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Growing Your Own Vegetables ^ Growing Ci Your Own Vegetables United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Information Bulletin 409 ,'---,0 C3D ;, <¿ ^>—il?* This is a reprint of Part 2 from the 1977 Yearbook of Agriculture, Gardening/or Food and Fun. The Yearbook may be purchased at government bookstores or ordered from the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Original page numbers from the entire book are used in this reprint. Part 2 Home Garden Vegetables Planning Your Vegetable Garden— Plots, PyramidSy and Planters 1^02 Groiving Vegetable Transplants: Lights, Containers, Media, Seed Ill The Complex Art of Planting 119 Vegetables in Containers Require Enough Sun, Space, Drainage 126 Play it Cool With Cole Crops (Cabbage, Etc.); They Attain Best Quality If Matured in Fall 133 The Popular, Cultivated Tomato And Kinfolk Peppers, Eggplant 139 Leafy Salad Vegetables: Lettuce, Celery, Cress, Endive, Escarole, Chicory 147 Onions Are Finicky as to Growing, Curing; And Garlic May Not Be a Joy Either 152 Root Crops More or Less Trouble-free, Produce Lots of Food in a Small Space 157 Greens or "Potherbs"—Chard, CoUards, Kale, Mustard, Spinach, New Zealand Spinach 163 Beans and Peas Are Easy to Grow And Produce a Wealth of Food 171 Sweet Corn, That Home Garden Favorite, For Good Nutrition and Eating Pleasure 181 Cucurbit Crops—Cucumbers, Gourds, Melons, Pumpkins, Squash—Have Uniform Needs 187 Asparagus Starts Up Slow But Goes On and On; Rhubarb Also Takes Its Own Sweet Time 196 Asparagus 196 Rhubarb 201 A Few Rows of Home Garden Potatoes Can Put Nutritious Food on Your Table 205 Sweet Potatoes—^Buried Treasure 212 Herbs for Flavor, Fragrances, Fun In Gardens, Pots, in Shade, in Sun 217 Okra Is Produced Primarily in the South As Main Dish Vegetable, and for Gumbos 224 Miscellany, including Celeriac, Horseradish, Artichoke, Peanuts, Vegetable Soybeans 228 Issued in December 1977 PART 2 Home Garden Vegetables V -^:^^^!t=^. -/'i.-.*C? %. ù'fh Planning Your Vegetable Garden— Plots, Pyramids, and Planters by George and Katy Abraham If you are fortunate enough to have out corn, squash and pumpkins, al- plenty of space for a garden, you can though a few bush squash do very have a traditional type v^ith enough well in small spaces and even in space between rows to run a garden containers. tractor. Before you plant your garden, do Mini Gardening Is Easy some planning. Most people make As the United States moves into their garden too big and by late sum- its third century, we find the Ameri- mer it may be a weed patch. For the can gardener is no longer limited to conventional garden with ample space conventional straight rows and regu- to use a garden tractor, a plot of 50 lated distances in which to raise vege- feet by 50 feet is enough for a family tables. Indeed, the method of culture of 4. With 5 or more members in is limited only by the imagination. households who plan on doing freez- This makes it possible for the urban ing and canning, a space of 50 feet by gardener—like his country cousin— 100 feet is not unreasonable. to have the satisfaction of raising However, if you plan to use muscle juicy tomatoes, snappy green beans power, a hand cultivator and a hoe, and pungent radishes. plus some plastic mulch to keep What's wrong with a window box weeds down, you can put rows only or a balcony planter with a few half as far apart and make your gar- flowers in front for show, and beans, den half the size. With this much carrots, onions, lettuce or radishes space you not only can grow lettuce, in back for food? Many gardeners are tomatoes, radishes, beets, carrots, on- doing just that. An incredible amount ions, snap beans and chard, but you of vegetables can be grown in small also can raise bush squash (both sum- spaces with a little extra plant food mer and winter) and some corn as and a good supply of ingenuity. well. Tomatoes, eggplants and vine crops Corn needs to be planted so that you add color to foundation plantings. have at least two rows side by si'de Cucumbers and melons can be (varieties must mature at the same trained up railings, trellises and time) for cross pollination. It is ac- fences. One cucumber vine will do tually preferable to plant four rows very well in one cubic foot of soil if together. The rows do not need to be it is