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CALIFORNI HISTORY SYLLABUS

SAN JOAQUIN DELTA COLLEGE INTRODUCTION

Thiz outtine iz pAepaked az a genekat guide Oh thoze taking HISTORY OF , TV - 37b. It zhoutd azzizt them in 4ottowing the pkogkamz and give them adequate tekkencez 4ok a good Aeading backgkound. No e44okt haz been made to tizt att the 4ine Aekkencez in the di44ekent akeaz o4 Cati4oknia hiztoky. The ztudent iz ukged to do 4ukthek kezeakch in hiz akea o4 intek- ezt and he witt 4ind that Bean, Rate, and Wood, Buzh and McComb, att have excettent bibtiogkaphiez. Many o.4 theze te4eAence4 witt be 4ound in the tibtaky at Data Cottege, the Stockton Pubtic Libkaty and youA own community tibkany.

FOh MO/St 04 the -top-Lcz oun textbook Bean, Watton; Cati4oknia an InteAptetive HiztoAy, witt give adequate in4okma- tion. The Cati4oknia Stoty iz an even moke tecent pubtication and witt be heep4we.

The ztudy guide haz been divided into thikty-two topicz with each topic to be pAezented in appkoximatety a hat4 houk on the auk.

Thoze kegizteting in the coukze 4oA ckedit zhoutd nead the textbook cake4utty az outeined in the guide and zhoutd 'Lead az much az pozzibZe .6AOM othek zoukcez.

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The mid-tekm and 4inat examination witt be bazed on the matekiat in the textbook and that ptezented in the Zectukez. CALIFORNIA HISTORY

STUDY GUIDE

A tetecomse in CaZi4oAnia Histony obiaed by SAN JOAQUIN DELTA COLLEGE in coopenation with KOVR, Channel 13

R. Coke Wood, Ph.D.

Comse No. HiztoAy TV - 376 0kdne4day4 and FAiday4 HOWLS: 6:30 to 7:00 A.M. Station: KOVR, Channel 13, Stockton and Sacnamento CALIFORNIA HISTORY, TV-37b

Table of Contents

TOPICS:

I.THE FLIGHT AGAINST MONOPOLIES

II.THE SANTA FE ENTERS CALIFORNIA

III.THE BOOM OF THE EIGHTIES

IV.THE RISE OF CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE

V. CULTURE, LITERATURE AND EDUCATION

VI. THE RUEF RING LEADS TO REFORM

VII. THE LINCOLN - ROOSEVELT LEAGUE

VIII. AND REFORMS IN STATE GOVERNMENT

IX.POLITICS IN THE 1920'S AND 1930'S

X. THE AGE OF

XI. AND THE DEMOCRATIC AVALANCHE

XII. LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT & DIVISION OF THE STATE

XIII.POPULATION GROWTH IN RURAL CALIFORNIA

XIV. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN CALIFORNIA'S POPULATION

XV. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTION AGENCIES

XVI. CALIFORNIA PHYSICAL TRAGEDIES- FIRE OF 1906 XVII. LABOR CONFLICT--THE BOMBING OF THE TIMES

XVIII. TOM MOONEY AND THE WARREN BILLINGS CASE

XIX. WORLD WAR II AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

XX. HOLLYWOOD, THE MOTION PICTURE CAPITAL

XXI. OIL--BLACK GOLD

XXII. TOURISM AND RECREATION

XXIII. CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND AIR TRAVEL

XXIV. EDUCATION EFFORTS IN THE 20th CENTURY , XXV. STRUGGLE FOR WATER-OWENS VALLEY & ST. FRANCIS DAM DISASTERS

XXVI. THE COLORADO RIVER PROJECT & THE METROPOLITAN WATER DISTRICT

XXVII. THE CENTRAL VALLEY WATER PROJECT & THE STATE WATER PLAN

XXVIII. CALIFORNIA'S FABULOUS AGRICULTURE-NUMBER ONE

XXIX. CITRUS AND COTTON SUPERIORITY

XXX. CALIFORNIA LITERATURE IN THE 20th CENTURY

XXXI. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY SAN FRANCISCO

XXXII. LOS ANGELES IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY I. THE FIGHT AGAINST MONOPOLIES

The Constitutional Convention of 1879 attempted to regulate the railroads through creation of the State Board of Railroad Commissioners. Instead, the commission came under the political influence of the railroads and were powerless to oppose them for the next 30 years. The Southern Pacific Machine gained control of State and Local Politics. Efforts were made to break this control and monopoly, and a few victories uere scored.

A. Fighting Southern Pacific 1. Battle of Mussel Slough a. Railroad Land b. "Starvation Valley" c. Tragedy at Brewers farm near Hanford

2. The Colton Letters a. David D. Colton, "Mr. Big 4 1/2"

3. Fight Against Funding Bill a. Adolph Sutro, Mayor San Francisco b. Huntington sponsors the Funding Bill to avoid repaying Federal loans

4. The San Pedro Harbor Fight a. Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce asks Federal aid for San Pedro b. Huntington and the Southern Pacific wants harbor at Santa Monica.

QUESTIONS:

1. Why was the railroad cumnission unable to regulate the railroads? 2. What was the basic issue in the San Pedro Harber fight?

