DOCSLIB.ORG

Mechanisms of Action of the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Sleeve

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mechanisms of Action of the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Sleeve Mechanisms of action of the duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve Jessica Jade McMaster BSc, MDietSt A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 Faculty of Medicine ABSTRACT The prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Weight loss improves morbidity and mortality in people with obesity and T2DM. However, effective long-term obesity treatments are limited. Lifestyle modification is the first line treatment, but long-term data suggest a return to baseline weight after successful weight loss. In contrast, bariatric surgery causes permanent anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to facilitate weight loss. This is the most effective long-term treatment for obesity and T2DM. However, compared to the large number of eligible individuals, very few patients undergo bariatric surgery. Minimally invasive treatment options have been developed to fill the treatment gap between conservative and surgical measures. One treatment option is the duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve (DJBS; EndoBarrier®; GI Dynamics, Lexington, MA, USA). This is a 60 cm impermeable sleeve device, which is placed endoscopically into the duodenal bulb, extending to the jejunum and left in place for up to 48 weeks. The device separates bile and pancreatic secretions from chyme, reducing the contact of ingested food with the small intestinal mucosa. Significant weight loss and improvements in glycaemic control have been reported after DJBS treatment, but little is known about the mechanisms of action of the device. The device dwells in the GIT, but the impact of implantation on gastrointestinal function has undergone limited investigation. Obesity and T2DM are associated with derangements in normal physiology. We currently have a poor understanding of the impact of DJBS treatment on these parameters, and how this might be linked to device mechanisms of action. The effect of DJBS implantation on the upper GIT microbiota or the local or systemic immune response is unknown. Therefore, this thesis addresses the mechanisms of action of the DJBS in terms of clinical response, gastrointestinal function and microbial and immune parameters. The clinical effects of DJBS treatment, in addition to dietary intake, lifestyle factors and long-term outcomes after device removal were assessed. DJBS treatment for up to 48 weeks resulted in significant improvements in anthropometric and metabolic measures. In parallel, reductions in dietary intake were observed. One year after device removal, the majority of patients were unable to sustain clinically significant weight loss. Despite this, some beneficial metabolic effects remained. Investigation of the effect of DJBS treatment on gastrointestinal function revealed no significant impact of DJBS treatment on gastric emptying or intraluminal lipolytic activity. However, gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly increased following DJBS implantation. In particular, there was a significant increase in epigastric pain symptoms after device placement. When considered in combination with the dietary intake results, a key mechanism of action of the i device for inducing weight loss appears to be the induction of gastrointestinal symptoms. This occurs primarily in relation to meals and may facilitate weight loss by reducing dietary intake. Changes to patients’ gastrointestinal microbiota during DJBS treatment was investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The gastric and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM), stool microbiota and the device biofilm microbial community were characterised. DJBS treatment induced significant changes in the gastric and duodenal MAM, such as decreases in organisms typical of the proximal GIT and increases in organisms typical of the distal intestine. A distinct microbial community was formed on the device, characterised largely by organisms typical of the distal intestine. DJBS treatment induced transient changes in the stool microbiota. This was mirrored by changes in the predicted functional capacity of the microbiota, suggesting an alteration in energy metabolism, with a preference for carbohydrate metabolism. Finally, the systemic and local immune response to DJBS treatment was assessed. There was no significant change in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines following DJBS treatment. There were changes in T cell phenotype that were broadly suggestive of an increase in immune activation. In the duodenum, modest changes in morphology occurred following DJBS treatment, with villous blunting observed in a number of patients. In parallel, there was a significant increase in eosinophils and intraepithelial lymphocytes. This suggest the DJBS, a foreign body in the duodenum that is colonised by microbes typical of the distal intestine, induces a local immune response. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated the DJBS was clinically effective in the study population, resulting in weight loss and broad metabolic improvements. The DJBS induces significant gastrointestinal symptoms (including meal-related symptoms) in parallel with a significant reduction in dietary intake that may facilitate weight loss. There was no evidence of change in gastric emptying or altered absorption of fat. There were significant changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota following DJBS treatment, with a proliferation of more distal bowel organisms compared to those typically observed in the duodenum. In concert, a local immune response was observed, with potential implications for device safety. These results may provide insight into DJBS efficacy and tolerability and provide avenues of future research. ii DECLARATION BY AUTHOR This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, financial support and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my higher degree by research candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis and have sought permission from co-authors for any jointly authored works included in the thesis. iii PUBLICATIONS INCLUDED IN THIS THESIS No publications included. SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPTS INCLUDED IN THIS THESIS No manuscripts submitted for publication. OTHER PUBLICATIONS DURING CANDIDATURE Peer-reviewed papers von Wulffen M, Talley NJ, Hammer J, McMaster J, Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, Kendall BJ, Jones M, Holtmann G. Overlap of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Dyspepsia in the Clinical Setting: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Dig Dis Sci. 2018. 64:480-486 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018- 5343-6 Conference Abstracts and Presentations Oral Presentations Chapter 1: McMaster JJ, Rich GG, Shanahan ER, Do AT, Fletcher LM, Kutyla MJ, Tallis C, Macdonald GA, Chachay VS, Morrison M, Holtmann GJ. Mechanisms of action for weight reduction in patients treated with a duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve. Asia Pacific Digestive Week, Seoul, South Korea, November 2018 Chapter 2: McMaster JJ, Rich GG, Shanahan ER, Do AT, Fletcher LM, Kutyla MJ, Tallis C, Macdonald GA, Chachay VS, Morrison M, Holtmann GJ. Perturbation of the gut-brain-axis as the mechanism of action for weight reduction in patients treated with a duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve. Australian Gastroenterology Week, Brisbane, Australia, September 2018 Chapter 3: McMaster J, Rich G, Shanahan E, Fletcher L, Macdonald G, Koloski N, Morrison M, Chachay V, Holtmann G. Metabolic improvements following treatment with a duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes Australia and New Zealand Obesity Society/ Obesity Surgery Society of Australia and New Zealand/Asia-Oceania Conference on Obesity Annual Scientific Meeting, Adelaide, Australia, October 2017 iv Chapter 4: McMaster J, Rich G, Fletcher L, Gandhi A, Macdonald G, Shanahan E, Koloski N, Morrison M, Chachay V, Holtmann G. Metabolic and nutrition-related effects of a duodenal- jejunal bypass sleeve in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: preliminary results of a pilot study Australia and New Zealand Obesity Society Annual Scientific Meeting, Brisbane, Australia, October 2016 Poster Presentations 1. McMaster J.J, Shanahan E.R, Do A.T, Rich G.G, Chachay V.S, Macdonald G.A, Holtmann G.J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archaea, Bacteria and Termite, Nitrogen Fixation and Sustainable Plants Production
