Beethovens 1. OG 9

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Beethovens 1. OG 9 BEETHOVENS 1. OG 9. Dirigent / Lan Shui Medvirkende / Klara Ek, sopran / Elisabeth Jansson, mezzosopran / Thomas Cooley, tenor / Liao Changyong, baryton / Ars Nova / Det Lettiske Radiokor Koncertmester / Jon Gjesme Fredag 27. september kl. 19:30 Konservatoriets Koncertsal Aftenens dirigent / Lan Shui LAN SHUI Lan Shui har været kunstnerisk leder og chefdirigent ved Singapore Symphony Orchestra siden 1997 og tiltrådte i 2007 derudover stillingen som chefdirigent for Copenhagen Phil. Under Lan Shuis ledelse har Singapore Symphony Orchestra udviklet sig til et orkester i verdensklasse, og han har sammen med orkestret eksklusivaftale med pladeselskabet BIS. Han har dirigeret orkestret på flere meget roste turneer i Tyskland, Schweiz, Japan, Kina, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Frankrig, Spanien og USA. Som gæstedirigent har Lan Shui stået i spidsen for en lang række orkestre både i USA, Canada og Europa – bl.a. Baltimore Symphony, Detroit Symphony, Houston Symphony, Minnesota Orchestra, Deutsches Symphonie Orchester (Berlin), Göteborg Symfoniorkester samt Radio­ orkestrene i Frankfurt og Stuttgart. Han har optrådt på festivaler som Tanglewood, Aspen, Round Top, Eastern Music og Casals Festivalen. Lan Shui er født i Hangzhou i Kina. Han har studeret komposition på konservatoriet i Shang­ hai og har taget eksamen i direktion fra konservatoriet i Beijing. I 1986 fortsatte Lan Shui sine studier ved Boston University og deltog i Tanglewood Festivalen, hvor han arbejdede tæt sammen med Leonard Bernstein. Fra 1992 til 1994 var han assistent for dirigenten David Zinman ved Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Fra 1994 til 1997 var han Neeme Järvis assistent ved Detroit Symphony og Kurt Masurs assistent ved New York Philharmonic samtidig med, at han deltog i Boulez og Cleveland Orchestras Young Conductors' Project i Paris. Siden 1998 har Lan Shui indspillet over 16 cd'er på pladeselskabet BIS. Hans cd, Seascape, blev valgt som en af de bedste udgivelser i 2007 af International Music Web. Han har modtaget flere internationale priser bl.a. fra Beijing Arts Festival, New York Tcherepnin Society, Besancon dirigentkonkurrencen i Frankrig og Boston University (Distinguished Alumni Award). 2 PROGRAM Dirigent / Lan Shui Medvirkende / Klara Ek, sopran Elisabeth Jansson, mezzosopran Thomas Cooley, tenor Liao Changyong, baryton Ars Nova Det Lettiske Radiokor Koncertmester / Jon Gjesme LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN SYMFONI NR. 1, C-DUR, OPUS 21 (1800) 21’ (1770-1827) I. Adagio molto - Allegro con brio II. Andante cantabile con moto III. Menuetto: Allegro molto e vivace IV. Finale: Adagio - Allegro molto e vivace PAUSE LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN SymfONI NR. 9, D-MOL, OPUS 125 (1824) 60’ I. Allegro ma non troppo; un poco maestoso II. Molto vivace III. Adagio molto e cantabile V. Presto - Allegro assai - Allegro assai vivace 3 Programnoter / Thomas Stolting BEETHOVEN SymfONI NR. 1 Beethoven bosatte sig i Wien i 1792 som 22-årig. Han blev hurtigt accepteret af byens ellers kræsne publikum. Der skulle gå hele 8 år, før Beethoven kunne præsentere sig selv som symfoniker. Det skete i begyndelsen af april måned 1800 i forbindelse med en koncert på Hofteatret i Wien. Ved koncerten blev komponistens 2. klaverkoncert også spillet, og derudover værker af Haydn og Mozart. At Beethoven var inspireret af symfoniens fader, Joseph Haydn, er hævet over enhver tvivl. Og ligesom mesteren gjorde det i 11 af sine 12 berømte London symfonier, star- tede den unge Beethoven sin første symfoni med en langsom indledning, der skulle indikere, at der var noget betydningsfuldt i gang. Symfonien er helt klassisk opbygget i sit tonesprog og i 4 satser, men rent harmonisk overraskede den unge rebel dog i midten af sidste sats med en vovet modulation. Med sin første symfoni lagde Beethoven grundstenen til musikhistoriens nok betydeligste symfoniske produktion. BEETHOVEN SymfONI NR. 9 Der er noget særlig magisk over symfonier, der bærer tallet 9: Tænk bare på Mahler, Bruckner, Schubert, Dvorák og ikke mindst Beethoven. I 1824 var det over 10 år siden, at musikverdenen sidst var blevet præsenteret for en ny symfoni fra Beethovens hånd. Perioden 1814-1824 hører ikke til Beethovens mest produktive, men i netop det tiår, finder man nogle af komponistens skønneste værker, bl.a. klaversonaterne opus 101, 106, 109, Missa Solemnis, opus 123 og ikke mindst den 9. symfoni i d-mol, opus 125, der blev hans sidste. Symfoni nr. 9 blev uropført i begyndelsen af maj måned 1824 – og det var her Beet- hoven sprængte alle rammer for det, publikum tidligere havde hørt indenfor den sym- foniske genre. Orkesterbesætningen var – for datiden – enorm, bl.a. 4 waldhorn, 3 basuner, adskillige slagtøjsspillere, 4 sangsolister og ikke mindst et stort koncert- kor. Derudover spillede symfonien i mere end en time, hvilket var fuldstændig uhørt. Det var ikke første gang Beethoven skrev for stort kor, han havde nemlig i årene 1819-1823 komponeret sin store messe Missa Solemnis, der blev uropført samme år som den 9. symfoni. INSPIRATIONEN FRA SCHILLER Efter Beethovens død i 1827 studerede man hans skitsebøger og fandt her indikationer på, at han havde arbejdet med idéer, der skulle danne grundlag for én symfoni i h-mol og én i c-dur, og allerede i 1815 dukker motivet til den 9. symfonis scherzo (3. sats) op i form af et fugatema. 