MOSQUITO FACT SHEET: Coquillettidia Perturbans (The Cattail Mosquito)

MOSQUITO FACT SHEET: Coquillettidia perturbans (The Cattail Mosquito) http://medent.usyd.edu.au/arbovirus/mosquit/photos/cq_lin_eggraft.jpg http://bugguide.net/node/view/122691/bgpage Physical Characteristics: Adult female mosquitoes are fairly large and “robust”. They are characterized by a very distinct speckled “salt and pepper” appearance to their broad triangular shaped wing scales. The legs have pronounced white banding on each segment with a median white band on the first tarsal segment. The middle of the proboscis also has a band of pale scales. Biology: This species of mosquito overwinters in the larval stage of its development in permanent and semi- permanent bodies of water with vegetation, such as cattails. The larvae have a modified “air tube” or siphon that is adapted for piercing and attaching to submerged vegetation for a source of air: meaning it does not need to rest at the water surface to obtain oxygen. Eggs are laid in masses or rafts on the water surface. Adults begin to emerge from the overwintering larvae and subsequent pupae in mid June and persist through early September. They typically only have one generation of adults per season. Adults are very strong fliers, with a range of five miles per night. Host preferences: Coquillettidia perturbans are opportunistic indiscriminate feeders that will readily feed on both birds and mammals, including humans, during the night or day. Medical Importance: Coquillettidia perturbans is the primary bridge vector for Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). This is known to be the mosquito primarily responsible for transmitting the EEE virus from the sylvatic cycle of Culiseta melanura mosquitoes and birds to dead-end hosts such as humans and horses. .

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Twenty Years of Surveillance for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus In
Oliver et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:362 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2950-1 RESEARCH Open Access Twenty years of surveillance for Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in New York State from 1993 to 2012 JoAnne Oliver1,2*, Gary Lukacik3, John Kokas4, Scott R. Campbell5, Laura D. Kramer6,7, James A. Sherwood1 and John J. Howard1 Abstract Background: The year 1971 was the first time in New York State (NYS) that Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) was identified in mosquitoes, in Culiseta melanura and Culiseta morsitans. At that time, state and county health departments began surveillance for EEEV in mosquitoes. Methods: From 1993 to 2012, county health departments continued voluntary participation with the state health department in mosquito and arbovirus surveillance. Adult female mosquitoes were trapped, identified, and pooled. Mosquito pools were tested for EEEV by Vero cell culture each of the twenty years. Beginning in 2000, mosquito extracts and cell culture supernatant were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: During the years 1993 to 2012, EEEV was identified in: Culiseta melanura, Culiseta morsitans, Coquillettidia perturbans, Aedes canadensis (Ochlerotatus canadensis), Aedes vexans, Anopheles punctipennis, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Psorophora ferox, Culex salinarius, and Culex pipiens-restuans group. EEEV was detected in 427 adult mosquito pools of 107,156 pools tested totaling 3.96 million mosquitoes. Detections of EEEV occurred in three geographical regions of NYS: Sullivan County, Suffolk County, and the contiguous counties of Madison, Oneida, Onondaga and Oswego. Detections of EEEV in mosquitoes occurred every year from 2003 to 2012, inclusive. EEEV was not detected in 1995, and 1998 to 2002, inclusive.
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(MDPH) Arbovirus Surveillance Program
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A Review of Mosquitoes Associated with Rift Valley Fever Virus in Madagascar Luciano Michaël Tantely, Sébastien Boyer, Didier Fontenille
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Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Mosquito Management in New Hampshire 
Bringing information and education into the communities of the Granite State Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Mosquito Management in New Hampshire EEE description and transmission pg 1 EEE risk areas in New Hampshire pg 3 Reducing risk of getting EEE pg 4 Repellents pg 4 Spraying mosquito larvae pg 5 Spraying adult mosquitoes pg 6 Toxicity of adulticides pg 8 Source reduction pg 9 Mosquito predators pg 10 Water gardens pg 11 Using traps pg 11 Monitoring EEE risk pg 12 Zika virus pg 13 West Nile Virus pg 13 WNV & EEE effects on wild birds pg 14 Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a mosquito- Managing and communicating risk pg 14 spread disease of birds that sometimes is transmitted (via mosquito bite) to horses and Integrated Pest Management pg 15 people. EEE in domestic animals pg 16 Information sources and services pg 17 Disease description and transmission Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a mosquito-spread disease of birds that sometimes is transmitted (via mosquito bite) to horses and people. The risk of serious injury or death is high for those who become sick with the disease. Being near horses does not increase your risk of getting this disease. In 2005, there were 21 human cases of EEE in the United States. New Hampshire led the nation with seven cases and two deaths. Florida had five cases, Massachusetts four, Alabama two, and South Carolina, Being near horses does not increase your risk of Louisiana and Georgia one each. The number of N.H. cases has gone getting the disease. down since then.
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Evaluation of Butanone, Carbon Dioxide, and I-Octen-3-Ol As Attractants for Mosquitoes Associated with North Central Florida Bay and Cypress Swamps
Journal of the Amzican Mosquito Control Association, 14(3):289--297, 1998 Copyright @ 1998 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. EVALUATION OF BUTANONE, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND I-OCTEN-3-OL AS ATTRACTANTS FOR MOSQUITOES ASSOCIATED WITH NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA BAY AND CYPRESS SWAMPS DANIEL L. KLINE' AND MICHAEL O. MANN, ABSTRACT, Field studies were conducted to determine the responses of mosquitoes found in north central Florida bay and cypress swamps to carbon dioxide (COr), light, butanone, and l-octen-3-ol (octenol), alone and COr in combination with each of the others. The response of these mosquito species to 5 CO, release rates (2, 20, 100, 200, and 2,000 mVmin) of CO, was also determined. The use of CO, resulted in a response in all the species studied; the pattern of response to increasing CO, levels varied from species to species. In general, collection size increased as CO, release rate increased; however, 5 species (Aedes dupreei, Anopheles perplexens, Culiseta melanura, Culex erraticus and Mansonia titillans) deviated from this pattern. Collection sizi of Ae. dupreei, Cs. melanura, and Cx. erraticus decreased at the 2,000 mVmin release rate. Collection size of An. perplexens and Ma. titillans remained constant at each CO, level to which these species responded. In the CO, and light studies, the general pattern for collection size was: CO, + light > CO, alone > tigtrt alone. The combination CO2 + octenol (2.2 mglh) resulted in a synergistic response (i.e., greater than the com-bined response obtained by COr and octenol alone) for all species except Cs. melnnura, Culix nigripalpus, and Culex restuans.
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