DOCSLIB.ORG

Stand Up, Speak Out: the Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stand Up, Speak Out: the Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking [AUTHOR REMOVED AT REQUEST OF ORIGINAL PUBLISHER] Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking [AUTHOR REMOVED AT REQUEST OF ORIGINAL PUBLISHER] UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA LIBRARIES PUBLISHING EDITION, 2016. THIS EDITION ADAPTED FROM A WORK ORIGINALLY PRODUCED IN 2011 BY A PUBLISHER WHO HAS REQUESTED THAT IT NOT RECEIVE ATTRIBUTION. MINNEAPOLIS, MN Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking by [Author removed at request of original publisher] is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Contents Publisher Information ix Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today 1.1 Why Is Public Speaking Important? 3 1.2 The Process of Public Speaking 9 1.3 Chapter Exercises 18 Chapter 2: Ethics Matters: Understanding the Ethics of Public Speaking 2.1 The Ethics Pyramid 21 2.2 Ethics in Public Speaking 26 2.3 Free Speech 37 2.4 Chapter Exercises 41 Chapter 3: Speaking Confidently 3.1 What Is Communication Apprehension? 45 3.2 All Anxiety Is Not the Same: Sources of Communication Apprehension 51 3.3 Reducing Communication Apprehension 55 3.4 Coping with the Unexpected 63 3.5 Chapter Exercises 66 Chapter 4: The Importance of Listening 4.1 Listening vs. Hearing 69 4.2 Listening Styles 72 4.3 Why Listening Is Difficult 76 4.4 Stages of Listening 83 4.5 Listening Critically 88 4.6 Chapter Exercises 96 Chapter 5: Audience Analysis 5.1 Why Conduct an Audience Analysis 100 5.2 Three Types of Audience Analysis 108 5.3 Conducting Audience Analysis 117 5.4 Using Your Audience Analysis 121 5.5 Chapter Exercises 124 Chapter 6: Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic 6.1 General Purposes of Speaking 128 6.2 Selecting a Topic 140 6.3 What If You Draw a Blank? 145 6.4 Specific Purposes 151 6.5 Conclusion 157 6.6 Chapter Exercises 158 Chapter 7: Researching Your Speech 7.1 What Is Research? 163 7.2 Developing a Research Strategy 169 7.3 Citing Sources 184 7.4 Chapter Exercises 196 Chapter 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments 8.1 Using Research as Support 200 8.2 Exploring Types of Support 206 8.3 Using Support and Creating Arguments 217 8.4 Chapter Exercises 227 Chapter 9: Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech Effectively 9.1 The Importance of an Introduction 231 9.2 The Attention-Getter: The First Step of an Introduction 236 9.3 Putting It Together: Steps to Complete Your Introduction 244 9.4 Analyzing an Introduction 253 9.5 Chapter Exercises 256 Chapter 10: Creating the Body of a Speech 10.1 Determining Your Main Ideas 262 10.2 Using Common Organizing Patterns 270 10.3 Keeping Your Speech Moving 277 10.4 Analyzing a Speech Body 283 10.5 Chapter Exercises 286 Chapter 11: Concluding with Power 11.1 Why Conclusions Matter 290 11.2 Steps of a Conclusion 293 11.3 Analyzing a Conclusion 300 11.4 Chapter Exercises 303 Chapter 12: Outlining 12.1 Why Outline? 307 12.2 Types of Outlines 313 12.3 Using Outlining for Success 324 12.4 Chapter Exercises 328 Chapter 13: The Importance of Language 13.1 Oral versus Written Language 332 13.2 Using Language Effectively 337 13.3 Six Elements of Language 347 13.4 Chapter Exercises 352 Chapter 14: Delivering the Speech 14.1 Four Methods of Delivery 356 14.2 Speaking Contexts That Affect Delivery 361 14.3 Using Notes Effectively 366 14.4 Practicing for Successful Speech Delivery 370 14.5 Chapter Exercises 383 Chapter 15: Presentation Aids: Design and Usage 15.1 Functions of Presentation Aids 388 15.2 Types of Presentation Aids 396 15.3 Media to Use for Presentation Aids 412 15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids 419 15.5 Chapter Exercises 425 Chapter 16: Informative Speaking 16.1 Informative Speaking Goals 430 16.2 Types of Informative Speeches 437 16.3 Chapter Exercises 447 Chapter 17: Persuasive Speaking 17.1 Persuasion: An Overview 450 17.2 Types of Persuasive Speeches 460 17.3 Organizing Persuasive Speeches 465 17.4 Chapter Exercises 473 Chapter 18: Speaking to Entertain 18.1 Understanding Entertaining Speeches 477 18.2 Special-Occasion Speeches 481 18.3 Keynote Speaking 490 18.4 Chapter Exercises 496 Appendix: Your First Speech Appendix: 1. The Public Speaking Pyramid 499 Appendix: 2. Foundations of Public Speaking 500 Appendix: 3. Speech Preparation 505 Appendix: 4. Speech Practice 509 Appendix: 5. Conclusion 512 Please share your supplementary material! 