __ ------______957, 897, 170 846, 489, 627 111,407,543 11.6 114, 695, 270 95,112,278 19,582,992 17.1 52,730,411 40,347,484 12,382, 9Zl 23.5 11; 112,574 8, 431,837 2,680, 737 24.1 North Dakota.------______------______Ohio ______37,914, ~1 30,428,436 7,485.~ 19.7 5,353,859 3,839,~ l, 514,316 28.3 452, 033, 485 393, 923, 650 58,109,835 12. 9 104, 386, 777 91,316,1 13,070,648 12.5 Oklahoma.------____ ------____ ------______108, 321, 802 84,719,322 23,602,480 21.8 17,391,551 14,095,880 3, 295, 671 18.9 PennsylvaniaOregon ____ ------______44,858,092 36,363,1121 8, 494,471 18.9 7,066, 557 5,476,325 1, 590,232 22.5 628, 514,369 565, 058, 086 63,456,283 10.1 104,375,269 90,737,611 13,637,658 13.1 Rhode Island.. ______35,248,891 29,181,329 6,067,562 17.2 7, 731,210 6, 716,131 1,015, 079 13.1 South Carolina ______47,172, 123 37,345,357 9,826, 766 20. 8 10,340,452 8, 4.37, 514 1, 902.938 18.4 South Dakota.. __ ------42,263,313 35, 141,026 7, 122,287 16.9 5, 236, 147 3, 908,201 1, 327.946 25.4 Tennessee. __ ------_--__ ---_-_-_---__ --_------70,026,648 46,791,125 23,235,523 33. 2 11,941,851 8,683, 521 3, 258,330 27.3 Texas.• ------140, 242, 552 105, 513, 240 34,729,312 24.8 24,329,529 17,726,908 6,602, 621 27.1 . VermontUtab. ______------29,573,286 22,034, 972 7, 538, 314 25.5 4, 768,460 3,429, 423 1,339,037 28.1 10,579,012 8, 018, 757 2, 560,255 24.2 2, 280,305 1, 779,897 500, 4{)8 21.9 Virginia ____ ------______------44,610,890 3(, 930,027 9, 680,863 21.7 7, 310, 169 5, 360,028 1, 950, 141 26.7 Washington ______------______92,253,260 77,044,955 15,208,305 16.5 19,593,237 15,145,860 4,447, 377 22.7 West Virginia ______------______88,011,258 74,520,200 13,491,058 15.3 14, 760,250 11,813,994 2, 946,256 20.0 Wisconsin ___ ------160,317,091 132, 811, 632 27,505,459 17.2 31,276,989 25,348,247 5, 928,742 19.0 Wyoming·------11.709,374 8, 283,691 3, 425,683 29.3 1,815,088 1, 201,318 613,770 33.8 Alaska __ __ ------____ : ______20,743 20,743 ------118 -118 ------HawaiiVirgin Islands ____ ------______7,349, 554 5, 115, 752 2, 233,802 30.4 1,436, 765 867,305 569,460 39.6 4, 015 4,015 ------200;8!5" ------200;845" ------Central textileoffice. _____account______------~------4, 944,808 4,944,808 ------·------9,231,805 -9,231,805 ------7,473,983 -7,473,983 ------Source: Federal funds represent voucher payments reported by the Treasury Department, sponsors' funds based on Works Progress Administration State office reports of sponsors' certifications. ·
You will observe that the towns, cities, and counties in my Average eurnings per worker per month on W. P. A! State pro- State must pay 19.2 percent of the cost of a project, while in grams, September, October, November, 1938 New York they were reqUired to put up only 11.6 percent, in Professional Pennsylvania only 10.1 percent, in Massachusetts only 13.2 Unskilled Intermediate Skilled and technical percent, in Ohio only 12.9 percent, and in Delaware only 13.1 percent. High Low High Low High Low High Low The pending amendment, offered by Judge TARVER, of my ------State, merely seeks to correct these inequalities by providing -- UnitedAlabama States: ______that wages for the same class of work shall not vary in any $0.40 $0.19 $0.60 $0.24 $1.50 $0.31 $1.11 $0.34 Arizona ______.50 . 36 . 75 .41 1.00 .56 1. 25 .62 part of the Nation over 25 percent, which is certainly more Arkansas _____ .28 .20 . 55 .25 1. 25 .33 . 70 .36 than sufficient to take care of any difference in the cost of California ______~ 81 .33 1. 45 .38 1. 75 .46 1. 67 . 51 Colorado ______. 72 . 30 1.00 . 41 1. 50 . 50 1.07 .56 liVing. As the following table shows, the present variation is Connecticut____ .50 . 40 1. 05 .45 1. 65 . 57 1. 30 .63 not justified and is wholly unfair to the people of my section Delaware ___ .41~ .24 . 90 28 1.50 .34 1.36 .60 Florida______.30 .19 . 73 .24 1. 75 .32 1.05 .35 of the country. Georgia_------. 30 .20 .43 .25 1.25 .33 1.50 .36 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1085
Average earnings per worker per month on W. P. A. State pro Bradley, Pa. Ford, Thomas F. Kramer Rutherford grams, September, October, November, 1938--Continued Brewster Fries Kunkel Ryan Brown,-Ohio Gamble Landis Sa bath Buck Gartner Larrabee Sacks Professional Unskilled Intermediate Skilled Buckler, Minn. Gavagan Lea Sandager and technical Burdick Gearhart LeCompte Schaefer, Til. Byrne,N. Y. Gehrmann Lesinski Schafer, Wis. Byron Gerlach Lewis, Colo. Schiffler High -Low High Low High Low High Low Cannon, Mo. Gifford Lewis, Ohio Schuetz ------Casey, Mass. Gilchrist Lord Schulte Celler Gillie Luce Schwert United States-Con. Chiperfield Goldsborough Ludlow Scrugham Idaho------______$0.55 $9. 28~ $0 .62~ $0.32 $0. 78~ $0.39 $0. 86 $0. 43~ Church Graham McAndrews Seccombe lllinois ______1.02~ . 31 1.37 ~ . 33 1.91\ .39~ 1.50 . 44 Indiana ______. 95 .40 1.10 .41 l. .so .46 1. 66 . 50 Clason Grant, Ind. McCormack Shafer, Mich. Iowa ______------.67 ~ . 31 1.20 . 35 1. 50 .43 1. 50 .47 Claypool Griswold McDowell Shanley Kansas ______.50 .27 .85 . 32 1. 37 . 37 . 81 . 41 Clevenger Guyer, Kans. McGranery Shannon Kentucky------.50 .25 1.37 ~ .35 1. 75 . 31 1.17~ .34 Cluett Gwynne McKeough Short Louisiana_------. 35 . 20 1.00 . 25 1.38 . 32 1. 50 . 35 Cochran Hall McLaughlin Simpson Maine ______.40 . 31 . 70 . 35 1. 35 .45 1.60 . 49 Cole, N.Y. Halleck McLeod Sirovich Maryland ______. 44 .25 . 55 . 32 1.50 .38 1.10 .48 Connery Hancock Maas Smith, Conn. Massachusetts ____ . 85 . 35 1. 50 .39 . 1.66?~ .48 1.60 .53 Corbett Harness Magnuson Smith, Ill. Michigan __ ------.60 . 33 1.00 .37~ 1.58~ .45~ 1. 47 . 50~ Costello Harrington Mapes Smith, Maine Minnesota_------.68%' . 32 1.15 . 41 1.50 .46 1. 79 .55~ Mississippi______Crosser Hart Marcantonio Smith, Ohio .40 .19 .90 .25 1. 50 .31~ 2. 50 .40 Crowe Harter, N. Y. Marshall Snyder Missouri______.50 . 25 .68 .30 .88 .34 . 82 . 38 Montana______Culkin Harter, Ohio Martin, Colo. Spence .75~ .45~ 1.12 . 41 1.77~ .50 . 96 .55~ Hartley Martin, Iowa Springer Nebraska ______. 47 . 30 . . 70 . 33 1.37~ .40 1.00 .46 CUllen Nevada_------.62~ .48~ 1.50 . 55 2. 00 . 67 2.00 .74~ Cummings Havenner Martin, Mass. Stearns, N.H. New Hampshire __ .45 .35 .66 . 43 1.30 .53 1. 00 . 51 D'Alesandro Hawks Mason Sumner, Til. New Jersey ______.50 . 25 1. 30~~ .35 2. 25 .39 1.50 .44 Darrow Healey Merritt Sutphin New Mexico ______.40 .29 1.00 .35 1.50 .43 .86 .68 Delaney Heinke Michener Taber New York.. ______.62~ . 26 1. 25 . 33 2.00 .39~ 1. 