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Exposure to Carcinogens and Work-Related Cancer: a Review of Assessment Methods
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work ISSN: 1831-9343 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment methods European Risk Observatory Report Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment measures Authors: Dr Lothar Lißner, Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Mr Klaus Kuhl (task leader), Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Dr Timo Kauppinen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Ms Sanni Uuksulainen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Cross-checker: Professor Ulla B. Vogel from the National Working Environment Research Centre in Denmark Project management: Dr Elke Schneider - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers, or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet ( 48TU http://europa.euU48T). Cataloguing data can be found on the cover of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN: 978-92-9240-500-7 doi: 10.2802/33336 Cover pictures: (clockwise): Anthony Jay Villalon (Fotolia); ©Roman Milert (Fotolia); ©Simona Palijanskaite; ©Kari Rissa © European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 1 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: -
Carcinogens Are Mutagens
-Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 70, No. 8, pp. 2281-2285, August 1973 Carcinogens are Mutagens: A Simple Test System Combining Liver Homogenates for Activation and Bacteria for Detection (frameshift mutagens/aflatoxin/benzo(a)pyrene/acetylaminofluorene) BRUCE N. AMES, WILLIAM E. DURSTON, EDITH YAMASAKI, AND FRANK D. LEE Biochemistry Department, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720 Contributed by Bruce N. Ames, May 14, 1973 ABSTRACT 18 Carcinogens, including aflatoxin Bi, methylsulfoxide (Me2SO), spectrophotometric grade, was ob- benzo(a)pyrene, acetylaminofluorene, benzidine, and di- tained from Schwarz/Mann, sodium phenobarbital from methylamino-trans-stilbene, are shown to be activated by liver homogenates to form potent frameshift mutagens. Mallinckrodt, aflatoxin B1 from Calbiochem, and 3-methyl- We believe that these carcinogens have in common a ring cholanthrene from Eastman; 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene system sufficiently planar for a stacking interaction with was a gift of P. L. Grover. Schuchardt (Munich) was the DNA base pairs and a part of the molecule capable of being source for the other carcinogens. metabolized to a reactive group: these structural features are discussed in terms of the theory of frameshift muta- Bacterial Strains used are mutants of S. typhimurium LT-2 genesis. We propose that these carcinogens, and many have been discussed in detail others that are mutagens, cause cancer by somatic muta- and (2). tion. A simple, inexpensive, and extremely sensitive test for Source Liver. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley/Bio-1 strain, detection of carcinogens as mutagens is described. It con- of sists of the use of a rat or human liver homogenate for Horton Animal Laboratories) were maintained on Purina carcinogen activation (thus supplying mammalian metab- laboratory chow. -
CA004600 SDS.Pdf
Safety Data Sheet SECTION 1: Identification 1.1. Product Identifier Trade Name or Designation: Ammonium Bifluoride, 15.5 g/L, Aqueous Product Number: A-0046 Other Identifying Product Numbers: A-0046-4L 1.2. Recommended Use and Restrictions on Use General Laboratory Reagent 1.3. Details of the Supplier of the Safety Data Sheet Company: Reagents Inc. Address: 4746 Sweden Road Charlotte, NC 28224 USA Telephone: 800-732-8484 1.4. Emergency Telephone Number (24 hr) CHEMTREC (USA) 800-424-9300 CHEMTREC (International) 1+ 703-527-3887 SECTION 2: Hazard(s) Identification 2.1. Classification of the Substance or Mixture (in accordance with OSHA HCS 29 CFR 1910.1200) For the full text of the Hazard and Precautionary Statements listed below, see Section 16. Hazard Hazard Class Category Statement Precautionary Statements Skin Corrosion / Irritation Category 1 H314 P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 Eye Damage / Irritation Category 1 H318 P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 Specific Target Organs/Systemic Toxicity Following Single Category 1 H370 P260, P264, P270, P307+P311, P321, P405, Exposure P501 Specific Target Organs/Systemic Toxicity Following Repeated Category 2 H373 P260, P314, P501 Exposure Corrosive to Metals Category 1 H290 P234, P390, P406 Product Number: A-0046 Page 1 of 10 Safety Data Sheet 2.2. GHS Label Elements Pictograms: Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statements: Hazard Number Hazard Statement H290 May be corrosive to metals. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H318 Causes serious eye damage. H370 Causes damage to organs. H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. -