513 Publisher Information Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking is adapted from a work pro- duced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA) in 2011 by a pub- lisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. This adapted edition is produced by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing through the eLearning Support Initiative. This adaptation has reformatted the original text, and replaced some images and figures to make the resulting whole more shareable. This adaptation has not significantly altered or updated the original 2011 text. This work is made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today Public Speaking in the Twenty-First Century Nadine Dereza – ‘Insider Secrets of Public Speaking’. – CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Public speaking is the process of designing and delivering a message to an audience. Effective public speaking involves understanding your audience and speaking goals, choosing elements for the speech that will engage your audience with your topic, and delivering your message skillfully. Good public speakers understand that they must plan, organize, and revise their material in order to develop an effective speech. This book will help you under- stand the basics of effective public speaking and guide you through the process of creating your own presenta- tions. We’ll begin by discussing the ways in which public speaking is relevant to you and can benefit you in your career, education, and personal life. In a world where people are bombarded with messages through television, social media, and the Internet, one of the first questions you may ask is, “Do people still give speeches?” Well, type the words “public speaking” into Amazon.com or Barnesandnoble.com, and you will find more than two thousand books with the words “public speaking” in the title. Most of these and other books related to public speaking are not college textbooks. In fact, many books written about public speaking are intended for very specific audiences: A Handbook of Public Speak- ing for Scientists and Engineers (by Peter Kenny), Excuse Me! Let Me Speak!: A Young Person’s Guide to Public Speaking (by Michelle J. Dyett-Welcome), Professionally Speaking: Public Speaking for Health Professionals (by Frank De Piano and Arnold Melnick), and Speaking Effectively: A Guide for Air Force Speakers (by John A. Kline). Although these different books address specific issues related to nurses, engineers, or air force officers, the content is basically the same. If you search for “public speaking” in an online academic database, you’ll find numerous articles on public speaking in business magazines (e.g., BusinessWeek, Nonprofit World) and acade- mic journals (e.g., Harvard Business Review, Journal of Business Communication). There is so much information available about public speaking because it continues to be relevant even with the growth of technological means of communication. As author and speaker Scott Berkun writes in his blog, “For all our tech, we’re still very fond of the most low tech thing there is: a monologue” (Berkun, 2009). People continue to spend millions of dollars every year to listen to professional speakers. For example, attendees of the 2010 TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) conference, which invites speakers from around the world to share their ideas in short, eighteen-minute presentations, paid six thousand dollars per person to listen to fifty speeches over a four-day period. Technology can also help public speakers reach audiences that were not possible to reach in the past. Millions of people heard about and then watched Randy Pausch’s “Last Lecture” online. In this captivating speech, Randy Pausch, a Carnegie Mellon University professor who retired at age forty-six after developing inoperable tumors, delivered his last lecture to the students, faculty, and staff. This inspiring speech was turned into a DVD and a best-selling book that was eventually published in more than thirty-five languages (Carnegie Mellon University, 2011). We realize that you may not be invited to TED to give the speech of your life or create a speech so inspirational that it touches the lives of millions via YouTube; however, all of us will find ourselves in situations where we will be asked to give a speech, make a presentation, or just deliver a few words. In this chapter, we will first address why public speaking is important, and then we will discuss models that illustrate the process of public speaking itself. References Berkun, S. (2009, March 4). Does public speaking matter in 2009? [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.scottberkun.com/blog. Carnegie Mellon University. (n.d.). Randy Pausch’s last lecture. Retrieved June 6, 2011, from http://www.cmu.edu/randyslecture. 1.1 Why Is Public Speaking Important? Learning Objectives 1. Explore three types of public speaking in everyday life: informative, persuasive, and entertaining. 2. Understand the benefits of taking a course in public speaking.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Class Iii Session 2019-20
