DOCSLIB.ORG

Timeline / Before 1800 to 1850 / PORTUGAL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Timeline / Before 1800 to 1850 / PORTUGAL Timeline / Before 1800 to 1850 / PORTUGAL Date Country Theme 1777 - 1810 Portugal Fine And Applied Arts Under Queen Maria I (1734–1816) and King João VI (1767–1826) a new neoclassical decorative grammar replaces the dominant rococo style. Besides French and English influences, the main features of the furniture are the carving of classical inspiration and the inlay work using various woods, creating both geometrical and floral compositions. 1807 - 1816 Portugal Political Context First Napoleonic invasion. Prince Regent João (1767–1826, crowned in 1816) transfers the court and the seat of political power to Brazil, avoiding being deposed and replaced by a Napoleonic nominee as in other European kingdoms. In Portugal, Beresford, the British governor, intervenes in Portuguese general politics disregarding national needs. 1817 - 1821 Portugal Political Context The emergence of liberal ideas. In Porto a Provisional Ruling Council is created (1820) and pursues the rebellion against British rule that started in Lisbon. Liberal revolution breaks out in Porto (August 1820), spreads to Lisbon, beginning the radical cycle known as Vintismo. King João VI is forced to return to Portugal from Brazil in 1821. 1820 Portugal Great Inventions Of The 19th Century 14 October: The steamship Conde de Palmela arrives on the Tagus River. Built in Liverpool by Mottershead and Hays, it was commissioned by the Portuguese consul there. It is said to be the first ship to cross the Biscay, a journey of 1,000 miles, and the first steamship to be seen in Portugal. 1822 Portugal Political Context 1 October: Inspired by Cadiz Constitution members of Parliament authored the first liberal Constitution. King João VI (1767-1826) promulgated the document on 1 October 1822, in Lisbon. Royal prerogatives and the nobles and clergy privileges were limited, though with a weak impact. 1822 Portugal Political Context King João VI asks his heir Prince Pedro, Duke of Braganza (1798–1834) to remain in Brazil. Part of the court decides to stay there. Facing revolt against the anti- Brazilian policy of Portugal, Pedro proclaims the independence of Brazil on 7 September (Grito do Ipiranga). In October he is acclaimed as the first Brazilian Emperor, Pedro I. 1822 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes 1 October: Unavoidable recognition by King João VI of the first liberal Constitution approved by Parliament on 23 September. Inspired by the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and the French ones of 1791, 1793 and 1795, royal prerogatives and the privileges of nobles and clergy are to be limited, though this has only weak impact. Date Country Theme 1824 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Publication of O Alfageme de Santarém, a drama by Almeida Garret (1799– 1854). The subject is the dynastic crisis of 1383–85 when the Portuguese kingdom was invaded by Juan I of Castille, married to the heir to the Portuguese throne, Princess Beatriz. In 1385, acclaimed King João I of Avis with Lady Philippa of Lancaster created the dynasty of Avis, responsible for the era of the Discoveries. 1825 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Almeida Garrett writes the poems Camões (1825) and Dona Branca (1826), considered the first romantic works in Portuguese. The hero, Camões, is presented as an outcast who, returning to the motherland, dies in the year when Portugal loses its independence (1580). The fantasy of medieval wizardry traditions is represented in Dona Branca. 1826 - 1832 Portugal Political Context With the death of his father, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil becomes Pedro IV of Portugal but gives up the throne to his daughter, future Queen Maria II. The proclamation of a moderate Constitutional Charter does not stop the absolutist movement led by his brother, Prince Miguel (1802–66), who disregards the rights of his niece Princess Maria and Pedro’s decision. 1832 - 1834 Portugal Political Context Civil war. Pedro returns to Portugal as Regent to defend his daughter’s rights. He launches military operations from Azores and Porto against the absolutist faction of Prince Miguel favored by the Quadruple Alliance. After the Miguelists’ defeat, peace terms depend on the Évora-Monte Convention and Prince Miguel’s exile. 1832 Portugal Economy And Trade Statesman and jurist José Mouzinho da Silveira (1780–1851) abolishes old taxes over real estate income, privileges and immunities detrimental to the kingdom’s economy. He creates the Tribunal do Tesouro Público for tax collection and Treasury administration. He defines the powers of the Minister of Finance and regulates Customs administration, among other reforms. 