References:

Bean, California, Ch. 25 Wood, Bush, and McComb; The California Story, Ch. 11

Further References:

Cleland, Robert G.; From Wilderness to Empire Lewis, Oscar; The Big Four Matson, Clarence H.; Building a World Gateway; L. A. Harbor Norris, Frank; The Octopus Smith, Wallace; Garden of the Sun; A History of the San Joaquin Valley Stewart, Robert E. and Stewart, Mary F., Adolph Sutro; A biography Willard, Charles D.; The Free Harbor Fight at L. A. Taylor, Frank & Welty, Earl; Black Bonanza; How an Oil Hunt Grew into the Union Oil Company Terrell, John; War for the Colorado River Thompson, Warren; Growth and Change in California Experience Turner, Henry & Vieg, John; The Government and Politics of California

Wagner, Henry R.; Bullion to Books White, Gerald; Formative Years in the Far West; Standard Oil in California Wieutraub, Hyman; The I. W. W. in California Wilbur, Ray L. & Mead, Elwood; Construction of Hoover Damm Wilson, C, & Taylor, Frank; Southern Pacific Wilson, Edmund; The Boys in the back Room: Notes on California Novelists Woodbury, David; The Colorado Conquest II. THE SANTA FE ENTERS CALIFORNIA

The Big Four of Central Pacific Railroad found themselves stuck with a railroad after completing the Pacific Railroad in 1869. They set out to gain a complete monopoly of transportation in the West and the Southern Pacific Company of Kentucky was formed in 1884 as a holding company for its many interests. To keep other railroads out all feasible crossings of the Colorado River were secured by the Southern Pacific.

A. History of the Santa Fe

B. Struggle with the Southern Pacific for entrance to California

1. Plans to build to the Gulf of California

C. Santa Fe reaches Los Angeles over Southern Pacific Tracks in 1885

1. Rate War Results

QUESTIONS:

1. Why couldn't the Santa Fee cross the Colorado River?

2. Why did the Southern Pacific agree to the Santa Fe entering California?

References:

Bean, California, Ch. 23 Wood, et. al., The California Story, Ch. 11

Further References:

Cleland, Robert G.; From Wilderness to Empire Dagget, Stuart; History of Southern Pacific Lewis, Oscar; The Big Four Norris; The Octopus III. THE BOOM OF THE EIGHTIES

The flood tide of immigration that developed in the 1880's was not as large or as colorful as the gold rush years, but it was exciting and after the collapse of the "boom", it was found that the population of the state had increased about 40 percent in the ten year period, most of it in Southern California. This boom was brought on by railroad advertising and real estate promotion.

A. Railroad Advertising 1. The effect of the rate war between Southern Pacific and Santa Fe

2. The advertising and sale of railroad land.

B. Real Estate Promotion and Advertising 1. Voluntary Promotional organizations or "State Societies".

2. The Colony method of Settlement

3. Types of promotion and advertising

C. The extent of the Boom

1. In 10 years - 40 percent population increase

2. Over 1,000,000 population in 1890 for first time

QUESTIONS:

1. In what ways did the railroad promote the boom?

2. What was the total effect of the boom on California?

Reference:

Bean, Ch. 23 Cleland, hpbert; From Wilderness to Empire, Ch. 17 Wood, Ch. 11 Rolle, California; A History, pps. 375-77

Further References:

Dumke, Glenn; Boom of Eighties in Southern California Mayo, Morrow, Los Angeles Nadeau, Remi A,; City-Makers, The Men who Transformed Los Angeles from Village to Metropolis. Van Dyke T. S.; Millionaires of a Day Wilson, C. and Taylor, Frank; Southern Pacific; The Roaring Story of a Fighting Railroad. IV. THE RISE OF CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE

Although gold was the cause that brought the first rush of visitors to California, it was agriculture that kept the settlers here. No longer is gold a significant part of the economy of the state, but the value of agricultural production in California each year is more than the total value of gold mined since Marshall picked up the first nugget.

A. Experimentaion

1. Historical Development 2. The period of grass and cattle 3. The rise of grain in the central valleys 4. The period of intensive cultivation 5. The rise of the citrus and grape industry 6. Experimentation with various crops

B. Characteristics of California Agriculture

1. Diversification 2. Growth and size of ranches 3. Importance of irriaation and reclamation 4. Specialization in the modern period

QUESTIONS:

1. Which has been more important in California, gold or the citrus industry?

2. What contributions to agriculture was made by Luther Burbank?

References:

Bean, Ch. 23 Rolle, Ch. 23 Wood, Ch. 20

Further References:

Alexander, F. A.; The Life of George Chaffey Burbank, Luther; (Autobiography) The Harvest of the Years. Cleland, Robert, & Osgood Hardy; The March of Industry Hall, William H.; Irrigation in California McWilliams, Carey; Southern California Country

McGowan, Joseph A.; History of the Sacramento ‘alley Volumes I-II Smith, Wallace; Garden of the Sun; A History of the San Joaquin Valle,' Wickson, E. J.; California Fruits V. CULTURE, LITERATURE AND EDUCATION

California has produced an imposing list of literary figures whose products have left a strong influence on American literature. Many of these writers have received national and even international recognition. To study their biographies and to collect their writings is to study California's history.

A. Literature 1. Poets 2. Historians a. a. Hubert Howe Bancroft b. b. Theodore Hittell c. c. Herbert Eugene Bolton d. Robinson Jeffers

3. Fiction Writers 4. Miscellaneous a. a. Joseph Le Conte b. b. c. d. John Steinbeck e. Helen Hunt Jackson

B. Collecting Californiana 1. What shall I read?

2. Famous California Libraries a. State Library b. (Bancroft) c. d. University of California at Los Angeles e. Los Angeles Public Library f. Henry R. Huntington Library and Art Gallery g. Americana Collection at the College of the Pacific

QUESTIONS: 1. What writer has done most to build appreciation for California's scenic wonderland? 2. What is the greatest novel written about California life?