    TAGORE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL VASANT VIHAR CO- SCHOLASTIC SYLLABUS - CLASS III SESSION 2019-20 ART PURSUIT OTHERS MONTH PUBLIC SPEAKING THEATRE PERFORMING ART CLAY ART GK/ COMPUTERS PHYSICAL MODELLING EDUCATION Apr.-May 1. Getting Familiar – 1. Getting Familiar Indian Classical Dance: Introduction to GK Game – To encourage Activity warm and cool GK recap Volleyball April and May mutual interaction. Catch my name: *Introduction to “Lehra” colours Body facts Skill – Each student will be A fun way of learning *Revision of previous Introduction Fitness and sports Underhand serve asked to introduce names by throwing a lessons to Clay Through Georgia Sports stars Value: Being themselves to the ball around a circle (Teen taal – Vilambit lay) Modelling O Keeffe’s art Current affairs and JIMMY GEORGE humane others. This will be from one person to *Mudras (five) weather report (March 8, 1955 in followed by greeting another. *Tihaai(16 Beats) Designing with Peravoor – each other. *Tukda(16 Beats). found objects Computers November 30, Gender 2. Introduction to with PYTHON TURTLE 1987) is often awareness: Public Speaking: any floral ● Working with considered one of Respecting Introduce the 2. Introduce the Vocal music-Raag- inspiration and Python Turtle the greatest all students to public students to ‘Drama’ Bhimpalasi-JaaJaa re. create a series ● Basic commands volleyball players speaking and and different forms of of wall arts of all time and different aspects of drama. Western Music (tiles). was a member of public speaking. 3.What is theatre? India men's Life Skills: Discuss what is Song- I am the Earth/ national volleyball Helpfulness required while 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Funny Business Public-Speaking Champ Darren Lacroix Has Made a Business out of a Talent for Cracking Wise to Crowds
    Funny Business Public-speaking champ Darren LaCroix has made a business out of a talent for cracking wise to crowds. By STEVE ALMOND ARREN LACROIX STANDS Fredrick Marckini, CEO of Arlington-based before two dozen members of the search engine positioning firm iProspect. Quannapowitt Toastmasters Club in "In this business environment, it's all DDNorth Quincy and offers a startling about getting your message out," Marckini confession. says. "And who better to teach us than the "I was not funny in high school." he world champion of speakers? We paid announces. "In fact, I was voted least likely to Darren $100 an hour to help train our staff, ever be funny." and I consider that a steal. The impact he The crowd, of course, finds this howlingly made was astounding." funny. Which is a good thing because Rule Back in 1992, LaCroix was just a young Darren LaCroix No.1 of the Gospel of Darren LaCroix reads: man with a closeted passion for shtick and a No matter what you think, you can be funny. business degree from Bryant College in is featured in the Rule No.2: As long as you're willing to make Rhode Island. He'd already tried to launch February issue of: mistakes. a Subway sandwich shop franchise. "I took Boston Magazine LaCroix, 35, has moonlighted for years as a $60,000 debt," he notes blithely, "and a standup comedian and,more recently, as a doubled it." public speaker. Last summer, he beat out more LaCroix decided to become a comic. than 25,000 competitors from 14 countries to Eventually, to the relief of his parents, he become the first person from New England to realized that standup comedy was not his win Toastmasters International's World calling.
    [Show full text]
  • A Look Behind the Curtains of Stand-Up Comedy: Psychology in Stand-Up Comedy
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Filozofická fakulta Katedra psychologie A Look behind the Curtains of Stand-Up Comedy: Psychology in Stand-Up Comedy Bakalářská diplomová práce Autor: Benedikt Říčný Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Jan Šmahaj, Ph.D. Olomouc 2014 Prohlášení „Ochrana informací v souladu s ustanovením § 47b zákona o vysokých školách, autorským zákonem a směrnici rektora k Zadání tématu, odevzdáváni a evidence údajů o bakalářské, diplomové, disertační prací a rigorózní prací a způsob jejich zveřejněni. Student odpovídá za to, že veřejná část závěrečné práce je koncipovaná a strukturovaná tak, aby podávala úplně informace o cílech závěrečné práce a dosažených výsledcích. Student nebude zveřejňovat v elektronické verzi závěrečné práce plné znění standardizovaných psychodiagnostických metod chráněných autorským zákonem (záznamový arch, test/dotazník, manuál). Plné znění psychodiagnostických metod může být pouze přílohou tištěné verze závěrečné práce. Zveřejněni je možné pouze po dohodě s autorem nebo vydavatelem.“ Místopřísežně prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou diplomovou práci na téma: „A Look behind the Curtains of Stand-Up Comedy: Psychology in Stand-Up Comedy“ vypracoval samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího diplomové práce a uvedl jsem všechny použité podklady a literaturu. V…………………..dne ….……….. Podpis …………………………… Acknowledgement At this point I would like to thank the supervisor of this study PhDr. Jan Šmahaj, PhD. for the wonderful guidance, effort and time invested in this study. Further, I would like to thank my friends especially Mister Petr Pýcha, family and partner for much needed support and relief. Last but not least, I would like to thank all the respondents for letting me interview them on their own free time and through various difficulties. Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Rhetoric?
