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THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICISED RELIGION This page has been left blank intentionally The Transformation of Politicised Religion From Zealots into Leaders Edited by HARTMUT ELSENHANS University of Leipzig, Germany RACHID OUAISSA Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany SEBASTIAN SCHWECKE University of Göttingen, Germany MARY ANN TÉTREAULT Trinity University, USA © Hartmut Elsenhans, Rachid Ouaissa, Sebastian Schwecke and Mary Ann Tétreault 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Hartmut Elsenhans, Rachid Ouaissa, Sebastian Schwecke and Mary Ann Tétreault have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street Union Road Suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818 Surrey, GU9 7PT USA England www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: The transformation of politicised religion : from zealots into leaders / edited by Hartmut Elsenhans, Rachid Ouaissa, Sebastian Schwecke and Mary Ann Tétreault. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4724-4881-1 (hardback) – ISBN 978-1-4724-4882-8 (ebook) – ISBN 978-1-4724-4883-5 (epub) 1. Religion and politics–Middle East. 2. Religion and politics–India 3. Islam and politics–Middle East. 4. Hinduism and politics–India. 5. Religious fundamentalism–Political aspects–Middle East. 6. Religious fundamentalism– Political aspects–India. 7. Political parties–Middle East. 8. Political parties–India. 9. Middle East–Politics and government–21st century. 10. India–Politics and government–21st century. I. Elsenhans, Hartmut, 1941– author, editor of compilation. II. Ouaissa, Rachid, 1971– author, editor of compilation. III. Schwecke, Sebastian, author, editor of compilation. IV. Tétreault, Mary Ann, 1942– author, editor of compilation. BL65.P7T73 2015 320.55–dc23 2014023429 ISBN: 9781472448811 (hbk) ISBN: 9781472448828 (ebk-PDF) ISBN: 9781472448835 (ebk-ePUB) II Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD Contents Notes on Contributors vii Introduction: New Cultural-Identitarian Political Movements in South Asia, the Middle East and Northern Africa 1 Rachid Ouaissa and Sebastian Schwecke SECTION I 1 Algeria’s Islamists in Times of Political Change – An Exceptional Case? 15 Rachid Ouaissa 2 The Trivialisation of Hindu Nationalism and the Reconfiguration of the Indian Bourgeoisie 33 Sebastian Schwecke SECTION II 3 Globalisation and Islamic Radicalism in the Arab Gulf Region 57 Mary Ann Tétreault 4 The Economic Ideology of Hasan al-Banna and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood 75 Ivesa Lübben 5 The AKP or the Success of a Hybrid 105 Gérard Groc 6 Similarities and Differences in the Strategies and Programmes of the BJP and the Congress in India 121 Randhir B. Jain 7 Power Games or Programmatic Evolution in the BJP 131 Klaus Julian Voll vi The Transformation of Politicised Religion SECTION III 8 Middle Classes and New Cultural-Identitarian Political Movements: Perspectives 143 Hartmut Elsenhans 9 How to Build a Viable Economic Policy on Islamic Foundations: The Case of the MSP Party, Algeria 163 Abdelkrim Dahmen 10 The Bharatiya Janata Party: Identitarianism and Governance Agenda 183 Rajvir Sharma SECTION IV 11 Rivalry, Failure of the Secular Nationalists, Geography, History: Embedding the Rising New Cultural-Identitarian Movements in Africa and Asia in the Emerging Multipolar System 205 Hartmut Elsenhans Bibliography 225 Index 253 Notes on Contributors Abdelkrim Dahmen is an architect and senior lecturer at Blida university, Algeria. He specialises in architectural heritage and is qualified by the Algerian ministry of culture as an architect of monuments and preserved sites since 2010. He has worked on architecture, town planning and restoration projects with several consultant firms in various regions of Algeria. He is also a member of the Algerian MSP political party since its creation in 1991 and a member of its national executive secretariat from 1998 to 2008. He was Member of Parliament for two terms (1997–2007) and used to be president of the Permanent Committee on Housing, Equipment, Hydraulics and Town Planning (1998–1999) as well as president of the MSP parliamentary group (2001–2002). His membership at the Permanent Committee on Finance and Budget (2002–2007) has enlarged his interests to economic challenges regarding Algeria and the Mediterranean region. He knows about the problems of the cultural identitarian movements from within and continues his political activities as member of the MSP national board. Hartmut Elsenhans is Professor Emeritus at Leipzig