    Sun W et al . (2021) Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Volume 49, Issue 2, Article number 12172 Notulae Botanicae Horti AcademicPres DOI:10.15835/nbha49212172 Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Re view Article Archaea, bacteria and termite, nitrogen fixation and sustainable plants production Wenli SUN 1a , Mohamad H. SHAHRAJABIAN 1a , Qi CHENG 1,2 * 1Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; [email protected] (*corresponding author) a,b These authors contributed equally to the work Abstract Certain bacteria and archaea are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Metabolic pathways usually are common between archaea and bacteria. Diazotrophs are categorized into two main groups namely: root- nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Diazotrophs include free living bacteria, such as Azospirillum , Cupriavidus , and some sulfate reducing bacteria, and symbiotic diazotrophs such Rhizobium and Frankia . Three types of nitrogenase are iron and molybdenum (Fe/Mo), iron and vanadium (Fe/V) or iron only (Fe). The Mo-nitrogenase have a higher specific activity which is expressed better when Molybdenum is available. The best hosts for Rhizobium legumiosarum are Pisum , Vicia , Lathyrus and Lens ; Trifolium for Rhizobium trifolii ; Phaseolus vulgaris , Prunus angustifolia for Rhizobium phaseoli ; Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella for Rhizobium meliloti ; Lupinus and Ornithopus for Lupini, and Glycine max for Rhizobium japonicum . Termites have significant key role in soil ecology, transporting and mixing soil. Termite gut microbes supply the enzymes required to degrade plant polymers, synthesize amino acids, recycle nitrogenous waste and fix atmospheric nitrogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Desulfuribacillus Alkaliarsenatis Gen. Nov. Sp. Nov., a Deep-Lineage
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Extremophiles (2012) 16:597–605 DOI 10.1007/s00792-012-0459-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Desulfuribacillus alkaliarsenatis gen. nov. sp. nov., a deep-lineage, obligately anaerobic, dissimilatory sulfur and arsenate-reducing, haloalkaliphilic representative of the order Bacillales from soda lakes D. Y. Sorokin • T. P. Tourova • M. V. Sukhacheva • G. Muyzer Received: 10 February 2012 / Accepted: 3 May 2012 / Published online: 24 May 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract An anaerobic enrichment culture inoculated possible within a pH range from 9 to 10.5 (optimum at pH with a sample of sediments from soda lakes of the Kulunda 10) and a salt concentration at pH 10 from 0.2 to 2 M total Steppe with elemental sulfur as electron acceptor and for- Na? (optimum at 0.6 M). According to the phylogenetic mate as electron donor at pH 10 and moderate salinity analysis, strain AHT28 represents a deep independent inoculated with sediments from soda lakes in Kulunda lineage within the order Bacillales with a maximum of Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the domination of a 90 % 16S rRNA gene similarity to its closest cultured Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium strain AHT28. representatives. On the basis of its distinct phenotype and The isolate is an obligate anaerobe capable of respiratory phylogeny, the novel haloalkaliphilic anaerobe is suggested growth using elemental sulfur, thiosulfate (incomplete as a new genus and species, Desulfuribacillus alkaliar- T T reduction) and arsenate as electron acceptor with H2, for- senatis (type strain AHT28 = DSM24608 = UNIQEM mate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donor.
    [Show full text]
  • Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human patients --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: ANTO-D-15-00548R1 Full Title: Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human patients Article Type: Original Article Keywords: Kroppenstedtia species, Kroppenstedtia pulmonis, Kroppenstedtia sanguinis, polyphasic taxonomy, 16S rRNA gene, thermoactinomycetes Corresponding Author: Melissa E Bell, MS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia UNITED STATES Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Melissa E Bell, MS First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Melissa E Bell, MS Brent A. Lasker, PhD Hans-Peter Klenk, PhD Lesley Hoyles, PhD Catherine Spröer Peter Schumann June Brown Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: Abstract: Three human clinical strains (W9323T, X0209T and X0394) isolated from lung biopsy, blood and cerebral spinal fluid, respectively, were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the three strains belonged to two novel branches within the genus Kroppenstedtia: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of W9323T showed closest sequence similarity to Kroppenstedtia eburnea JFMB-ATE T (95.3 %), Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis GD02T (94.7 %) and strain X0209T (94.6 %); sequence analysis of strain X0209T showed closest sequence similarity to K. eburnea JFMB-ATE T (96.4 %) and K. guangzhouensis GD02T (96.0 %). Strains X0209T and X0394 were 99.9 % similar to each other by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The DNA-DNA relatedness was 94.6 %, confirming that X0209T and X0394 belong to the same species.
