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Geological Survey of Alabama

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Geological Survey of Alabama ASSESSMENT OF AQUIFER RECHARGE, GROUND-WATER PRODUCTION IMPACTS, AND FUTURE GROUND-WATER DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST ALABAMA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMA Berry H. Tew, Jr. State Geologist ASSESSMENT OF AQUIFER RECHARGE, GROUND-WATER PRODUCTION IMPACTS, AND FUTURE GROUND-WATER DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST ALABAMA A REPORT TO THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE, PEA, AND YELLOW RIVERS WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY OPEN FILE REPORT 0803 By Marlon R. Cook, Stephen P. Jennings, and Neil E. Moss Submitted in partial fulfillment of a contract with the Choctawhatchee, Pea and Yellow Rivers Watershed Management Authority Tuscaloosa, Alabama 2007 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................. 1 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................................ 3 Scope of study and methods ............................................................................................ 3 Gordo aquifer................................................................................................................... 8 Ripley/Cusseta aquifer..................................................................................................... 8 Clayton and Salt Mountain aquifers ................................................................................ 9 Nanafalia aquifer.............................................................................................................. 10 Tallahatta aquifer ............................................................................................................. 10 Recharge ................................................................................................................................ 11 Ground-water production....................................................................................................... 14 Water use and demand..................................................................................................... 14 Ground-water drawdown ....................................................................................................... 15 Hydrographs..................................................................................................................... 15 Potentiometric surfaces.......................................................................................................... 24 Well capture zones................................................................................................................. 25 Gordo aquifer................................................................................................................... 28 Ripley/Cusseta aquifer..................................................................................................... 28 Clayton and Salt Mountain aquifers ................................................................................ 29 Nanafalia aquifer.............................................................................................................. 30 Tuscahoma aquifer........................................................................................................... 31 Tallahatta aquifer ............................................................................................................. 31 Lisbon aquifer .................................................................................................................. 32 Crystal River aquifer........................................................................................................ 32 Conclusions and recommendations........................................................................................ 34 Gordo aquifer................................................................................................................... 34 Ripley/Cusseta aquifer..................................................................................................... 35 Clayton and Salt Mountain aquifers ................................................................................ 35 Nanafalia aquifer.............................................................................................................. 36 Crystal River aquifer........................................................................................................ 36 ii References cited..................................................................................................................... 37 Illustrations Figure 1. Index map showing area of study ........................................................................ 2 Figure 2. General geologic map of southeast Alabama....................................................... 4 Figure 3. Generalized stratigraphy of southeast Alabama .................................................. 5 Figure 4. Geophysical well logs illustrating method for determining net sand thickness............................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5. Ground-water flow systems showing the movement of shallow and deep recharge ....................................................................................................... 12 Figure 6. Southeast Alabama aquifer recharge areas and stream flow data sites used to calculate recharge rates............................................................................ 13 Figure 7. Hydrograph of city of Troy Gordo aquifer well R-01, Pike County, Alabama ............................................................................................................... 17 Figure 8. Hydrograph of State of Alabama Department of Transportation Eutaw aquifer well F-1, Bullock County, Alabama........................................................ 17 Figure 9. Hydrograph of Ozark Utilities Board Ripley aquifer well F-17, Dale County, Alabama ................................................................................................. 18 Figure 10. Hydrograph of city of Luverne Ripley aquifer well L-5, Crenshaw County, Alabama ................................................................................................. 18 Figure 11. Hydrograph of Dothan Utilities Clayton aquifer well P-7, Dale County, Alabama ............................................................................................................... 20 Figure 12. Hydrograph of city of Elba Clayton aquifer well K-4, Coffee County, Alabama ............................................................................................................... 20 Figure 13. Hydrograph of city of Enterprise Salt Mountain aquifer well Q-4, Coffee County, Alabama ..................................................................................... 21 Figure 14. Hydrograph of Dothan Utilities Nanafalia aquifer well J-3, Houston County, Alabama ................................................................................................. 21 Figure 15. Hydrograph of Nanafalia aquifer well F-1, Coffee County, Alabama ................ 22 Figure 16. Hydrograph of Fort Rucker Nanafalia aquifer well G-02, Dale County, Alabama ............................................................................................................... 22 iii Figure 17. Hydrograph of Crystal River aquifer irrigation well X-2, Houston County, Alabama ................................................................................................. 23 Figure 18. Diagram depicting drawdown and potentiometric surfaces prior to and after pumping in a confined aquifer..................................................................... 24 Figure 19. Capture zone for city of Dothan well 20.............................................................. 26 Tables Table 1. Recharge areas and estimates of recharge for selected aquifers in southeast Alabama ............................................................................................... 14 Table 2. Water use and estimated future water demand in southeast Alabama................. 15 Table 3. Ground-water level and flow data for southeast Alabama aquifers..................... 33 Table 4. Well capture zone and spacing data for southeast Alabama aquifers.................. 34 Plates Plate 1. Gordo aquifer net sand isopach map Plate 2. Ripley/Cusseta aquifer net sand isopach map Plate 3. Clayton aquifer net sand/limestone isopach map Plate 4. Salt Mountain aquifer net sand/limestone isopach map Plate 5. Nanafalia aquifer net sand isopach map Plate 6. Tallahatta aquifer net sand isopach map Plate 7. Potentiometric surface for the Gordo aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 8. Residual drawdown in selected wells constructed in the Gordo aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 9. Potentiometric surface for the Ripley/Cusseta aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 10. Residual drawdown in selected wells constructed in the Ripley/Cusseta aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 11. Potentiometric surface for the Clayton and Salt Mountain aquifers, southeast Alabama Plate 12. Residual drawdown in selected wells constructed in the Clayton and Salt Mountain aquifers, southeast Alabama Plate 13. Potentiometric surface for the Nanafalia aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 14. Residual drawdown in selected wells constructed in the Nanafalia aquifer, southeast Alabama iv Plate 15. Potentiometric surface for the Tuscahoma aquifer, southeast Alabama Plate 16. Residual
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