    SAGE Flex for Public Speaking What is Rhetoric? Brief: Rhetoric, which dates back to ancient times, is the art of speaking well and includes five key parts: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Learning Objective: Define rhetoric and identify its five parts. Key Terms: • High style: A formal style of speech delivery. • Invention: Finding or thinking up good speech content. • Low style: An informal style of speech delivery. • Rhetoric: The art of speaking well. Definitions of Rhetoric A public speaking class is essentially a rhetoric class. This can be confusing because today the word rhetoric is often used to indicate that a speaker is lying (“His record doesn’t match his rhetoric”) or that a speaker is filling air with meaningless talk (“Let’s move past all the rhetoric and get down to business”). However, the study of rhetoric has been an important part of Western Culture for more than 2000 years. Because public speaking is so critical to developing a healthy democracy, ancient Greeks and Romans spent a lot of time thinking and writing about what’s required to make a good public speech. The Acropolis of Athens The ancient Greek Aristotle defined rhetoric as “the faculty of discovering in any particular case the available means of persuasion.” Aristotle’s teacher, Plato, held that rhetoric is “the art of 1 SAGE Flex for Public Speaking winning the soul by discourse.” And, the Roman thinker Quintilian suggested simply that rhetoric is the art of speaking well. The Five Parts of Rhetoric Earlier thinkers established that the study and practice of rhetoric involves five main parts: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Music of Speech: Layering Musical Elements to Deliver Powerful Messages
    The Music of Speech: Layering Musical Elements to Deliver Powerful Messages Steven D. Cohen Doctoral Fellow University of Maryland omas E. Wei Aliated Assistant Professor of Public Policy Georgetown University Daniel C. DeFraia Master of Liberal Arts Candidate Harvard University Extension School Christopher J. Drury Master of Liberal Arts Candidate Harvard University Extension School Introduction Music and speech are both performance arts. While these two art forms may appear distinct, they share an important characteristic: the power to evoke visceral responses from listeners.1 Both music and speech depend upon a host of non-auditory factors, but it is the distinct mixture of sounds, both presented and perceived, that forms the primary basis for how these two art forms are understood. Scholars have debated the rhetorical impact of speech for decades. Irvine and Kirkpatrick challenged rhetorical theorists and critics to “develop a series of models that can account for the musical form in rhetorical exchange” since the current models were “of limited service in this task.”2 Since that time, scholars have published a diverse collection of articles that examine the interactions between rhetoric and music. While these articles are “diverse in perspective and theoretical grounding, [they] argue consistently that rhetorical analyses of music must consider both [the] lyrical message and musical score to be complete.”3 Although we agree with this conceptual framework, we do not view lyrics and score as two separate elements. Instead, we believe that the lyrical message is inherently musical—that there is a music of speech. When professional speakers deliver a line, they do not separate the words from the music.