    [Show full text]
  • Melghirimyces Thermohalophilus Sp. Nov., a Thermoactinomycete Isolated from an Algerian Salt Lake
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2013), 63, 1717–1722 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.043760-0 Melghirimyces thermohalophilus sp. nov., a thermoactinomycete isolated from an Algerian salt lake Ammara Nariman Addou,1,2 Peter Schumann,3 Cathrin Spro¨er,3 Amel Bouanane-Darenfed,2 Samia Amarouche-Yala,4 Hocine Hacene,2 Jean-Luc Cayol1 and Marie-Laure Fardeau1 Correspondence 1Aix-Marseille Universite´, Universite´ du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, 13288 Marie-Laure Fardeau Marseille Cedex 09, France [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Mole´culaire (e´quipe de Microbiologie), Universite´ des sciences et de la technologie, Houari Boume´die`nne, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria 3Leibniz Institut DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 4Centre de Recherche Nucle´aire d’Alger (CRNA), Algeria A novel filamentous bacterium, designated Nari11AT, was isolated from soil collected from a salt lake named Chott Melghir, located in north-eastern Algeria. The strain is an aerobic, halophilic, thermotolerant, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, growing at NaCl concentrations between 5 and 20 % (w/v) and at 43–60 6C and pH 5.0–10.0. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso- C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 53.4 mol%. LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. The major menaquinone was MK-7, but MK-6 and MK-8 were also present in trace amounts. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and three unidentified phospholipids.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Tracing Hydrocarbon
    ABSTRACT TRACING HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION THROUGH HYPERALKALINE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE CALUMET REGION OF SOUTHEASTERN CHICAGO Kathryn Quesnell, MS Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern Illinois University, 2016 Melissa Lenczewski, Director The Calumet region of Southeastern Chicago was once known for industrialization, which left pollution as its legacy. Disposal of slag and other industrial wastes occurred in nearby wetlands in attempt to create areas suitable for future development. The waste creates an unpredictable, heterogeneous geology and a unique hyperalkaline environment. Upgradient to the field site is a former coking facility, where coke, creosote, and coal weather openly on the ground. Hydrocarbons weather into characteristic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can be used to create a fingerprint and correlate them to their original parent compound. This investigation identified PAHs present in the nearby surface and groundwaters through use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as well as investigated the relationship between the alkaline environment and the organic contamination. PAH ratio analysis suggests that the organic contamination is not mobile in the groundwater, and instead originated from the air. 16S rDNA profiling suggests that some microbial communities are influenced more by pH, and some are influenced more by the hydrocarbon pollution. BIOLOG Ecoplates revealed that most communities have the ability to metabolize ring structures similar to the shape of PAHs. Analysis with bioinformatics using PICRUSt demonstrates that each community has microbes thought to be capable of hydrocarbon utilization. The field site, as well as nearby areas, are targets for habitat remediation and recreational development. In order for these remediation efforts to be successful, it is vital to understand the geochemistry, weathering, microbiology, and distribution of known contaminants.
    [Show full text]
  • Reorganising the Order Bacillales Through Phylogenomics
    Systematic and Applied Microbiology 42 (2019) 178–189 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Systematic and Applied Microbiology jou rnal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/syapm Reorganising the order Bacillales through phylogenomics a,∗ b c Pieter De Maayer , Habibu Aliyu , Don A. Cowan a School of Molecular & Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa b Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany c Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, South Africa a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Bacterial classification at higher taxonomic ranks such as the order and family levels is currently reliant Received 7 August 2018 on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the presence of shared phenotypic characteristics. However, Received in revised form these may not be reflective of the true genotypic and phenotypic relationships of taxa. This is evident in 21 September 2018 the order Bacillales, members of which are defined as aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria. Accepted 18 October 2018 However, some taxa are anaerobic, asporogenic and coccoid. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny is also unable to elucidate the taxonomic positions of several families incertae sedis within this order. Whole genome- Keywords: based phylogenetic approaches may provide a more accurate means to resolve higher taxonomic levels. A Bacillales Lactobacillales suite of phylogenomic approaches were applied to re-evaluate the taxonomy of 80 representative taxa of Bacillaceae eight families (and six family incertae sedis taxa) within the order Bacillales.
    [Show full text]
  • Kroppenstedtia Eburnea Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2011), 61, 2304–2310 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.026179-0 Kroppenstedtia eburnea gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoactinomycete isolated by environmental screening, and emended description of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae Matsuo et al. 2006 emend. Yassin et al. 2009 Mathias von Jan,1 Nicole Riegger,2 Gabriele Po¨tter,1 Peter Schumann,1 Susanne Verbarg,1 Cathrin Spro¨er,1 Manfred Rohde,3 Bettina Lauer,2 David P. Labeda4 and Hans-Peter Klenk1 Correspondence 1DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Hans-Peter Klenk 2Microbiology, Vetter Pharma-Fertigung GmbH & Co. KG, 88212 Ravensburg, Germany [email protected] 3HZI – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 4National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA A Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, filamentous bacterium, strain JFMB-ATET, was isolated in 2008 during environmental screening of a plastic surface in grade C in a contract manufacturing organization in southern Germany. The isolate grew at temperatures of 25–50 6C and at pH 5.0–8.5, forming ivory-coloured colonies with sparse white aerial mycelia. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, except that the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, while all previously described members of this family display this diagnostic diamino acid in meso-conformation. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 54.6 mol%, the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids had saturated C14–C16 branched chains.