References: Bean, Ch. 21 and 22 Wood, Ch. 15

Further References: Caughey, J.W. "Herbert Eugene Bolton"; Pacific Historical Review,XXII (1953)109-112 Hanna, Phil Townsend; Libros Californianos Jackson, J.H.; Continent's End, A Collection of California Writing Jackson, J.H.; Editor, The Western Gate, A San Francisco Reader Moore, Harry T.; The Novels of Steinbeck Muir, John; The Mountains of California Peterson, Martin S.; Joaquin Miller Powell, Lawrence C.; An Introduction to Robinson Jeffers Walker, Franklin D.; San Francisco's Literary Frontier Wagner, Henry R. Bullion To Books VI. THE RUEF RING LEADS TO REFORM

At no time in the political history of San Francisco had con- ditions become so bad as during the first decade of the 20th century. This was a period of low moral tide in the municipal history of the city. The master mind of the political machine that took over San Francisco, was a French Jew named Abe Ruef. Let's divide the discussion into the following topics:

A. Rise of the Ruef Ring

1. Ruef's training 2. Labor strife of 1901 and the Union Labor party 3. Eugene Schmitz, the Mayor

B. Three Elements in this Epic of Corruption

1. Abe Ruef, the Boss 2. Eugene Schmitz, the Mayor 3. Board of Superivisors

C. The ring in action

1. Voters Kept in line with political rallies, torchlight parades 2. A labor government but Ruef selling out to big business

D. Reform movement that overthrew the ring

1. The big five of reform-Phelan, Spreckles, Burns, Heney and Older. 2. Downfall of the ring

QUESTIONS:

1. How was Abe Ruef able to gain political control of San Francisco? 2. Who did the most to expose the grafters?

References:

Bean, Ch. 28 Rolle, Ch. 28 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References:

Bean, Walton; Boss Ruef's San Francisco Caughey, John; California, Ch. 35 Cleland, Robert; In Our Times, Ch. 3 Hichbom, Franklin; The System Older, Fremont; My own Story VII. THE LINCOLN - ROOSEVELT LEAGUE

It's an old axiom that its always the darkest just before dawn. This was true in San Francisco. When conditions became intoler- able, a reform movement was organized that not only cleaned up San Francisco but influenced the whole state. Out of this move- ment developed the Lincoln - Roosevelt League.

A. The political and economic dictatorship of the Southern Pacific

1. William Herring, political boss 2. Republican State Convention at Santa Cruz, in 1906

B. State Legislature of 1907

1. Examples of corruption

C. Lincoln - Roosevelt League formed in 1907

1. Progressive movement in California, 1908-1918 2. Led by journalists--Chester Rowell of Fresno Republican and Edward Dickson, of L. A. Express

D. The League offered a six-point reform program

1. Worked for direct primary law 2. Support of liberal press

QUESTIONS:

1. Why was the movement called Lincoln - Roosevelt? 2. How was it related to the progressive movement?

References:

Bean, Ch. 25-26 Rolle, Ch. 28 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References:

Bean, Boss Ruef's San Francisco Hutckinson, W. H.; Oil, Land and Politics Mowry, George; The California Progressives Older; My Story The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffins Thomas, Lately; Debonair Scoundrel VIII. HIRAM JOHNSON AND REFORMS IN STATE GOVERNMENT

Hiram Johnson was reluctant to join the reform movement and to assume the responsibility of prosecuting the Ruef Ring after Francis Heney was shot. However, it was this experience that gave him the publicity that caused the progressives to select him as their candidate in 1910.

A. Search for a Candidate for the Progressives

1. Primary election law adopted in 1909 2. Needed candidate with courage, zeal and political know-how 3. San Francisco lawyer named Hiram Johnson

B. Gubernatorial Campaign of 1910

1. Reluctantly agrees to become candidate for Lincoln-Roosevelt League 2. Campaigned for the primary by touring the state by automobile

C. Johnson really won Two Elections

1. Republican primaries--overcame four opponents 2. General election, won over a liberal Democrat

D. Johnson's Reforms and Record

1. Elections of 1912 and 1916

QUESTIONS:

1. What qualities did Johnson have that made him a successful campaigner? 2. Whom did he promiseto "kick out of politics"?

References: Bean, Ch. 26, 27 Rolle, Ch. 28 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References: Caughey; Chs. 29-32, California Hichborn, Franklin; Story of the California Legislature of 1911 Melendy, & Gilbert; Governors of California Mowry, George; California Progressives IX. POLITICS IN THE 1920'S AND 1930'S

During the 1920's and 1930's California was virtually a one-party state. Although no Republican governor was re-elected for a second term after Hiram Johnson's election in 1910 and again in 1914, the Democrats were unable to gain enough strength to capture the governor's office. The state legislature was also controlled by the Republicans.

A. Governors--good and bad 1. "Sunny Jim" Ralph, ex-mayor of San Francisco was the depression governor. 2. 3. , first Democrat to be governor since

B. Political panaceas 1. Epic campaign of 1934 and Upton Sinclair 2. Townsend Movement 3. "Ham and Eggs" campaign

C. Culbert Olson election in 1938 1. Support of labor and the promise to pardon Tom Mooney

QUESTIONS: When did the Democrats gain a majority of the registered voters? Why didn't they win until 1938?

References: Bean, Ch. 27 Rolle, Ch. 28 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References: Mowry; California Progressives Ryan, Leo. J.; Understanding California Government & Politics Sinclair, Upton; I, Candidate for Governor Turner, Henry & John Vieg; The Government & Politics of California X. THE AGE OF EARL WARREN

Although Earl Warren served as governor of the state during the difficult period of World War II, he was able to maintain a middle of the road, bi- partisan administration and was the only governor ever elected for three terms

A. Training and Experience

1. District Attorney of Alameda County 2. Attorney General in 1938

B. Three Terms as Governor

1. 1942--against Culbert Olson 2. 1946--against Robert Kenny 3. 1950--against

C. Presidential Campaign of 1948

1. Thomas Dewey and Earl Warren

D. Appointed Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court by President Eisenhower

E. Warren's Achievements

1. Bipartisan administration 2. Accumulated $400,000,000 surplus to aid post war adjustments

QUESTIONS:

1. How was Warren able to win three elections for governor? 2. What other governors were elected for two terms?

References: Bean, Ch. 27 Rolle, Ch. 35 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References: Caughey, Robert; From Wilderness to Empire, Ch. 33 Melendy, Brett and Benjamin Gilbert; The Governor's of California Stone, Irving; Earl Warren A Great American Story XI. PAT BROWN AND THE DEMOCRATIC AVALANCHE

From 1934 to 1956 the majority of the voters were registered democratic in California but the majority of the states elected office holders were Republican. Finally, Edmund "Pat" Brown was able to crash through with a victory in 1958 and sweep Democrats into almost all state offices.

A. Reasons for the avalanche of 1958

1. Odd voting of Democrats 2. Changes of 1958 3. Split in the Republican party

B. Edmund "Pat" Brown

1. His background and training 2. The political conditions in California

C. Brown's Achievements

1. Fourth governor to be re-elected 2. Water development, higher education plans and reorganization of executive department.

QUESTIONS: 1. Why did the Democrats vote Republicans into state office for so long? 2. What split in the Republican ranks gave Brown a big victory in 1958?

References: Bean, Ch. 27 and 29 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References: Brown, S. and Ernest W. Thacher; Politics and Government in California (6th ed., N.Y., 1969) Harris, Joseph; California Politics Rolle; Ch. 28 and Ch. 35 Ryan, Leo J.;Understanding California Government and Politics XII. LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT AND

In 1926 the State Constitution was amended to set up the "Federal Plan " for the State Senate. Representation would be on the basis of counties rather than population. In 1964 U. S. Supreme Court ruled that both houses of the state legislature be appor- tioned on a "one man, one vote basis".

A. History of sectionalism and representation

1. First Constitution 2. Effects of population growth

B. The Supreme Court Decisions

1. Plans for reapportionment 2. The effects of the reapportionment

C. Election of Ronald Reagan in 1966

1. His first term achievements 2. His re-election in 1970

QUESTIONS:

1. Why did the rural areas feel that the "Federal Plan" gave them protection? 2. Why did the urban areas object to it?

References:

Bean, Ch, 41 Rolle, Ch. 36 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References:

Allen, Don; Legislative Source Book; The California Legislature and Reapportionment Jewell, Malcolm; The Politics of Reapportionment Ryan, Leo J; Understanding California Government and politics XIII. POPULATION GROWTH IN RURAL CALIFORNIA

In the last century California has had a phenomenal growth in population, doubling every twenty years while the population of the has been increasing only 40% every twenty years. From 1860 to 1960 the state's population increased forty-fold while the nation's increased only four and a half times.

A. Growth by Decades

1. Brief history of population growth 2. Auto boom of the twenties 3. Dustbowl boom of the thirties 4. War boom of the forties 5. Urbanization of the fifties 6. California moves into first place in the sixties

B. Population Characteristics

1. Location 2. Occupation 3. Age and Sex 4. Problems created

QUESTIONS:

1. What pressures and attractions brought people to California? 2. What decade showed the most rapid increase?

References: Bean, Ch. 41 Rolle, Ch. 36 Wood, Ch. 14

Further References: Caughey; California, Ch. 35 'California: After 19 million, What?' Population Bulletin, V. XXII, No. 2 June 1966 Gordon, Margaret S.; Employment Expansion and Population Growth, the California Experience Thompson, Warren S.; Growth and Changes in California Population XIV. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN CALIFORNIA'S POPULATION

California, more than any other state, has drawn her population from many ethnic sources--from the orient, from Latin America and from the South. This Growth has brought about misunderstanding conflicts as the urban areas became densely populated.

A. History of minority groups in the California population

1. Mexican-Americans 2. Chinese-Americans 3. Japanese-Americans 4. Filipino-Americans 5. Black-Americans 6. Indian-Americans

B. Assimilation Problems

1. Conflicts 2. Contributions 3. Adjustments

QUESTIONS:

1. What was California's first minority group. 2. Which ethnic group has contributed the most to California?

References:

Bean, Ch. 41

Further References:

Lee, Rose Hum; The Chinese in the United States Kung, Shien Woo; Chinese in American Life Quinn, Frank; Indians of California, Past and Present Kroeber, Theodora; Ishi in Two Worlds

Special References:

California; Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Fair Employment practices: (Series of Pamphlets) "Californians of Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino Ancestry" also "Negro Calif- fornians", Californians of Spanish Surname", "Negroes and Mexican Americans in South and East Los Angeles". XV. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTIVE AGENCIES

As California grew rapidly, naturally the various ethnic groups brought about conflicts and crime challenged the law enforcement and corrective agencies.

A. Law Enforcement in California

1. Problems 2. Responsibilities 3. Philosophy

B. Agencies

1. California Youth Authority 2. Department of Youth and Adult Correction Agency 3. Board of Corrections 4. Institutions

QUESTIONS: 1. How has the attitude changed about imprisonment of people in recent years? 2. What is the purpose of incarceration--punishment or reform?

References: Bean, Ch. 39 Wood, Ch. 15

Further References: Lipset, Seymour and Seldon S. Wolin (Editors); The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretation Older, Fremont; My Own Story Storke, Thomas; I write for Freedom XVI. CALIFORNIA PHYSICAL TRAGEDIES--SAN FRANCISCO FIRE AND EARTHQUAKE OF 1906

Earthquakes of damaging proportions had been a familiar California phenomenon from very early times. The first record of an earthquake was made by Father Juan Crespi in 1769 with the Portola Expedition near the Santa Ana River. The most severe earthquake in California was in Owens Valley in 1872.

