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THE IMPACT of HIV/AIDS on EARLY Childhood a CASE of HOME CARE of NSAMBYA HOSPITAL. MAKINDYL Municipality by NA1GA HELLEN BSW/415

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THE IMPACT of HIV/AIDS on EARLY Childhood a CASE of HOME CARE of NSAMBYA HOSPITAL. MAKINDYL Municipality by NA1GA HELLEN BSW/415 THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON EARLY CHiLDHOOD A CASE OF HOME CARE OF NSAMBYA HOSPITAL. MAKINDYL MUNICIpALITy BY NA1GA HELLEN BSW/41504/133/DU DiSSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRLMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELORS DEGREE IN SOCIL WORK AND SOCIL ADMINJ5Tp~j~~~ OF ~ UNIVEj~SJTy OCTOBER, 2016 DECLARATION “This dissertation is my original work and has not been presented for a Degree or any other academic award in any University or Institution of Learning?. NAIGA HELLEN Signature: Date APPROVAL “I confirm that the work reported in this dissertation is carried out by the candidate under my/our supervisio&t, OKIMAJT~OLAKI DAVID “p/I ~4~’/W Signature: ~ DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my beloved parents MR&MRS Muyomba James Bosco, My Sisters Nakakeeto Moureen, Namuyomba Cissy, Namirimu Winnie and my two brothers Ssemugambi Drake and Muyomba Lyton. Not forgetting all my friends Brenda, Enock, Sarah, Joan, Kasime Rogers, Kasozi Fred and Mugume for all their emotional, financial and spiritual support. May the almighty God (Allah) reward them abundantly III ACKNOWLEDGE~r1~r I thank all the key informants like the Hospital administrator, the hospital staff like the Doctors, counselors ,care takers, managers in Nsambye hospital and the local people who willingly provided lntbrmatlpn that enabled this research become a success. Special thanks go to my beloved parents for their financial and emotional support and my sisters for their encouragement Finally I acknowledge the academic support and knowledge given to me by my academic supervisor who continually corrected and guided me academically making this piece of work reality and everyone who contributed towards the compilation and completion of this dissertation may the almighty God bless you abundantly.. Iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents DECLARATION . APPROVAL DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTOFTABLES ix LIST OF ACCRONMyS ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.0. Introduction 1.1 Background of the HIV 1 .2 Problem statement 6 1.3 General objective 7 1.4. Specific objectives 1 .5 Research questions 7 1.6 Scope of the study 8 1.6.1 Content scope 8 1.6.2 Geographical scope 8 .6.3 Time scope 8 .8 Significance of the study 8 .9 Operational definitions of key terms 8 v CHAPTER TWO .10 LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.0 Introduction 10 2.1 The effect of HI V/AIDS on early childhood development in Uganda 10 2.2 Special Vulnerabjljties of Early childhood under Five Nutrition 13 2.2. 1 Early childhood ages 0—6 months of age: breastfeeding 15 2.2.2 Early childhood ages six to thirty-six months of age: complementary feeding 16 2.2.3 Early childhood ages three—four: family foods 17 2.2.4 Food discrimination 17 2.2.5 Health coj~cel•ns 18 2.2.6 Common infections 1 8 2.2.7 Immunjsable diseases 19 2.2.8 Psychosocial concerns 19 2.2.9 Consistency of caregive 20 2.3 Psychosocial impacts on health and survival 22 2.3.1 General aspects olcare 23 2.3.2 Coping ~~ith grief 23 2.4 Measures to reduce HI V/AIDS infection on early childhood 25 CHAPTER THREE 28 METFIODOLOCy 28 3.0 Introduction 28 3. 1 Research design 28 3.2 Study area 28 3.3 Population of the study 28 3.4 Sample size .29 3.5 Sampling techniques 30 3.5.1 Simple Random Sampling 30 3.5.2 Purposive Sampling 30 3.6. Data collection techniques 30 3.6. 1 Questionnaire Survey 30 3.6.2 Documentary Review Method 3 1 3.7 Data Analysis and interpretation techniques 3 1 3.9 Data quality control 3 1 3. 10 Ethical considerations 32 3.11 Limitation to the study 32 CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 34 4.1 Introduction 34 4. 1 Back Ground information 34 4.1.1 Age of the respondent 35 4.1.2 Sex of the respondent 35 4.1.3 Which Department do you belong9 36 4. 1 .5 1—low long have you v.. orked with Home Care’2 37 4.2 The effect of HIV/AIDS on early childhood development in Uganda 37 4.2.1 1-las HIV/AIDS greatly affected the development of early childhood in Uganda’2 37 4.2.2 If Yes ~~hat are some of the effects of HI V/AIDS on early childhood’? 38 4.3 The challenges HI V/AIDS poses to early childhood development in Uganda 39 4.3.1 Has HIV/AIDS posse a challenge to early childhood development in Uganda’? 39 4.3.2 If Yes What are the major challenges that I-IlV/AIDS posse to early childhood in Home care? 40 4.3.3 Which of the challenges mentioned above is common in home care 41 4.4 Measures to reduce the effects of HI V/AIDS on early childhood in Uganda 42 4.4. 1 Are there any measures taken to reduce the effects of HI V/AIDS on early childhood in Uganda’? 