2016 State of the Interconnection
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Planning Transmission for Uncertainty
WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL Planning Transmission for Uncertainty: Applications and Lessons for the Western Interconnection FINAL REPORT JANUARY 2016 Jonathan L. Ho, Benjamin F. Hobbs, Pearl Donohoo‐Vallett, Qingyu Xu, Saamrat Kasina, Sang Woo Park, and Yueying Ouyang Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering Environment, Energy, Sustainability & Health Institute The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD Report Prepared for The Western Electricity Coordinating Council Acknowledgement This material is based upon work supported by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability through a contract man‐ aged by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The project team would like to thank Vijay Satyal, Gary Simonson, Michael Bailey, and Keenan Moyer of WECC and Joseph Eto of LBNL for their support and advice during this project. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the members of the Technical Advisory Committee whose advice was invaluable in development of the study cases. We also thank Yujia Zhu and Prof. Daniel Tylavsky of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University for access to their software for power network reduction and the advice they provided on its use. Jim McCalley contributed to an earlier ver‐ sion of the literature survey in Section 2. However, the authors are solely responsible for any opinions or errors in this document. All authors performed this work when associated with Johns Hopkins University. Jonathan Ho is now with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Pearl Donohoo‐Vallett is with Brattle Consultants, and Yueying Ouyang is with Energy & Environmental Economics (E3) Consultants. -
Advanced Transmission Technologies
Advanced Transmission Technologies December 2020 United States Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 Executive Summary The high-voltage transmission electric grid is a complex, interconnected, and interdependent system that is responsible for providing safe, reliable, and cost-effective electricity to customers. In the United States, the transmission system is comprised of three distinct power grids, or “interconnections”: the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection, and a smaller grid containing most of Texas. The three systems have weak ties between them to act as power transfers, but they largely rely on independent systems to remain stable and reliable. Along with aged assets, primarily from the 1960s and 1970s, the electric power system is evolving, from consisting of predominantly reliable, dependable, and variable-output generation sources (e.g., coal, natural gas, and hydroelectric) to increasing percentages of climate- and weather- dependent intermittent power generation sources (e.g., wind and solar). All of these generation sources rely heavily on high-voltage transmission lines, substations, and the distribution grid to bring electric power to the customers. The original vertically-integrated system design was simple, following the path of generation to transmission to distribution to customer. The centralized control paradigm in which generation is dispatched to serve variable customer demands is being challenged with greater deployment of distributed energy resources (at both the transmission and distribution level), which may not follow the traditional path mentioned above. This means an electricity customer today could be a generation source tomorrow if wind or solar assets were on their privately-owned property. The fact that customers can now be power sources means that they do not have to wholly rely on their utility to serve their needs and they could sell power back to the utility. -
2020 State of Reliability an Assessment of 2019 Bulk Power System Performance
2020 State of Reliability An Assessment of 2019 Bulk Power System Performance July 2020 Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................... iv About This Report ........................................................................................................................................................... v Development Process .................................................................................................................................................. v Primary Data Sources .................................................................................................................................................. v Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic .................................................................................................................................. v Reading this Report .................................................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... viii Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................................ ix Recommendations...................................................................................................................................................... -
Small Vulnerable Sets Determine Large Network Cascades in Power Grids
Article Summary — followed by the full article on p. 4 Small vulnerable sets determine large network cascades in power grids Yang Yang,1 Takashi Nishikawa,1;2;∗ Adilson E. Motter1;2 Science 358, eaan3184 (2017), DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3184 Animated summary: http://youtu.be/c9n0vQuS2O4 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA 2Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA ∗Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Cascading failures in power grids are inherently network processes, inwhich an initially small perturbation leads to a sequence of failures that spread through the connections between sys- tem components. An unresolved problem in preventing major blackouts has been to distinguish disturbances that cause large cascades from seemingly identical ones that have only mild ef- fects. Modeling and analyzing such processes are challenging when the system is large and its operating condition varies widely across different years, seasons, and power demand levels. Multicondition analysis of cascade vulnerability is needed to answer several key questions: Un- der what conditions would an initial disturbance remain localized rather than cascade through the network? Which network components are most vulnerable to failures across various con- ditions? What is the role of the network structure in determining component vulnerability and cascade sizes? To address these questions and differentiate cascading-causing disturbances, we formulated an electrical-circuit network representation of the U.S.-South Canada power grid—a large-scale network with more than 100,000 transmission lines—for a wide range of operating conditions. We simulated cascades in this system by means of a dynamical model that accounts arXiv:1804.06432v1 [physics.soc-ph] 17 Apr 2018 for transmission line failures due to overloads and the resulting power flow reconfigurations. -
