Joint Statement by Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina on the Results Achieved in the Implementation of the Washington Agreements
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President Richard Nixon's Daily Diary, July 16-31, 1969
RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD DOCUMENT DOCUMENT SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION NUMBER TYPE 1 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest 7/30/1969 A 2 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest from Don- 7/30/1969 A Maung Airport, Bangkok 3 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 7/23/1969 A Appendix “B” 4 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 7/24/1969 A Appendix “A” 5 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 7/26/1969 A Appendix “B” 6 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 7/27/1969 A Appendix “A” COLLECTION TITLE BOX NUMBER WHCF: SMOF: Office of Presidential Papers and Archives RC-3 FOLDER TITLE President Richard Nixon’s Daily Diary July 16, 1969 – July 31, 1969 PRMPA RESTRICTION CODES: A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency Policy. E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or B. National security classified information. financial information. C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate an individual’s F. Release would disclose investigatory information compiled for law rights. enforcement purposes. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. or a libel of a living person. H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. DEED OF GIFT RESTRICTION CODES: D-DOG Personal privacy under deed of gift -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION *U.S. GPO; 1989-235-084/00024 NA 14021 (4-85) rnc.~IIJc.I'" rtIl."I'\ttU 1"'AUI'4'~ UAILJ UIAtU (See Travel Record for Travel Activity) ---- -~-------------------~--------------I PLACi-· DAY BEGA;'{ DATE (Mo., Day, Yr.) JULY 16, 1969 TIME DAY THE WHITE HOUSE - Washington, D. -
A Positive Africa
A POSITIVE AFRICA AHAVI PRESENTATION 2011 • “UNTIL THE LION HAS HIS OWN HISTORIAN, THE HUNTER WILL ALWAYS BE A HERO.” -- African Proverb DID YOU KNOW THAT AFRICA IS NOT ONE COUNTRY? DID YOU KNOW THAT AFRICANS HAD CLOTHES BEFORE EUROPEAN CONTACT? TWO NIGERIAN WOMEN IN TRADTIONAL CLOTHES INDIGO CLOTH, NIGERIA A NORTHERN NIGERIAN GIRL IN TRADITIONAL CLOTHES EX- PRESIDENT OF GHANA WEARING INDIGENOUS CLOTH, KENTE TRADITIONAL MEN’S CLOTHES: GHANA AN ELDERLY GHANAIAN WOMAN IN KENTE CLOTH DANCING GHANAIAN GIRLS IN KENTE CLOTH DANCING GHANAIAN WOMAN IN A LOCAL ATIRE GHANAIANS DRESSED IN OTHER LOCAL CLOTHES: A QUEEN IN THE MIDDLE ADINKRA CLOTH OF GHANA & COTE D’IVOIRE BUBU CLOTHES OF WEST AFRICA MOTHER AND SON DRESSED IN TRADITIONAL GHANAIAN CLOTHES WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN CLOTHES BOOKSLEEVE BUTTERFLY LOVE KNOTS TULIP FASHION AFRICAN STYLE MODELING AFRICAN FASHION NIGERIAN WOMAN IN TRADITIONAL HEAD BAND GOING TO A WEDDING AFRICAN STYLE WHERE ARE THE TREE HOUSES OF AFRICA? DID YOU KNOW THAT AFRICANS LIVED IN HOUSES BEFORE EUROPEAN CONTACT? The Gurunsi architecture in Ghana and Burkina Faso, known for the beauty of its functional lines, inspired the Swiss vanguard architect Le Corbusier HATA VILLAGE MORE GURUNSI ARCHITECTURE DRAA VALLEY CASBA, MOROCCO GREAT ZIMBABWE CARVED ENTRANCE TO THE PALACE OF THE EMIR IN KANO, NIGERIA AFRICA’S UNDERGROUND TOWNS • During their long war with Ethiopia, the Eritrean soldiers lay low by building amazing underground towns where they could make weapons and tend to their wounded without being spotted by the Ethiopian army. AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES BEFORE COLONIZATION THE GREAT UNIVERSITY OF SANKORE AT TIMBUKTU TIMBUKTU: A UNIVERSITY TOWN IN PRE-COLONIAL WEST AFRICA "Until the lion has his historian, the hunter will always be a hero." --African Proverb Timbuktu was more than merely a great intellectual nucleus of the West African civilizations of Ghana, Mali and Songhai--it was one of the most splendid scientific centers of the time period corresponding to the European Medieval and Renaissance eras. -
Gotovina Et Al Judgement Volume II
IT-06-90-T 38520 D38520 - D37937 International Tribunal for the UNITED Case No. IT-06-90-T Prosecution of Persons Responsible for NATIONS Serious Violations of International Date: 15 April 2011 Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia Original: English since 1991 IN TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Alphons Orie, Presiding Judge Uldis Ėinis Judge Elizabeth Gwaunza Registrar: Mr John Hocking Judgement of: 15 April 2011 PROSECUTOR v. ANTE GOTOVINA IVAN ČERMAK MLADEN MARKAČ PUBLIC ______________________________________________________________________ JUDGEMENT VOLUME II OF II ______________________________________________________________________ Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for Ante Gotovina Mr Alan Tieger Mr Luka Mišetić Mr Stefan Waespi Mr Gregory Kehoe Ms Prashanti Mahindaratne Mr Payam Akhavan Ms Katrina Gustafson Mr Edward Russo Counsel for Ivan Čermak Mr Saklaine Hedaraly Mr Ryan Carrier Mr Steven Kay, QC Ms Gillian Higgins Counsel for Mladen Markač Mr Goran Mikuličić Mr Tomislav Kuzmanović 38519 Table of contents General abbreviations 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Sources and use of evidence 13 3. The Accused 37 3.1 Ante Gotovina and the Split Military District 37 3.1.1 Position of Ante Gotovina within the Split Military District 37 3.1.2 Ante Gotovina's powers as a commander 52 3.2 Ivan Čermak and the Knin garrison 73 3.3 Mladen Markač and the Special Police 86 4. Crimes committed in municipalities (July-September 1995) 105 4.1 Murders 105 4.1.1 Overview of the charges 105 4.1.2 Benkovac municipality 106 4.1.3 -
Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -
Naletilic and Martinovicsta
Trial Chamber I Sentencing Judgement Statement 1. Trial Chamber I, Section A is sitting today to deliver the judgement in the trial of Vinko Martinovic and Mladen Naletilic. 2. For the purposes of this hearing, the Chamber will summarise briefly its findings , emphasising that this is a summary only, and that the only authoritative account of the Trial Chamber’s findings, and of its reasons for those findings, is to be found in the written judgement, copies of which will be made available to the parties and to the public at the conclusion of this hearing. 3. Before turning to the merits, the Chamber wishes to thank the legal support team, the translators and interpreters, the Court Management Section and the Victim and Witnesses Section for having facilitated the conduct of this trial. JUDGE DIARRA 4. The Indictment concerned events alleged to have occurred between April 1993 and January 1994, in the course of a conflict between the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croat Defence Council in the South-western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and in particular, in Mostar and the surrounding municipalities. The Prosecution alleged that this conflict was international in nature and that the alleged crimes were part of a widespread, large-scale or systematic attack directed against the Bosnian Muslim population. 5. The accused Mladen Naletilic and Vinko Martinovic have been charged with having committed crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and violations of the laws or customs of war in their positions as commanders of the Convicts’ Battalion and of the Vinko Skrobo ATG respectively. -
Transcript of Interview with H.E. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Moderated by Mr
Transcript of Interview with H.E. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Moderated by Mr. Darryl Ambrose Nmah, Director General, Liberia Broadcasting System On the Super Morning Show Held at the Studios of the Liberia Broadcasting System, Paynesville Monday, July 1, 2013 President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: I am pleased to be here; good morning to all. DG Nmah: Let me just inform you, Madam President, that by kind courtesy of our partners, this interview is also heard by Liberians across the world. So, if you are there, its www.globalafricradio.com. So, maybe you have a special message for Liberians who are not in the country and are in the Diaspora, this morning. You want to greet them? President Sirleaf: Absolutely. I’d like to say to them that we are thankful to all that they do to support the country through remittances, through connections with their families and their institutions, and we’re just looking forward to many of them who are coming home, even if for just short periods of time, and we hope some of them will think about relocating and joining the process of reconstruction. DG Nmah: Well, that says it for you out there. I’m sure most of you are keen on following – Gerald promised to wake up most of the Liberians in the United States – but those of you in the UK and other parts of Europe who have already started hitting us on the website, you know that the interview is on. Madam President, it’s quite a while, you’ve recently been out in Abuja, Nigeria; before then, you were out in Washington, in New York, in Japan and in Addis. -
Justice, Accountability and Social Reconstruction: an Interview Study of Bosnian Judges and Prosecutors Laurel E
Berkeley Journal of International Law Volume 18 | Issue 1 Article 3 2000 Justice, Accountability and Social Reconstruction: An Interview Study of Bosnian Judges and Prosecutors Laurel E. Fletcher Berkeley Law Harvey M. Weinstein Recommended Citation Laurel E. Fletcher and Harvey M. Weinstein, Justice, Accountability and Social Reconstruction: An Interview Study of Bosnian Judges and Prosecutors, 18 Berkeley J. Int'l Law. 102 (2000). Link to publisher version (DOI) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals and Related Materials at Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Berkeley Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Justice, Accountability and Social Reconstruction: An Interview Study of Bosnian Judges and Prosecutors By The Human Rights Center and the International