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Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fossil Resources Rapid City, SD May 2014 Dakoterra Vol. 6:124–147 ARTICLE DESCRIPTION OF AN EARLIEST ORELLAN FAUNA FROM BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK, INTERIOR, SOUTH DAKOTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION OF THE BLOOM BASIN LIMESTONE BED CLINT A. BOYD1 AND ED WELSH2 1Department of Geology and Geologic Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701 U.S.A., [email protected]; 2Division of Resource Management, Badlands National Park, Interior, South Dakota 57750 U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT—Three new vertebrate localities are reported from within the Bloom Basin of the North Unit of Badlands National Park, Interior, South Dakota. These sites were discovered during paleontological surveys and monitoring of the park’s boundary fence construction activities. This report focuses on a new fauna recovered from one of these localities (BADL-LOC-0293) that is designated the Bloom Basin local fauna. This locality is situated approximately three meters below the Bloom Basin limestone bed, a geographically restricted strati- graphic unit only present within the Bloom Basin. Previous researchers have placed the Bloom Basin limestone bed at the contact between the Chadron and Brule formations. Given the unconformity known to occur between these formations in South Dakota, the recovery of a Chadronian (Late Eocene) fauna was expected from this locality. However, detailed collection and examination of fossils from BADL-LOC-0293 reveals an abundance of specimens referable to the characteristic Orellan taxa Hypertragulus calcaratus and Leptomeryx evansi. This fauna also includes new records for the taxa Adjidaumo lophatus and Brachygaulus, a biostratigraphic verifica- tion for the biochronologically ambiguous taxon Megaleptictis, and the possible presence of new leporid and hypertragulid taxa. -
Did Impacts, Volcanic Eruptions, Or Climate Change Affect Mammalian Evolution?
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214 (2004) 283–294 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Did impacts, volcanic eruptions, or climate change affect mammalian evolution? Donald R. Prothero* Department of Geology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA Received 30 June 2003; received in revised form 13 April 2004; accepted 20 April 2004 Abstract In recent years, it has become popular to attribute faunal change and mass extinction to impacts, volcanic eruptions, or climatic change. How well do these supposed causes compare to the excellent record of Cenozoic life, especially that of fossil mammals? Two different Cenozoic mammal diversity curves were compared, and important climatic, volcanic, and impact horizons were examined in detail. In no case is there a strong correlation between impacts, eruptions, or climatic events and any episode of mammalian turnover. On the contrary, most of the known impact, eruption, and climatic events of the Cenozoic occurred during intervals of faunal stability. Conversely, episodes of high turnover and faunal change among Cenozoic mammals correlate with no known extrinsic causes. Apparently, extrinsic environmental factors such as impacts, eruptions, and climate change have a minimal effect, and intrinsic biological factors must be more important. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cenozoic; Mammals; Evolution 1. Introduction events. Specifically, the impacts of the late Eocene were originally blamed for the Eocene–Oligocene Conventional Neo-Darwinian theory has long extinctions (Alvarez et al., 1982; Asaro et al., 1982), argued that species are well adapted to their environ- although later work has not substantiated this (Pro- ment and should respond with adaptation and evolu- thero, 1994). -
An Analysis of Anchitherine Equids Across the Eocene–Oligocene Boundary in the White River Group of the Western Great Plains
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Atmospheric Sciences of 2010 An Analysis of Anchitherine Equids Across the Eocene–Oligocene Boundary in the White River Group of the Western Great Plains David M. Masciale University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss Part of the Geology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Masciale, David M., "An Analysis of Anchitherine Equids Across the Eocene–Oligocene Boundary in the White River Group of the Western Great Plains" (2010). Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 11. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. AN ANALYSIS OF ANCHITHERINE EQUIDS ACROSS THE EOCENE– OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY IN THE WHITE RIVER GROUP OF THE WESTERN GREAT PLAINS by David M. Masciale A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Geosciences Under the Supervision of Professors Ross Secord and Robert M. Hunt, Jr. Lincoln, NE April, 2010 AN ANALYSIS OF ANCHITHERINE EQUIDS ACROSS THE EOCENE– OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY IN THE WHITE RIVER GROUP OF THE WESTERN GREAT PLAINS David M. Masciale, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisers: Ross Secord and Robert M. -