41 .43% Dempsey Hennings Monkiewicz Tenerowicz North Carolina____ .29 .20 . 64 . 25 1.00 .34 . 91 .60 Dickstein Hess Moser Thill North Dakota_____ .48 .40 . 55 . 45 1. 35 . 55 .77 . 61 Dingell Hinshaw Mott Thomas, N.J• Ohio_------. 679 . 31 1. 25 . 35 2.00 .43 2. 50 . 47~ Dirksen Holmes Myers Thorkelson Oklahoma______. 41 . 25 . 73 . 35 1.50 .43 1.00 .47 . 51 Ditter Hook Norton Tibbett Oregon ______-----_ .50 .34 .80 .38 1. 50 .46 1. 25 Dondero Hope O'Brien Tinkham Pennsylvania _____ . 65 .50 1.24~ . 57 2.00 .65~ 3.03 .71~ Rhode Island _____ . 61 .78 ~ , .67~ Doughton Hunter O'Connor Tolan .50 . 40 .59~ .46~ 1. 50 Douglas 'Jacobsen O'Day South Carolina ____ .27 ~ .19 .48 .24 1. 25 . 32 :52~ .31 ~ Treadway South Dakota _____ .40 .37 .42 .38 1.37% .46 .58 . 55 Dowell Jarrett O'Leary VanZandt Tennessee ______.30 .18 .43 . 23 1. 62 . 31 .64 . 35 Duncan Jenkins, Ohio Oliver Vorys, Ohio Texas __ .__ ------__ . 35 . 20 . 55 . 26 1. 50 . 32 1. 22 . 35 Dunn Jenks, N.H. O'Neal Vreeland Utah ______.50 . 41 . 75 . 50 1. 50 . 63 1.00 . 70 ·Eaton, Calif• Johns Osmers Wallgren Vermont ______.40 .32 .50 . 35 1. 25 .43 1.10 .48 Eaton, N.J. Johnson, Ill. O'Toole Walter Virginia ______.40 .19 .57 .24 1. 50 . 31 1. 50 .34 Eberharter Johnson, Ind. Parsons Welch Washington ______.58 .34 .99 .38 1. 67 .46 1.44 .44 E111ott Jones, Ohio Pfeifer Wheat West Virginia _____ .45 .40 .58 .47 .84 .54 . 90 .84 Elston Kean Pierce, N.Y. White, Idaho Wisconsin ______1. 00 . 33~ 1. 22 .37~ 1.66 .39~ 1. 51 . 43}2 Wyoming ______. 61}2 .66 .64 Engel Keefe Pittenger White, Ohio .42 .42 .4R .47H .58 Engle bright Keller Plumley Williams, Del. New York.City ___ .93 .46 ~ 1.57 .48 2. 21 . 589 1. 518 . 70 Kelly Polk District - 01 Co- Faddis W1lliams, Mo. lumbia______.50 • 33 1.15 .43 2. 00 .67 1. 22 • 76 -Fay Kennedy, Martin Powers Wolcott Fenton Kennedy, Michael Rabaut Wolfenden, Pa. Fish Kennedy, Md. Reed, TIL Wolverton, N.J. · You notice that the wage scale for unskilled labor starts 'Fitzpatrick Keogh Reed, N.Y. Wood Flaherty Kinzer Rich Woodruff, Mich. with a low of 18 cents per hour in Tennessee, "20 cents per Flannagan Kirwan Rodgers, Pa. Woodrum, Va. hour in Georgia, and runs up to a high of $1 per hour in · Flannery Knutson Rogers, Mass. Youngdahl Wisconsin and $1.02 per hour in Illinois. And for profes Ford, Leland M. Kocialkowski Routzahn Zimmerman sionals it climbs to a high of $3.03 per hour, or over $24 per NAY&-140 day, in Pennsylvania. I do not understand how any man Allen, La. Dies Kerr Rankin . Allen,Pa. Disney Kilday Rees, Kans. with a conscience could take the people•s tax money, set aside Anderson, Calif. Doxey Kitchens Richards for relief purposes, and pay any man $24 per day for relief Barden Drewry Kleberg Robertson Bates, Ky. Durham Lanham Robinson, Utah work. It makes me wonder where we are going and what the Beckworth Dworshak Lemke Robsion, Ky. end will be. Bland Edmiston McGehee Rogers, Okla. Boren Ellis McMUlan, John L. Romjue Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move the pre Brooks Ferguson McMlllan, Thos. S.Satterfield vious question on the pending motions. Brown, Ga. Fernandez Mahon Secrest The previous question was ordered. Bryson Folger Maloney Sheppard Bulwinkle Ford, Miss. Massingale Smith, Va. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. WARREN). The question Burch Fulmer May Smith, Wash. is on the preferential motion offered by the gentleman from Burgin Garrett Mllls, Ark. Smith, W.Va. Byrns, Tenn. Gathings Mills, La. South Missouri to recede and concur in the Senate amendment. Caldwell Geyer, Calif. Monroney Sparkman The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Cannon, Fla. Gibbs Mouton Starnes, Ala. Mr. WooDRUM of Virginia and Mr. CocHRAN) there were-ayes Carlson Gore Mundt Stefan Cartwright Gossett Murdock, Ariz. Talle 104, noes 100. Case, S. Dak. Grant, Ala. Murdock, Utah Tarver Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the Chandler Griffith Murray Taylor, Tenn. Chapman Hare Nelson Terry ground there is not a quorum present. Clark Hendricks Nichols Thomas, Tex. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia Coffee, Nebr. Hill Norrell Thomason makes the point of order that there is no quorum present. Coffee, Wash. Hoffman Owen Turner Cole,Md. Horton Pace Vincent, Ky. The Chair will count. [After counting.] Two hundred and Co111ns Houston Patman Vinson, Ga. eight Members present, not a quorum. The Clerk will call Colmer Hull Patrick Voorhis, Calif. Cooley Izac Patton Wadsworth the roll. The question is on the preferential motion offered cooper Jarman Pearson Warren by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN]. Cox Johnson,LutherA.Peterson, Fla. Weaver The question was taken; and there were-yeas 252, nays Crawford Johnson, Lyndon Peterson, Ga.. West curtis Johnson, Okla. Poage Whelchel 140, not voting 40, as follows: Darden Johnson, W.Va. Ramspeck Whittington [Roll No. 9] DeRouen Kee Randolph Winter YEA&-252 NOT VOTING-40 Allen, Ill. Arends Barton Bloom Alexander crowther Gross Leavy Andersen, H. Carl Arnold Bates, Mass. Boehne Ashbrook Curley Hobbs McArdle Anderson, Mo. Austin Beam Boland Boykin Daly Jeffries McLean Andresen, A. H. Ball Bell Bolles Buckley, N.Y.. Evans Jensen McReynolds Andrews Barnes Bender Bolton Carter Green Jones, Tex. Maciejewski Angell Barry Blackney Bradley, Mich. Creal Gregory Lambertson Mansfield 1086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Martin, ill. Rayburn Seger Sumners, Tex: 20,000 planes, what was to be done with them? Gentlemen Miller Reece, Tenn. Somers, N.Y. Sweeney Mitchell Risk Steagall Taylor, Colo. of the House, I think these questions should be answered to Pierce, Oreg. Rockefeller Sullivan Wigglesworth remove a lack of understanding of our present situation hav So the motion was agreed to. ing to do with our international relations and what our de The Clerk announced the following pairs: fense policy .should be. General pairs: There is one man today reputed to know of the President's original proposal. It is the Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. Mr. Rayburn with Mr. Seger. Mr. Steagall with Mr. Lambertson. Johnson. Members of the Military Affairs Committee on the Mr. McReynolds with Mr. Crowther. minority side have asked that he be heard by the committee. Mr. Jones of Texas with Mr. Reece of Tennessee. Mr. Mansfield with Mr. Carter. We believe he should be able to answer these questions. He Mr. Sullivan with Mr. Jensen. is reputed to be the President's public exponent of the original Mr. Sumners of Texas with Mr. Wigglesworth. proposal, and I hope the chairman of the committee will not Mr. Taylor of Colorado with lV".Lr. McLean. Mr. Hobbs with Mr. Risk. close the general hearings on this important proposal until Mr. Somers of New York with Mr. Gross. Mr. Johnson has had an opportiunty to answ€r these ques Mr. Sweeney with Mr. Rockefeller. tions. [Applause.] Mr. Daly with Mr. Alexander. Mr. Evans with Mr. Jeffries. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. Green with Mr. Miller. Mr. McArdle with 1\Rinconada Pass during the Battle o:f Buena Vista. He was pro farmers. to. cut down production to the end that what can be moted to first lieutenant March 3, 1847, to captain March 3, 1855, and served against the Seminoles in 1856-58. raised can be sold to good advantage to those who are too He was in Fort Moultrie from 1860 until the garrison withdrew poor to buy at any price. Such an enigma cannot be ex to Fort Sumter on December 26 of that year, and aimed the first plained by Henry Wallace or anyone else. The people I am gun fired in defense of the latter fort on April 12, 1861. He was thinking about are those farmers in my State and other promoted to major in the Seventeenth Infantry on May 14, 1861; from June until. August was with General Patterson in the Shenan States who are too poor to pay interest, too poor to pay doah Valley; and then served in the defense of Washington, com taxes, too poor to pay any debts, and too poor to obtain the manding forts and batteries on the Potomac. He was made brig necessities of life. adier general of. Volunt.eers on February 3, 1862, and was assigned to the command of all the defenses of Washington on the same Theories may be all right in their place, but a farmer can da.te, and commanded a brigade on the Rappahannock and 1n the not live on theories. northern Virginia campaign from May to September 1862, and in The Congress passed the Commodities Exchange Act in cluding the second Battle of Bull Run, where he succeeded, on August 30, to the command of Ratch's division. In the Battle of 1936, and under it, as amended in 1938, Secretary of Agri Antietam his division held the extreme right and opened the battle, culture Henry Wallace, the Secretary of Commerce, and the losing heavily but taking six battle flags. On November 29, 1862, Attorney General constitute the Commodities Exchange he was promoted to major general of Volunteers. He was at Fred Commission with power to control the various exchanges of ericksburg and Chancellorsville and succeeded Gen. John F. Reyn olds as chief of the First Corps when that officer was appointed to the country and to carry out the provisions of the law, the command of a wing of the army. On July 1, 1863, took com which reads: mand of the Gettysburg field until the arrival of General Howard Transactions in commodities involving the sale thereof ror some hours later. His division fought gallantly in the battle that future delivery as commonly conducted on boards of trade and followed, and on the third day aided in the repulse of Pickett's charge. He was brevetted colonel in the Regular Army on March known as "futures" are affected wlth a public interest; • '" .. ~nd sudden or unreasonable fluctuations in the prices thereof 11, 1865, and brigadier and maJor general on March 13 for his serv~ frequently occur as a result of such speculation, manipulation, or ices during the war. In December 1866 he was in command at control, which are detrimental to the producer or the consumer Galveston., Tex.; served as assistant. commissioner of the freed and the persons handling commOdities and products and by man's bureau there until August 1, 1867, and after being mustered products thereof in interstate commerce~ and that such fluctua out of the Volunteer service was made colonel of the Thirty-fifth tions in prices are an obstruction to and a burden upon inter Infantry, September 15, 1867. state commerce in commodities and the products and byproducts Mr. Speaker and my colleagues, all of us are faced with thereof and render regulation imperative for the protection of trying decisions on many legislative fronts. All of us have such commerce and the national public interest therein. every available minute occupied, yet I would feel that I had This act was not passed by economists-it was sponsored failed in my duty to a sport and an industry that has done by the producers and their representatives. The main pur-. much for America did I not o:ff.er this humble effort to the pose of the act so far as the producers were concerned, was celebration. May I say that I could not even do this were it to limit speculative short selling, particularly in the grain not for the able assistance of Steve Hannigan, of the base-: and eotton exchanges. The producers thought that the ball centennial commission, whose suggestions and material gamblers in the board of trade at Chicago had taken about have been both invaluable. enough money out of the producers' pockets. I cannot close without pointing out to my colleagues that • To my surprise and to the surprise of thousands of others, there is certainly one man in this House who knows baseball this act, as administered by the Commodity Exchange Com history from the enfilading eighties to these dying thirties mission, has not only failed to stop speculative short selling, one who touched shoulders with the immortal monoliths of but has actually condoned and assiSted in its continuation. old Chicago, Anson's Colts, certainly one of the immortal Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? sons of baseball. That man is the dean of our House, the Mr. BURDICK. I yield. Honorable ADOLPH J. SABATH. He saw those herculean giants Mr. MASON. Does not the gentleman from North Da whose deeds grow greater as time expands-the colorful kota believe that Secretary of Agriculture Wallace and the Adrian C. Anson himself, the one and only Mike Kelly, the board of trade in Chicago, with the short sellers that control mighty Williamson, and the others; a team that Billy Sunday that board, have depressed farm prices to such an extent said could whip any nine in history-all stars. 