Human Rights Law Clinic, University of California, Berkeley, and the Centre for Human Rights, University of Sarajevo I. PREFACE This study of judges and prosecutors in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinaf- ter "BiHl") is the first report in a multi-year study undertaken by the University of California, Berkeley, Human Rights Center regarding the relationship be- tween justice, accountability and reconstruction in the former Yugoslavia.1 The Human Rights Center conducts interdisciplinary research on emerging issues in international human rights and humanitarian law. The International Human Rights Law Clinic at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall) and the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Sarajevo collaborated with the Human Rights Center to conduct this study. -
The Principle of State Sovereignty and the Right to Self-Determination: the Case of Kosovo1
The Principle of State Sovereignty and the Right to Self-determination:... 47 The Principle of State Sovereignty and the Right to Self-determination: The Case of Kosovo1 Uroš Lipušček* Abstract Sovereignty and self-determination are two basic norms of international law which often appear in contradiction to each other. The main debate here is which principle limits the other and the answer depends on an evaluation of each case. The case of Kosovo is a classic example of this dilemma. Both sides, Kosovo Albanian and Serb, claim their own rights based mainly on historical arguments, the former the right to self- determination in the form of their own state and the latter the right to retain the province of Kosovo under the framework of Serbia. Historical arguments or historical rights are an outdated concept. The modern concept of self-determination, developed from Woodrow Wilson’s theory which is linked to democracy, allows Kosovo Albanians the right to external self-determination. Sovereignty of the state does not exist as an absolute concept anymore, since it is directly linked to respect of basic human rights. Even that the self determination can not derive to a consistent international legal order, Kosovo Albanians have the right to external self- determination and their own state, since they were severely oppressed by the Milosević regime. Self-determination remains a radical concept to this day, one which can only be applied on a case by case basis and by taking into account of various factors. * Uroš Lipušček, PhD, Rector of AAB -
A Study of Aesthetic Value in the Interior Space Yogyakarta Presidential Palace As the Development of a New Interior Space Concept
PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(2): 1505-1515 ISSN: 00333077 A STUDY OF AESTHETIC VALUE IN THE INTERIOR SPACE YOGYAKARTA PRESIDENTIAL PALACE AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INTERIOR SPACE CONCEPT Ika Yuni Purnama1,, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi1, Setiawan Sabana2, Triyanto1, Nur Fajrie3 Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia 1 Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2 Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia 3 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study examines the community can still enjoy the importance of interior in the Yogyakarta Presidential Palace as a form of cultural heritage. About that, aesthetic value and interior space concept will be arranged in an example kind of new in visual forms. The interior space of the Yogyakarta Presidential Palace concept was a development from the interior space concept during the era of Sukarno. This research is based on the aesthetic and historical approach that stressed on the artistic aspects and design that are associated with aesthetic appeal. The study uses a qualitative research method with an interdisciplinary approach that includes historical, social, cultural, and aesthetic approaches by not leaving descriptive aspects and critical analysis of reading sources and field surveys. It is inductive qualitative research because the inductive process is more able to find multiple realities as contained in the data. The analysis was done using observations of form and function, including the meaning of space composition, which was arranged to 1produce a proportionate composition with the art collection object. This research is expected to be a basis for the interior aesthetic of the Yogyakarta Presidential Palace and to contribute to designers in the fields of architecture, fine arts, and especially the interior design. -
Mr. Ilham Aliyev Presidential Palace Istiglaliyyat Street 19 1066 Baku Republic of Azerbaijan Fax: +994124923543 and +994124920625 E-Mail: [email protected]
