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Are Our Youth Receiving a Mixed Message About Gambling?

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Are Our Youth Receiving a Mixed Message About Gambling? Are our youth receiving a mixed message about gambling? Mary A. Lay, MPH, CHES, CPP Coordinator Indiana Problem Gambling Prevention Initiative Carole Nowicke, Ph.D., MLS Reference Librarian Indiana Prevention Resource Center AboutAbout youryour speakersspeakers • Mary A. Lay, MPH, CHES, CPP, Coordinator Indiana Problem Gambling Prevention Initiative —Over 20 years of experience in health education and substance abuse prevention. Served as the Coordinator for the first Indiana State Incentive Grant, as a prevention specialist and content expert • Carole E. Nowicke, Ph.D., M.L.S., Reference Librarian, Indiana Prevention Resource Center. Previous employers, Henry Ford Museum, U.S. Marine Corps Museum, Archivist of Navy Laboratories, Cancer Information Clearinghouse, Walden University Library, American Public University. Research Interests: Information Literacy, Oral History, Archives, American Studies, History of Medicine, History of Libraries. Indiana Prevention Resource Center PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline • IntroductionsIntroductions • DefineDefine GamblingGambling • GamblingGambling inin HistoryHistory • GatewayGateway DrugDrug ReviewReview • YouthYouth GamblingGambling PrevalencePrevalence • YouthYouth ExposureExposure toto GamblingGambling • WhatWhat isis ProblemProblem Gambling?Gambling? • WhereWhere dodo wewe gogo fromfrom here?here? Indiana Prevention Resource Center GamblingGambling vs.vs. GamesGames • Games are activities that involve one or more people, have a goal that is trying to be reached and rules to establish what can and can not be done. They are played primarily for enjoyment, but can have an educational role. • Gambling is any behavior that involves risking something of value. It can be a game or contest that the outcome is dependent upon chance or the ability to do something. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games Indiana Prevention Resource Center GamesGames oror Gambling?Gambling? • Bingo • Football • Lottery • Basketball • Horse Racing • Soccer • Poker • Car Racing • NCAA Pool • Monopoly • Keno • Backgammon • Black Jack • Stock Market • Slot Machines • Dice Indiana Prevention Resource Center Gambling in History “One of the few social activities that occurs in nearly all cultures and every period of time…” Jan McMillen George Caleb Bingham, Raftsmen Playing Cards, 1847. Dido Image Bank Indiana University Indiana Prevention Resource Center Gambling in History Lotteries for Worthy Causes A first class lottery ticket for the Jeffersonville Canal Company, an enterprise established by the Indiana legislature in 1818 for the purpose of building a canal at the Falls of the Ohio. (Library of Congress) Shelby College, KY Lottery, 1864 (Duke Digital Scriptorium) Indiana Prevention Resource Center Gambling in History “Like to see some stuck-up jockey boy sittin’ on Dan Patch?” The Music Man Miners playing poker and shooting craps down by the river bank. Clover Gap Mine, Harlan County, Kentucky, 1946 Dan Patch (National Archives) U.S. Trotting Association Indiana Prevention Resource Center YouthYouth Gambling:Gambling: ThenThen andand NowNow A group of Newsies playing Grant Kragnes (from right to left), Aren Dellick, craps in the jail alley at 10 P.M. Eric Erdmann and Brian McCann play a game Albany, N.Y., 1910. of poker Sunday, Oct 23, 2005, at Erdmann's (National Archives) home in Fargo, N.D.. The high schoolers often play poker with their parents approval. (AP Photo/The Forum, Britta Trygstad) Indiana Prevention Resource Center GatewayGateway DrugDrug UseUse “Gateway drug” hypothesis introduced by Denise Kandel, Science, 1975. Does not yet use “gateway” terminology, but predicts stages of drug use. Indiana Prevention Resource Center GatewayGateway SubstanceSubstance Abuse:Abuse: IndianaIndiana DataData “Cigarette Smoking as a Predictor of Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Children and Adolescents: Evidence of the ‘Gateway Drug Effect.’” (and subsequent school surveys) Torabi, Bailey, Madj-Jabbari: Journal of School Health, 1993 Indiana Prevention Resource Center GatewayGateway SubstanceSubstance AbuseAbuse ProgressionProgression Sequencing:Sequencing: UseUse ofof oneone substancesubstance precedesprecedes thethe useuse ofof anotheranother substancesubstance Association:Association: IncreasedIncreased useuse ofof secondsecond drugdrug duedue toto initiationinitiation ofof firstfirst drugdrug Causation:Causation: SignificantSignificant associationassociation existsexists eveneven whenwhen controllingcontrolling forfor allall confoundingconfounding factorsfactors Kandel, Yamaguchi, Klein (2006) Addiction 101 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Gambling,Gambling, DelinquencyDelinquency andand