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Educational Technology Adoption in Leading Ghanaian State University Business Schools

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Educational Technology Adoption in Leading Ghanaian State University Business Schools EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN LEADING GHANAIAN STATE UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOLS Nii Laryeafio, Michael Salford Business School University of Salford, UK Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ph.D. Thesis 2018 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... viii Dedication ................................................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................. x Declaration ............................................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ xiii Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations/Acronyms ................................................................... xiv Chapter 1- General Introduction........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rationale of study ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Research Motivation ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Objectives of study ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Overview of the Research Questions ......................................................................................... 6 1.6 Research Contributions ................................................................................................................. 7 1.7 Dissertation Structure .................................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Chapter Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2.0: Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Definition of concepts .................................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Usage ...................................................... 40 2.4 Technology’s Effect on Student Achievement ..................................................................... 43 2.5 Strategies that Contribute to Technology’s Program Success ....................................... 44 2.6 ICT Implementation challenges in Higher Learning institutions ................................ 49 2.7 Planning for Technology Integration in Education ........................................................... 52 2.8 Digital literacies ............................................................................................................................. 54 2.9 Pedagogical Theories and its Implication on EduTech .................................................... 58 2.10 Gaps and bias in the literature ............................................................................................... 67 2.11 Conclusion and development of themes ............................................................................ 68 i Chapter 3 - Conceptual Framework for EduTech ...................................................................... 70 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 70 3.2 Construction of the conceptual framework ......................................................................... 70 3.3 Significance of the conceptual framework ........................................................................... 71 3.4 Internal factors of the conceptual framework .................................................................... 73 3.4.1 University leadership ........................................................................................................................... 73 3.4.1.1 Availability of Technological resources and infrastructure ........................................ 73 3.4.1.2 Training and development programs ................................................................................... 74 3.4.2 User attitude ............................................................................................................................................ 75 3.5 External factors of the conceptual framework ................................................................... 76 3.5.1 Government as an influence on the university .......................................................................... 76 3.5.1.1 Peace and security of a country or location ....................................................................... 77 3.5.1.2 Funding as an influence on the university .......................................................................... 78 3.5.2 Industry as an influence on the university .................................................................................. 79 3.5.3 Information technology as an influence on the university ................................................... 79 3.5.4 Demand for Access as an influence on the university ............................................................ 81 3.6 Policy and practical value .......................................................................................................... 82 3.7 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 82 Chapter 4.0: Research Context (Ghana) ....................................................................................... 83 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 83 4.2 Country Profile ............................................................................................................................... 83 4.3 Education in Ghana ....................................................................................................................... 85 4.4 Structure of formal Education .................................................................................................. 86 4.5 Overview of Research Case Studies ........................................................................................ 88 4.5.1 Case Study One (University of Cape Coast (UCC) ..................................................................... 88 4.5.2 Case Study Two: University of Ghana (UG) ................................................................................. 89 4.5.3 Case Study Three: University of Professional Studies (UPS) ............................................... 89 4.5.4 Case Study Four: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 90 4.6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 91 Chapter 5.0: Research Methodological Design .......................................................................... 92 ii 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 92 5.2 Research Methods versus Methodology ............................................................................... 93 5.2.1 Choosing appropriate research methodology for this study ............................................... 94 5.3 STAGE 1: Research Philosophy ................................................................................................. 97 5.3.1 Importance of research philosophies ............................................................................................ 98 5.3.2 Ontological assumptions .................................................................................................................... 99 5.3.3 Epistemological assumptions ........................................................................................................ 100 5.4 STAGE 2: Research Paradigms ................................................................................................ 101 5.4.1 Traditional approaches to research paradigms ..................................................................... 102 5.4.1.1 Positivist .........................................................................................................................................
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