Changes in Mammalian Abundance Through the Eocene-Oligocene
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Sciences Summer 7-30-2019 Changes in Mammalian Abundance Through the Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition in the White River Group of Nebraska, USA Robert Gillham University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss Part of the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Gillham, Robert, "Changes in Mammalian Abundance Through the Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition in the White River Group of Nebraska, USA" (2019). Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 120. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/120 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Changes in Mammalian Abundance Through the Eocene- Oligocene Climate Transition in the White River Group of Nebraska, USA By Robert B. Gillham A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Geosciences Under the Supervision of Professor Ross Secord Lincoln, NE August, 2019 Changes in Mammalian Abundance Through the Eocene- Oligocene Climate Transition in the White River Group of Nebraska, USA Robert B. Gillham M.S. University of Nebraska, 2019 Advisor: Ross Secord Marine records show major cooling during the Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition (EOCT). -
Fossil Catalog #29
GEOLOGICAL ENTERPRISES P.O. BOX 996 -- ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA 73402 USA phone 580-223-8537 fax 580-223-6965 email [email protected] website WWW.GEOLOGICALENTERPRISES.COM FOSSIL CATALOG #29 GEOLOGICAL ENTERPRISES, INC. P.O. BOX 996 ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA U.S.A. 73402 Phone 580-223-8537 Fax 580-223-6965 email [email protected] VISIT US ON THE WEB @ www.geologicalenterprises.com PLEASE TAKE CARE OF THIS CATALOG: Due to the high costs of printing and mailing, we will only issue a new catalog periodically. We literally send out thousands of these to Universities worldwide at no charge. These catalogs are used by Professors and students, for reference, and in some cases, as text books. We will continue to issue our yearly bulletin, which will contain additions to this catalog. We pledge to keep the quality of the specimens listed here as high as possible. We attempt to secure the finest available specimens at all times. Complete geological data accompanies all specimens. TERMS: We accept VISA, MasterCard, Discover Card, Personal or Company Checks, Money Orders and Pay Pal. (Please use our regular email address [email protected] for PayPal) To recognized educational and corporate institutions, our terms are Net-30 days. All other orders should be prepaid. We accept only checks drawn on U.S. Banks. Wire transfers are also acceptable. Please be aware Wire transfers may incur a fee. All prices are F.O.B. Ardmore, Oklahoma. Please allow for postage(5% is usually sufficient. $8.00 minimum). Overpayments will be promptly refunded. WEBSITE: Our Catalog is also available on our website in color! It’s truly beautiful. -
A Taxonomic and Geologic Study on the History of the Extinct Oreodonts, Based on the Fossils of the University Museum in Utrecht
A taxonomic and geologic study on the history of the extinct oreodonts, based on the fossils of the University Museum in Utrecht Master’s thesis Biogeology, Universiteit Utrecht. Linda Gilein, 3657272 Supervisors: Dr. Wilma Wessels and Prof. Dr. Jelle Reumer Abstract Fossil skulls of oreodonts, family Merycoidodontidae (Artiodactyla), from the White River Badlands (USA) in the collection of the University Museum in Utrecht were bought late in the twentieth century by Professor Wichmann (UU). The oreodonts, now identified on species level, must have been collected from Oligocene and Eocene layers from the White River Badlands. The fossils range in age from Middle Chadronian (35.7 Ma) to Early Whitneyan (31.4 Ma). An overview of the geological setting of the White river Badlands is given as well as an overview of the Oligocene paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Keywords: Oreodont, Merycoidodontidae, White River Badlands, North-America, Oligocene. 1 Table of contents Chapter Page Abstract 1 Table of contents 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Acknowledgements 5 2. A short overview of research around the beginning of the twentieth century. 5 2.1 Geological setting 5 2.2 Paleoenvironment & paleoclimate 22 2.3 Early research on the fossil mammals 26 3. Oreodonts 27 3.1 First descriptions of the oreodonts 28 3.2 Dentition 29 3.3 Lifestyle 30 3.5 Taxonomy 34 4. Material and methods 41 4.1The collections 45 5. Results 47 5.1 Description of the skulls and dentition 47 5.2 Measurements of the skulls and dentition 60 5.3 Mesowear 63 6. Discussion 67 7. Conclusions 70 8. -
Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Fossil Resources May 13-15, 2014 Rapid City, South Dakota