fed once every two weeks with a long ones but can be arranged in liquid plant food, or if a slow release blocks to aid cross pollination. Re- plant food is added at the time of member it is the seed which you eat— planting. if there is no pollination you get no Even though the gardener has no corn. patch of ground he should not be de- If space is limited, it is best to cut terred. Container-grown vegetables are just as tasty. Some containers that make good mini-gardens are George and Katy Abraham of Naples, N.Y., do a column^ The Green Thumb, waste paper cans, half barrels, square for 126 newspapers. They also broadcast boxes, cement blocks (set so openings regularly over TV and radio, and have face the sky), and pails. written seven books on horticultural We have tried galvanized water topics. tanks, cut in half, an eave trough, 102 bushel baskets and beverage boxes. fill the beds. The raised beds can be You can make or buy tower gardens any size, but the most convenient are (called vertical gardens] made of 2- those easily reached from all sides. inch by 4-inch mesh wire fencing A 4-foot square is one we find rolled in a circle and lined with sisal handy. craft paper, into which has been Used car tires make dandy small poured one of the soilless mixes. circular beds. In fact, when you have Openings are cut in the paper, and a slope the tires can be pegged in seeds or plants inserted at appropri- place with stakes, filled with soil and ate intervals. You can also buy or used to grow any number of small construct pyramid gardens using crops. metal, wood or plastic. If you have a If the sun touches any of your gar- sloping piece of property, you can den spots for only a short time during build a terrace garden using the same the day, there's a solution. The trick principle. is to resort to aluminum foil or Vegetables grow faster in the chrome reflectors or mirrors. White warmth reflected from walks, drives houses reflect light, as do white gravel and concrete pads. If plants are grow- mulches. An equivalent of six hours of ing in containers, drainage holes pro- sun a day (whether reflected or direct] vide places for evaporation and you is adequate to grow most crops if the will have to water the containers light intensity remains high. Vege- more often when they are setting on table beds should not be shaded by concrete or blacktop. tall trees or high buildings. We've Even though drainage holes aid in had peppers, tomatoes and lettuce evaporation, containers must be well produce with only three hours of sun drained. Heavy rains can cause water and good reflected light the rest of to stand around roots. No vegetables the day. You can also put your con- do well in waterlogged soil. It is better tainers on wheels and move them to have a well drained container that with the sun. must be watered offener than one that holds water and shuts out air to the roots. Left, bags, baskets, and buckets can be- Fresh vegetable lovers who have come minigardens. Right, limited space for a garden poses no real problem. The patches of ground available with hard authors made this "vertical" garden by packed cement-like soil can grow lining a wire mesh tower with sisaJ craft their produce in raised beds framed paper and filling it with soil. Growing with 1-inch by 6-inch boards. They are squash, tomatoes, peppers, onions, then can make their own soil mix to and lettuce, besides some flowers. 103 Vegetable Planting Spacing Plants or (Inches) Number seed per days ready Vegetables 100 feet Rows Plants for use Asparagus 66 plants or 1 oz. 36-48 18 (2 years) Beans, snap bush V2 lb. 24-36 3-4 45-60 Beans, snap pole V2 lb. 36-48 4-6 60-70 Beans, Lima bush V2 lb. 30-36 3-4 65-80 Beans, Lima pole V4 lb. 36-48 12-18 75-85 Beets 1 oz. 15-24 2 50-60 Broccoli * 40-50 pi. or V4 oz. 24-36 14-24 60-80 Brussels sprouts * 50-60 pi. or 1/4 oz. 24-36 14-24 90-100 Cabbage * 50-60 pi. or V4 oz. 24-36 14-24 60-90 Cabbage, Chinese * 60-70 pi. or 1/4 oz. 18-30 8-12 65-70 Carrots V2 oz. 15-24 2 70-80 Cauliflower * 50-60 pi. or 1/4 oz. 24-36 14-24 70-90 Celeriac 200 pi. 18-24 4-8 120 Celery 200 pi. 30-36 125 Chard, Swiss 2 oz. 18-30 6 45-55 CoUards and kale V4 oz. 18-36 8-16 50-80 Corn, sweet 3-4 oz. 24-36 12-18 70-90 Cucumbers Vz oz. 48-72 24-48 50-70 Eggplant Vs oz. 24-36 18-24 80-90 Garlic (cloves) 1 lb.
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