Eastern Interconnection
1/31/2020 Eastern Interconnection - Wikipedia Eastern Interconnection The Eastern Interconnection is one of the two major alternating-current (AC) electrical grids in the continental U.S. power transmission grid. The other major interconnection is the Western Interconnection. The three minor interconnections are the Quebec, Alaska, and Texas interconnections. All of the electric utilities in the Eastern Interconnection are electrically tied together during normal system conditions and operate at a synchronized frequency at an average of 60 Hz. The Eastern Interconnection reaches from Central Canada The two major and three minor NERC eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), interconnections, and the nine NERC Regional south to Florida, and back west to the foot of the Reliability Councils. Rockies (excluding most of Texas). Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side. The Eastern Interconnection is tied to the Western Interconnection with six DC ties, to the Texas Interconnection with two DC ties, and to the Quebec Interconnection with four DC ties and a VFT. The electric power transmission grid of the contiguous United States consists of In 2016, National Renewable Energy Laboratory simulated a 120,000 miles (190,000 km) of lines year with 30% renewable energy (wind and solar power) in 5- operated -
Effect of High-Temperature Superconducting Power Technologies on Reliability, Power Transfer Capacity, and Energy Use
STRENGTHENING THE GRID Effect of High-Temperature Superconducting Power Technologies on Reliability, Power Transfer Capacity, and Energy Use Richard Silberglitt Emile Ettedgui Anders Hove Science and Technology Policy Institute R Prepared for the Department of Energy The research described in this report was conducted by RAND’s Science and Technology Policy Institute for the Department of Energy under contract ENG- 9812731. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Silberglitt, R. S. (Richard S.) Strengthening the grid : effect of high temperature superconducting (HTS) power technologies on reliability, power transfer capacity, and energy use / Richard Silberglitt, Emile Ettedgui, and Anders Hove. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1531.” ISBN 0-8330-3173-2 1. Electric power systems—Materials. 2. Electric power systems—Reliability. 3. High temperature superconductors. I. Ettedgui, Emile. II. Hove, Anders. III.Title. TK1005 .S496 2002 621.31—dc21 2002021398 RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s pub- lications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover illustration by Stephen Bloodsworth © Copyright 2002 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2002 by RAND 1700 Main Street, -
FERC Issues Report on Frequency Control Requirements for Reliable
LBNL-2001103 Frequency Control Requirements for Reliable Interconnection Frequency Response Authors: Joseph H. Eto,1 John Undrill,2 Ciaran Roberts,1 Peter Mackin,3 and Jeffrey Ellis3 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2 John Undrill, LLC. 3 Utility Systems Efficiencies, Inc. Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory February 2018 This work was supported by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Electric Reliability, under interagency Agreement #FERC-16-I-0105, and in accordance with the terms of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’ Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. -
2014 Summer Reliability Assessment
2014 Summer Reliability Assessment May 2014 NERC | Summer Reliability Assessment | 2013 i of 45 Preface NERC is an international regulatory authority established to evaluate and improve the reliability of the bulk power system (BPS) in North America. NERC develops and enforces Reliability Standards; annually assesses seasonal and long-term (10- year) reliability; monitors the BPS through system awareness; and educates, trains, and certifies industry personnel. NERC is the electric reliability organization (ERO) for North America, subject to oversight by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and governmental authorities in Canada.1 NERC Reliability Standards are the planning and operating rules that electric utilities follow to support and maintain a reliable electric system. These standards are developed by industry using a balanced, open, fair, and inclusive process accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While NERC does not have authority to set Reliability Standards for resource adequacy (e.g., reserve margin criteria) or to order the construction of resources or transmission, NERC can independently assess where reliability issues may arise and identify emerging risks. This information, along with NERC recommendations, is then available to policy makers and federal, state, and provincial regulators to support decision making within the electricity sector. NERC prepared the following assessment in accordance with the Energy Policy Act of 2005, in which the U.S. Congress directed NERC to conduct -
MRM April 2021