42 4.4.2 If Yes What are the measures taken to reduce the effects ofHIV/AIDS on early childhood in Home care’? 4.4.3 Which of the mentioned measures above have been adopted in Home care Nsarnbya 43 CHAPTER FIVE 45 SUMMERY, DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMADATIONS 45 5.0 Introduction 45 5.2 Conclusion 46 5.3 Recommendations 48 5.3 Area for further study 49 REFERENCES 50 APPENDICES ~~PPENDIX A: RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE 55 ‘~PPENDIX B: BUDGET 58 ~PPENDIX C: THE PROPOSED TIME FRAME 59 VIII LIST OF TABLES Table I: Showing Highest Academic Qualification of the respondent34 Table 2: Showing the Age of the respondent 35 Table 3: Showing the Sex of the respondent 35 Table 4: Showing Which Department the respondents belong 36 Table 5: Showing the position respondents hold in the organization 36 Table 6: Showing How long respondents have worked with Home Care 37 Table 7: Showing whether HI V/AIDS has greatly affected the development of early childhood in Uganda Table 8: Showing whether HI V/AIDS posses a challenge to early childhood development in Uganda Table 9: Showing the major challenges that HI V/AiDS posse to early childhood in Home care.40 Table 10: Showing the measures taken to reduce the effects of HI V/AIDS on early childhood in Uganda 42 Table 11: Showing the measures taken to reduce the effects of HI V/AIDS on early childhood in I-Iome care ix LIST OF ACCRONMyS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome WHO World Health Organizations UNAIDS United Nations programme on HIV and AIDS UNICEF United Nations international children’s emergency fluid MOH Ministry of Health UN United Nations PMTCT Preventing Mother To child Transmission VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing NRM National Resistance Movement USAID United States Agency For international Development HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy ‘C ABSTRACF HIV infection and AIDS among early childhood continues to be a significant problem in developing countrIes despite the progress that has been made in HIV preventIon and AIDS treatment elsewhere during the past two decades. The reasons fbr this difference are complex and multithctorial. They include the higher background prevalence of infection among adults in some communities in developing countries, the slow implementation in many countries of prenatal HIV screening programs and prophylaxis which can reduce the transmission to infhnts during labor and delivery, the social and health consequences of not breastfeeding, and the economic realities associated with expensive diagnostic testing and antiretroviral treatment. While the world waits for an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine, to reduce the prevalence of HIV in the community, public health programs need to continue to emphasize proven methods of HIV transmission prevention among groups with a high-risk of HIV acquisition, as well as provide counselling for the general population about personal protection and the provision of compassionate care for those affected. xi CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0. Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a dangerous disease that has become a global pandemic since 1982. It poses one of the greatest challenges of the 21 century, It is among the highest killer diseases in the world, it discriminates no one. It kills early childhood, young people, and economically productive people, brings socio-economic suffering to households and adversely affects economic development. Estimates of HI V/AIDS incidence in the USA in 2006 is 56300 new infections annually (World Bank report, 2002). This chapter comprises the background to the study, problem statement, objectives, study scope, conceptual framework and the definition of terms. 1.1 Background of the H1V The HIV epidemic has transformed the childhood, youth and adulthood of millions globally. Over three million early childhood and 38 million adults are infected with HIV worldwide.(Uganda Aids Commission Net work (2013) The epidemic affects early childhood both through the illness and death of early childhood themselves and through the illness and death of parents. teachers. and other caretakers, While the footprint of the HIV pandemic is felt globally, the impact is currently greatest in the southern coner of Africa. In the last year 2015 alone, there were 3.5 million new HIV infections among adults and early childhood in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO 201 5). Yet countries well beyond Africa are afTected. Recently. attention has been focused on the rapid rise of infection rates in Asia and in Central and Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 1.2 million adults and early childhood are living with HIV. India has four million infected adults and early childhood, a total second only to South Africa UNAIDS (2015) Globally the worst epidemic is in Africa.
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