A. Cause of San Francisco Earthquake

1. San Andreas Fault Shifting 2. Runs from Cape Mendocino to Mexican Border directly under San Francisco 3. Date - April 18, 1906 - lasted three minutes

B. Fire Followed the Quake

1. Worst in Nation 2. No water and only recourse was dynamite 3. Compare with Fire

C. Damage to other parts of Northern California

1. Stanford University

D. Relief and Reconstruction

1. Total extent of destruction 2. Estimated time for reconstruction, 5 years

QUESTIONS: 1 What causes earthquakes? 2: Which did the most damage, earthquake or fire?

References: Bean, Ch. 26 Wood, Ch. 13

Further References: Aitken, Frank W.; A History of the Earthquake and Fire in San Francisco Banks, C.E.; History of the San Francisco Disaster and Mt. Vesuvius Horror Bronson; The Earth Shook and the Sky Burned Iacopi (Sunset) Earhtquake Country Morris, Charles; The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire XV11. LABOR CONFLICT - THE BOMBING OF THE LOS ANGELES TIMES

One of the most striking developments in the economic life of California was the rapid rise of organized labor in the late 1800's and early 1900's

A. Rise of Labor and Conflict with Management

1. Strikes in San Francisco in 1901 and 1907 2. The Labor Union Party Formed 3. San Francisco strongest Unionized city in country

B. Los Angeles Becomes Scene of Conflict

1. Began with typographers walkout in 1890 2. Harrison Gray Otis owner of Los Angeles Times 3. Organized Merchants and Manufactures Association 4. Climax in conflict in summer of 1910

C. Bombing of Los Angeles Times

1. Bomb exploded October 1st at one A.M. - 20 men killed 2. Three men arrested - professional saboteurs 3. James and John McNamera and Artie McManigal 4. Clarence Darrow, defendant lawyer 5. Pleaded guilty and James McNamara given

QUESTIONS: 1. Why was the conflict the sharpest in Los Angeles? 2. What effect did the Times bombing have on organized labor?

References: Beans, Ch. 24 Rolle, Ch. 31 Wood, Ch. 17

Further References: Burns, William J.; The Masked War Cross, Ira Brown; History of the Labor Movement of California Darrow, Clarence; The Story of My Life McIntire, Davis; The Labor Force in California Selnin, David; Sky Full of Storm Strinson, Grace H.; Rise of the Labor Movement in Los Angeles Wientraub, Hyman; The I.W.W. in California XVIII. TOM MOONEY AND WARREN BILLINGS CASE

By 1916, World War I was in full intensity and there were increasing indications that the United States might be forced into it. To stimulate interest in National Defense a series of "Preparedness Day" parades were held in the larger cities.

A. Preparedness Day parade bombed in San Francisco

1. July 22, 1916, bomb exploded at Stewart and Market Street 2. Ten persons killed - forty injured

B. Arrest of Tom Mooney and Warren Billings

1. Aggressive radicals and labor organizer 2. Mooney a member Molder's Union

C. Trial

1. Billings found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment 2. Mooney convicted on testimony of Frank Oxman 3. Labor leaders claimed they were framed

D. Efforts to Free Mooney

1. President Wilson investigated 2. Becomes a cause celebre 3. Governor Olson pardoned Mooney and freed Billings in 1939

QUESTIONS: 1 Why did labor feel that Mooney was framed? 2: Which political party favored release of Mooney and Billings?

References: Bean, Ch. 24 Rolle, Ch. 31 Wood, Ch. 17

Further References: Burns, William; The Masked War Cross, Ira B.; History of the Labor Movement of California Hopkins, Ernest J.; What Happened in the Mooney Case? Hunt, Thomas J.; The Case of and Warren Billings McWilliams, Carey; California the Great Exception X1X. World War 11 and Industrial Growth

Before World War 11, California's economy was based on the production of raw materials from farming, mining and lumbering. The manufacturing that did exist was geared to the California Consumer and to a few other widely scattered and limited western markets.

A Effects of the War on California Industry

1. Tremendous expansion of manufacturing 2. Manufactured articles make up two-thirds of the California gross product

B. California as a Leading State in Industry

1. Aircraft, Missiles and Electronics 2. Clothing and Furniture 3. Steel and Automobiles 4. Power 5. Forest Industries 6. Fishing and Food Processing

QUESTIONS: 1. What were the reasons for California surging to the front as an industrial state? 2. How does California rank among states in wine production?

References: Bean, Ch. 34 Wood, Ch. 16

Further References: Archibald, Katherine; Wartime Shipyard; A Study in Social Disunity Cunningham, William; The Aircraft Industry, A Study in Industrial Location Fuchs, Victor R.; Changes in the Location of Manufacturing in the United States since 1929 XX. HOLLYWOOD, THE MOTION PICTURE CAPITAL

The early center of film production was New York but for various reasons the most important climate, the industry began to migrate toward Los Angeles in first decade of the 20th century. It seemed to have every- thing that was needed - climate, sunlight, varied scenery and cheap pro- duction costs.

A. History of the Industry

1. 's photographs of trotting horses 2. Thomas Edison invents motion picture camera 3. First picture produced in Los Angeles, "Count of Monte Christo" 4. About 1911 movie industry started to move into Hollywood

B. Great productions and producers

1. David W. Griffith's "The Birth of a Nation" in 1915 was begining of modern movie 2. "The Jazz Singer"starring Al Jolson was first sound picture and revolutionized industry 3. Cecil B. DeMille -"The King of Kings"and"Cleopatra" 4. "Gone With the Wind", most popular film

C. Importance of the Industry

1. More than 800 companies and over 30,000 people 2. Importance of television

QUESTIONS: 1. Why did the movie industry move to Hollywood? 2. What effect had the introduction of sound movies?