1833 - 1835 Portugal Economy And Trade 18 September: The first Commercial Code by jurist José Ferreira Borges grants free trade and distribution of goods, abolishing monopolies, privileges and real estate transfer taxes. Article 2 defines a commercial act and the nature of intervening actors. 1833 Portugal Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The death of Luísa Todi (b. 1753), the most celebrated mezzo-soprano opera singer in Portugal. Luísa began her musical career when she was 14 years old. She performed in major European cities and was invited to perform in the courts of Catherine of Russia and Frederick William of Prussia. 1834 - 1836 Portugal Political Context Date Country Theme Queen Maria II (1819–53) regains the crown after her father’s death and the liberals’ victory. The Queen has to cope with the transition from absolutism to constitutionalism and disputes between opposing factions, conservatives on one side (Cartismo supporters of the 1826 Charter) and radicals on the other (Vintismo defenders of the Constitution of 1822). 1834 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes May: Religious orders are abolished and expropriated by decree; some of the assets of the crown, the Queen’s household and the absolutist aristocracy are nationalised. Monasteries are closed immediately and their buildings adapted, but women's convents remain open until the departure or death of the last nun. 1835 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes The buildings and portable heritage collected from the confiscations are sold in public auction to an emergent new aristocracy and a newly empowered upper middle class and the proceeds used to fund part of the state deficit. 1836 - 1842 Portugal Political Context Period of Setembrismo: lower-middle-class rebellion against corruption and upper- middle-class privileges. An industrialisation process takes off to counteract foreign dominance. To overcome the loss of Brazilian revenues the colonisation of African possessions is boosted. The slave trade is prohibited in 1836 by abolitionist Marquis of Sá da Bandeira. 1836 - 1842 Portugal Economy And Trade Under the framework of liberal Setembrismo, which seeks to fight against corruption and the privileges of the elite, an industrialisation process is promoted and protectionist customs taxes are adopted. One of the main reasons is to reduce the import of English products. The colonisation of African possessions is also developed. 1836 - 1842 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes Under Septembrismo the educational system is reformed by Passos Manuel (1801–62). To improve public education, the Plano Nacional dos Lyceus Nacionais equips each district capital with a lyceu (based on the French republican idea of lycée). The curriculum includes humanities and sciences and proposes an inductive and experimental learning process. 1836 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes The slave trade is prohibited in possessions south of the Equator by a law introduced by Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876) for philanthropic and economic reasons. The loss of Brazil, and British pressure, persuades the rulers to endorse abolition to retain in Africa the African labour needed to develop the colonies there. In 1869, King Louis I (1838–89) decrees abolition. 1838 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Date Country Theme Auto de Gil Vicente written by Almeida Garrett (1799–1854). The plot revives the 16th-century court of King Manuel I where a play by Gil Vicente (founder of Portuguese modern theatre) is performed during the celebrations for the marriage of his daughter Princess Beatriz. 1838 Portugal Travelling Building of Pena Palace in Sintra, close to Lisbon, begins. This eclectic summer residence, commissioned by King Fernando II, combines Neo-Manueline, Neo- Islamic and Neo-Renaissance styles. The use of the Islamic decorative influences in a royal palace contributes to the Portuguese society’s acknowledgement of its Islamic past. 1839 Portugal Travelling Silva Porto, born in poverty in Portugal, trader, farmer and explorer, settles in Bié, Angola, from where he, with his pombeiros (long-distance trade agents), tours Central Africa between 1839 and 1890. The descriptions of his travels that he sent to Lisbon became legendary and a precious source of data. 1842 Portugal Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Daguerreotype starts to be used in Portugal two years after its invention in France and is mostly used in commercial portrait lithographs. The oldest ones still existing in Portugal reproduce the Palace (Paços) of Coimbra University in 1842. The University is at the time the major centre for the dissemination of scientific knowledge. 