    [Show full text]
  • Planifilum Fulgidum Is the Dominant Functional Microorganism in Compost Containing Spent Mushroom Substrate
    sustainability Article Planifilum fulgidum Is the Dominant Functional Microorganism in Compost Containing Spent Mushroom Substrate Hong Zhang 1, Wenying Wang 2, Zaixue Li 3, Chuanlun Yang 3, Shuang Liang 4 and Lushan Wang 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; [email protected] 2 School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China; [email protected] 3 Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd., Boxing 256599, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (C.Y.) 4 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The extensive accumulation of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) owing to the large-scale production of edible fungi is causing environmental problems that cannot be ignored. Co-composting is a promising method for agricultural and animal husbandry waste disposal. In this study, the composition and function of microbial communities in the process of cattle manure–maize straw composting with SMS addition were compared through an integrated meta-omics approach. The results showed that irrespective of SMS addition, the predominant fungi were Ascomycota, while the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. High temperature promoted the evolution from Gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroides, Proteobacteria) to Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinomycetes). The composting process was accelerated Citation: Zhang, H.; Wang, W.; Li, Z.; by SMS addition, and the substrate was effectively degraded in 14 days. Metaproteomics results Yang, C.; Liang, S.; Wang, L. showed that the dominant microorganism, Planifilum fulgidum, secreted large amounts of S8, M17, Planifilum fulgidum Is the Dominant and M32 proteases that could degrade macromolecular protein substrates in the presence of SMS.
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Text (PDF)
    Vol. 13(7), pp. 134-144, 21 February, 2019 DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2018.9022 Article Number: 3BAD8DB60269 ISSN: 1996-0808 Copyright ©2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article African Journal of Microbiology Research http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR Full Length Research Paper Isolation and identification of bacteria from high- temperature compost at temperatures exceeding 90°C Kikue Hirota1, Chihaya Miura1,2, Nobuhito Motomura3, Hidetoshi Matsuyama4 and Isao Yumoto1,2* 1Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu- Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan. 2Laboratory of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan. 3Chitose Recycling Factory, Chuuou Chitose 066-0007, Japan. 4Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, Minamisawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan. Received 21 November, 2018; Accepted 15 January, 2019 Conventional composts exhibit temperatures ranging from 50 to 80°C during organic waste degradation by microorganisms. In high-temperature compost, temperatures can reach ≥90°C with appropriate bottom aeration. To elucidate specific characteristics of the bacterial activity in high-temperature compost and to regenerate a high-temperature compost from isolates, bacterial isolation and characterization were performed. Although the isolated taxa varied depending on sample and temperature, the use of gellan gum medium and cultivation at 60°C led to high diversity among the isolated taxa. In addition, combining the use of the compost extract with water-solvent medium led to the isolation of more diverse species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates shared ≥99% similarity with Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Ureibacillus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolites from Thermophilic Bacteria I
    The Journal of Antibiotics (2014) 67, 795–798 & 2014 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved 0021-8820/14 www.nature.com/ja NOTE Metabolites from thermophilic bacteria I: N-propionylanthranilic acid, a co-metabolite of the bacillamide class antibiotics and tryptophan metabolites with herbicidal activity from Laceyella sacchari Hirofumi Akiyama1, Naoya Oku1, Hiroaki Kasai2, Yoshikazu Shizuri2, Seitaro Matsumoto3 and Yasuhiro Igarashi1 The Journal of Antibiotics (2014) 67, 795–798; doi:10.1038/ja.2014.64; published online 28 May 2014 Since the discovery of gramicidin from Brevibacillus brevis in 1940,1 Thermoflavimicrobium, Planifilum, Mechercharimyces, Shimazuella, many important drugs including antibiotics, immunosuppressants, Desmospora, Kroppenstedtia, Marininema and Melghirimyces, based antidiabetic, antiobesity and anticancer drugs have been developed