    [Show full text]
  • Successful Public Speaking
    Successful Public Speaking Arina Nikitina Arina Nikitina Successful Public Speaking 2 Successful Public Speaking © 2011 Arina Nikitina & bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-7681-947-7 3 Successful Public Speaking Contents Contents Preface 6 About the Author 7 1 Introduction 8 1.1 Public Speaking in the Business World 8 1.2 Personal and Social Benefits of Public Speaking 9 2 Evolution of Public Speaking 10 2.1 What is public speaking? 10 2.2 Three Parts of Persuasion by Aristotle. 10 2.3 Cicero’s Five Canons of Rhetoric 12 2.4 Modern Elements of Public Speaking 12 2.5 Three Styles of Speech 13 3 Overcoming Fear of Public Speaking 14 3.1 Introduction 14 4 Successful Public Speaking Contents 3.2 The Hidden Psychology behind the Fear of Public Speaking 15 3.3 Two Biggest Myths about the Fear of Public Speaking 15 4 Components of a Successful Speech 18 4.1 Introduction 18 4.2 Storytelling 18 4.4 Tone of voice 21 4.5 The Power of Pause 26 4.6 Visual aids 28 5 The Three P’s of a Successful Speech 34 5.1 Introduction 34 5.2 Preparation 34 5.3 A Vital Step before the Speech Preparation 34 5.4 Finding time to Prepare Your Speech 36 5.5 SMART Speech Preparation 36 5.6 Practice 42 5.7 Performance 44 6 References 47 5 Successful Public Speaking Preface Preface Does the opportunity of delivering a speech in front of a large audience sound just as appealing as a visit to the dentist? Or do you feel pretty comfortable when talking in public but you are still looking for ways to improve your skills and get even better at motivating, engaging, persuading, presenting, and educating other people? In each case, you will benefit from reading “Successful Public Speaking”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Path to Public Speaking
    A PATH TO PUBLIC SPEAKING A HANDOUT FOR SPEAKING IV & V CLASS ANITA TRIASTUTI, MA ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2006 INTRODUCTION This handout is used for an internal purpose only and designed to equip the students of English Education Study Program at the intermediate level with an integrated resource to improve their public speaking skill so as to be more active, responsive, and skillful participants of various roles demanded in speech communication activities. This handout to public speaking contains six (6) parts, each of which covers some points to elaborate. Part I peels all the basic foundation the students need to know about speaking before public. Such topics as the power of public speaking, public speaking and critical thinking, speaking to develop self- confidence, and delivering your message are presented to form the students‟ comprehension on the basic points to perform a speech communication activity. The next elaboration on ethics and public speaking is intended to provide the students with the ethical rules in performing public speaking activities. Part II provides information on how to start preparing speeches before public. Some preliminary steps as selecting a topic and purpose, conducting an audience analysis, gathering materials, and supporting your ideas are outlined to visualize the initial steps to carry out a good speech/ presentation delivering. Part III elucidates all required steps for organizing and outlining speech. Part IV accelerates the students‟ public speaking activities by highlighting some practical and effective tips/ways for presenting their speeches. Such interesting methods on how to use language and give it a try in a good delivery are outlined to enable the students to give their best shoot.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cure Your Dread of Public Speaking by Art Markman JULY 25, 2018
    PRESENTATIONS How to Cure Your Dread of Public Speaking by Art Markman JULY 25, 2018 ZACHARY SCOTT/GETTY IMAGES Public speaking is so stressful for so many people that it is routinely used as a stress manipulation in psychological studies. Tell undergrads they have 10 minutes to prepare a speech that will be evaluated by experts, and their levels of the stress hormone cortisol shoot through the roof. Yet success in many roles requires speaking in public. In addition to presenting in my classes, I typically give a talk per week in front of groups. People ask me if speaking gets me nervous. It does not. And I give a lot of credit to my fascination with stand-up comedy. While I’m not a comedian COPYRIGHT © 2018 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 myself, I’ve been a fan of comedians and their process for a long time, and I think there are three lessons that anyone can learn from them about public speaking. It’s OK to Die Why exactly is public speaking so nerve-wracking? One main reason: It’s a social risk. If you give a bad talk (or trip on your way up to the stage), you worry that the stench of that talk will stick to you for the rest of your life. Your reputation will suffer, and that can have lasting consequences. Death is a frequent metaphor for comedians. When they have a great set, they killed. When they have a terrible set, they died on stage. Every comedian I have ever met or read about has died.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking
    Journal of Education and Educational Development Article Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking: Causes and Remedies Farhan Raja Institute of Business Management [email protected] Abstract Despite being competent in their field of work, professional’s worldwide struggle due to lack of good public speaking skills. Their assessments and appraisals are often not depictive of their professional competitiveness; therefore, it is important for students to overcome public speaking anxiety before they transit from academic life to professional life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons behind the anxiety level in undergraduate students of a public speaking class and recommend strategies to overcome this fear. This study was entailed quantitative research paradigm on a sample of 50 students using convenience sampling technique from a reputable private sector business school in Karachi. The findings showed that students who fear public speaking can perform well if they use certain strategies to fight their fears. 75% participants admitted their fear of public speaking and 95% participants agreed that if proper counseling, instruction and coaching is provided, this fear can be overcome. Research revealed that exposure to virtual environment can facilitate student confidence and enables themto face audience irrespective of the size. Keywords: anxiety, confidence, fear, public speaking 94 Vol. 4 No. 1 (June 2017) Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking Introduction Most people are not born public speakers; they are trained to become one. When they find themselves in situations where they become the focus of attention as they have to address an audience, they experience emotions like fear and anxiety, leading to nausea and excessive sweating.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of Public Speaking Chapter 2
    www.publicspeakingproject.org origins of public speaking chapter 2 By: Peter A. DeCaro, Ph.D. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK introduction chapter outline: The art of public speaking was practiced chapter objectives: • Introduction long before the Greeks wrote about it in After reading this chapter, you should be • Ancient Greece their treatises more than 2,500 years able to: o The Rise of Democracy ago. For Greek men, it was a way of o The Nature of Rhetoric life, a way of being, just like football 1. Identify the historical events that o Dialectics and Logic and baseball are to us today. We led up to democracy and the o The Rhetorical Approach attribute today’s field of communication recognition of persuasion and • The Roman Republic’s Adoption to the ancient Greeks because they were public speaking as art forms in of Rhetoric the first to systematize the art of public Athens, Greece. o Cicero’s Influence Quintillion’s Influence speaking, which they called “rhetoric.” 2. Describe the nature of public o speaking in Athens during the 5th • The Middle Ages The art, or use of public speaking, is century B.C. and the role it o St. Augustine quite different today than when it was played in a democratic society. o Christianity practiced by the Greeks, and then the 3. Apply Plato’s approach to • The Renaissance Romans. Theirs was a time that didn’t dialectics and logic. o The Humanists The Rationalists have multimedia - television, radio, 4. Explain Aristotle’s descriptions of o • The Modern Period internet, movies, newspapers, and the rhetoric and public speaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Speaking Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series
    PUBLIC SPEAKING BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA MERIT BADGE SERIES PUBLIC SPEAKING “Enhancing our youths’ competitive edge through merit badges” Requirements 1. Give a three- to five-minute introduction of yourself to an audience such as your troop, class at school, or some other group. 2. Prepare a three- to five-minute talk on a topic of your choice that incorporates body language and visual aids. 3. Give an impromptu talk of at least two minutes either as part of a group discussion or before your counselor. Use a subject selected by your counselor that is interest- ing to you but that is not known to you in advance and for which you do not have time to prepare. 4. Select a topic of interest to your audience. Collect and organize information about the topic and prepare an outline. Write an eight- to 10-minute speech, practice it, then deliver it in a conversational way. 5. Show you know parliamentary procedure by leading a discussion or meeting according to accepted rules of order, or by answering questions on the rules of order. 35936 ISBN 978-0-8395-3373-3 ©2013 Boy Scouts of America 2016 Printing .Public Speaking Resources Public Speaking Resources Scouting Literature Griffin, Jack. How to Say It Best: Choice Journalism and Communication merit Words, Phrases and Model Speeches for badge pamphlets Every Occasion. Prentice Hall, 2005. Gottesman, Deb, and Buzz Mauro. Books Taking Center Stage: Masterful Andrews, Robert. The Concise Public Speaking Using Acting Skills Columbia Dictionary of Quotations. You Never Knew You Had. Berkley Columbia University Press, 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Public Speaking – Dale Carnegie
    1 CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI Chapter XVIII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI Part III, Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein 2 The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Art of Public Speaking Author: Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein Release Date: July 17, 2005 [EBook #16317] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING *** Produced by Cori Samuel, Janet Blenkinship and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcribers note: Chapter XIV contains phonetic representation of the vowel 'o' using [)o]; [=o]; [=oo] and [)oo]. The Art of Public Speaking BY J. BERG ESENWEIN AUTHOR OF "HOW TO ATTRACT AND HOLD AN AUDIENCE," "WRITING THE SHORT-STORY," "WRITING THE PHOTOPLAY," ETC., ETC., AND DALE CARNAGEY PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING, BALTIMORE SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE; INSTRUCTOR IN PUBLIC SPEAKING, Y.M.C.A.
    [Show full text]