Reference: Bean, Ch.31 Rolle, Ch.33 Wood, Ch. 16

Further References: Hampton, Benjamin B.; A History of the Movies Hendriks, Gordon; The Edison Motion Picture Myth Jacobs, Lewis; The Rise of the American Film, A Critical History Rumsoye, Terry; A Million and one Nights: A History of the Motion Picture Through 1925 Rosten, Leo C.; Hollywood; The Movie Colony; The Movie Makers Chaplin, Charles; My Autobiography XX1. OIL - BLACK GOLD

Petroleum was known in California during the Spanish and Mexican periods, but there was little use for it at that time. It was not until after the invention of the Automobile that gasoline became important.

A. History of Oil Discoveries

1. Seepages of asphalt used by Spanish-Mexicans 2. First oil boom in 1860's 3. Important discoveries in 1880's and 1890's in southern California and San Joaquin Valley 4. Edward Doheny oil well in Los Angeles in 1892 5. In 1921 two strikes - Signal Hill near Long Beach and at Santa Fe Springs near Whittier

B. Extent and Importance of Oil Industry 1. Effect of World War 11 2. In 1969, California ranked third in nation 3. More than a million barrels a day pumped from 31,000 oil wells

QUESTIONS: 1. Why was the drilling and production of oil slow in its development? 2. In what areas of the state has oil development been the greatest?

Reference: Bean, Ch. 30 Rolle, Ch. 29 Wood, Ch. 16

Further References: Cleland and Hardy; March of Industry Bartley, E.T.; The Tidelands Oil Controversy Hutchison, W.H.; Oil, Land and Politics; The California Career of Thomas Robert Bard Latta, Frank; Black Gold in the San Joaquin Taylor, Frank; and Earl Welty, Black Bonanza: How an Oil Hunt Grew into the Union Oil Company White, Gerald; Formative years in the Far West; A History of the Standard Oil Company of California XXII. TOURISM AND RECREATION

California attracts over seven million tourists each year and they spend nearly two billion dollars. It has become one of California's most important industries.

A. What Attracts Tourists

1. History of it's significance 2. Climate and scenery 3. National and State Parks 4. Mountains, lakes and beaches

B. Extent and Importance

1. Travel made easy by over 14,000 miles of highways and over 3,000 miles of freeways 2. All major airlines serve California 3. Between 7 and 8 million visitors each year 4. One out of every 20 jobs dependent on tourism

QUESTIONS: 1. Why do people come to California? 2. How do they come?

References:. Bean, Chs. 30 and 41 Wood, Ch. 16

Further Reference: California Highways, by Ben Blow manager of the Good Roads Bureau of the California State Automobile Association Riesenberg, Felix; The Golden Road Sunset Magazine, National Parks Sunset Magazine, State Parks XXIII. CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND AIR TRAVEL

The discovery of the great pools of underground oil in the Los Angeles area in the 1920's came at the same time and in the same area where use of the automobile was spreading more rapidly than any other time and place in history.

A. The automobile brings demands for highways

1. Invention of the automobile by Daimler and Benz in Germany in 1885 2. Duryea brothers first motorcar in U.S. in 1893 3. Henry Ford and Ransome Olds pioneered

B. Highway Movement

1. California Bureau of Highways created in 1895 with research and advisory power 2. In 1900, Auto Club of Southern California in Los Angeles and California State Auto Association in San Francisco battle for good roads 3. Governor Johnson appointed first Highway Commission in 1911 4. Bond issues passed in 1909, 1916 and 1919 and Federal Highway Aid Act passed in 1916 5. The "Automobile revolution"

C. Rise of the Aircraft Industry

1. Affect of World War I 2. In 1920's Donald Douglas formed company 3. In 1922, Claude Ryan established first daily airline serves in U.S. between and Los Angeles 4. Ryan Aircraft Company built "Spirit of St. Louis" 5. Effect of World War II and Government Contracts 6. Present conditions

QUESTIONS: 1. Who built roads before the State Highway Commission was created? 2. How does California rank in aircraft production?

References: Bean, Ch. 30 and 34 Wood, Ch. 16 Rolle, Ch. 35

Further References: Allen, A. & Betty Schneider; Industrial Relations in California Aircraft Industry Bellamy, Patridge; Fill'er Up! Fifty Years of Motoring Cohn, David,L.; Combustion on Wheels Risenberg; The Golden Road Taylor, F. & Lawton Wright; Democracy's Air Arsenal XXIV. EDUCATION EFFORTS IN THE 20th CENTURY

The citizens of California have made their greatest demands on the state government in the field of education--insisting on the best possible train- ing for the youth of California. Over one-third of the state budget goes for the support of education.

A. History of Public Education

1. The first state constitution provided that the 500,000 acres of federal land should be used for a free public school system 2. It provided for common school system 3. First public elementary school was in San Francisco in 1850 and first public high school opened in 1858

B. Higher Education in California

1. Publicly supported higher education takes three forms: University of California, State Colleges and Junior or Community Colleges. 2. University of California chartered in 1868 and opened 1869; now nine campuses. 3. State Colleges opened first as teacher training schools in 1862; now 18 campuses 4. Junior or Community College first opened in Fresno in 1909; now 93 campuses.

C. Organizing and Financing Public Schools

1. Extent of public schools 2. Financing is problem of Federal, State and local governments 3. Problems--financing, housing, teachers

QUESTIONS: 1. Which level of government has the basic responsibility for education? 2. Why has it been difficult for California to solve the educational challenges?