1844 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Publication of the novel Eurico,O Presbítero by Alexandre Herculano (1810–77). The story takes place during the period of the Arab invasion of Visigoth Hispania, led by Tarik in 711. 1844 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Frei Luís de Sousa, by Almeida Garrett. A romantic drama on the myth of King Sebastian, killed in the Battle of Alcacer Quibir, Morocco, in 1578. The myth of a disappeared king who will return to regain freedom and independence for his people underlies the plot together with the extreme love of Brother Luís de Sousa for his country. 1844 Portugal Economy And Trade Foundation of the National Tobacco Company in Xabregas, Lisbon. Following the 18th-century tendency, the profits of tobacco manufacturing and trade became the major source of revenue for oligarchic businessmen (known as the Caixas) seeking its control. The monopoly was rented out by the state, usually on a triennial base.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sociabilidade E Distinção Em Évora No Século XIX
    Maria Ana Bernardo .-4 O TRABALHO AQUI DESENVOLVIDO ESCOLHEU A CIDADE DE ËVOR COMO OBSERVATÓRIO DE UMA SOCIEDADE EM MUDANÇA, ENTRE PRIMEIROS ANOS DE UM LIBERALISMO MITIGADO E OS PRIMEIR: S DA MANIFESTAÇÃO DOS IDEAIS E DOS MOVIMENTOS REPUBLICANOS. E NESTE MICROCOSMO QUE CONSEGUIMOS PERCEBER COMO DINÂMICAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO SURGEM ASSOCIADAS ÀS PRÓFRZAS PRÁTICAS DE DISTINÇÃO. A ANÁLISE EM PROFUNDIDADE QUE MARIA ANA BERNARDO DESENVOLVE SOBRE OCIRCULO EBOREN E VEM CONFIRMAR ESSA DINÂMICA ESPECÍFICA DE UMA CIDADE E A ELITE TRADICIONAL DE PROPRIETÁRIOS E LAVRADORES ASSL ‘< MECANISMOS DA DOMINAÇÃO ATÉ BEM TARDE, APENAS ESBOÇANDH AO LONGO DA SEGUNDA METADE DE OITOCENTOS, UMA 1tflD ABERTURA A OUTROS GRUPOS EMERGENTES. Do Prefácio de DavidJustino U Sociabilidade e Distinção em Évora no Século XIX O Círculo Eborense ‘-o Ç) (JD geral Edição apoiadapela Câmara Municial de Évora. Índice Na capa: fotografia de grupo tirada no Círculo Eborense (1890). Propr!edade de João Silveira, gentilmente cedida pela Base de Imagens do Projecto JNICT/ /PCSH/HIS/1002/95, Universidade de Évora. 11 Nota prévia 13 Prefácio de David Jistino 17 Introdução Parte primeira As redes de sociabilidade eborenses © 2001, Edições Cosmos e Maria Ana Bernardo na segunda metade do século XIX 27 1. Problemas e fontes Composição: Edições Cosmos Revisão: Levi Condinho 30 2. As sociabilidades eborenses: imagens e representações Impressão: Garrido artes gráficas 36 3. A diversidade das práticas Março de 2001 3.1. Assoirées,36 3.2. As associações culturais e recreativas, 39 3.3. O teatro, 52 ISBN 972-762.201-1 3.4. Os cafés, 57 Depósito legal 158219/00 3.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Crown, Empire, and Nation (1807–1834) Miriam Halpern Pereira
    Crown, Empire, and Nation (1807–1834)1 Miriam Halpern Pereira 2 Abstract Portugal went through one of the most complex periods in its whole history when an informal British occupation followed the French invasions. This provides an interesting case for the study of the evolution of the three main institutions and political concepts involved in the ending of the Old Regime: the Crown, the Empire, and the Nation, each with its own chronology. The main focus of this article is the changing relationships between these concepts during this period, in which the coexistence of old and new institutions is visible and their changing geography appears both as a factor in and as a consequence of this process. Keywords Brazil, Crown, Empire, French Invasions, King John VI, Portuguese Liberal Revolution. Resumo Portugal viveu um dos períodos mais complexos da sua história quando às Invasões Francesas sucede a ocupação britânica. Este contexto constitui um caso interessante para o estudo da evolução das três principais instituições e conceitos políticos presentes no final do Antigo Regime: a Coroa, o Império e a Nação e a sua cronologia diferenciada. O eixo central deste artigo reside na análise da mudança na articulação entre estes três conceitos ao longo deste período, em que a coexistência de antigas e novas instituições é visível e a sua geografia mutável surge como factor e como consequência deste processo. Palavras-chave Brasil, Coroa, D. João VI, Império, Invasões Francesas, Revolução Liberal Portuguesa 1 Tradução de John Elliott. 2 Professor Emeritus, Lisbon University, ISCTE—University Institute of Lisbon, CEHC. 1649–026 Lisbon, Portugal.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL / POLITICAL CONTEXT
    Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1807 - 1816 Portugal Political Context First Napoleonic invasion. Prince Regent João (1767–1826, crowned in 1816) transfers the court and the seat of political power to Brazil, avoiding being deposed and replaced by a Napoleonic nominee as in other European kingdoms. In Portugal, Beresford, the British governor, intervenes in Portuguese general politics disregarding national needs. 1817 - 1821 Portugal Political Context The emergence of liberal ideas. In Porto a Provisional Ruling Council is created (1820) and pursues the rebellion against British rule that started in Lisbon. Liberal revolution breaks out in Porto (August 1820), spreads to Lisbon, beginning the radical cycle known as Vintismo. King João VI is forced to return to Portugal from Brazil in 1821. 1822 Portugal Political Context 1 October: Inspired by Cadiz Constitution members of Parliament authored the first liberal Constitution. King João VI (1767-1826) promulgated the document on 1 October 1822, in Lisbon. Royal prerogatives and the nobles and clergy privileges were limited, though with a weak impact. 1822 Portugal Political Context King João VI asks his heir Prince Pedro, Duke of Braganza (1798–1834) to remain in Brazil. Part of the court decides to stay there. Facing revolt against the anti- Brazilian policy of Portugal, Pedro proclaims the independence of Brazil on 7 September (Grito do Ipiranga). In October he is acclaimed as the first Brazilian Emperor, Pedro I. 1826 - 1832 Portugal Political Context With the death of his father, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil becomes Pedro IV of Portugal but gives up the throne to his daughter, future Queen Maria II.
    [Show full text]
  • Mouzinho Da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism
    This article was downloaded by: [b-on: Biblioteca do conhecimento online UL] On: 03 June 2014, At: 04:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK History of European Ideas Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhei20 Mouzinho da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism, 1820–1832 Nuno Gonçalo Monteiroa a Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal Published online: 02 Jun 2014. To cite this article: Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro (2014): Mouzinho da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism, 1820–1832, History of European Ideas, DOI: 10.1080/01916599.2014.914311 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2014.914311 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]
  • O Deputado Mouzinho Da Silveira Na Legislatura Cartista 1826-1828: Algumas Considerações Fernando Jorge Cardoso Guedes
    MESTRADO HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA O deputado Mouzinho da Silveira na legislatura cartista 1826-1828: algumas considerações Fernando Jorge Cardoso Guedes M 2016 Fernando Jorge Cardoso Guedes O deputado Mouzinho da Silveira na legislatura cartista 1826- 1828: algumas considerações Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em História Contemporânea, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Jorge Fernandes Alves Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto setembro de 2016 1 2 O deputado Mouzinho da Silveira na legislatura cartista 1826-1828: algumas considerações Fernando Jorge Cardoso Guedes Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em História Contemporânea, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Jorge Fernandes Alves Membros do Júri Professora Doutora Maria da Conceição Coelho Meireles Pereira Faculdade de Letras - Universidade do Porto Professor Doutor Luís Alberto Marques Alves Faculdade de Letras – Universidade do Porto Professor Doutor Jorge Fernandes Alves Faculdade de Letras - Universidade do Porto Classificação obtida: 18 valores 3 4 Índice Agradecimentos ………………………………………………………………... 6 Resumo ....……………………………………………………………………… 7 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… 8 Introdução ……………………………………………………………………… 9 1. Mouzinho da Silveira na Câmara dos Senhores Deputados da Nação Portuguesa – 1826-1828: intervenções e propostas legislativas 1.1 Sessão de 1826 …………………………………………………………… 17 1.2 Sessão de 1827 ………………………………………………………….... 34 1.3 Sessão de 1828 …………………………………………………………… 96 Conclusão ……………………………………………………………………….. 140 Fontes …………………………………………………………………………… 145 Bibliografia ……………………………………………………………………... 146 5 Agradecimentos Agradeço de modo muito especial ao meu orientador, Professor Doutor Jorge Fernandes Alves pelo percurso que me fez iniciar, transmitindo-me o gosto pela História Contemporânea de Portugal no final da licenciatura. Esta dissertação foi possível, graças à sua intervenção na escolha do tema e pela total disponibilidade em colaborar e ajudar para a sua realização, pelo que os erros e defeitos que o trabalho apresente não serão nunca de sua responsabilidade.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of Independence: Portugal, Brazil, and Their Mutual Influence After the End of Empire (Late 1820S-Early 1840S)1