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONFERENCE ON FOSSIL RESOURCES May 13-15, 2014 Rapid City, South Dakota Edited by Vincent L. Santucci, Gregory A. Liggett, Barbara A. Beasley, H. Gregory McDonald and Justin Tweet Dakoterra Vol. 6 Eocene-Oligocene rocks in Badlands National Park, South Dakoata. Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................8 Introduction ..................................................................................9 Presentation Abstracts *Preserving THE PYGMY MAMMOTH: TWENTY YEARS OF collaboration BETWEEN CHANNEL ISLANDS National PARK AND THE MAMMOTH SITE OF HOT SPRINGS, S. D., INC. LARRY D. AGENBROAD, MONICA M. BUGBEE, DON P. MORRIS and W. JUSTIN WILKINS .......................10 PERMITS AND PALEONTOLOGY ON BLM COLORADO: RESULTS FROM 2009 TO 2013 HARLEY J. ARMSTRONG .....................................................................................................................................10 DEVIL’S COULEE DINOSAUR EGG SITE AND THE WILLOW CREEK HOODOOS: HOW SITE VARIABLES INFLUENCE DECISIONS MADE REGARDING PUBLIC ACCESS AND USE AT TWO DESIGNATED PROVINCIAL HISTORIC SITES IN ALBERTA, CANADA JENNIFER M. BANCESCU ...................................................................................................................................12 USDA FOREST SERVICE PALEONTOLOGY PASSPORT IN TIME PROGRAM: COST EFFECTIVE WAY TO GET FEDERAL PALEONTOLOGY PROJECTS COMPLETED BARBARA A. BEASLEY and SALLY SHELTON ...................................................................................................17 -
Hopkins and Lidgard, Appendix B, P. 1
Hopkins and Lidgard Fossil species lineages and their defining traits—taxonomic “usefulness” and evolutionary modes Appendix B. Justification for coding assignments, arranged in alphabetical order. *AICc results from Hunt 2007 #taxonomic importance coded by SL; all others by MJH. Acuticryphops acuticeps from France Data from Cronier et al 2004 Cronier and Feist (2000) note that the number of eye lenses is quite variable within samples that otherwise show no variation within traits. Other closely related species (the genus Acuticryphops is monospecific) are characterized by similarly low numbers of eye lenses (though species of Weyerites are distinguished by number of eye lenses among other traits). Because the authors lump specimens despite the high variation in this characters, this character is considered “not useful” for classification within Acuticryphops. #Afrobolivina afra from west Africa Data from Campbell and Reyment 1978 Campbell and Reyment (1978) state on p. 348 that metric variables were "selected for analysis as it was thought they might be useful for exposing possible differences due to polymorphism in the foraminiferal life cycle." They do not present criteria for distinguishing A. afra from related species. Reyment (1959) erected both the genus and the species. In the latter paper, the generic diagnosis includes among the "peculiarities": "roughly cylindrical with the greatest breadth in or around the middle, or sides slightly convex with the greatest breadth near the top of the test." (p. 19). The species diagnosis (p. 21) includes these characteristics: "Test roughly cylindrical, site of greatest inflation in the middle or in the last third of the length of megalosphcric individuals and usually across the last two chambers of microspheric individuals." The species description (p 23) notes, " The following details were measured: Number of chambers (C), length of the test (L), breadth of the test (B), the maximum thickness of the test (T), distance of maximum breadth from top of last chamber (E), the diameter of the proloculus (P). -
Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the White River Group (Oligocene, Chadron and Brule Formations) in the Vicinity of Chadron, Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences 1986 Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the White River Group (Oligocene, Chadron and Brule Formations) in the Vicinity of Chadron, Nebraska Eric Paul Gustafson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas Part of the Life Sciences Commons Gustafson, Eric Paul, "Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the White River Group (Oligocene, Chadron and Brule Formations) in the Vicinity of Chadron, Nebraska" (1986). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 209. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/209 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societiesy b an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 1986. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, XIV: 7-19. EARTH SCIENCES PRELIMINARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE WHITE RIVER GROUP (OLIGOCENE, CHADRON AND BRULE FORMATIONS) IN THE VICINITY OF CHADRON,NEBRASKA Eric Paul Gustafson 1795 West 17th Street Eugene, Oregon 97402 The White River Group in the Chadron area includes at least 400 ft (123 place on record a standard stratigraphic section for the fossi m) of terrigenous sediment. divisible into the Chadron Formation and Brule liferous sediments in the area of Chadron, Nebraska, to doc Formation (Orella and Whitney members) on criteria similar to those used at ument the stratigraphic positions from which two substantial Toadstool Park. Fossils were collected from several levels. -