APRIL 2021 “Spring is proof that there is beauty in new beginnings.” -Matshona Dhliwayo MIDWEST RELIABILITY MATTERS Inside This Issue CEO MESSAGE 3 CEO Message 6 Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Program 16 Registration, Certification and Standards 18 Bulk Power System Reliability 27 External and Regulatory Affairs 28 Security Corner 36 Strategic and Financial Update 38 Industry News and Events DISCLAIMER MRO is committed to providing non-binding guidance to industry stakeholders on important industry topics. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from MRO’s organizational groups have authored some of the articles in this publication, and the views expressed in these articles are the SMEs and do not represent the opinions and views of MRO. Midwest Reliability Matters - April 2021 CEO MESSAGE Ushering in Spring The season of change and revitalization I recently read a poem by Laura Kelly Fanucci that resonates with me. It articulates the resilience we have collectively experienced over the past year and hope for what the future will bring. May we never again take for granted When this ends, A handshake with a stranger May we find Full shelves at the store That we have become Conversations with neighbors More like the people A crowded theater We wanted to be Friday night out We were called to be The taste of communion We hoped to be A routine checkup And may we stay A school rush each morning That way—better Coffee with a friend For each other The stadium roaring Because of the worst Each deep breath A boring Tuesday -Laura Kelly Fanucci Life itself. 3 CEO MESSAGE It’s hard to believe that more than a year ago we first responded to the global COVID-19 pandemic— prioritizing the health and safety of MRO staff and the continuity of operations—while at the same time providing regulatory relief to allow industry to do the same. -
Annual U.S. Transmission Data Review
Annual U.S. Transmission Data Review March 2018 United States Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 Annual U.S. Transmission Data Review March 2018 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Technical support was coordinated by Joseph Eto, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), with additional research and support provided by Kristina Hamachi LaCommare and Dana Robson (LBNL). Readers who have questions, comments, or suggestions for future reports in this series should send them to [email protected]. Data for this publication was sourced from documents available as of publication; in some cases draft documents may have been available, but were not included as they were not finalized at the time of this publication. All reference URLs were accurate as of November, 2017. Comments on a draft of this report were provided by: · California ISO (CAISO) · Eastern Interconnection Planning Committee (EIPC) · Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) · ISO New England (ISO-NE) · Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) · Monitoring Analytics · New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) · North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) · Open Access Technology International (OATI) · PJM Interconnection (PJM) · Potomac Economics · Southern Company · Southwest Power Pool (SPP) · U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) · Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Department of Energy | March 2018 Table of Contents -
6 Analysis of Blm's Solar Energy Development
1 6 ANALYSIS OF BLM’S SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES 2 3 4 Through this programmatic environmental impact statement (PEIS), the U.S. Department 5 of the Interior (DOI) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is evaluating three alternatives for 6 managing utility-scale solar energy development on BLM-administered lands in the six-state 7 study area. These alternatives, which are described in Section 2.2, include two action 8 alternatives—a solar energy development program alternative and a solar energy zone (SEZ) 9 program alternative—and a no action alternative. 10 11 Under the action alternatives, the BLM would establish a new Solar Energy Program 12 to replace certain elements of its existing Solar Energy Policies (BLM 2007, 2010a,b; 13 see Appendix A, Section A.1).1 The action alternatives identify lands that would be excluded 14 from utility-scale solar energy development and, on the basis of those exclusions, the lands that 15 would be available for solar right-of-way (ROW) application.2 Both action alternatives also 16 identify SEZs where the agency would prioritize solar energy and associated transmission 17 infrastructure development. Final SEZs would be identified in the Record of Decision (ROD) for 18 the Solar Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS). Under the solar energy 19 development program alternative, the SEZs would constitute a subset of the total lands available 20 (i.e., applications would be accepted within the SEZs and on specific lands outside the SEZs). 21 Under the SEZ program alternative, applications would only be accepted within the SEZs, and 22 no additional lands would be available outside the SEZs. -
2010 Ten-Year Transmission Assessment
Los Angeles Department of Water & Power 2010 Ten-Year Transmission Assessment November 2010 Transmission Planning & Studies Power System Planning & Development Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................5 METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................7 WECC REFERENCE CASE. .......................................................................................................... 7 Table 2. POWER FLOWS ALONG MAJOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS IN THE REFERENCE CASE .......................................................................... 7 ANALYSIS. ................................................................................................................................... 8 CRITERIA..................................................................................................................................... 8 ASSUMPTIONS ...............................................................................................10 LADWP LOADS. ........................................................................................................................ 10 Table 3. COMPARISON OF 1-IN-10 SYSTEM LOADS (MW) ........................................... 10 Table 4. RECEIVING STATION (RS) PEAK LOADS (MW) ............................................... 11 INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS