Kontigensi: Scientific Journal of Management Vol 7 , No. 2, Nopember 2019, pp. 107 - 117 ISSN 2088-4877

Management of Independent Business-Based Private Madrasah Development at Madrasah Aliyah

Mahadin Shaleh1, Andi Riawarda2, Ummung Kallang3 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo123 E-mail : [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to know determine the management development of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency; To find out the management of independent business development at Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency; To know the management of development of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency, is based on independent business. This research is qualitative descriptive; the data collection techniques used in this research are observation techniques, interviews, documentation, data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of this research indicate that madrasah development management is carried out by maximizing socialization to the community by face-to-face and the social media, by used three special programs, namely: 1) Arabic language guidance, 2) English language guidance, and 3) Extracurricular activities, and improving the productivity of independent madrasah business, namely cocoa farming; Management of Independent Business Development at Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No.16 Pengkendekan Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency is carried out by expanding the scope of business or business diversification, namely by developing new types of business in new business areas; and Management of Development of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah. This research implies that it is necessary to maximize the development of Madrasah with independent business to produce quality graduates in Islamic religious knowledge and entrepreneurship.

Keywords: Management, Development, Independent Business.

INTRODUCTION Based on this meaning, the Madrasah has a specific connotation that is an educational Madrasah is not something original in the institution that focuses on teaching Islamic world map of Indonesian education as shown by religious sciences to students. However, in its the word, Madrasah itself comes from Arabic development, madrasahs are transforming (Abdul Rahman Shaleh, 2004). So at first, traditional educational institutions into modern Madrasah is a formal educational institution educational institutions. These changes occurred organized by the Arab world in Islamic in madrasahs influenced by the modernization of development until today (Hanun Asrahah, 1999). Islamic education and the demands of improving Then followed by Islamic educational institutions the quality of human resources, adjusting the in Indonesia as a place to study Islamic religion. development of science, technology, social, Therefore, literally (language), this word means economic, and political government policy on or equivalent meaning to the word "school" in education in Indonesia. To adapt to the demands Indonesia. of these changes, the madrasah education

107 Kontigensi: Scientific Journal of Management Vol 7 , No. 2, Nopember 2019, pp. 107 - 117 ISSN 2088-4877 curriculum and teaching Islamic religious school and other public schools is equally sciences are also taught general sciences such responsible for educating the nation's children. as natural sciences, social sciences, and various The government should give the same other general subjects. Thus, the Madrasah as a support to existing schools in Indonesia formal educational institution serves as a regardless of state or private status. However, container to deepen the knowledge of Islam and the fact is that government support is only for develop human resources to meet the public schools while private schools such as challenges and demands of modern madrasahs are neglected. The discriminatory development. treatment can widen the disparity in the quality of Madrasah, a religious institution rooted in a education between public schools and private long history and grows from below, has its schools, which directly impacts the development meaning among Muslims in Indonesia so that its of learners' intelligence. existence continues to be fought through various The government should be grateful to the paths (Maksum, 1999). However, just like Madrasah, which has helped the government institutions in a dynamic community, these educate the community and realize national educational institutions cannot be separated education goals. Without Madrasahs, the from the development and change of society in number of educated citizens in Indonesia will not the political, economic, social, and cultural fields. be as large as they are now. Therefore, Therefore, maintaining the Islamic character of educational planning and budgeting madrasahs on the one hand and developing the discrimination must be eliminated so that the relevance and vitality of madrasah education, on quality and quality of education can be equal and the other hand, are two things that are the focus can be shared by the community. of the transformation process of madrasah (Darmaningtyas, 2011). Moreover, School- education. school covers poor children who live in the The Muslim Ummah is constantly fighting for suburbs or the villages to continue their the Madrasah through various channels, one of education. Thus it is very ironic if the government which is with the government's policy so that in dumps its responsibility on the Madrasahs on the the future, the Madrasah can develop well. First, pretext that the Madrasahs belong to the law No. 02 of 1989 on the national education community/foundation so that the source of system placed the Madrasah in the position of funding must also come from the community. the national education sub-system, and then in The state prioritizes the education budget at Law No. 20 of 2003 on the national education least 20% of the state revenue and expenditure system, the position of the Madrasah is budget and the regional revenue and equivalent to other public education for all levels. expenditure budget to meet national education However, this does not mean that madrasahs needs. Increasing the education budget should can develop significantly like the development of be in line with the government's responsibility to other public schools. schools, including private schools or private The problems faced by madrasas before the Madrasah, to load a lot of poor people who two laws were born still occur today, such as the educate their children in private schools can be quality of teaching buildings is very worrying, reduced. Helping private madrasas should the learning facilities are not available, teachers government is trying to raise the dignity of the rarely enter classes due to low salaries, and poor children through education. various other problems. The position of private The poor and children displaced are madrasahs that have been equated with other maintained by the state. This article asserts that public education is expected to bring a wind of in this country, the central government, provincial change for madrasas, but the fact of the government, and local governments are equation has not had a significant impact. responsible for meeting the basic rights of the However, responsible responsibility between the poor and abandoned children, including the right