Prehistoric Life in the National Parks Coloring Book
National Park Service PREHISTORIC LIFE IN U.S. Department of the Interior THE NATIONAL PARKS COLORING BOOK PREHISTORIC LIFE IN THE NATIONAL PARKS COLORING BOOK National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, Paleontology Program https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/index.htm DEDICATION This Prehistoric Life in the National Parks Coloring Book is dedicated to Georgia Hybels, a National Park Service geographer who shared her time to foster children’s interests in fossils, caves and national parks. PRECAMBRIAN “before the Cambrian” The Precambrian Eon is part of Earth’s history. It spans from approximately 4.6 billion years ago to 541 million years ago. This section includes a Precambrian life form found in some of our national parks in the United States. Collenia symmetrica is an early fossil. It shows layers of sand trapped by tiny organisms (mostly cyanobacteria) into mounds that we call stromatolites. Stromatolites are some of the earliest and most widespread forms of early prehistoric life. Fossils of Collenia have been found at Glacier National Park, Montana. PALEOZOIC ERA “ancient animal life” The Paleozoic Era is part of Earth’s history that spans approximately 541 million years ago to 252 million years ago. This era began with an explosion of new life. New and different ocean animals lived during the Cambrian. Over time, plants and animals evolved to live in the oceans and on land. The Paleozoic ends after a large die off (extinction) of many early lifeforms at the end of the Permian. This section includes some Paleozoic life which have been found in some of our national parks in the United States. -
Return to Wyoming 2011 Michael Hutchins
From The Rostrum, Volume 20, Number 4, July, 2011: Return to Wyoming 2011 Michael Hutchins I have reported on my annual trips to Wyoming in previous Rostrums and this year is no exception. As has typically been the case, I met with several friends in Casper, WY from June 2-8, 2011 to attend a paleontology conference at Casper College’s Tate Museum and to collect in the region. This year’s conference was special, as it was not only the Tate Museum’s annual conference, but also that of TerQua, a society for Tertiary and Quarternary paleontological studies. This renewed scientific society had its organizational meetings at the conference and all conference attendees, including myself, were made charter members of the organization. During the conference proper, which lasted a day and a half, we listened to a wide variety of paleontological papers, ranging from evidence of stress and infection in Pleistocene mammoths and mastodons to the case for competition as a factor in the extinction of the short-faced bear, Arctodus, to the locomotor capabilities of the dire wolf from Rancho La Brea, California. Many of the presentations were excellent and contributed to my growing knowledge of paleontology. As part of the conference, we also took several field trips. The first stop was a 10,000-acre badlands site near Douglas, WY, where I have been allowed to hunt with Dr. Kent Sundell, curator at the Tate Museum, who has leased the area for both commercial and scientific collecting for nearly two decades. A smaller group of us spent an additional two days at this site after the conference ended. -
Assessment of Character Variation in the Crania and Teeth Of
ASSESSMENT OF CHARACTER VARIATION IN THE CRANIA AND TEETH OF MODERN ARTIODACTYLS FOR BETTER SPECIES DIAGNOSIS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD by MEAGHAN MARIE EMERY A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2016 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Meaghan Marie Emery Title: Assessment of Character Variation in the Crania and Teeth of Modern Artiodactyls for Better Species Diagnosis in the Fossil Record This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Geological Sciences by: Edward Davis Chair Samantha Hopkins Core Member Josh Roering Core Member Douglas Warrick Core Member Stephen Frost Institutional Representative and Scott Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2016 ii © 2016 Meaghan Marie Emery This work is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution license iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Meaghan Marie Emery Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geological Sciences September 2016 Title: Assessment of Character Variation in the Crania and Teeth of Modern Artiodactyls for Better Species Diagnosis in the Fossil Record Accurately distinguishing species in the fossil record is difficult when the extent of osteological variation in many modern animals is unknown. Research into intraspecific variation has been conducted in a number of groups, but has not been conducted for systematics use in most modern artiodactyls. In this dissertation I quantify intraspecific variation of teeth in 14 species of modern artiodactyl, then test how accurately cranial characters diagnose modern, sympatric species of duikers, and use this information to reassess the artiodactyl diversity of a fossil group: the superfamily Merycoidodontoidea in the John Day Fossil Beds.