Ammonium Bifluoride CAS No
Product Safety Summary Ammonium Bifluoride CAS No. 1341-49-7 This Product Safety Summary is intended to provide a general overview of the chemical substance. The information on the summary is basic information and is not intended to provide emergency response information, medical information or treatment information. The summary should not be used to provide in-depth safety and health information. In-depth safety and health information can be found in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the chemical substance. Names • Ammonium bifluoride (ABF) • Ammonium difluoride • Ammonium acid fluoride • Ammonium hydrogen difluoride • Ammonium fluoride compound with hydrogen fluoride (1:1) Product Overview Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell ammonium bifluoride directly to consumers. Ammonium bifluoride is used in industrial applications and in other processes where workplace exposures can occur. Ammonium bifluoride (ABF) is used for cleaning and etching of metals before they are further processed. It is used as an oil well acidifier and in the etching of glass or cleaning of brick and ceramics. It may also be used for pH adjustment in industrial textile processing or laundries. ABF is available as a solid or liquid solution (in water). Ammonium bifluoride is a corrosive chemical and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes causing possible permanent eye damage. Breathing ammonium bifluoride can severely irritate and burn the nose, throat, and lungs, causing nosebleeds, cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. On contact with water or moist skin, ABF can release hydrofluoric acid, a very dangerous acid. Inhalation or ingestion of large amounts of ammonium bifluoride can cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Toxicological Profile for Radon
RADON 205 10. GLOSSARY Some terms in this glossary are generic and may not be used in this profile. Absorbed Dose, Chemical—The amount of a substance that is either absorbed into the body or placed in contact with the skin. For oral or inhalation routes, this is normally the product of the intake quantity and the uptake fraction divided by the body weight and, if appropriate, the time, expressed as mg/kg for a single intake or mg/kg/day for multiple intakes. For dermal exposure, this is the amount of material applied to the skin, and is normally divided by the body mass and expressed as mg/kg. Absorbed Dose, Radiation—The mean energy imparted to the irradiated medium, per unit mass, by ionizing radiation. Units: rad (rad), gray (Gy). Absorbed Fraction—A term used in internal dosimetry. It is that fraction of the photon energy (emitted within a specified volume of material) which is absorbed by the volume. The absorbed fraction depends on the source distribution, the photon energy, and the size, shape and composition of the volume. Absorption—The process by which a chemical penetrates the exchange boundaries of an organism after contact, or the process by which radiation imparts some or all of its energy to any material through which it passes. Self-Absorption—Absorption of radiation (emitted by radioactive atoms) by the material in which the atoms are located; in particular, the absorption of radiation within a sample being assayed. Absorption Coefficient—Fractional absorption of the energy of an unscattered beam of x- or gamma- radiation per unit thickness (linear absorption coefficient), per unit mass (mass absorption coefficient), or per atom (atomic absorption coefficient) of absorber, due to transfer of energy to the absorber. -
Toxicological Profile for Hydrazines. US Department Of
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR HYDRAZINES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 1997 HYDRAZINES ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. HYDRAZINES iii UPDATE STATEMENT Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 HYDRAZINES vii CONTRIBUTORS CHEMICAL MANAGER(S)/AUTHOR(S): Gangadhar Choudhary, Ph.D. ATSDR, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA Hugh IIansen, Ph.D. ATSDR, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA Steve Donkin, Ph.D. Sciences International, Inc., Alexandria, VA Mr. Christopher Kirman Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH THE PROFILE HAS UNDERGONE THE FOLLOWING ATSDR INTERNAL REVIEWS: 1 . Green Border Review. Green Border review assures the consistency with ATSDR policy. 2 . Health Effects Review. The Health Effects Review Committee examines the health effects chapter of each profile for consistency and accuracy in interpreting health effects and classifying end points. 3. Minimal Risk Level Review. The Minimal Risk Level Workgroup considers issues relevant to substance-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs), reviews the health effects database of each profile, and makes recommendations for derivation of MRLs. HYDRAZINES ix PEER REVIEW A peer review panel was assembled for hydrazines. The panel consisted of the following members: 1. Dr. -