4 Der er ikke den store klarhed over 9. symfonis tilblivelseshistorie, fx ved man ikke med sikkerhed, hvornår idéen om en stort anlagt korfinale tog form. Det er Schillers Ode an die Freude (1785), der danner det tekstlige grundlag for finalen. Flere musikforskere mener, at Beethoven allerede i 1793 arbejdede med tanken om at sætte musik til Schil- lers digt, som indeholdt nogle af de revolutionære holdninger, den unge Beethoven elskede. Planerne løb dog ud i sandet, men komponisten glemte ikke digtet. Tyve år senere gik han med planerne om at komponere over digtet som en hymne med orke- ster, indledt af en stor ouverture. Det eneste, der kom ud af det, var den instrumen- tale indledning, ouverturen Die Weihe des Hauses. Hvilke tanker, der præcis gjorde, at Beethoven lod Schillers tekst indgå i sin 9. sym- foni vides ikke med sikkerhed. Beethoven var begejstret for Schillers digt, men han benyttede ikke det hele og føjede også egne ord til. Fx da bassolisten sætter ind med følgende: 'Venner! Ikke disse toner!' Og han fortsætter: 'Lad os i stedet anstemme noget mere behageligt og frydefuldt.' Disse ord er Beethovens egne, og de fungerer som et personligt oplæg til Schillers digt. DEN STORE KORFINALE Beethoven var den første komponist, der havde gjort brug af et kor i en symfoni, noget som senere inspirerede både Mendelssohn (i 2. symfoni) og Gustav Mahler (i 2., 3. og 8. symfoni). Omkring slutningen af 1700-tallet begyndte Beethovens hørelse at blive dårligere, og i 1814 havde komponisten helt mistet evnen til at høre. Korstemmerne til både Beethovens Missa Solemnis og den 9. symfoni er utroligt højt eksponeret, hvilket medvirker til, at de to værker i den grad slider på korsangerne. Flere musikforskere har peget på, at denne til tider unaturligt høje eksponering skyldes, at Beethoven med åre- ne, grundet sin døvhed, simpelthen mistede fornemmelsen for, hvad den menneske- lige stemme kan præstere. Der er med andre ord tale om en kraftpræstation for hver enkelt korsanger, hver eneste gang Beethovens opus 123 og opus 125 skal opføres. ENDEN PÅ AL MUSIK På Beethovens tid opfattede mange 9. symfoni som enden på al musik. Nu var alting sagt, og nye musikværker ville ikke kunne blive andet end overflødige. Beethoven havde forandret den genre, som gennem mere end 100 år havde været musikkens vigtigste. Ved uropførelsen var det aftalt, at Beethoven – på trods af sin døvhed – skulle stå på scenen og sætte tempoet an i hver sats. Det var derefter den sædvanlige kapelmester, der skulle holde sammen på partituret; dvs. de mange instrumentalister, korsangere og de fire sangsolister. Der var praktisk talt to dirigenter på scenen, hvoraf den døve Beethoven kun dirigerede det, han hørte for sit indre øre. Til koncerten havde den 'sædvanlige' kapelmester sat et lidt hurtigere tempo an i finalen, end Beethoven ønskede, og det betød, at komponisten stadig stod og dirigere- de et stykke tid efter, at musikken var stoppet. Et venligt ryk i komponistens frakke- ærme fik Beethoven til at stoppe, hvorefter han drejede sig rundt og kunne se en sal, hvor publikum var ved at koge over i begejstring. Det var ikke udelukkende musikken, som publikum hyldede, men i den grad også Beethoven, som ikke havde vist sig på en scene i mere end 12 år - han blev herefter kaldt frem på scenen hele fem gange for at modtage bifald. 5 Klara Ek / Sopran Klara EK Den svenske sopran, Klara Ek, er i besiddelse af en bemærkelsesværdig klar og smuk stemme og anerkendt hos mange af verdens førende dirigenter og orkestre. Hun er uddannet på Kungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm, University College of Opera i Stockholm og The Royal College of Music i London. Klara Ek er efterspurgt som koncert- og opera-sanger og har sunget en lang række prominente roller i hele verden. Hun debuterede i 2003 som Susanne i Figaros Bryllup på Det Kgl. Teater og kunne samme år opleves som Proserpina i Monteverdis Orfeo på Staatsoper Stuttgart, som solist i Mahlers 4. symfoni under ledelse af Vladimir Ashkenazy på Londons Royal Festival Hall og med NHK Symfoniorkesteret i Tokyo. I sommeren 2009 fik Klara Ek sin debut med The National Symphony Orchestra i Washing- ton, da hun sang sopranpartiet i Haydns Skabelsen under ledelse af Helmut Rilling. Hun debu­ terede i sæson 2009/10 med Berlinerfilharmonikerne i en opførelse af Bachs Magnificat under ledelse af Ton Koopman. I 2011 var hun desuden solist i Mahlers 4. symfoni med Copenhagen Phil under ledelse af Giancarlo Andretta. I sæsonen 2012/13 debuterede Klara Ek med både Toronto Symphony Orchestra under ledelse af chefdirigent Peter Oundjian, i Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem og med the City of Birming­ ham Symphony Orchestra i Mahlers 4.
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