University, Germany. He specialises in the economy and the history of the capitalist world system, the theory of development and underdevelopment, and the political economy of state classes and new social movements in rent based societies. Before Leipzig University, he taught in Berlin, Frankfurt, Marburg, Constance, Montreal, New Delhi, Mangalore, Dakar, Lisbon, and Salzburg and did empirical field research in Algeria, France, India, Bangladesh, Senegal, Mali, and Vietnam. His analysis of the Algerian War of Liberation is actually under publication in an abridged version in Arabic and French in Algeria; after publications in France and Germany, his book on the State class has been published in German and English in India (1996) and his work on the political economy of the capitalist world system in German and English (Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists) in Germany, Algeria and India. Gérard Groc is a research fellow at the Institut de recherches et d’études sur le monde arabe et musulman, Aix-en-Provence, specialising in Turkology. He was a member of the team Transitions politiques et recompositions sociales dans le Monde arabe et musulman and is now a member of the research group: Social Sciences of the Contemporary World, with major areas of research in Turkey in International Relations, political development in contemporary Turkey, religious renaissance 1980–90 and the Euro-mediterranean. He has published Formes nouvelles de l’Islam en Turquie, les annales de l’autre Islam (1999), Le Renouveau viii The Transformation of Politicised Religion religieux à l’aune de la Laïcité, texte présenté pour l’Habilitation (1999), and numerous articles on the AKP (1995) and political Islam in Turkey. Randhir Bahadur Jain, Professor Emeritus, is former Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and a Professor and Head of the Department of Political Science, University of Delhi, Delhi (India), Professor and Head of the Department of Public Administration at Punjabi University, Patiala, and Professor of Public Administration at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. He has held various positions as visiting professor in Canada, USA and Germany, and has lectured in universities and research institutions all over the globe. He was on the Editorial Board of the Indian Political Science Review (Delhi), the editor of the Indian Journal of Political Science, Asian Editor of Governance, a member of the Editorial board of Environment and Security (Canada), and is currently on the Editorial Board of the Indian Journal of Public Administration (New Delhi), and of the Journal of Developing Societies (Sage publications). He is a member of the board of directors of the Centre for Business and Public Sector Ethics at Cambridge. He has published or edited around 32 books and published more than 200 articles in refereed journals. He has headed for long periods, and is now the President Emeritus of the International Political Science Association’s Research Committee (RC) 4 on Public Bureaucracies Developing Societies, and has been the Vice President of RC33 on the Study of Political Science and RC 20 on Electoral Reforms and Political Corruption. Amongst his most cited works are Contemporary Issues in Indian Administration (1976); Public Administration in India: 21st Century Challenges for Good Governance (2001 and 2004), and Governing Development Across Cultures; Challenges and Dilemmas of an Emerging Sub-discipline in Political Science (2007). Ivesa Lübben works as a researcher at the Center for Near and Middle East Studies (CNMS) at Marburg University, Germany. She is specialised in Islamic movements in the Middle East and North Africa. Her research interests comprise democratisation processes and the transformation of state structures in Middle Eastern countries, social movements as well as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. She has lived and worked as an author and researcher in Germany, Egypt and Syria and has done field research in Egypt, Sudan, Tunis, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Territories. She is currently working on the role of Islamic parties in the transformation processes in the MENA region. Rachid Ouaissa is Professor for Middle East Politics at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies at the Phillips-University, Marburg. His main fields of research are political, economic and societal developments in the Near and Middle East since the nineteenth century, the rise of Islamist movements in the region, and the EUs Mediterranean

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