on List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature: from the metabolites of mesophilic soil bacteria.2 However, as a http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classifgenerafamilies.html). only two have reflection of worldwide efforts exerted over the years, discovering new been examined as sources for drug discovery. structures is becoming more and more difficult. Because expanding As part of our program to probe the biosynthetic potential of structural diversity of our chemical reservoir is a key requirement to unexpolited bacterial taxa, we have conducted metabolome mining in the successful drug discovery research, untapped microbes are now a strain identified as Laceyella sacchari, which resulted in the isolation gathering significant attention as new biomedical resources.3,4 of two N-acylanthranillic acids (1 and 2), one of which is new to The family Thermoactinomycetaceae (phylum Firmicutes) is one of natural products, as co-metabolites of bacillamides (3 and 4)and the kinships of Bacillaceae but has long been cataloged into N-acetyltryptamine (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Antagonistic Properties of Some Halophilic Thermoactinomycetes
    Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 1205258, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1205258 Research Article Antagonistic Properties of Some Halophilic Thermoactinomycetes Isolated from Superficial Sediment of a Solar Saltern and Production of Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides by the Novel Isolate Paludifilum halophilum Donyez Frikha Dammak,1 Ziad Zarai,2 Soumaya Najah,3 Rayed Abdennabi,4 Lassaad Belbahri,4 Mostafa E. Rateb,5 Hafedh Mejdoub,6 and Sami Maalej1 1 UniteBiodiversit´ eetEcosyst´ emes` Aquatiques Environnementaux (UR/11ES/72), Faculte´ des Sciences de Sfax, Universite´ de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia 2LaboratoiredeBiochimieetdeGenie´ Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, BPW, 1173 Sfax, Tunisia 3Institut de Biologie Integrative, UMR 9198, Universite´ Paris-Sud, Bat 400, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 4Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 11 Rue Emile Argand, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland 5School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK 6Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Veg´ etales´ Appliquees´ al’Am` elioration´ des Cultures, FSS, Universite´ de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia Correspondence should be addressed to Sami Maalej; [email protected] Received 23 March 2017; Accepted 18 June 2017; Published 27 July 2017 Academic Editor: Pedro J. Garcia-Moreno Copyright © 2017 Donyez Frikha Dammak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study has focused on the isolation of twenty-three halophilic actinomycetes from two ponds of different salinity and the evaluation of their ability to exert an antimicrobial activity against both their competitors and several other pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin Intermediates Lead to Phenyl Acid Formation and Microbial
    Prem et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2021) 14:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-020-01855-0 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Lignin intermediates lead to phenyl acid formation and microbial community shifts in meso- and thermophilic batch reactors Eva Maria Prem1* , Mira Mutschlechner1, Blaz Stres2,3,4, Paul Illmer1 and Andreas Otto Wagner1 Abstract Background: Lignin intermediates resulting from lignocellulose degradation have been suspected to hinder anaerobic mineralisation of organic materials to biogas. Phenyl acids like phenylacetate (PAA) are early detectable intermediates during anaerobic digestion (AD) of aromatic compounds. Studying the phenyl acid formation dynamics and concomitant microbial community shifts can help to understand the microbial interdependencies during AD of aromatic compounds and may be benefcial to counteract disturbances. Results: The length of the aliphatic side chain and chemical structure of the benzene side group(s) had an infuence on the methanogenic system. PAA, phenylpropionate (PPA), and phenylbutyrate (PBA) accumulations showed that the respective lignin intermediate was degraded but that there were metabolic restrictions as the phenyl acids were not efectively processed. Metagenomic analyses confrmed that mesophilic genera like Fastidiosipila or Syntropho- monas and thermophilic genera like Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Geobacillus, and Tissierella are associated with phenyl acid formation. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was prevalent in mesophilic samples at low and medium overload condi- tions,
    [Show full text]