References: Bean, Ch. 22 Rolle, Ch. 27 and 36 Wood, Ch. 15

Further References: Ferrier, William; Henry Durant Ferrier, William W.; 90 Years of Education in California Ferrier, William W.; Origin and Development of the University of Calif. Hunt, Rockwell D.; History of the University of the Pacific XXV. STRUGGLE FOR WATER--OWENS VALLEY & THE ST. FRANCIS DAM DISASTERS

Even in the days of Spanish occupation, water was a major problem and many of the missions developed their own irrigation system. As population grew the problem became more acute, especially in dry Southern California.

A. The Los Angeles Water proglem

1. The Los Angeles River and Wells were the source up to 1900 2. Ex-mayor, Fred Eaton and chief engineer, plan to bring water from the Sierra, 232 miles north in Owens Valley 3. Bond issue passed for $25,000,000 and construction began in 1908 and completed in 1913.

B. Controversy with Farmers of Owens Valley 1. In 1920's increasing population in Los Angeles required more water 2. Several dry years and not enough water for farmers 3. Decision of the City to buy the cultivated ranches and let them go back to desert. 4. Controversy resulted in violence and dynamiting 5. Finally, the City agreed to buy all ranches and even town property and now owns the valley

C. St. Francis Dam Collapse 1. Reservoir above Santa Clara River Valley 2. March 12, 1928 dam collapsed and 385 people lost their lives

QUESTIONS: 1. Why did the City of Los Angeles create bitter opposition of the farmers in Owens Valley? 2. Why did the St. Francis Dam collapse?

Reference: Bean, Ch. 28 Wood, Ch. 19 Rolle, Ch. 30

Further References: Austin, Mary; Land of Little Rain Chalfant, Will; The Story of Inyo Mayo, Morrow; History of Los Angeles Nadeau, Remi; The Water Seekers Outland, Charles; Man-Made Disaster: The Story of the St. Francis [AIM Wood, R. Coke; The Los Angeles-Owens Valley Water Controversy unpublished master's thesis at the University of Pacific XXVI. THE COLORADO RIVER PROJECT

As the Los Angeles area continued to grow, the City of Los Angeles must turn to other sources for her water supply and that was the Colorado River.

A. Hoover Dam Project

1. Located in Black Canyon between states of Arizona and Nevada and forty miles from nearest point in California 2. Compact between seven states signed in 1922 3. Act of Congress in 1928 started work and completed in 1936 in five years 4. Size: 726 feet and forms Lake Mead

B. Multiple Purpose 1. Flood control 2. Irrigation 3. Metropolitan water supply 4. Silt control 5. Power development

C. Parker Dam and Imperial Dam on lower Colorado

QUESTIONS: 1. What are the main functions of the Hoover Dam? 2. What are the functions of Parker & Imperial Dams?

References: Bean, Ch. 32 Wood, Ch. 19 Rolle, Ch. 30

Further References: Kleinsorge, P. L; Boulder Canyon Project Terrell, John U.; War for the Colorado River Wilbur, Ray L,& Elwood Mead; Construction of Hoover Dam Woodbury, David; The Colorado Conquest XXVII THE CENTRAL VALLEY WATER PROJECT AND THE STATE WATER PLAN

It has been said that theoretically, California has all the water it needs. The trouble is that its rain and snow come at the wrong places at the wrong time. Most of the rain and snow falls in the North where there is much less than half the arable land. The problem is to get the water from where there is too much to where there is too little. This is the problem of Central Valley Project.

A. Nature of the Problem

1. Central Valley is 500 miles long 2. North drained by Sacramento River, South by the 3. Not enough water--need 20 inches of rainfall 4. Poorly destributed 5. Conflicting interest and falling water table

B. Central Valley Project

1. Efforts of the state failed and in 1935 taken on by United States Bureau of Reclamation--a $400,000,000 Project 2. Multiple-purpose but basically for irrigation 3. The main features of the program a. Shasta and Friant Dams b. Delta-Mendota Canal c. Auburn and Folson Canals are being built

C. State Water Plan

1. Burns-Porter Act to provide bonds of $1.75 billion passed in 1960. 2. Main features a. Orville Dam on the Feather River b. Delta peripheral canal c. Delta pumping plant near Tracy d. California aqueduct from Tracy to Riverside e. San Luis Reservoir f. Multiple-purpose

QUESTIONS:

1. Which of these water projects are financed by the Federal Government. 2. What is the acrage limitation for use of the federally developed water.

References:

Bean, Ch. 32 Rolle, Ch. 30 Wood, Ch. 19

Further References:

Caughey, John; California, Ch. 32 Clawson, Mary and Mary Montgomery; History of Legislation and Policy Formation of the Central Valley Project Harding, S. T.; Water in California May, Viola; Shasta Dam and its Builders Roos, Robert D.; The Thirsty Land: The Story of the Central Valley Project. XXVIII CALIFORNIA'S FABULOUS AGRICULTURE

California has the most diversified agriculture of any region in the world. This diversity is a result of the states' varied topography, soils and climate.

A. Historical Development

1. Earley missions grew many products 2. Missions developed irrigation 3. Mexican period-cattle 4. Early American-grass and cattle 5. After 1960's-grain and after 1890 diversification

B. Characteristics

1. Growth 2. Size 3. Vast Laboratory 4. Leader in Mechanization 5. Specialization

QUESTIONS:

1. What has been the three general periods of development of California agriculture? 2. How does it's total production compare with other states?

References:

Been, Ch. 23 Rolle, Ch. 30 Wood, Ch. 20-39

Further References:

Alexander, J. A.; The Life of George Chaffey Cleland; Wilderness to Empire, Ch. 26 Clawson, Mary; Long term Outlook for Western Agriculture Hall, William; Irrigation in California McWilliams, Carey; California, The Great Exception " Factories in the Fields XXIX CITRUS AND COTTON SUPERIORITY

The citrus industry has been the glamour crop in California agriculture from the beginning. It has been only in recent years that cotton has developed into one of the most valuable crops.