1 that all the money they have asked the Congress for to benefit' Thank you. Mr. Speaker and my colleagues. Let us honor the farmers of this Nation has practically been wasted; and all of them in this celebration, but, above all, let us com did we not believe when we passed the Commodity Exchange memorate the American spirit of baseball, our national game. Act that we had stopped that pernicious action? [Applause.] . Mr. BURDICK. I will try to answer that, because it is a GRAIN FUTURES double-barreled question; but in the main I will say the gen The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the special order of tleman is correct. As to the result that foJiowed, I think I. the House, the gentleman from North Dakota [Mr. BuRDICK} will come to that in just a short time. It will answer the is recognized for 20 minutes. gentleman's question. LXXXIV-69 1090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 In 1937 to 1938, of the total sales of wheat in Chicago only Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Did I understand the gen fifteen one-hundredths of 1 percent resulted in the deliv tleman to say that the Secretary of Agriculture condones ery of actual wheat; in the period from 1938 to the present speculative short selling on the board of trade in Chicago? time only eleven one-hundredths of 1 percent of total sales Mr. BURDICK. Yes. have resulted in the delivery of actual wheat. In other Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? words, 99.89 percent of the sales transactions have been the Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from New York. sales of future contracts in all of which there was absolutely Mr. CULKIN. Can the gentleman tell us who financed no intention of making delivery. the article that this public officer wrote? It must be remembered that there are two markets on the Mr. BURDICK. I do not know. board of trade in Chicago, and in other exchanges, a cash Mr. CULKIN. Might I call the gentleman's attention to market and a futures market. Another point to remember is the fact that to his knowledge I made a rather cursory in that during the last 3 days of each option period, whether it vestigation of the conditions he now complains of, and it be May or December, there is no futures market. appeared from my investigation, from expert opinion, that . The real injury to the producer in a futures market arises the grain farmers were losing $300,000,000 a year by reason from the fact that the futures market is always fixed by the of the Chicago wheat gamblers. world price, or the London price, less transportation of our Mr. BURDICK. I think the amount is much larger than grain and cotton to London. This fixes a price beyond that. which our American prices cannot go, and we are today just Mr. CULKIN. And because of the subsequent failure of as we were in the days of the Revolution, dominated by Eng the Department of Agriculture to enforce the law that this: land in the price structure of our staple crops. Congress put on the books. If there be anyone in the House who can support the Mr. BURDICK. Let me read what this employee says in proposition of having England determine what prices we the Tilinois Law Review: shall receive for our products, I wish he would rise in his Actually very few of the contracts are intended to be settled by 9.elivery, and so would be considered as gambling contracts, and place and state his position. hence invalid if they were brought before the courts. The Agricultural Department knows all about these "fu tures" transactions, and it cannot plead ignorance. They He goes on in this article to say that while those trans have an office within a stone's throw of La Salle Street, and actions are gambling and did not have the consent of the a representative of this Department sits in at the board courts when they were brought before them, that he believes meetings of the board of trade. While he does not vote, he that Congress should pass a law making it lawful to carry at least has full information about all of the transactions on these gambling contracts; and this same Mr. Irwin, before going on there. Does the Secretary of Agriculture not know he published this article, had the consent of Dr. Duval. that 99.89 percent of all sales are "futures"? Does he not Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? know that in permitting these transactions that the price of Mr. BURDICK. Yes. grain is kept down by a London program? Mr. GIFFORD. Did not that article explain fully that the Furthermore, Dr. Duvel is Chief of the Commodities Ex lack of such buying created such a thin market that the result change Administration, and one H. S. Irwin is in the employ would be worse than if they did not do it? of the Administration. Mr. Irwin wrote an article pub Mr. BURDICK. I will come to that. lished in the Illinois Law Review in 1937, claiming, in sub Mr. GIFFORD. Did not that article say that? stance, that the futures market was a good thing for the Mr. BURDICK. Yes. producers and showed the advantages of this sort of mar Mr. GIFFORD. And is the gentleman going to explain to ket. This article had the approval of this Chief of this same the House the practice of hedging? Does hedging come under Commodities Exchange Administration, and after being pub that? Has not anyone buying $1,000,000 of something the lished was distributed from the headquarters of the Com right to hedge to protect himself, although the goods are modities Administration's office here in Washington. If never actually transferred? these facts are true, and they are, do you not see the neces Mr. BURDICK. Let us understand a little something sity of having an investigation as provided for in my about hedging. When you have 10,000 bushels of wheat resolution? yourself that you have bought and paid for, that is not Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? gambling because you can deliver the wheat, but I am talk Mr. BlmDICK. I yield. ing about the shoemaker who goes in the wheat pit and sells Mr. KNUTSON. How can anyone connected with the 10,000 bushels of wheat that he never had and never intends :pepartment of Agriculture claim that short selling, where no to have. physical exchange takes place, helps prices? Mr. GIFFORD. The practice of hedging is very interest Mr. BURDICK. It cannot be done. ing to us. Do not do anything here that will disturb that practice if you do not want to disturb business. ·If you buy Mr. KNUTSON. Is not the present low price of grain and cotton due, in a measure, to the short selling, which is clearly 10,000 bushels of wheat and agree to sell at a definite price if it should be offered, you protect yourself even if you sell a