Chemical Compatibility Guide
Chemical Compatibility Guide Guide Applicable to the Following: PIG Portable Spill Containment Pool Guide Information This report is offered as a guide and was developed from information which, to the best of New Pig’s knowledge, was reliable and accurate. Due to variables and conditions of application beyond New Pig’s control, none of the data shown in this guide is to be construed as a guarantee, expressed or implied. New Pig assumes no responsibility, obligation, or liability in conjunction with the use or misuse of the information. PIG Spill Containment Pools are constructed from PVC-coated polyester fabric. The chemical resistance guide that follows shows the chemical resistance for the PVC layer only. This guide has been compiled to provide the user with general chemical resistance information. It does not reflect actual product testing. Ratings / Key or Ratings – Chemical Effect 1. Satisfactory to 72°F (22°C) 2. Satisfactory to 120°F (48°C) A = Excellent D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use. B = Good — Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration. N/A = Information not available. C = Fair — Moderate Effect, not recommended for continuous use. Softening, loss of strength, swelling may occur. Due to variables and conditions beyond our control, New Pig cannot guarantee that this product(s) will work to your satisfaction. To ensure effectiveness and your safety, we recommend that you conduct compatibility and absorption testing of your chemicals with this product prior to purchase. For additional questions or information, -
Ammonium Bifluoride ID: C1-102
Material Safety Data Sheet Material Name: Ammonium Bifluoride ID: C1-102 * * * Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification * * * Chemical Name: Ammonium Bifluoride, Technical Flake Grade Product Use: For Commercial Use Synonyms: Ammonium Fluoride; Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride; Ammonium hydrogendifluoride; Ammonium Difluoride; Acid Ammonium Fluoride. Supplier Information Chem One Ltd. Phone: (713) 896-9966 14140 Westfair East Dr Fax: (713) 896-7540 Houston, Texas 77041-1104 Emergency # (800) 424-9300 or (703) 527-3887 General Comments: FOR COMMERCIAL USE ONLY; NOT TO BE USED AS A PESTICIDE. NOTE: Emergency telephone numbers are to be used only in the event of chemical emergencies involving a spill, leak, fire, exposure, or accident involving chemicals. All non-emergency questions should be directed to customer service. * * * Section 2 - Composition / Information on Ingredients * * * CAS # Component Percent 1341-49-7 Ammonium Bifluoride > 94 12125-01-8 Ammonium Fluoride 4 Component Related Regulatory Information This product may be regulated have exposure limits or other information identified as the following: Fluorides (16984-48- 8), Fluorides, inorganic. Component Information/Information on Non-Hazardous Components This product is considered hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard Communication). * * * Section 3 - Hazards Identification * * * Emergency Overview Ammonium Bifluoride is a white, solid that consists of crystals or flakes with a pungent odor. This product is corrosive and causes severe irritation and burning of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Harmful or fatal if swallowed, inhaled or if absorbed through the skin. Chronic, low level exposure can lead to bone or dental fluorosis. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic vapors (e.g. ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, and nitrogen oxides). -
Massachusetts Chemical Fact Sheet
Massachusetts Chemical Fact Sheet on the heart and lungs, including pulmonary hemorrhage, Hydrogen Fluoride pulmonary edema, and bronchiolar ulceration. Deaths associated with HF exposure generally result either from This fact sheet is part of a series of chemical fact sheets 2 developed by TURI to help Massachusetts companies, pulmonary edema or from cardiac arrhythmias. community organizations and residents understand a Accidental releases have caused severe respiratory and chemical’s use and health/environmental effects, gastrointestinal symptoms among residents that live near as well as the availability of safer alternatives. the facility.2 Overview TABLE 1: HF Facts Chemical Formula HF Hydrogen fluoride (HF), also known as hydrofluoric acid, CAS Number 7664-39-3 is used primarily for metal cleaning