    In the Shadow of Independence: Portugal, Brazil, and Their Mutual Influence after the End of Empire (late 1820s-early 1840s)1 Gabriel Paquette2 Historians have long recognized how the formal achievement of independence meant neither that the legacies of colonialism had been extirpated nor that the newly won sovereignty was unencumbered. Legacies of colonialism in Latin America after independence were numerous and included older forms of indigenous tribute and taxation, labor regimes such as slavery, legal codes, and the position of the post-colonial polity in the world economy, the latter of which also circumscribed sovereignty as scholars working in the Dependency Theory, Informal Empire, and World Systems traditions have demonstrated. Recently, historians have begun to recognize that many non-economic connections and relationships between Europe and Latin America survived the disintegration of the Ibero-Atlantic empires and that many new ones, both overtly coercive and less so, were formed (e.g., the circulation of political ideas; European immigration schemes) (Brown and Paquette 2013). Three phenomena—the “persistence of mutual influence,” the repair or re- thickening of frayed threads, and the spinning of new, unprecedented transatlantic webs— may be understood as combining to make plausible the notion of “Late Atlantic History” (Rothschild 2011); that is, an Atlantic History after the demise of formal empire. Traditionally, Atlantic History’s outer chronological limit was defined by the separation of the European metropolises from their American dominions, episodes normally considered 1 Earlier versions of this article were given as papers at the “Portuguese History in a Global Context“ Colloquium held at Brown University (October 2012) and at the American Historical Association Annual Meeting in New Orleans (January 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Portuguese Vines and Wines: Heritage, Quality Symbol, Tourism Asset
    Ciência Téc. Vitiv. 33(1) 31-46. 2018 PORTUGUESE VINES AND WINES: HERITAGE, QUALITY SYMBOL, TOURISM ASSET A VINHA: UM PATRIMÓNIO, UM SÍMBOLO DE QUALIDADE, UM TRUNFO TURÍSTICO A. Lavrador da Silva1,*, M. João Fernão-Pires2, F. Bianchi-de-Aguiar3 1 Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida de Berna, 26-C / 1069-061 Lisboa 2 Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, I.P. (Portugal), R. Mouzinho da Silveira 5, 1250-165 Lisboa 3 Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro and Honorary President of the OIV, Quinta de Prados5000-801 Vila Real *corresponding author: Tel: +00351 962383275, email: [email protected] (Received 06.08.2017. Accepted 28.02.2018) SUMMARY This paper aims to showcase the value and uniqueness of Portuguese wines and wine regions. It has three independent but related parts. The first part focuses the millenary history of vines in Portugal and stresses their value for the regional and national economy. The second part focuses on the role of brands in the wine regions and wine marketing, highlighting the importance of the landscape in promotion. It is claimed that the use of landmarks can help create an identity image, useful for attracting tourism and wine advertising, being also a major asset for the Portuguese world trade of wines. Landmarks identification and promotional suggestions with landmarks related to Portuguese wine regions are presented. The third part presents a short revision of the panorama of wine tourism in Portugal and stresses the role of landscapes in its promotion. A literary route in the Douro Demarcated Region is presented by way of example.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political History of Nineteenth Century Portugal1
    The Political History of Nineteenth Century Portugal1 Paulo Jorge Fernandes Autónoma University of Lisbon [email protected] Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses National University of Ireland [email protected] Manuel Baiôa CIDEHUS-University of Évora [email protected] Abstract The political history of nineteenth-century Portugal was, for a long time, a neglected subject. Under Salazar's New State it was passed over in favour of earlier periods from which that nationalist regime sought to draw inspiration; subsequent historians preferred to concentrate on social and economic developments to the detriment of the difficult evolution of Portuguese liberalism. This picture is changing, thanks to an awakening of interest in both contemporary topics and political history (although there is no consensus when it comes to defining political history). The aim of this article is to summarise