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Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

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Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan e-ISSN 2720-9199 p-ISSN 2541-0148 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Halman1, Hanafi Ashad2 1) Pascasarjana Magister Teknik Sipil, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl. Urip Sumoharjo KM 05 Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Email: [email protected] 2) Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl. Urip Sumoharjo KM 05 Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Sungai Larompong berada di Kabupaten Luwu Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan merupakan sungai utama dari DAS Larompong yang melintasi desa Komba, desa Lumaring Kelurahan Larompong dengan bemuara di Teluk Bone. Debit Sungainya cenderung besar dan rawan banjir pada saat curah hujan tinggi dengan kondisi penampang sungai saat ini seringkali meluap mengakibat bencana terutama disekitar sungai utama. Untuk mengkaji permasalahan banjir tersebut, dilakukan kajian pengaliran sungai terhadap koefisien kekasaran Manning. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui debit banjir kala ulang berapa yang menyebabkan luapan banjir dari kondisi penampang sungai saat ini serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai koefisien kekasaran manning terhadap muka air banjir yang terjadi dan membandingkannya dengan data sekunder. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan yaitu bulan September-Desember 2019. Variabel yang diamati dan dihitung yaitu debit banjir kala ulang, deskripsi karakteristik kekasaran penampang sungai. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan penentuan titik pengukuran dan pengamatan berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Data dianalisis dengan bantuan software HEC-RAS. Kata Kunci: Debit Kala Ulang, Koefisien Kekasaran Manning, Sungai Larompong ABSTRACT Larompong River in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province is the main river of the Larompong watershed that crosses Komba village, Lumaring village, Larompong Village with bemuara in Bone Bay. The river discharge tends to be large and prone to flooding when rainfall is high with current river cross-section conditions often overflowing resulting in disasters especially around the main river. To study the flood problem, a river drainage study was conducted on the Manning roughness coefficient. The purpose of this study was to determine how many times the flood discharge caused a flood overflow from the current river cross-section and to determine the effect of the value of the roughness coefficient on the flood water level that occurred and compare it with secondary data. The research was carried out for three months, September-December 2019. The variables observed and calculated were the flood discharge at the time of return, a description of the characteristics of river cross-section roughness. The method used is a survey method and the determination of measurement and observation points based on certain considerations. Data were analyzed with the help of HEC-RAS software. Keywords: Recurring Discharge, Manning Roughness Coefficient, Larompong River 116 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (Halman, Hanafi Ashad) 1. Pendahuluan Latar Belakang seorang insinyur Irlandia, Robert Sungai Larompong membentang dari Manning mengemukakan sebuah rumus Barat ke Timur dimulai pada daerah yang akhirnya diperbaiki menjadi rumus pegunungan yang mempunyai yang sangat dikenal saat ini ketinggian mencapai 1.556 m di atas permukaan laut menuju Teluk Bone. (Chow,1985)yakni Kondisi sungai di bagian hilir mempunyai kemiringan yang datar Tujuan Penelitian sampai landai sehingga daerah ini alur 1) Untuk mengetahui debit banjir kala sungai utamanya mengalami ulang berapa yang menyebabkan sedimentasi, menyebabkan aliran air luapan banjir dari penampang sungai mencari daerah yang lebih rendah Larompong saat ini. sehingga kondisi alur sungai berbelok- 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai belok mengalirkan air menuju laut koefisien kekasaran manning (Teluk Bone). terhadap muka air banjir yang terjadi dengan bantuan program HEC-RAS Selain hal tersebut di atas, kecepatan pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten aliran air yang mengalir melalui sungai Luwu. utama dipengaruhi oleh kekasaran, kemiringan dan dimensi penampang Manfaat Penelitian sungai sehingga berpengaruh pula 1) Dapat dijadikan sebagai pembanding terhadap debit yang melewati. antara teori yang diperoleh di kelas Kekasaran penampang sungai salah satu perkuliahan dengan kejadian yang indikator yang berpengaruh dalam sebenarnya di lapangan. kecepatan pengaliran dalam hal ini 2) Diharapkan sebagai bahan masukkan berdasarkan nilai yang disebut koefisien bagi pihak-pihak yang terkait yang kekasaran