violation of the act? at a lower price because you can afford to lose, for you can Mr. BURDICK. It is due in large measure to that. buy back at the low price. Does the gentleman mean to say _ Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman that the practice of hedging is not a good thing? yield? Mr. BURDICK. No. I would say that is a gambling Mr. BURDICK. I yield. transaction that is very detrimental. Mr. REES of Kansas. I thought we passed an act known Mr. GIFFORD. And the gentleman would stop it? as the Commodity Exchange Act, under the terms of which Mr. BURDICK. Oh, yes; and I will show the gentleman short selling was not allowed, and that authority was given why. to the Secretary of Agriculture to prosecute cases of that Mr. GIFFORD. Answer what we shall do about futures. kind. Is that correct? Mr. BURDICK. Unless the gentleman will let me proceed Mr. BURDICK. The Secretary of Agriculture, the Sec and explain what I have in mind that answers his question retary of Commerce, and the Attorney General were con I shall have to refuse to yield, although I dislike to be dis tituted a commission; that is right. courteous to my distinguished friend from Cape Cod. Mr. REES of Kansas. Does the gentleman contend that Mr. GIFFORD. I am so sorry. I am simply a pupil at we continue to have short selling on the market? your feet, sir. Mr. BURDICK. More than we have ever had. Mr. BURDICK. Good, then you will let me answer you. . Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. ·Mr. Speaker, will the On the delivery days, which are the last 3 days of the period, gentleman yield? and, as I have explained to you, there is no futures market- Mr. BURDICK. I yield. you cannot buy any futures the last 3 days of the May period 1939. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1091 or the December period. On those days there is one market mean to say, however, that just because the Department of only-a cash market. Now, then, if the man who had. sold Agriculture may have a man over in the Chicago Board of 100,000 bushels of wheat did not have it when delivery was Trade that the Department of Agriculture therefore controls demanded the last 3 days in the cash market and he had to the actions of that board? go on the cash market and buy the wheat to make delivery, Mr. BURDICK. No; I did not mean to convey that impres no particular damage would be done because the artificial sion. I do not think the gentleman was here when I read the demand created by the buying of this wheat to make -the law. The law that we passed places a duty upon the Com delivery would probably equalize the bad effects of having mission to see that this is not c!one. This Commission con gone in and sold and pounded the price down; but here is sists of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Attorney General, what happens when they get in a jam as they did in 1936: and the Secretary of Commerce, and they in turn have 'Ihe Cargill Elevator Co. was long on corn; that is, they had farmed that out to a Commodities Exchange Administration, purchased com, and the last 3 days of May, the delivery days, of which Mr. Duvall is the head, who approved this article they demanded their com. 'Ihe fellows who sold all this which says that we ought to legalize gambling up there. com would be gambling on the price if they had been com Mr. TALLE. Will the gentleman yield? pelled to walk in on the board of. trade at Chicago and buy Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa. enough com on the cash market to fill their contracts. The Mr. TALLE . . I understand my colleague.in the other body, price of corn then, naturally, would go up; and maybe the Senator GILLETTE, proposes that the short sellers shall put up benefit to the fanner would have been as much as the detri some money in their dealings. I understand at the present ment had been when they sold it. time they can deal in grain on short sales at a margin of 3 Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? cents a bushel. Suppose they deal in a thousand bushels, and Mr. BURDICK. I yield. they can deal in that number of bu$elsL it involves a margin Mr. KNUTSON. All I know about the Cargill case is what of $30. This is more grain than the average p.roducer raises. has appeared in the newspapers; but, as I understand it, the Has the Secretary of Agriculture proposed to do anything Cargill people went into the market to buy corn that they about a situation that permits a man with $30 to deal in as had agreed to sell to someone else-to the trade; and so far much grain as a producer raises? as they were concerned it was a final operation. Mr. BURDICK. Evidently the Secretary of Agriculture Mr. BURDICK. That is right. .and this Commission have not done anything about that, be Mr. KNUTSON. But the gamblers who sold them the corn cause these fictitious sales are larger today than they ever did not have it, had no intention of making delivery when have been in the history of this country. the time came, and, in fact, went to-the Secretary of Agri [Here the gavel fell.J culture and got relief. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. ·BURDICK. The gentleman is approximately correct. that the gentleman may proceed for 5 additional minutes. When these men went out and sold short, and did not have The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the Rny corn, instead of going on a cash market and buying the request of the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. KNuTSON]? corn to make delivery, they went before the board of busi• There was no objection. ness managers of the board of trade in Chicago, where was Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentleman yield? sitting a representative of the Department of Agriculture, and Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. this board passed a resolution exempting them from· delivery Mr. CRAWFORD. With reference to the bill introduced by of any corn. They made a settlement there because they Senator GILLETTE, as I understand the bill, it provides that said it would disturb business. one dealing in futures must put up a minimum of 25 percent Mr. KNUTSON. Will the gentleman yield further? of the value of tlie lot purchased. Now, that takes us into Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. this field: If you buy corporation securities, you buy with the Mr. KNUTSON. What would have happened if the price anticipation of actual, physical delivery of the securities pur~ of corn had gone down below the price that the Cargill people chased. You are going to pay for those goods when delivered. agreed to pay? Therefore it is reasonable to talk about a margin of 25, 40, or Mr. BURDICK. 