108 Kontigensi: Scientific Journal of Management Vol 7 , No. 2, Nopember 2019, pp. 107 - 117 ISSN 2088-4877 to quality education. Therefore, the government education management sourced from BOS funds must ensure the continuity of education for them. is very limited. Therefore, private madrasahs In principle, the funding source for private should not only expect funding sources from the madrasah education can be obtained from government alone because madrasahs will not various sources that are halal and held grow and progress. accountably. Education funding is a shared The problem in Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah responsibility between the Government, Local No.16 Pengkendekan Sabbang Subdistrict, Government, and the Community. Based on the North Luwu Regency, is not a new thing but also article, it is clear that the main source of experienced by other private madrasahs. For the education funding comes from the government need for funding for education management to supported by the community. Community be met well, innovation and creativity of support for education financing can be in the madrasah leaders are needed. In this case, form of zakat, alms, infaq, wakaf, and hibah and madrasah leaders need to think of other funding can be obtained from the establishment of an sources as a way out of the problem; one of the independent madrasah. things that need to be done to explore potential Private madrasahs generally have the same sources of education funding is with Madrasah's problem, namely the problem of education independent business. financing. However, the problem will develop into Self-employed Madrasah's development to serious problems because of the impact on other create the independence of education financing problems in education management, as requires clear and measurable planning. Thus happened in Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No.16 the head of the Madrasah as the financial person Pengkendekan Sabbang District North Luwu in charge of the Madrasah, must dare to take Regency. The author gets some of the problems responsibility for the risks that may occur. faced by private Madrasahs. Among them are: Unfortunately, Madrasah's self-employment 1. The number of buildings is not enough, and activities have not received much attention from the condition of the building is not enough so madrasah managers. However, several that the teaching and learning process can Madrasahs have successfully attended, and not run effectively and optimally, many madrasahs have not tried it due to lack of 2. Lack of learning equipment such as books, capital, lack of entrepreneurial talent, do not props, and other resources, know what business to run, and various other 3. Interest participant learn in learning is still reasons. low as evidenced by the number of those The business managed by Madrasah Aliyah who do not enter the classroom, As'adiyah No.16 Pengkendekan Sabbang 4. Teachers sometimes do not come to fill Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, which is used teaching hours because they have to carry as additional education funding is a cocoa out work outside school. It is because the plantation. Madrasah's income from the business teachers' salaries do not meet their is around Rp. 10.000.000,- up to Rp. individual needs, 15.000.000,-every year. Although the results of 5. Low Competence Teachers result was never an independent business are not much, the implemented training to increase the blessing of managing an independent business competence of teachers in order to create school the children are around the school can professional educators, continue their education without having to pay 6. Madrasah management is still done simply. money for education. Apart from that, independent business management also makes These problems are caused because the Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No.16 Madrasah can not meet education financing Pengkendekan Sabbang District; North Luwu needs. For example, at Madrasah Aliyah Regency can survive to this day. As'adiyah No.16 Pengkendekan Sabbang Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, the funding for