Mr. Ilham Aliyev Presidential Palace Istiglaliyyat street 19 1066 Baku Republic of Azerbaijan Fax: +994124923543 and +994124920625 E-mail: [email protected] 23 April 2012 Urgent appeal for the prompt and impartial investigation, followed by a fair and open trial, of the attack against journalists Idrak Abbasov, Gunay Musayeva and Adalat Abbasov Mr. President, On 18 April 2012 in Baku, security guards attacked a prominent Azerbaijani journalist, Idrak Abbasov. This violent assault constitutes another case out of a long list of journalists harassed and attacked in Azerbaijan. The authorities of Azerbaijan bear the international responsibility to fully guarantee and promote the right to freedom of expression, as well as to carry out a prompt and impartial investigation and bring those responsible for these hideous crimes to justice in fair and open trial. Idrak Abbasov, a reporter of the newspaper Zerkalo and of the Institute for Reporters' Freedom and Safety (IRFS), was beaten by security guards of the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR) whilst filming the confrontation between the residents of the settlement of Sulutepe on the outskirts of Baku and SOCAR, which is in charge of demolishing irregular homes in the area. Idrak Abbasov was wearing clear journalist identification when he was approached by the security guards and consecutively beaten up during 5 to 7 minutes. The journalist – unconscious, coughing up blood, with many bruises and hematomas – was taken to the hospital. According to doctors, his present state of health is very poor and he suffers from serious head and body traumas. His brother, Adalat Abbasov and a female journalist Gunay Musayeva were also assaulted. -
Re-Imagining Haiti's National Palace
Research Design Competition Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights shows that adequate, dignified buildings and housing are fundamental to our human rights. Symbolic Power, History and Humanitarian Crisis: Re-Imagining Haiti’s National Palace Site: Palais National (National Palace), Port-au-Prince, Haiti Introduction: The National Palace in Haiti has shaped and been shaped by the course of the geopolitical history of the modern world. After suffering major damage in the 2010 earthquake, the building has lain in ruins in Port-au-Prince. As a poignant reminder of the neo-colonial impact on the Caribbean before the disaster, the building’s current state stands as a metaphor for the country’s crippled political system and tumultuous history. However, it remains unclear whether the presidential palace will be reconstructed, demolished, or replaced. The complex relationship between its historical influences, the current political climate and presence of international actors will be explored in this research design competition. History: The site has a tumultuous and violent history that begins long before the 2010 disaster. Serving as the Haitian rulers’ residence since the 18th century, the site has seen several forms of rule, from colonial to imperial, dictatorship, and finally democracy. Initially the Government Palace, it was visited by Simon Bolivar seeking troops for his South American campaign. In 1850, renamed the Imperial Palace it was destroyed in 1869 by a rebel army bombardment which ignited a store of munitions and gunpowder held by the president. A replacement was built in 1881, which was then destroyed by a bomb blast in 1912, ending the rule of President Cincinnatus Leconte. -
Bosnia Doesn’T Work 15 Michael Schmunk
Table of Contents Foreword by the Editors 5 Ernst M. Felberbauer, Predrag Jureković and Frederic Labarre Welcome Speech 7 Johann Pucher PART I: OVERCOMING POLITICAL OBSTACLES, FACING ECONOMIC CHALLENGES 13 A Country with Several Nations, but Without a Proper State? Why Bosnia Doesn’t Work 15 Michael Schmunk Multiple Faces of the Bosnian ”Crisis Circle”: Ethnonationalism and Ethnopolitics in Post-Dayton-Bosnia and their Effects on Democratization 31 Vedran Džihić PART II: REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE 55 Bosnia: Hostage of Belgrade 57 Sonja Biserko The Regional Cooperation Council’s Role 63 Alphan Solen NATO and Reform in Bosnia-Herzegovina 67 Bruce McLane PART III: RELEVANT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SECURITY SECTOR 77 The Challenge of Reaching Self Sustainability in a Post-War Environment 79 Denis Hadžović 3 The Next Step in Defence Reform: Establishing a Military Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina 91 Heinz Vetschera The Religious Radicalism and its Impact on the Security Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina 113 Velko Attanassoff Recent Developments in Fighting Organized Crime in Bosnia- Herzegovina 131 Stephen Alexander Goddard PART IV: SOCIAL BARRIERS AND WAYS OF DEALING WITH THEM 145 Lessons of Peacebuilding for the Balkans and Beyond: Towards a Culture of Dialogue, Reconciliation and Transformation 147 Dennis J.D. Sandole The Role of Media in the Process of Peace-Building 177 Drago Pilsel The Role of Education for Sustainable Peace-Building 183 Wolfgang Benedek PART VI: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 205 Conclusions and Recommendations 207 Predrag Jureković List of Authors and Editors 217 4 Foreword by the Editors Bosnia and Herzegovina in almost 14 years of the post-Dayton period has not become a functional state despite some successes that have been achieved in regard to the Euro-Atlantic integration processes.