A. Citrus Industry

1. History 2. First oranges grown (golden apple) 3. Naval orange developed 4. Fruit Growers Exchange 5. Decline of orange industry 6. Recent Changes 7. Lemon and grapefruit industry

B. Cotton Industry

1. History of cotton industry in Califoria 2. Importance and rank 3. Reasons for superior yield-large, irrigated and mechanized 4. One-variety, Acala 4-42

QUESTIONS:

1. What are the reasons for the decline of the citrus industry in California? 2. Why does California rank so high in cotton production?

References:

Bean, Ch. 23 Rolle, Ch. 30 Wood, Chs. 20-39

Further References:

Caughey, John; California McWilliams, Carey; Southern California Country and . California, the Great Exception Smith, Wallace; Garden of the Sun XXX RECENT CALIFORNIA LITERATURE

California has always attracted the writers and authors of ability and many of them began their career in California and went on to national fame.

A. Women who have gained literary fame

1. Mary Austin 2. Kathleen Norris 3. 4. Ina Collbrith

B. Recent literary contribution of men

1. Lincoln Steffins 2. Charles F. Lumnies 3. Upton Sinclair 4. Robinson Jeffers 5. John Steinbeck 6. William Soroyan 7. George R. Stewart and others

QUESTIONS:

1., Which of the women writers made the greatest literary con- tribution? 2. What was Steinbeck's greatest publication?

References:

Bean, Ch. 35 Rolle, Ch. 35

Further References:

Caughey, John and Laree, (editors) ; California Heritage Moore, Harry J.; The Novels of John Steinbeck Pearsall, Robert and Ursula S. Erickson; (editors) The Californians: Writings of their past and present Powell, Lawrence C.; Robinson Jeffers: The Man and His Works Wilson, Edmund, The Boys in the Back Room; Notes on California Novelists XXXI TWENTIETH CENTURY SAN FRANCISCO

It has been said that there are only three distinctive American cities- New York, New Orleans, and San Francisco. Certainly San Francisco has survived disasters of fire and earthquake that would give it a distinctive character. The mingling of the many races of the Pacific in a harmonious human pattern adds color to its life. Great achievements many times rest upon devastating tragedies and this is true with the City by the Golden Gate. In 1906 the city was destroyed by earthqake and fire, and from this tragedy the modern city has arisen. When the future of the city was threatened by modern traffic congestion, methods were sought to solve the problem. This resulted in the construction of the gigantic bridges and amazing pattern of freeways that now transport traffic speedily into and out of the city.

A. Tragic Episodes

1. Earthquake and Fire in 1906 2. Preparedness Day Parade Bombing

B. Achievements

1. Bridges and Freeways 2. International Expositions 3. Creating of the United Nations Organization 4. Bart-Bay area rapid transit

QUESTIONS:

1. Why did the Mooney Case become a political issue? 2. What has been the largest historical event in San Francisco's history?

References:

Bean, Chs. 36, 40, 41 Rolle, Ch. 28

Further References:

Atherton, Gertrude; Golden Gate Country Caen, Herbert E.; Bagdad by the Bay Caughey, John; California, Chs. 27, 30, 38 Cleland, Robert; From Wilderness to Empire, Ch. 5. Dickson, Samuel; San Francisco is Your Home San Francisco Kaleidscope The Streets of San Francisco Dobie, Charles C.; San Francisco: A Pageant Jackson, Joseph H.; My San Francisco The Western Gate Lewis, Oscar; Mission to Metroplis O'Brien, Robert; This is San Francisco Sunset Books: San Francisco XXXII TWENTIETH CENTURY LOS ANGELES

Probably the most amazing thing about the City of the Angeles is its size both in area and in population. During the years of World War II The population increased 300,000 which was almost as much as the total population of Southern California in 1900. Los Angeles increased from a population of 100,000 in 1900 to almost three million in 1970. This rapid increase has brought problems, such as the need for more water, an irritating smog, and a paralyzing traffic congestion. The solution of these problems is the story of Los Angeles in this century.

A. Tragic Episodes

1. Bombing of the Los Angeles Times 2. Breaking of the San Francisquito Reservoir Dam 3. Smog, a Health Hazard 4. Paralyzing traffic problems 5. Watts Riots

B. Achievements

1. Struggle for a Deep-Water Harbor at San Pedro 2. Hollywood and the Movies 3. Population Growth 4. Transportation Problems Solved by Freeways 5. Metropolitan Water District 6. Effects of World War II

QUESTIONS:

1. When did Los Angeles pass San Francisco in population? 2. What modern problem has been most difficult for Los Angeles to solve?

References:

Bean, Chs. 26, 34, 41 Caughey, Chs. 30, 31, 34 Cleland, In Our Times, Chs. 5, 7, 14 Rolle, Chs. 29, 36, 37

Further References:

Adamic, Louis; Dynamite Caughey, California, Chs. 30, 31, 34 Cleland, In Our Times, Chs. 5, 7, 14 Cross, Ira; A History of the Labor Movement Hampton, Benjamin; A History of the Movies Jacobs, Lewis; The Rise of American Film Mayo, Morrow, Los Angeles McGroarty, John S.; History of Los Angeles McWilliams, Carey; Southern California Country Rosten, Leo C.; Hollr,good: The Movie Colony and the Movie Makers Scott, Mellier Goodwin; Metropolitan Los Angeles: One Community Sunset Books; Los Angeles CALIFORNIA HISTORY, TV-37b

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Atherton, Gertrude; Golden Gate Country Alexander, F. A.; The Life of George Chaffey Archibald, Katherine; Wartime Shipyards: A Study in Social Disunity

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