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METHOD Teachers, Students, and the community is needed. This study uses qualitative research to The socialization model for the development describe the facts or symptoms as they are by of Madrasah internally is face-to-face collecting information according to what they are socialization directly to the students of class IX at the time of the study (Arikunto, 2005). The Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pengkendekan which is focus of this research is (1) Management the main target of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah performed by the principal to develop the No. 16 Abbreviation of Sabbang District Luwu Madrasah; (2) The steps taken in developing the Utara". thus graduates of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Madrasah's independent business as an effort to Pengkendekan no longer need to find a school to fulfill the financing of education in the Madrasah; further their education. (3) Management performed in the Socialization is done face to face and implementation of the entrepreneurship through social media such as WhatsApp, education curriculum. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and others. Based The research was conducted in schools on the documentation of student data obtained, As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation of Sabbang some students are not graduates of Madrasah District, North Luwu Regency. The subject was Tsanawiyah Pengkendekan, meaning that the the school head, the school's treasurer, and the socialization done by teachers and students with school's teachers. Data were collected by social media is successful, although the number observation, interview, and documentation is not many. techniques. These three techniques are used Some models of development or services simultaneously in the sense of complementing performed are: each other's data. The data is presented in an 1. Arabic language guidance informal form in everyday sentences, and the Arabic language tutoring is done twice each choice of words or original concepts of academic year, at the beginning of the odd respondents, quite detailed without any semester and the beginning of the semester. To interpretation and evaluation from researchers. guide the students of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah The data that has been collected will then be No. 16 Abbreviation Sabbang Subdistrict, North managed using processing techniques with Luwu Regency are Islamic university students editing and coding. Finally, to analyze the data and Arabic language teachers from the obtained, the author manages it based on the Sengkang As'adiyah Center. These activities can stages of qualitative analysis, namely: data quickly improve students' ability to understand reduction, data presentation, conclusions, and Arabic so that it is easier for them to read Arabic- data verification. language literature. 2. English language guidance Knowing English is one of my greatest RESULT and DICUSSION assets. For example; To enter a university of 1. Madrasah Development various levels, the English test is always one of Based on the results of the interview with Hj. the tests you subscribe to; even universities Erniah Azis as the head of Madrasah Aliyah require a TOEFL score. By mastering the As'adiyah No. 16 Summary of Sabbang District, English language, you will not be overwhelmed North Luwu Regency on the Development of in taking English language tests which some Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 people may consider to be very burdensome. In Pengkendekan District Sabbang Regency is a addition, in the professional world, developing a shared responsibility by all parties requiring career that has is also very much needed these institutions still exist and grow to meet the English language competence. To improve your educational needs of children who have school career, of course, you must be able to establish or outside. Therefore, the participation of relationships with other companies. Whether a career in any field that uses a foreign language

110 Kontigensi: Scientific Journal of Management Vol 7 , No. 2, Nopember 2019, pp. 107 - 117 ISSN 2088-4877 such as government, traveling, education, Pesantren in Madrasah Aliyah Excellent Darul communication, law, advertising, or economics. Ulum STEP-2 IDB Jombang" found strategies Guidance English as does additional study carried out by principals in the development of carried out regularly based on hours of lessons excellent Madrasah, namely: Application of that have been set. The activity aims to improve integrative research, application of scientific the English language proficiency of students of traditions pesantren and tahfidz al-Qur'an Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation program. of Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency. As we a) The application of integrative research is the all know, English is an international language development of students' research that all people in the world must use. So, when a undertaken since its establishment until person masters English, he will be able to adapt now. and talk to anyone easily when moving from one b) Applying scientific tradition boarding country to another. implemented by studying dib-dib who With the guidance activities conducted in the studied at the school in general, such as dib middle of this semester, it is expected to produce interpretation, hadith science, mabahist FII graduates who have plus competencies so that Ulumil Qur'an, fiqh and dib-dib other. when they will continue their education to a c) The tahfidz al-Qur'an program is conducted higher level or when applying for professional to increase students' awareness of the jobs, the graduates of Madrasah Aliyah importance of memorizing the Qur'an, As'adiyah No. 16 Shortening Sabbang understanding the Qur'an, and implementing Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, can compete the contents of the Qur'an in daily life with other school graduates without having to (Muhammad Latif Nawawi, 2017 ). feel inferior to their status as private madrasah In line with these three excellent programs, graduates. Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Shortening 3. Extracurricular activities Sabbang Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, while Extracurricular activities such as scouts, developing a tahfidz al-Qur'an program, although youth red cross, basic leadership training, not many students have participated in the coaching in sports aim to educate and shape the program. character and skills of students of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation of 2. Madrasah self-employment development Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency. Thus, The development of independent madrasah the graduates have special skills that can be a businesses can be done by expanding the source of life in the future and the ability of business scale by increasing the capacity of madrasah science that they have. existing businesses, adding the types of goods The activities that have been programmed or services produced, and adding business are an effort to produce qualified graduates with locations elsewhere. Alternatively, it is also knowledge, skills, strong character so that they possible to expand the scope of business or can participate in the development of human diversify the business by developing new types civilization and win the competition, whether of business in new business areas, as well as competition locally, regionally, nationally, and with new and varied types of products, and internationally. Thus, then by itself Madrasah development with the expansion of cooperation. Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Shortening Sabbang Based on the results of joint deliberations Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, is socialized in between the foundation and the council the community as one of the Islamic educational teacher,agreed to open a shop that provides the institutions that are eligible for students who will community's basic needs around Madrasah continue their education. Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviations Sabbang The research conducted by Muhammad Latif District, North Luwu Regency as a business Nawawi in 2017 with the title "Management of expansion independent Madrasah. Development of Excellent Madrasah Based on