atau konstanta kekasaran. menagani permaslahan banjir di Koefisien kekasaran bergantung kepada sungai Larompong. faktor-faktor, ketidak teraturan 3) Sebagai bahan referensi dan penampang permukaan sungai, alur masukkan untuk penelitian sungai, vegetasi (tumbuh-tumbuhan) dan selanjutnya khususnya berkaitan sedimen. penggunaan program software HEC- RAS. Karakteristik sungai terdiri dari 4) Hasil dari penelitian dalam penulisan kemiringan, kekasaran dasar ini diharapkan dapat memberikan permukaan, kedalaman air, dan lebar sumbangsi pemikiran dan bahan sungai. Karakteristik tersebut akan pertimbangan pemakaian koefisien menentukan kapasitas sungai dalam kekasaran Manning dalam mengalirkan air. Apabila kapasitas perencanaan penanganan banjir pada aliran sungai terlampaui maka akan sungai larompong. terjadi luapan (banjir) di sekitar aliran sungai. 2. METODE PENELITIAN 2.1 Lokasi Penelitian Lokasi penelitian terletak di Kabupaten Persamaan manning atau rumus Luwu dan dapat ditempuh dengan manning merupakan rumus yang menggunakan kendaraan roda empat digunakan dalam program software (mobil) dengan kondisi jalan beraspal HEC-RAS untuk menghitung kapasitas dan merupakan jalan Propinsi yang aliran saluran terbuka. Pada tahun 1889 berjarak 367 Km dari Kota Makassar VOL.5 NO.2, JUNI 2020 117 Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (Halman, Hanafi Ashad) ibukota Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Dari 13,82km, sub DAS Redo dengan peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia skala 1 : panjang 10,52 km dan sub DAS 50.000, diperoleh luas daerah aliran Larompong hilir dengan panjang 4,50 Sungai Larompong sebesar 84,64 km2, km. terbagi 4 (empat) sub DAS masing- masing Sub DAS Komba sebesar 39,89 Sebagai ruas lokasi pengamatan yaitu km2, Sub DAS Lompo/Lumaring dipilih pada posisi titik pertemuan sebesar 31,36 km2, Sub DAS Redo S.Komba dengan S.Lumaring yakni sebesar 9,07 km2 dan sub DAS Hilir Sungai Larompong sebagai sungai sebesar 4,32 km2, sedang panjang utama dengan Panjang pengamatan Sungai Larompong sebesar 53,79 km kurang lebih 2,50 km ke arah hilir dan masing-masing sub DAS (sampai dengan Jembatan poros mempunyai panjang sungai sebagai Makassar – palopo). Peta titik lokasi berikut: sub DAS Komba dengan penelitian dapat dilihat pada Gambar panjang 23,37 km, sub DAS berikut: Lompo/Lumaring dengan panjang Gambar 1 Lokasi penelitian sumber peta Sulawesi Selatan STASIUN POS CURAH HUJAN KOMBA Gambar 2 Peta DAS Larompong Kecamatan Larompong. 118 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA Kajian Pengaliran Banjir Sungai Terhadap Koefisien Kekasaran Manning Pada Sungai Larompong Kabupaten Luwu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (Halman, Hanafi Ashad) Gambar 3. Peta sungai lokasi penelitian sumber Google map 2.2 Parameter Penelitian dari dokumen resmi instansi terkait dan Dalam penelitian ini parameter yang data primer dari pengamatan visual dan digunakan antara lain; curah hujan, wawancara dengan masyarakat di Topografi DAS dan keadaan lapangan. karekteristik kekasaran panampang sungai berdasarkan nilai koefisien 2.4 Pengolahan Data kekasaran manning. Secara keseluruhan Setelah mendapatkan data-data yang yang menjadi parameter utama adalah dibutuhkan, selanjutnya dilakukan debit banjir kala ulang tertentu dengan pengelohan data seperti, data hidrologi menguji kejadian yang terjadi di digunakan untuk mengetahui debit lapangan. Apabila debit banjir kala ulang banjir kala ulang, peta topgrafi Daerah yang kita uji terhadap kapasitas Aliran Sungai (DAS) untuk menentukan penampang sungai dengan nilai luas DAS dan data geometrik koefisien kekasaran Manning hasil penampang sungai untuk mengetahui pengamatan memiliki nilai simulasi yang bentuk penampang sungai serta hasil sama atau mendekati kejadian banjir pengamatan kondisi material yang terjadi di lapangan , maka debit penampang dan bantaran sungai untuk banjir kala ulang yang terjadi tersebut menentukan nilai koefisien kekasaran telah dapat dinyatakan sesuai dan sungai berdasarkan Manning. berhasil. Sedangkan apabila nilai debit banjir kala ulang simulasi jauh 3. Analisa dan Pembahasan dibandingkan nilai debit banjir kejadian Data yang diperoleh sebelumnya diolah yang ada di lapangan maka harus dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan melakukan pengecekan ulang terhadap rumus dan metode sesuai dengan nilai-nilai parameter, agar mendekati kebutuhan. sesuai kondisi di lapangan. Analisa Debit banjir pada periode 2.3 Tahapan Penelitian dan ulang tertentu digunakan metode Pengumpulan Data Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu Agar penelitian berlangsung secara dan hasil perhitungannya dapat sistematis dan tertata, maka proses disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap. Nilai Koefisien kekasaran Manning Tahapan penelitian dalam penelitian ini sungai berdasarkan pengamatan
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