'Ihen the fellows who had sold it· could 60 percent, we will say, but if we are to permit exchange buy in cheap corn and would have made a lot of money. transactions, either hedging, or buying or selling in any way Mr. KNUTSON. They would have made delivery then? whatsoever, it seems to me about the quickest way in the Mr. BURDICK. Certainly. world to drive all of these hedging operators out of the market Mr. KNUTSON. As it turned out, the Department of is to say they must put up 25 percent of the purchase price Agriculture stepped in and saved the gamblers up there in of the lot dealt in, because if that applied on corn, that com the short selling of something that had the effect of depress modity operator will go to some commodity which is not ing the price nearly 20 cents per bushel? regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act. Mr. BURDICK. That is right. I want to say that the Mr. BURDICK. The purpose of the law that we passed in Department of Agriculture cannot plead ignorance, because 1936 and amended in 1938 was to stop the very transactions it knows exactly what is going on there with one of its the gentleman has in mind. representatives sitting in at these business meetings. I say Mr. CRAWFORD. Why should we deal with the Gillette that the purposes of the law that we passed here in 1936 and proposition at all? amended in 1938, as you and I understood the matter when Mr. BURDICK. I am not talking about the Gillette pro it was passed, are not being properly administered by the posal. I am talking about the conditions that now exist. administration now in control, and these gambling trans Mr. CRAWFORD. May I ask the gentleman this question actions which always depress prices are going on now stronger in order to clear up in my own mind his presentation? Does than ever before. the gentleman object to any and every kind of transaction I am not seeking to revolutionize anything. All I am on the commodity exchange? asking, I may, say to my friend from Massachusetts, is that Mr. BURDICK. I object to every transaction of any kind a committee be appointed to ·study these facts and within 3 in the futures market. months report the matter to the House. There cannot be Mr. CRAWFORD. All right. Suppose I purchased, we anything wrong with information. As far as I am· per will say, a million dollars worth of raw cotton for future sonally concerned, I will vote for any resolution in this House delivery, the finished contract for which has not yet been at any time that will give information to Members of this consummated, and I desire to hedge my purchase of raw body. cotton. Does the gentleman object to that kind of a trans Mr. HOOK. Will the gentleman yield? action? Mr. BURDICK. i yield to the gentleman from Michigan. Mr. BURDICK. No; because you have the exact nwnber of Mr. HOOK. I agree with the gentleman that these gam- pounds of cotton in your possession or in the possession of the bling practices should be abolished. Does the gentleman man from whom you purchased. 1092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Mr. CRAWFORD. That clears up my point, then. producers, that the first ones on the ground to spread gloom Mr. BURDICK. That covers it exactly, over the proposition are the boards of trade of the country. Mr. CRAWFORD. So, when the gentleman refers to gam They have already met here in Washington and condemned bling transactions, he does not mean to refer to the example the plan. Why would they not? Their day of gambling ·I gave above? would be over if any such bill passed. The control of our Mr. BURDICK. I refer to what every court in the United crop-price system by England would be over, and through .states that ever had one of these cases before it has decided. the power of publicity which they can command, the public I carried one of these cases to the supreme court of my own will be so far misled as to what this cost-of-production pro State, in which the purchases were made by men in town who gram means that innocent people will ask for the defeat of never raised any wheat. They received credit at the local the bill. ,elevator for these gambling transactions. When they lost, The worst part of this whole matter, as I see it, is that ~the elevator charged the loss to their accounts. When sued, we clothed the Department of Agriculture, Department of these defendants set up the gambling transactions as a de Commerce, and the Attorney General's office with power to fense, and the court ruled with them. regulate these futures markets, and instead of doing that Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the Chicago Board of Trade. is actually running this Gov . Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from Minne ernment function. At least we can agree on this fact: That sota. today there is more selling of "hot air" in the board of Mr. KNUTSON. There is all the difference in the world .trade in Chicago than at any time in its history, and an between a short sale where the seller does not contemplate employee of the Administration, with the consent of his making delivery and a short sale where the seller has bought Chief, writes the articles and publishes them in support of a commodity .he is going to process and protects himself by what these gamblers are doing. Does not that look as hedging. though the board of trade is actually dictating to this Mr. BURDICK. The real essence of the wrong in futures Government agency? .trading is that the price is determined by the world price, If we have a Government agency that is actually condon whether or not you have a tariff, and in arriving at the in~ and assisting the largest grain gambling outfit in the world price the cost of getting our wheat and cotton to United States in forcing down prices and taking it out of ·London is always deducted. Why can we not have an Amer the pockets of the American producers, the people of this ican market? You had the same thing in the days of the country want to know it. Every day we delay, when the Revolution and rebelled against it, but you do not rebel farmers are selling their products for half of the cost of pro now. duction, is a day which brings the farmers nearer to absolute Mr. LEMKE. Mr: Speaker, will the gentleman yield? ruin. Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentleman from North If I can get no report on this resolution .within the 40-day Dakota. period, I shall file a petition with the Speaker of the House Mr. LEMKE. Is it not a fact that if this Congress should and ask for 218 Members of this House to sign the peti pass the Farmers' Non-Partisan League cost-of-production tion and bring the resolution out for full discussion. bill such gambling would be stopped almost entirely? We have never been able to control these grain exchanges, Mr. BURDICK. Yes; and I may state to my colleague but it seems to me, with distress and want all around us, that is the reason the boards of trade are meeting here in that it should be obvious to all who represent the people in Washington right now and opposing the gentleman's bill. this, the greatest deliberative body on earth, that the wrongs Mr. LEMKE. And they are doing so mostly by the invi that we know are wrongs should be righted. Why should tation of the Secretary of Agriculture, wbo is fighting this we sit here and let a few men prosper with the accumulation kind of legislation and has been fighting it every .since the of useless wealth while the many who toil must lose their .gentleman and I have been Members of Congress. homes and become objects of private or public charity? This . Mr. BURDICK. Yes, and they have the public believing Government will never go down through anything our the cqst of living would go up 80 percent if this bill were enemies from without can do, but we have much more to passed. Thousands will believe their propaganda. fear from our enemies within. The Board of Trade of The old stock argument is that when one sells futures Chicago has always been and now is not only an enemy and the time for delivery arrives, he must fulfill the contract of the producers, but an enemy of the Government of the and buy back what he has sold. In this buying back it is United States. The result of their practices is more ruin argued that this has a tendency to raise the price as it ous to the welfare of this Nation than any damage that .creates an artificial demand. But let us see what happens, could be infiicted by the combined :fleets of the world. and let us see what the Department of Agriculture condones .[Applause.] in their administration of this act. [Here the gavel fell.] Let me cite to you a concrete case. In December 1936 the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Cargill Elevator Co. held an extensive long position on corn. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to In other words, they had purchased futures and when the extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a delivery time arrived Cargill demanded the corn. If those radio address delivered by myself. who had sold short were compelled to go to the cash The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the market and buy corn to fulfill this futures contract two request of the gentleman from Texas? things would have happened: First, the price of corn would There was no objection. have gone up, probably as much as it went down on these heavy purchases months before. Second, those who had PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE sold short and had to make good would have lost heavily in Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to their gambling transaction. When the delivery day arrived, address the House for 10 minutes at this time. lo! and behold, the board of trade at Chicago, with the con The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the sent and approval of the Commodities Exchange Administra request of the gentleman from Michigan? tion, issued an order relieving the shorts from the obliga There was no objection. tion to buy in the cash market, and thus they avoided the Mr. HOOK. Mr: Speaker, my attention was called to an losses that were due them under this gambling transaction. incident which happened in my district and which is happen They were permitted to settle in cash, not for the full amount ing in many parts of the country at this time. An agree of their loss, but at a figure arbitrarily fixed by the board of ment was reached between the timber workers of that region trade. and the management in the matter of wages and working The Chicago Board of Trade has always been an enemy conditions, and both parties have signed on the line to uphold of the farmers and it is interesting to note that now since that agreement. there is favorable reaction· here among the Members of Con On the face of it that may not sound important. But to gress to put over a coot-of-production ·program for the JllY mind it is orie of the mainstays of our democracy. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1093 As far back as June 1925, Mr. Marcus M. Marks who was From that it will be seen that 1,460,795 workers and 2,319 then president of the Borough of Manhattan, writ~g for the employers were assisted during the year in ironing out their Monthly Labor Review, which is published by the Department disputes. of Labor, had this to say in regard to the labor situation at In addition to the above, 1,912 other situations were suc that time: cessfully brought to an end which includes arbitration mat The labo~ problem should be thought out, not fought out. It 1s ters, conferences, and complaints of every description. just as futile to fight out an industrial dispute as to fight a duel· Included in the foregoing the Conciliation Service was neither struggle proves anything of real value; equity and justic~ directly responsible for having averted 339 strikes involving are not necessarily achieved by the victory. The true end can best be secured not by brute strength, but by fair balancing of 230,565 workers through mediation. the conflicting claims. The main causes of strikes and lockouts In the fiscal year mentioned above there was an increase and practical methods ·for their prevention or settlement may well of 59.4 percent in cases · handled over the previous year. be made the subject of serious study by men and women who realize what great losses may thus be avoided by proper under That increase, it is believed, was due to labor having been standing and treatment. given the right to organize for the purpose of collective bar gaining as provided for in the Wagner Labor Disputes Act. : To my mind Mr. Marks has stated in a few ·words what is Of the 