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The selection of this business is based on Madura so that many customers use the considerations, namely: Good market potential, services of the workshop of SMA Nurul easier to run, greater profits to be obtained, and Hikmah Pamekasan Madura (Nailah Aka this business can also help and alleviate Kusuma, 2014). consumer spending. The steps that will be done This strategy also needs to be done by in marketing the available goods are: Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Shortening a) To build cooperation with the community in Sabbang Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 choose a business location that is easily Abbreviation of Sabbang Subdistrict, North accessible by the community or customers so Luwu Regency so that the basic daily needs that the community can shop at the madrasah are distributed directly to madrasah independent business store. The strategies are: independent business. a) Installing a price that is not too expensive. b) Build cooperation with teachers, employees, b) Provide the best service to customers and parents of students of the As'adiyah c) The wage payment system for employees is Pengkendekan Foundation, Sabbang tailored to the work they undertake, thus District, North Luwu Regency from the RA, triggering employees' enthusiasm at work. MI, MTs, and MA levels basic daily needs are distributed directly by independent 3. Development of private madrasahs based madrasah businesses. on self-employment c) In addition, expand market reach by doing Poverty and unemployment rates in promotions on social media. In this way, the Indonesia are increasing every year. This people outside can be distributed with their situation needs to be realized by various parties, basic daily needs. For the marketing reach especially the government, to provide support to survive and grow, the independent that leads to internships, practice, and training. business manager of Madrasah Aliyah One of the best ways or ways is to support the As'adiyah No. 16 Abbreviation Sabbang education sector to change the mindset of District North Luwu Regency must provide graduates from those who are job-seeking to good service to all consumers. print their jobs becoming entrepreneurs. It is time Based on the findings of research conducted for entrepreneurship to be developed in a more by Nailah Aka Kusuma in 2014 with the title structured and systematic manner in academic Strategies of Principals in Developing activities in madrasas. The need for good Entrepreneurship -Based Education Financing management from the head of the Madrasah in Sources (case study in SMP and SMA Nurul developing entrepreneurship to create quality Hikmah Pamekasan Madura), the strategies graduates. The head of the Madrasah as the used in school business development are: manager is responsible for planning, a) This strategy is done to introduce the implementing, and monitoring all activities in the services owned by SMA Nurul Hikmah Madrasah. Pamekasan Madura to the community. In From the interview results, it was found that this workshop, signs were installed on the Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Summary business workshop; brochures were Sabbang Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency, distributed in the field and on social media. implements an education curriculum based on b) Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah can also do this self-employment increase the source of funding strategy No. 16 Shortening of Sabbang for madrasahs as well as to develop the Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency in competencies of graduates in the field of promoting necessities available in madrasah entrepreneurship. independent business shops. The management of madrasah development c) Location strategy, this strategy is intended to based on an independent business that is make it easier for customers to reach the applied includes: workshop of SMA Nurul Hikmah Pamekasan