SubstanceSubstance AbuseAbuse inin AdolescenceAdolescence ““GreaterGreater thanthan chancechance linklink”” fromfrom Shaffer,Shaffer, etet al,al, 1994,1994, toto 20012001 researchresearch findingsfindings ofof aa moremore fullyfully developeddeveloped commonalitycommonality ofof riskrisk factorsfactors includingincluding impulsivity,impulsivity, lowlow parentalparental supervision,supervision, andand deviantdeviant friendsfriends Vitaro, Brendgren, Landouceur, Tremblay: Journal of Gambling Studies, 2001 Indiana Prevention Resource Center StagesStages ofof ChangeChange andand PrimaryPrimary PreventionPrevention Modified Model Stages of Acquisition • Precomptemplation-not tried, not think about it • Contempaltion-not tried, but thinking about it • Recomptemplation-who have tried, but are not planning to try again (Youth using Alcohol placed themselves here—may be where we should focus our efforts) • Initiation-who have tried and are planning to try again • Action-those who have used for a short time • Maintenance-those who have used for more than 6 months Kelley, Denny, Young, Journal of Drug Education, Vol 29(3), 189-203, 1999 Indiana Prevention Resource Center YouthYouth GamblingGambling PrevalencePrevalence • 8686--93%93% ofof adolescentsadolescents havehave gambledgambled forfor moneymoney • 75%75% ofof childrenchildren havehave gambledgambled inin theirtheir ownown homeshomes • 85%85% ofof parentsparents dodo notnot objectobject toto theirtheir gamblinggambling Derevensky, Gupta, Winters, Journal of Gambling Studies, 2003 Indiana Prevention Resource Center WhyWhy DoDo YouthYouth Gamble?Gamble? • ToTo keepkeep playing/stayplaying/stay inin onon thethe actionaction oror ““proveprove themselvesthemselves”” • ToTo escapeescape fromfrom stressstress andand bebe ““inin controlcontrol”” • ForFor excitementexcitement andand reliefrelief fromfrom boredomboredom • ForFor socialsocial acceptanceacceptance Timothy Wong, “Pathological Gambling in Adolescents: No Longer Child’s Play,” Indiana Prevention Resource Center IndianaIndiana SurveySurvey DataData Any Gambling Behavior by Indiana Adolescents (percentages) 2005 2006 Change 6th 36.3 35.4 -0.9 7th 40.7 39.1 -1.6 * 8th 47.4 45.3 -2.1 * 9th 47.5 45.3 -2.2 * 10th 48.0 45.2 -2.8 * 11th 47.1 45.1 -2.0 * 12th 55.1 55.0 -0.1 *Statistically significant changes between 2005 and 2006 prevalence rates (p<.05). Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006 Indiana Prevention Resource Center YouthYouth GamblingGambling inin IndianaIndiana TelephoneTelephone Poll,Poll, 20042004 80 70 Ever Gambled 60 Cards 50 Games of Skill Pull Tabs 40 Sport Teams Lottery Tickets 30 Horse Racing 20 Dice Casino 10 0 12-17 18-20 12-17 18-20 12-17 18-20 Indiana Prevention Resource Center PrevalencePrevalence ofof GamblingGambling AmongAmong CollegeCollege StudentsStudents • 12.5%12.5% ofof MalesMales andand 2.2%2.2% ofof femalefemale collegecollege studentsstudents playedplayed cardscards weeklyweekly inin 2004.2004. • TheThe raterate forfor thosethose notnot inin schoolschool waswas 6.6%6.6% forfor malesmales andand 2.0%2.0% forfor femalesfemales • StudentsStudents inin thethe MidwestMidwest andand SouthSouth playedplayed atat higherhigher ratesrates thanthan thosethose inin thethe NortheastNortheast oror West.West. • InIn 2003,2003, 25.9%25.9% ofof youthyouth underunder 1818 betbet onon cardscards weekly,weekly, inin 20042004 itit waswas upup toto 43.2%43.2% • The Annenberg Policy Center, March 14, 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center LackLack ofof NationalNational DataData ComparingComparing adolescentadolescent gamblinggambling datadata withwith adolescentadolescent substancesubstance abuseabuse datadata isis difficult.difficult. ThereThere isis nono nationalnational surveysurvey ofof youthyouth gamblinggambling asas therethere isis ofof youthyouth substancesubstance abuseabuse (Monitoring(Monitoring thethe Future).Future). YouthYouth gamblinggambling studiesstudies areare locallocal andand relativelyrelatively new.new. Winters, Anderson, Journal of Gambling Studies, 2000 Indiana Prevention Resource Center GamblingGambling OpportunitiesOpportunities • Poker tournaments in Residence Halls, Fraternities and Student Unions • School and Student Organization Sponsored events • Tournaments at local bars • On-line Contests • Internet Gambling • Courses on Gambling • Sports Betting • TV Shows • Community Events • Family and Friends • Dorms • Raffles • Casinos • Riverboats • Lotteries • Pull Tabs • Video Games Indiana Prevention Resource Center Gateway Gambling? Jack O’Lantern and Candy Corn playing cards Roulette Wheel (www.orientaltrading.com) (www.ustoy.com) TEXAS HOLD ‘EM BOOT CAMP Monopoly Game Http://www.invisiblebus.com/pokercamp.html (US Patent Office) POKER CAMPS AND CLINICS FOR KIDS AGES 8-15 Clinics meet Monday-Friday, 4-6 pm @ The Improv 7620 Katy Freeway (I-10 @ Silber) In the Jillian’s/ Edwards Marq*E
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