2,319 labor disputes disposed of by the Conciliation one of the fundamentals of democracy, and if the time ever Service 90 percent were terminated on a basis that was comes when management and labor cannot sit down around mutually satisfactory to labor and management. Also 95 the conference table and talk over their differences and percent of the 4,231 situations referred to the Conciliation come to some mutual agreement and understanding, then · Service, Department of Labor,· were disposed of in a manner democracy shall have come to an end. It is commonly argued by. some that the labor unions of satisfactory to all parties interested. this country are driving a wedge between the worker and The worker today is not the same kind of an individual as the employer and thus creating class consciousness. On he was 25 years ago. With the radio at his service and with looking further into that assertion, it occurred to me that the automobile to transport him from place to place, the just the opposite was true and instead of creating a class worker is more enlightened today than he ever was. For that consciousness or class hatred men are meeting and discussing reason he is aware of what is happening in other plants and their problems around the conference table, which brings for that reason is demanding the same standards of living he them closer together and puts them on an equal basis. sees elsewhere. It stands to reason, therefore, that labor dis The outposts of democracy in the world today are France putes will be on the increase. and may we always handle them and England. In those two countries the conference table in a democratic manner. The Conciliation Service, United is still in use. The labor unions of those countries and their States Department of Labor, and the various State boards of democratic methods for obtaining their goals is one of the mediation provide that means. main obstacles to the advance of dictatorship, be it Nazi, May I add that the Conciliation Service of the Department Fascist, or Communist. And to those who would deny that of Labor lent a grand hand in settling without bloodshed the right to labor I only want to point out to you that where ' great sit-down strikes in the State of Michigan? [Applause.] labor is not free neither do you have free capital, nor free [Here the gavel fell.J speech, nor freedom of worship. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent It is- true that labor, during ·the past few years, has not that on tomorrow, after the disposition of the business on the always been the model child. But in view of what has hap Speaker's desk and at the conclusion of the legislative pro pened in this Nation during that time, labor as a whole has gram of the day and any special orders heretofore entered, I carried on admirably. Labor has taken it on the chin during may be permitted to address the House for 20 minutes. the past 9 years and no one can say otherwise. It is only The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re a wonder to me that greater violence has not taken place quest of the gentleman from Michigan? than actually happened. There was no objection. There comes to my mind that possibly the prevention of LEAVE OF ABSENCE more violence than has existed can be attributed to an By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as agency making its good offices available to labor and man follows: agement for the settlement of their industrial disputes. This To Mr. MILLER (at the request of Mr. MARTIN of Massachu- agency to which I refer is the United States Conciliation setts) , for 3 days on account of illness. · Service. Many of you will recall that one of the last acts To Mr. GREGORY, indefinitely, on account of illness in family. of President Taft before turning over his office .to President ADJOURNMENT Wilson was to sign the act creating the Department of Labor. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House Section 8 of that act gave the Secretary of Labor authority do now adjourn. to appoint commissioners of conciliation in the interest of The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 3 o'clock and 2 industrial peace. That Service has been quietly carrying on minutes p.m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, the work on the basis of getting labor and management to February 3, 1939, at 12 o'clock noon. sit down together and, with the advice and counsel of a commissioner of conciliation, to calmly talk over their prob COMMITTEE HEARINGS lems. The work of that agency which I have had an op COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE portunity of looking into has produced more harmonious labor relations than any other branch of Government. There will be a meeting of the Committee on Interstate and In addition to promoting these relationships between em Foreign Commerce at 10 a. m. Friday, February 3, 1939. ployer and employee, it has worked with the various State Business to be considered: Continuation of hearing on H. R. boards of mediation-which included such States as Penn 2531-transportation bill. Mr. George M. Harrison, of the sylvania, Massachusetts, New York, Wisconsin. Numerous President's committee of six, will be the first witness, and at others are contemplating the creation of such a service pat the conclusion of his statements Mr. R. V. Fletcher, of the terned along our National Service. Such types of labor leg American Association of Railroads, will be heard. islation cannot receive too much support. COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS In talking of these matters, I think it opportune that I There will be a meeting of the Naval Affairs Committee of tell you that during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938, the House of Representatives on Friday, February 3, 1939, at the Conciliation Service was involved in 2,319 labor disputes 10:30 a. m. for the purpose of continuing the consideration of various nature. Of that number 1,262 were strikes in of H. R. 2880, "To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to pro volving 777,735 workers; 422 threatened strikes involving ceed with the construction of certain public works, and for 271,629 workers; 85 were lockouts involving 33,363 workers; other purposes," carrying out partially the recommendations and 550 were co;ntroversies inyolving 378,069 workers. of-the Hepburn report. 1094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS A bill