112 Kontigensi: Scientific Journal of Management Vol 7 , No. 2, Nopember 2019, pp. 107 - 117 ISSN 2088-4877 a. Planning practice will produce participants who can tweak, Planning is a process of preparing something modify and repair automotive items, electronic that will be implemented to achieve the practice will certainly produce participants who objectives that have been determined. Planning can tweak and repair electronic items, and the is organized based on long-term and short-term practice of making artwork will give birth to needs. For example, planning is done by participants who can create works of art. Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Sabbang Based on the competencies obtained by the District, North Luwu Regency, namely: students of Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah 1) Entrepreneurship learning planning Pengkendekan Sabbang District, North Luwu 2) Life skill curriculum planning Regency, through direct practice that has been 3) Cost planning followed will be organized directly by the madrasah management in order to be b. Organizing productive. For example, students who have Organizing is done to determine the parties competence in fashion will be organized to who participate in implementing an education produce clothing or provide clothing curriculum based on self- manufacturing services by customer orders. employment/entrepreneurship so that it can run Likewise, students who have competence in smoothly according to the objectives set. The artwork will be organized to create works of art. organizing activities also aim to organize the Meanwhile, students who have competence in students who will participate in automotive and automotive and electronics can provide repair electronics activities, fashion, and artwork services for automotive and electronic goods. activities. e. Evaluation c. Implementation Evaluation is conducted to determine the The implementation of entrepreneurship level of student mastery of the competencies that emphasizes more on practice than on theory so have been set, identify the obstacles that students can plunge directly into encountered so that they can be diagnosed and entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, the provide opportunities to improve the ability of the teaching-learning process is not only theoretical object of evaluation, measure the level of but also practical. This program is to explore and efficiency and effectiveness of a media, method, facilitate students' potential to be able to be or other resources in the implementation of entrepreneurs and supply students to become activities, and provide feedback and important graduates with entrepreneurial potential. information to correct deficiencies. The Furthermore, entrepreneurial knowledge gained evaluation results that have been done will be during school will help Madrasah graduates to used as a reference in decision making and the work independently. Development of life skills formulation of the next steps. activities planned madrasah As'adiyah No. 16 The efforts made by the principal in Sabbang Subdistricts of North Luwu Regency developing an independent madrasah business are: is by using the management functions, namely: 1) Automotive and electronic activities 1) Formulate a strategy or plan that will be a 2) Dressing activities reference in the implementation of an 3) Artwork activities independent business school. 2) Determining the parties that will be involved d. Utilization in the madrasah self-employment activities. Entrepreneurship implementation activities in 3) Implement programs that have been the form of practice or training can produce formulated with competent participants in their field. For 4) Implementing the activities of evaluation and example, just as fashion practice will produce the results of the independent business. participants who can make clothes, automotive

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4. The positive impact of the development of Private schools or madrasahs that are madrasahs based on self-employment successful in running entrepreneurship can a. Madrasah financing relies on government assist, such as; books, pens, uniforms, bags, funding sources and obtains regular shoes, and various other study necessities for additional funding from independent underprivileged students. In addition, the businesses. Thus the management of availability of good learning infrastructure education is more maximal, and the facilities and high competence of educators and development process will be faster. education will directly impact the quality of b. The increase in the number of learning learning carried out and will certainly affect infrastructure facilities, the results of the improving student achievement. Madrasah's independent business will The supporting factors for the realization of increase financial income for the Madrasah quality education are adequate funding, the that can be used to increase school competence of educators and good education, infrastructure facilities such as; construction and complete learning infrastructure facilities. of learning buildings, construction of Every educational institution, especially Islamic libraries, and procurement of resources and educational institutions or private madrasahs, other learning media that can improve the must think to meet these factors. Moreover, good quality of teaching and learning process. quality of education will directly impact the c. Improving the competence of educators and public's trust in an institution so that the number education of students each new school year will always Sources of funding that do not depend increase. on the government will have an impact on its management. Independently obtained CONCLUSION funding sources will be easier to use for

essential needs and wants without having to This study discusses three topics, namely; 1) refer to technical indicators for the use of Development Management of Madrasah Aliyah strictly regulated budgets. Educators and As'adiyah No.16 Shortening of Sabbang District, education are important actors in the North Luwu Regency, 2) Management of implementation and realization of quality and Independent Business Development of quality education. Therefore, improving the Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No.16 Shortening of competence of educators and education is a Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency, and 3) must. Development Management of Madrasah Aliyah d. Assisting underprivileged students. As'adiyah No.16 Abbreviation of Sabbang Madrasah Aliyah As'adiyah No. 16 Subdistrict, North Luwu Regency Based on Pengkendekan District Sabbang Luwu Utara Independent Business. Based on the problem education for free to provide opportunities to formulation, research findings, data description, children to realize the right to learn. and data analysis on the Development However, some children still drop out of Management of Private Madrasah Based on school because of the reason for the inability Independent Business in Madrasah Aliyah of the economy to buy the equipment As'adiyah No.16 Abbreviation of Sabbang needed to learn. Therefore, the District, North Luwu Regency, the researcher implementation of free education can not yet drew the following conclusions: fully solve the decline in dropout rates. Therefore, efforts must be made so that 1. Development Management of Madrasah every child can enjoy learning without Aliyah As'adiyah No.16 Shortening of thinking about the cost of education. Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency is done in three steps, namely: a. Maximize socialization to the community through face to face and social media

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