and etching in o o Massachusetts. Nationally, HF is mainly used to Vapor Pressure 760 mm Hg at 68 F (20 C) manufacture chemical refrigerants. Miscible in water; soluble in Solubility ether, soluble in many organic HF is highly corrosive to all tissues and any contact with solvents HF liquid or vapor can cause severe burns (sometimes with Flash point Nonflammable delayed onset), necrosis, and death. Skin contact with HF Reacts violently with strong bases and many other may not cause immediate pain, so systemic poisoning can Reactivity compounds; reacts with water begin before the person is aware of the exposure. and steam to produce toxic and corrosive gases In 2017, Massachusetts facilities subject to TURA reported Colorless, fuming liquid or gas the use of over 230,000 pounds of HF. HF is designated at room temperature with a as a Higher Hazard Substance (HHS) under the Toxics Description sharp, irritating odor that Use Reduction Act (TURA), which lowered the humans can detect at low concentrations (0.04-0.13ppm)4 reporting threshold to 1,000 pounds/year, effective January 2016. -
Cancer Cause: Biological, Chemical and Physical Carcinogens
Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2354-323X) Vol. 6(9) pp. 303-306, September, 2018 Available online http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/mms/index.htm Copyright © 2018 Merit Research Journals Review Cancer Cause: Biological, Chemical and Physical Carcinogens Asst. Prof. Dr. Chateen I. Ali Pambuk* and Fatma Mustafa Muhammad Abstract College of Dentistry / University of Cancer arises from abnormal changes of cells that divide without control Tikrit and are able to spread to the rest of the body. These changes are the result of the interaction between the individual genetic factors and three *Corresponding Author Email: categories of external factors: a chemical carcinogens, radiation, hormonal [email protected]. imbalance, genetic mutations and genetic factors. Genetic deviation leads to Mobile phone No. 009647701808805 the initiation of the cancer process, while the carcinogen may be a key component in the development and progression of cancer in the future. Although the factors that make someone belong to a group with a higher risk of cancer, the majority of cancers actually occur in people who do not have known factors. The aim of this descriptive mini-review, generally, is to shed light on the main cause of cancer and vital factors in cellular system and extracellular system that may be involved with different types of tumors. Keywords: Cancer, Cancer cause, physical Carcinogens, Chemical carcinogens, biological carcinogens INTRODUCTION Carcinogen is any substance (radioactive or radiation) .Furthermore, the chemicals mostly involve as the that is directly involved in the cause of cancer. This may primary cause of cancer, from which dioxins, such as be due to the ability to damage the genome or to disrupt benzene, kibon, ethylene bipromide and asbestos, are cellular metabolism or both rendering the cell to be classified as carcinogens (IUPAC Recommendations, sensitive for cancer development. -
Detection of Carcinogens As Mutagens in the Salmonella/Microsome Test
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 950-954, March 1976 Medical Sciences Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals: Discussion* (prevention of cancer and genetic defects/somatic mutation/environmental insult to DNA) JOYCE MCCANN AND BRUCE N. AMES Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720 Contributed by Bruce N. Ames, January 7, 1976 ABSTRACT About 300 carcinogens and non-carcinogens Non-Carcinogens. Classification as to non-carcinogenicity of a wide variety of chemical types have been tested for mu- is usually difficult because of the varying completeness and tagenicity in the simple Salmonella/microsome test. The test uses bacteria as sensitive indicators of DNA damage, and modes of treatment in many studies and the statistical limi- mammalian liver extracts for metabolic conversion of carcin- tations inherent in animal tests (4, 8-10). Recent criteria for ogens to their active mutagenic forms. There is a high corre- adequate carcinogenicity tests are much more stringent (4, lation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity: 90% 8-10). The test should be of adequate duration (lifetime pre- (157/175) of the carcinogens were mutagenic in the test, in- ferred in rodents) in at least two animal species, at several cluding almost all of the known human carcinogens that dose levels, and positive controls should be of the same gen- were tested. Despite the severe limitations inherent in defin- ing non-carcinogenicity, few "non-carcinogens" showed any eral chemical type as the chemical under test. The applica- degree of mutagenicity [McCann et a]. (1975) Proc.