these recent developments in Portuguese historiography for the benefit of an English-language audience. Keywords Nineteenth Century, History, Bibliography, Constitutionalism, Historiography, Liberalism, Political History, Portugal Politics has finally begun to carve out a privileged space at the heart of Portuguese historiography. This ‘invasion’ is a recent phenomenon and can be explained by the gradual acceptance, over the course of two decades, of political history as a genuine specialisation in Portuguese academic circles. This process of scientific and pedagogical renewal has seen a clear focus also on the nineteenth century. Young researchers concentrate their efforts in this field, and publishers are more interested in this kind of works than before. In Portugal, the interest in the 19th century is a reaction against decades of ignorance. Until April 1974, ideological reasons dictated the absence of contemporary history from the secondary school classroom, and even from the university curriculum.
    [Show full text]
  • A Instauração Do Liberalismo Em Portugal Numa Visão Global Socioeconómica - a Participação Do Algarve
    A instauração do Liberalismo em Portugal numa visão global socioeconómica - A participação do Algarve José Carlos Vilhena Mesquita Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve Resumo O Algarve na primeira metade do século XIX era um território periférico e quase marginalizado. Mas nunca deixou de ser uma região geo-estratégica (como o foi no tempo dos Descobrimentos) de fulcral importância no evoluir do processo histórico português. O Algarve, como espaço/região, e os algarvios como (re)agentes activos, foram, no seu conjunto, decisivos para o dirimir das lutas políticas e da consequente guerra civil, que implantou definitivamente o liberalismo em Portugal. No contexto nacional, o Algarve foi uma das regiões mais sacrificadas, tanto nos seus valores humanos como nos seus recursos económicos. Parece-nos indubitável o papel dos algarvios na construção do liberalismo português, sendo o posicionamento geográfico da sua costa atlântico-mediterrânica de capital importância para a eclosão da guerra-civil. Por outro lado, o Algarve tomara-se desde o início do século XIX, com as invasões napoleónicas, um dos pólos mais sensíveis do quadro revolucionário português. Todos os conflitos militares que projectaram alterações políticas passaram pelo Algarve. Daí que, do ponto de vista militar, adquirisse esta região o estatuto de eixo geopolítico sobre o qual giraria, praticamente, toda a primeira metade do Oitocentismo português. Abstract Algarve in the first half of the 19thC was a peripheral and almost marginalized region. However, it never ceased being a geo-strategic region (as from the time of the Portuguese Discoveries) of core importance in the Portuguese historie evolution process. Algarve as an area/region and its inhabitants as active (re)agents were, as a whole, decisive in preventing political upheaval and consequent civil war, ultimately establishing liberalism in Portugal.
    [Show full text]
  • A Numismatic Legacy from Portugal's
    A NUMISMATIC LEGACY FROM PORTUGAL’S ‘WAR OF THE TWO BROTHERS’ John E. Sandrock As an avid paper money enthusiast I have always been intrigued by the little mysteries that sometimes show up. Such a baffling puzzle surfaced some years ago after I had acquired a group of early Portuguese currency dating from the late 1700s. These notes had all been overprinted with red sunbursts bearing the name of the king of Portugal. The difficulty was, that some notes were attributed to Pedro IV, and some to Miguel I. My desire to learn why this should be led me to the explanation, but not before I had probed into the discovery of a continent and learned something of the consequences of the Napoleonic War. These seemingly unrelated events eventually led me to the explanation and to my awareness of the War of the Two Brothers. Today Portugal is one of the smallest and least developed nations of Western Europe. There was a time, however, when Portugal played a far larger role in world history, one greatly disproportionate to its size. Those were the days of exploration when Portugal’s greatness reached the four corners of the earth. Such men as Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama and Pedro Cabral laid claim to vast lands in the name of Portugal. As colonization followed exploration, the small country was hard pressed to find sufficient administrators and colonists to maintain control of her far-flung possessions. Because she had an insufficient population base to maintain large armies and the necessary administrators in her newly found colonies, these lands gradually slipped away from Portuguese control, finding other political accommodations.
    [Show full text]
  • Special List 412: Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Imprints
    special list 412 1 RICHARD C.RAMER Special List 412 Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Imprints 2 RICHARDrichard c. C.RAMER ramer Old and Rare Books 225 east 70th street . suite 12f . new york, n.y. 10021-5217 Email [email protected] . Website www.livroraro.com Telephones (212) 737 0222 and 737 0223 Fax (212) 288 4169 May 17, 2021 Special List 412 Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Imprints Items marked with an asterisk (*) will be shipped from Lisbon. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED: All items are understood to be on approval, and may be returned within a reasonable time for any reason whatsoever. VISITORS BY APPOINTMENT special list 412 3 Special List 412 Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Imprints INDEX OF PRINTING PLACES Rio de Janeiro ................................ Pages 4-132, Items 1-146 Bahia ....................................... Pages 133-142, Items 147-153 Pernambuco ........................... Pages 143-148, Items 154-160 Recife ...................................... Pages 149-156, Items 161-167 Maranhão ............................... Pages 157-160, Items 168-172 Ouro Preto ....................................... Page 161, Items 173-174 São Paulo ................................ Pages 162-164, Items 175-177 Santo Amaro (São Paulo) .......................Page 165, Item 178 Ceará ................................................ Pages 165-166, Item 179 Pará . ...................................... Pages 167-184, Items 180-184 4 richard c. ramer Item 1 special list 412 5 Special List 412 Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Imprints ☞ Rio de Janeiro, 1808 Changes Status of Cabo Verde—Early Rio de Janeiro Imprint *1. [PORTUGAL. Laws. D. João, Prince Regent of Portugal 1799-1816, then D. João VI King of Portugal and Brazil, 1816-1826]. Decreto. Con- vindo muito ao bem do Estado nas circunstancias actuaes, muito mais graves do que no tempo, em que as Ilhas de Cabo Verde se governavão com Capitania General, que aquellas Ilhas sejão novamente regidas por hum Governador e Capitão General ….
    [Show full text]
  • Longfellow House's Brazilian Connection
    on fellow ous L g ulletinH e Volume 4 No. 2 A Newsletter of the Friends of the Longfellow House and the National Park Service December 2000 The Emperor and the Poet: LongfellowB House’s Brazilian Connection t Brazil’s Independence Day celebra- Ambassador Costa went on to cite Dom Using Longfellow’s published letters Ation on September 7, 2000, Ambas- Pedro II‘s long correspondence with and the House archives, Jim Shea sador Mauricio Eduardo Cortes Costa, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow confirmed that on June 10, 1876 Consul General of Brazil in Boston, and his visit to the poet’s Dom Pedro II dined with bestowed upon Boston’s Mayor Thomas house in 1876. Henry W. Longfellow and Menino the “Medal Order of the South- This story has recently friends at what was then ern Cross, Rank of Commander.” The been pieced together known as Craigie House. medal was created by Brazil’s first emperor, through a collaboration In his journal Longfel- Dom Pedro I, in 1822, as he wrote, to “ac- between members of the low wrote: “Dom Pedro knowledge the relevant services rendered to National Park Service II, Emperor of Brazil, the empire by my most loyal subjects, civil and the Brazilian Con- dined with us. The servants, and foreign dignitaries, and as a sulate. In August Mar- other guests were Ralph token of my highest esteem.” cilio Farias, Cultural Waldo Emerson, Oliver In his address at the ceremony at Boston Affairs Advisor at the Wendell Holmes, Louis City Hall, the Ambassador spoke of the Brazilian Consulate in Agassiz, and Thomas Gold ties between Brazil and the U.S., particu- Boston, called Site Manager Appleton.
    [Show full text]